Capacity planning involves answering all of the following questions EXCEPT What kind of capacity is needed? How much is needed? When is it needed? Who is going to decide? Which one of the following refers to the volume of output at which total cost equals total revenue? Optimal operating rate Break even point Feasible volume Utilization A technique that averages the number of recent actual values and forms a new value is called: Exponential smoothing Weighted moving average Moving average None of the above The advantages of specialization to management include all of the following EXCEPT: Rapid training of the workforce Ease in recruiting new workers Fewer turnovers Less boredom for workers The forecasting model that is based upon estimates of salesperson's expected sales is likely to be called ________. Delphi method Sales force combination Consumer market survey Panel of executive opinion Which of the following is not an attribute to classify services? Tangibility Perishability Simultaneity Degree of Customer Contact Most of the organizations adopt a defensive design R&D Strategy in an attempt to prolong the life of the product by employing new packaging, redesigning it, improving its reliability. This is __________ phase in product life cycle. Growth Maturity Saturation
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Capacity planning involves answering all of the following questions EXCEPT
What kind of capacity is needed?
How much is needed?
When is it needed?
Who is going to decide?
Which one of the following refers to the volume of output at which total cost equals total
revenue?
Optimal operating rate
Break even point Feasible volume
Utilization
A technique that averages the number of recent actual values and forms a new value is called:
Exponential smoothing
Weighted moving average
Moving average None of the above
The advantages of specialization to management include all of the following EXCEPT:
Rapid training of the workforce
Ease in recruiting new workers
Fewer turnovers
Less boredom for workers
The forecasting model that is based upon estimates of salesperson's expected sales is likely to be
called ________.
Delphi method
Sales force combination Consumer market survey
Panel of executive opinion
Which of the following is not an attribute to classify services?
Tangibility Perishability
Simultaneity
Degree of Customer Contact
Most of the organizations adopt a defensive design R&D Strategy in an attempt to prolong the
life of the product by employing new packaging, redesigning it, improving its reliability. This is
The total weight assigned to actual occurrences should be equal to:
0
1
2
3
Which of the following is not the true representation the concept of time series model?
Exponential smoothing
Moving averages
Naïve approach
Linear regression
In statistical process control, some tools are used primarily to detect production of defective products / services or process changes. What those tools are known as?
Regression charts
Pareto charts
Control charts
Histograms
If the final inspector at an automobile paint shop discovers that the paint on the car has a poor finish, the car may have to be completely rescinded and repainted. This would result in ________ incurred.
Internal failure cost External failure cost Appraisal cost Prevention cost (zh,vuzs,may2011) ___ costs are incurred in assessing the level of quality attained by the operating system. Prevention Appraisal Operating Failure
(zh,vuzs,may2011)
Question # 1 of 15 Productivity refers to the ratio of output to input, in your views what are the measures by which productivity can be increased? Inputs increase while outputs remain the same Outputs decrease while inputs remain the same Inputs and outputs increase proportionately Inputs decrease while outputs remain the same Productivity is a measure of output from a production process, per unit of input. Total productivity = Output quality and quantity / Input quality and quantity
Question # 2 of 15 The technical aspect of Six Sigma includes all of the following Except: Improving process performance Use of statistical methods Top management commitment Reduction in variations The Technical aspects of Six Sigma include: 1. Improving process performance
2. Reducing variation
3. Utilizing statistical models
4. Designing a structured improvement strategy
www.vuzs.net Question # 3 of 15 Which one of the following statements is NOT correct about cycle time? It represents daily operating time divided by desired production It is the maximum allowable time at each work station It determines the time often items take to roll off in assembly line
It is the time required to complete a product from start to finish Cycle time is the maximum time allowed at each workstation to complete its set of tasks on a unit. Question # 4 of 15 A double sampling plan specifies all of the following Except Size of the initial sample Size of second sample Lot size Double acceptance number A double sampling plan specifies the lot size, the size of the initial sample, accept/reject criteria for the initial sample, the size of the second sample and a single acceptance number.
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Which one of the following layout type is also called line layout? Fixed Position layout Process layout Product layout Cellular layout Product layout: These layouts are also known as the line layouts or the layout by sequence. In such layouts, the manufacturing cycle is small with minimum material handling. The space required is small and quality control is easy to exercise.
Which one of the following is an example of site related factors that affect location decision? Transportation Quality of life Location of new markets Location of raw materials Site Related Factors:
In decision making theory the next step after implementing the best possible alternative is to: Develop Alternatives Develop results Monitor the results Implementation The decision making process involves the following six important steps
1. Specify Objectives and the Criteria for decision making
2. Develop Alternatives
3. Analyze and compare alternatives. 4. Select the best alternative. 5. Implement the chosen Alternative
6. Monitor the results to ensure the desired results are achieved.
In exponential smoothing model, a denotes: Smoothing constant Previous forecast Forecast error Actual forecast α = Alpha smoothing constant
Which one of the following is a productivity measure based on all inputs? Capital productivity Multifactor productivity Partial productivity Total productivity Multifactor productivity (MFP) measures the changes in output per unit of combined inputs.
___________ is a philosophy of continually seeking ways to improve operations Poke – yoke Kaizen Robustness Quality deployment Kaizen is the Japanese word for continuous improvement.
Which one of the following factors provides a basis for comparing alternative forecasting techniques? Time dimension Reliability factor Degree of accuracy Measuring units Accuracy: Forecasts should be accurate. In fact it should carry the degree of accuracy, so the users are aware of the limitations of the forecast.
Which one of the following is NOT the input in the transformation process? Informations Services Facilities Materials Information is the output of any input.
ABC Freight Company is overflowed with customer complaints of poor quality services. To achieve quality in the services being provided, managers can make use of which of the following strategy? Cost leadership strategy Statistical process control strategy Service differentiation strategy Conditional service guarantee strategy Statistical Process Control is one important tool to ensure that Service Quality is achieved before a defect is introduced in the service being offered or product being manufactured.
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Which of the following is NOT an emerging trend in the workplace? Increasing workplace diversity Decreasing work schedule flexibility Increasing number of part time jobs Increasing use of temporary labor
The concept of Agile organization refers to: Flexibility Quality Quick Response Profitability Quick response aka also known as Agility and an organization on this basis is often known as Agile Organization.
TQM is being criticized on the basis of factors which show:
Weak implementation of TQM practices or strong management perspective Strong implementation of TQM practices or weak management perspective Weak implementation of TQM practices or weak management perspective Strong implementation of TQM practices or strong management perspective Which of the following factors are important for choosing a strategy for aggregate planning? Select correct option: Cost and company policy Cost and layout decision Company policy and layout decision Company policy and capacity options Which of the following shows the quality and timing of specific end items for a
scheduled horizon?
Select correct option: Simulation model Master schedule
Aggregate plan
Critical path model
In terms of operations management the forecast which projects a company’s sales is called:
Economic forecast
Technological forecast
Demand forecast
Associative model
Ref:
Demand forecasting is the activity of estimating the quantity of a product or service that consumers will
purchase. A demand forecast is the prediction of what will happen to your company's existing product
sales.
In which one of the following techniques, the least squares method models uses one
dependent and one or more independent variables? Trend adjusted forecast
Simple moving average
Regression analysis Exponential smoothing
Regression analysis that uses two or more independent variables to forecast values of the dependent variable is called a multiple regression analysis.
The operational strategy must be in line with the:
Department goals
Organizational goals
Management goals
None of the above
Operational Strategy is:
Narrower in scope and in more detail Prepared by middle management. Should be in line with the Organization strategy.
Which one of the following strategies specifies how the firm will employ its production capabilities to
support its corporate strategy?
Tactical
Operations
Manufacturing
Production
Ref:
Operations Management is concerned with managing the operations strategy, which specifies how the
firm will employ its production capabilities to support its corporate strategy.
The systematic processing of data to yield information is a part of __________.
Management science
Information sciences
Industrial engineering
Scientific management
Collaborative Planning, Forecasting, and Replenishment (CPFR) a Web based tool used to coordinate
demand forecasting, ____________ and inventory replenishment between supply chain trading partners.
Production and purchase planning
Demand and supply planning
Quantitative forecasting
Demand management
Collaborative Planning, Forecasting, and Replenishment (CPFR) a Web-based tool used to coordinate
demand forecasting, production and purchase planning, and inventory replenishment between supply
chain trading partners. You will learn about this in your later part of the semester.
When using exponential smoothing how the smoothing constant can be determined? With the help of the accuracy of the previous forecasts By using MAD (Mean Absolute deviation) By choosing to maximize positive bias
By using random variations Decision Tree is read from: Right to left
Left to right
Top to bottom
Bottom to top
Decision Trees: The tree is read from left to right.
A strategy that is narrower in scope and in more detail is:
Organizational Strategy
Time and Quality Strategy
Operational Strategy
Manufacturing/Service Strategy
More routine purchasing, handling and inspection is an example of:
Customization
Mass Customization
Standardization
None of the above
Advantages of Standardization: More routine purchasing, handling, and inspection procedures
(These indicate a decrease in cost and can improve reliability as well as over all design and
manufacturing processes)
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Forecasting or prediction for organizations will always be:
Failure
Success
Sometimes failure and sometimes success
Complex
“Business forecasting is only used for predicting demand”. This statement is:
Totally right
Totally wrong
Partially right
None of the above
Business forecasting pertains to more than predicting demand. Forecasts are also used to predict
Operational strategies mostly function on two dimensions that are:
Quality management and Service/Manufacturing Strategy
Quality and Operation Management
Service/Manufacturing Strategy and Functional Management
Operation and Functional Management
Operational strategies mostly function on two dimensions of quality management and
service/manufacturing strategy.
The main constituents of the Quantitative methods of forecasting are?
Sales force composite
Panel of executive opinion
Consumer market survey
Exponential smoothing
Exponential smoothing:
1. Quantitative forecasting
2. Weighted average of two variables.
The ratio of the real value of output to the combined input of labor and capital is called:
Labor Productivity
Capital Productivity
Energy Productivity
Multifactor Productivity
A purchaser needs unique, low-money value part. This part is a critical component of a
product manufactured by the purchaser. The part is patented and can only be obtained
from two suppliers and is often on back order. The purchaser‟s company does not have
expertise in the manufacturing of this particular component. In this scenario what is the
most appropriate action for the purchaser?
To select a similar part from other reliable supplier and substitute the part
To set up a cross-functional team to make the part internally
To seek other suppliers through seeking a quotation or proposal
To recommend a change in product design to remove the need for that unique part. ( Answer
requsted).
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Increases in productivity are difficult to achieve if one of the following situation occurs
The task is more intellectual and personal
The task is more quantitative and repetitive
The task is more physical and tangible
The task is more good-producing and standardized
The systematic plan of action with defined resources is called:
Competitiveness
Strategy
Productivity
Flexibility
Strategy is an elaborate and systematic plan of action with defined resources.
In a Process layout, work stations are arranged according to the general function they perform without regard to any particular product.
True. A product layout is more suited to situations where product demand is stable than when it is fluctuating.
True. Fixed position layouts are used in projects where the product cannot be moved, and therefore equipment, workers, and materials are brought to it.
False. In general, work-in-process inventory is large for a process layout and small for a product layout.
Low Volume is associated with process layout.
problems for Inventory Management:
1. When developing inventory cost models, which of the following are not included as costs to place an order?
A) Phone calls B) Taxes C) Clerical D) Calculating quantity to order E) Postage
Answer: B
2. Which of the following is not included as an inventory holding cost?
A) Annualized cost of materials B) Handling C) Insurance D) Pilferage E) Storage facilities
Answer: A 3. Which of the following is not an assumption of the basic fixed-order quantity inventory model?
A) Ordering or setup costs are constant B) Inventory holding cost is based on average inventory C) Diminishing returns to scale of holding inventory D) Lead time is constant E) Demand for the product is uniform throughout the period
Answer: C 4. Assuming no safety stock, what is the re-order point (R) given an average daily demand of 50 units, a lead
time of 10 days and 625 units on hand? A) 550 B) 500 C) 715 D) 450 E) 475
Answer: B
5. If annual demand is 12,000 units, the ordering cost is $6 per order and the holding cost is $2.50 per unit per
year, which of the following is the optimal order quantity? A) 576 B) 240 C) 120.4 D) 60.56 E) 56.03
Answer: B
6. Using the economic order quantity model, which of the following is the total ordering cost of inventory given
an annual demand of 36,000 units, a cost per order of $80 and a holding cost per unit per year of $4? A) $849 B) $1,200 C) $1,889 D) $2,267 E) $2,400
Answer: E 7. A company has recorded the last five days of daily demand on their only product. Those values are 120, 125,
124, 128, and 133. The time from when an order is placed to when it arrives at the company from its
vendor is 5 days. Assuming the basic fixed-order quantity inventory model fits this situation and no
safety stock is needed, which of the following is the reorder point (R)? A) 120 B) 126 C) 630 D) 950 E) 1,200
Answer: C
8. The Pareto principle is best applied to which of the following inventory systems? A) EOQ B) Fixed-time period C) ABC classification D) Fixed-order quantity E) Optional replenishment system
Answer: C 9. Using the ABC classification system for inventory, which of the following is a true statement?
A) The “C” items are of moderate dollar value B) You should allocate about 15 % of the dollar volume to “B” items C) The “A” items are of low dollar value D) The “A” items are of high dollar value E) Inexpensive and low usage items are classified as “C” no matter how critical
Answer: D
10.Which one of the following descriptions best defines the cycle-service level as a measure of customer
service? a. The preferred proportion of annual demand instantaneously filled from stock b. The number of stockouts tolerated per year c. The preferred proportion of days in the year when an item is in stock d. The desired probability of not running out of stock in any one inventory cycle Answer: d
11.Which one of the following statements is best?
a. A P system requires more safety stock than a Q system. b. A P system lends itself more to quantity discounts than does a Q system. c. A P system requires more administrative control and computer support than does a Q system. d. In a periodic review system, the value of Q is kept the same from one cycle to another. Answer: a
12.Sark Incorporated is out of stock for a key item, which has a backorder of 200 units. An open order of 750
units is scheduled for arrival on the following Monday. What is the current inventory position at Sark? a. Less than or equal to 0 units b. Greater than 0 but less than or equal to 500 units
c. Greater than 500 but less than or equal to 750 units d. Greater than 750 units Answer: c
13.For an item under continuous review, the on-hand inventory is only 20 units and the reorder point R is 100
units. There are no backorders, but there is one open order for 90 units. Which one of the following
statements is TRUE? a. There is no need to order at the present time. b. The current inventory position is 100 units. c. An order should be placed now for 20 units. d. An order should be placed now for 10 units. Answer: a
14.The Franklin County Hospital is currently using a continuous review system to control its inventory. One
of the items in inventory is an elastic band. The average demand for this item is 200 boxes per week, and
the standard deviation in weekly demand is 50 boxes. If the lead time is 3 weeks and the hospital wants a
99 percent cycle-service level, what is the reorder point for this item? a. Less than 650 boxes b. Greater than 650 boxes but less than 750 boxes c. Greater than 750 boxes but less than 850 boxes d. Greater than 850 boxes Answer: c
Table 1
A company operating under a continuous review system has an average demand of 50 units per
week for the item it produces. The standard deviation in weekly demand is 20 units. The lead time
for the item is 6 weeks, and it costs the company $30 to process each order. The holding cost for
each unit is $10 per year. The company operates 52 weeks per year.
15.Use the information in Table 1. What is the economic order quantity (EOQ) for this item?
a. Less than 175 units b. Greater than 175 units but less than or equal to 200 units c. Greater than 200 units but less than or equal to 225 units d. Greater than 225 units a
16.Use the information in Table 1. What is the desired safety stock level if the company has a policy of
maintaining a 90 percent cycle-service level? a. Less than 50 units b. Between 50 units and 100 units c. Between 100 units and 150 units d. Greater than 150 units b
17.Use the information in Table 1. What is the reorder point if the company finally decides to have a 95
percent cycle-service level? a. Less than or equal to 300 units b. Between 300 and 325 units c. Between 325 and 350 units d. Greater than 350 units d
18. A company has recorded the last five days of daily demand on their only product. Those values are 120, 125,
124, 128, and 133. The time from when an order is placed to when it arrives at the company from its
vendor is 5 days. Assuming the basic fixed-order quantity inventory model fits this situation and no
safety stock is needed, which of the following is the reorder point (R)? A) 120 B) 126 C) 630 D) 950 E) 1,200
Answer: C
19. If it takes a supplier four days to deliver an order once it has been placed and the standard deviation of daily
demand is 10, which of the following is the standard deviation of usage during lead time?
A) 10 B) 20 C) 40 D) 100 E) 400
Answer: B 20. A company wants to determine its reorder point (R). Demand is variable and they want to build a safety stock
into R. If the average daily demand is 12, the lead time is 5 days, the desired “z” value is 1.96, and the
standard deviation of usage during lead time is 3, which of the following is the desired value of R? A) About 6 B) About 16 C) About 61 D) About 66 E) About 79
Answer: D
21. A store has collected the following information on one of its products:
Demand = 10,000 units/year Standard deviation of weekly demand = 25 units Ordering costs = $30/order Holding costs = $4/unit/year Cycle-service level= 95% Lead time = 2 weeks Number of weeks per year = 50 weeks
If a firm uses the continuous review system to control the inventory, what would be the order
quantity and reorder point?
Answer:
= 387.30 387 units 258 units
22. Assuming no safety stock, what is the re-order point (R) given an average daily demand of 100 units and a
lead time of 5 days? Answer: 500
Which of the following is a function of inventory? a. to decouple or separate parts of the production process b. to provide a stock of goods that will provide a selection for customers c. to take advantage of quantity discounts d. to hedge against inflation e. all of the above are functions of inventory
2. Which of the following would not generally be a motive for a firm to hold inventories? a. to decouple or separate parts of the production process b. to provide a stock of goods that will provide a selection for customers c. to take advantage of quantity discounts d. to minimize holding costs 3. All of the following statements about ABC analysis are true except a. inventory may be categorized by measures other than dollar volume b. it categorizes on-hand inventory into three groups based on annual dollar volume c. it is an application of the Pareto principle d. it states that all items require the same degree of control e. it states that there are the critical few and the trivial many inventory items 4. ABC analysis is based upon the principle that a. all items in inventory must be monitored very closely b. there are usually a few critical items, and many items which are less critical c. an item is critical if its usage is high d. the safety stock in terms of volume should be higher for A items than for C items 5. Which of the following statements about ABC analysis is false? a. ABC analysis is based on the presumption that controlling the few most important items produces the vast majority of inventory savings. b. In ABC analysis, "A" Items are tightly controlled, have accurate records, and receive regular review by major decision makers. c. In ABC analysis, "C" Items have minimal records, periodic review, and simple controls. d. ABC analysis is based on the presumption that all items must be tightly controlled to produce important cost savings. 6. ABC analysis divides on-hand inventory into three classes, generally based upon a. item quality b. unit price c. the number of units on hand d. annual demand e. annual dollar volume 7. Cycle counting a. is a process by which inventory records are verified once a year b. provides a measure of inventory accuracy c. provides a measure of inventory turnover d. assumes that all inventory records must be verified with the same frequency 2 8. Among the advantages of cycle counting is that it a. does not need to be performed for less expensive items b. does not require the detailed inventory records necessary when annual physical inventory is used c. does not require highly trained people d. allows more rapid identification of errors and consequent remedial action than is possible with annual physical inventory 9. The two most basic inventory questions answered by the typical inventory model are a. timing and cost of orders b. quantity and cost of orders c. timing and quantity of orders d. order quantity and service level 10. A certain type of computer costs $1,000, and the annual holding cost is 25%. Annual demand is 10,000 units, and the order cost is $150 per order. What is the approximate economic order quantity? a. 70 b. 110 c. 250 d. 12,000 11. Most inventory models attempt to minimize a. the likelihood of a stockout
b. the number of items ordered c. total inventory based costs d. the number of orders placed 12. In the basic EOQ model, if the cost of placing an order doubles, and all other values remain constant, the EOQ will a. increase by about 41% b. increase by 100% c. increase by 200% d. either increase or decrease 13. In the basic EOQ model, if D = 6,000 per year, S = $100, H = $5 per unit per month, the Economic Order Quantity is approximately a. 527 b. 100 c. 490 d. 142 14. Which of the following statements about the basic EOQ model is true? a. If the ordering cost were to double, the EOQ would rise. b. If annual demand were to double, the EOQ would increase. c. If the carrying cost were to increase, the EOQ would fall. d. All of the above statements are true. 15. Which of the following statements about the basic EOQ model is false? a. If the setup cost were to decrease, the EOQ would fall. b. If annual demand were to increase, the EOQ would increase. c. If the ordering cost were to increase, the EOQ would rise. d. If annual demand were to double, the EOQ would also double. 3 16. A product whose EOQ is 40 experiences a decrease in ordering cost from $90 per order to $10. The revised EOQ is a. three times as large b. one-third as large c. nine times as large d. one-ninth as large 17. A product whose EOQ is 400 experiences a 50% increase in demand. The new EOQ is a. unchanged b. increased by less than 50% c. increased by 50% d. increased by more than 50% 18. For a certain item, the cost-minimizing order quantity obtained with the basic EOQ model was 200 units and the total annual inventory cost was $600. The inventory carrying cost per unit per year for this item is a. $1.50 b. $3.00 c. $2.00 d. $6.00 19. A product has demand of 4,000 units per year. Ordering cost is $20 and holding cost is $4 per unit per year. The EOQ model is appropriate. The cost-minimizing solution for this product will cost _____ per year in total annual inventory costs. a. $400 b. $800 c. $1,200 d. $16,000
20. A product has demand of 4,000 units per year. Ordering cost is $20 and holding cost is $4 per unit per year. The cost-minimizing solution for this product is to order a. all 4,000 units at one time b. 200 units per order c. 1000 units per order d. 400 units per order 21. The EOQ model with quantity discounts attempts to determine a. what is the lowest amount of inventory necessary to satisfy a certain service level b. what is the lowest purchasing price c. whether to use fixed-quantity or fixed period order policy d. how many units should be ordered 22. An inventory decision rule states "when the inventory level goes down to 14 gearboxes, 100 gearboxes will be ordered." Which of the following statements is true? a. 100 is the reorder point, and 14 is the order quantity. b. 14 is the reorder point, and 100 is the order quantity. c. The number 100 is a function of demand during lead time. d. 14 is the safety stock, and 100 is the reorder point. 23. Which of the following statements regarding the Production Order Quantity model is true? a. It applies only to items produced in the firm's own production departments. b. It relaxes the assumption that all the order quantity is received at one time. c. It relaxes the assumption that the demand rate is constant. d. It minimizes the total production costs. 4 24. The Production Order Quantity model a. relaxes the assumption of known and constant demand b. uses Ordering Cost, not Setup Cost, in its formula c. is appropriate when units are sold/used as they are produced d. results in larger average inventory than an equivalent EOQ model 25. When quantity discounts are allowed, the cost-minimizing order quantity a. minimizes the sum of holding and ordering costs b. minimizes the unit purchase price c. may be a quantity below that at which one qualifies for that price d. minimizes the sum of holding, ordering, and product costs 26. A specific product has expected demand during lead time of 100 units, with a standard deviation of 25 units. What safety stock (approximately) provides a 95% service level? a. 41 b. 55 c. 133 d. 140 27. Demand for dishwasher water pumps is 8 per day. The standard deviation of demand is 3 per day, and the order lead time is four days. The service level is 95%. What should the reorder point be? a. about 18 b. about 24 c. about 32 d. about 33 e. more than 35 28. The purpose of safety stock is to a. replace failed units with good ones b. eliminate the possibility of a stockout c. eliminate the likelihood of a stockout due to erroneous inventory tally d. control the likelihood of a stockout due to the variability of demand during lead time 29. The proper quantity of safety stock is typically determined by a. minimizing an expected stockout cost b. carrying sufficient safety stock so as to eliminate all stockouts
c. meeting 95% of all demands d. setting the level of safety stock so that a given stockout risk is not exceeded 30. If demand is not uniform and constant, then stockout risks can be controlled by a. increasing the EOQ b. placing an extra order c. raising the selling price to reduce demand d. adding safety stock 31. A disadvantage of the fixed-period inventory system is that a. it involves higher ordering costs than the fixed quantity inventory system b. additional inventory records are required c. the average inventory level is decreased d. since there is no count of inventory during the review period, a stockout is possible 5 Chapter 12: Multiple Choice Answers 1. e 2. d 3. d 4. b 5. d 6. e 7. b 8. d 9. c 10. b 11. c 12. a 13. d 14. d 15. d 16. b 17. b 18. d 19. b 20. b 21. d 22. b 23. b 24. c 25. d 26. a 27. e 28. d 29. d 30. d 31. d
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
1. All of the following are advantages of the pure project organizational structure EXCEPT:
A. the project manager has full authority over the project.
B. equipment and people are shared across projects.
C. lines of communication are shortened.
D. high team pride and commitment. .
E. team members report to one boss.
2. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of the matrix project structure?
A. communication between functional divisions is enhanced
B. duplication of resources is minimized
C. policies of the parent organization are followed
D. there are two bosses - functional managers and project managers
E. team members have a functional area after the project is completed
3. Which of the following factors are of concern in project management?
I. time
II. cost
III. resource availability
A. I only
B. II only
C. III only
D. I and II only
E. I, II and III
4. For critical path scheduling techniques to be most applicable, the jobs or tasks of a project
must be:
A. well-defined.
B. independent.
C. ordered.
D. a and b only.
E. all of the above.
5. The early finish time equals:
A. the earliest possible time that the activity can begin.
B. the earliest start time plus the time needed to complete the activity.
C. the latest time an activity can end without delaying the project.
D. the earliest time an activity can start minus the activity time.
E. the latest start time minus the activity time.
6. The critical path of a project can be characterized in the following way:
A. The slack times for each task in the project are zero.
B. The chain of activities (from start to finish) that has the largest sum of activity durations.
C. The early start date and early finish date are always the same for each activity on the critical
path.
D. To reduce the project duration, you must reduce the slack time of a task on the critical path.
E. None of the above are correct.
7. You have just been asked to oversee 100 people on a two-year project, to develop a new MRI
machine similar to a current product, which will have twice the effectiveness and cost less to
manufacture. You are uncertain about the time required to complete many of the activities.
Which project management technique should you use?
A. CPM with a single time estimate
B. MRP
C. CPM with three time estimates
D. GANTT
E. Any of the above will work.
8. Which of the following is a major disadvantage of the Matrix method of project management?
A. A single project manager is held responsible for the successful completion of the project.
B. Team members must leave their functional "home" - jeopardizing their career path.
C. Communication between functional disciplines is discouraged.
D. Team members report to two bosses - creating a potential conflict.
E. The combined functional knowledge of many similarly-trained employees can be used to
create synergistic solutions to problems as they arise over the duration of the project
9. The early finish time for an activity equals:
A. The earliest possible time that the activity can begin.
B. The earliest start time plus the time needed to complete the activity.
C. The latest time an activity can end without delaying the project.
D. The earliest time an activity can start minus the activity time.
E. The latest start time minus the activity time.
10. What is the expected duration of the path BCDEGH?
Activity Predecessors Optimistic Most Likely Pessimistic
A 2 3 4
B 2 4 6
C A, B 3 4 8
D C 2 3 7
E D 4 6 8
F E 5 8 13
G E 4 4 4
H F, G 2 4 6
A. 17
B. 26
C. 25
D. 37.33
E. 39
ANSWERS:
1B, 2D, 3E, 4E, 5B, 6B, 7C, 8D, 9B, 10B
A supply chain is defined as the group of firms that provide all processes required to make a
finished product available to the customer. A) True B) False
2
SCM can include having suppliers actually on site producing products or services in a
manufacturers facility. A) True B) False
3
SCM suppliers should be viewed as "partners." A) True B) False
4
Wal-Mart's EDI system issues electronic purchase orders and receives electronic invoices from
virtually all of Wal-Mart's suppliers. A) True B) False
5
Which of the following is NOT a reason that companies are depending more on their suppliers?
A) More focus on core competencies B) Need for more flexibilities
C) Desire to share risks D) More control over their suppliers
6
The trend in organizations is to place the SCM function: A) Under the
manufacturing function B) Under the finance function C) Under the
engineering function D) At the same level as the other major functions
7
Which of the following is NOT a factor impacting the supply chain? A) Reduced
number of suppliers B) Increased competition C) Longer product life
cycles D) Increased opportunities to strategically use technology
8
If two potential suppliers can deliver a part with the same quality and prices, the selection should
be based on: A) Age of the firms B) A coin flip C)
Outside evaluation D) The capabilities and flexibilities of the firms
9
Just-in-time/SCM purchasing requires the following condition: A) Many suppliers
B) Short-term contracts C) Cooperation between purchasing and
suppliers D) Continuous competitive bidding
10
The amount of inventory kept at each stock point in a warehouse network is usually based on:
A) Minimizing transportation costs B) Constant demand C)
Tradeoffs between warehousing, inventory, and transportation costs D)
Product pricing strategy
11
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of SCM/JIT Purchasing? A) Consistent
quality B) Savings on resources C) Lower costs D) Less
dependence on suppliers
12
Purchased items account for approximately what % of costs of goods sold? A) 30-
40% B) 40-50% C) 50-60% D) 60-70% E)
70-80%
According to Total Quality Management approach, ____________ is responsible for process design.
Design department
Operations department
Logistic department
Logistic department
Operations Dept: A Design process that facilitates doing the job right the first time.
Identify the time span covered by aggregate planning. 3-7 months 2-10 months 2-12 months 4-8 months
Aggregate planning: Intermediate-range capacity planning, usually covering 2 to 12 months.
ISO 14000 is a series of how many standards? Three Five Seven Ten
(Reference by Umeed-e-Subh)
ISO 14000 is a series of five standards that cover a number of areas.
www.vuzs.net
Which one of the following is a characteristic of a continuous process? High lead times Short process times
The ability to handle high variety The ability to handle high volumes
In manufacturing, a continuous process is a method that is used by manufacturing or production companies to churn out the greatest quantity of a product over the least time.
As preventive measures improve quality, _____ costs decreases. Failure Appraisal Operating Opportunity As preventive measures improve quality, appraisal costs decrease, because fewer resources are needed for quality inspections and the subsequent search for the causes of any problems that are detected.
An organization has described its distinctive characteristics. So, what is the next step in formulating the strategy? Productivity Measures Environmental scanning Selecting the market segment Competitor’s distinctiveness Strategy Formulation: Service Organizations are no exceptions and work diligently to identify, nurture and protect their distinctive competencies. Service Organizations are busy carrying out detailed environmental scanning and also periodically carryout SWOT Analysis.
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Which of the following department is responsible for measuring costs of poor quality? Accounting department Finance department Quality control department Operations department Cost Of Poor Quality (COPQ): Cost of Poor Quality (COPQ) in Quality Control.
Which of the following forecasting techniques induce personal bias in a forecast?
As a quantitative measure, the "forecast bias" can be specified as a probabilistic or statistical property of the forecast error. A typical measure of bias of forecasting procedure is the arithmetic mean or expected value of the forecast errors, but other measures of bias are possible.
Which one of the following is an example of an intermediate range plan? Machine loading Backorder Facilities layout Product design
Intermediate plans (General levels)
1. Employment
2. Finished Good inventories
3. Subcontracting, Backorders
4. Output
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Capacity options are usually of ________ range in nature Short Long Intermediate Periodical
Long-range plans
1. Long term capacity
2. Location / layout
Which one of the following formula can be used to compute break even point? Q = FC / (R + VC) Q = VC / (R + FC) Q = VC / (R - VC) Q = FC / (R - VC)
QBEP = FC/ R-VC
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Which of the following contributes in customer’s perception of Expected Service? Service features Past experience Reliability of service After service guarantee
All of the following are dimensions of service quality Except: Assurance Responsiveness Intangibles Reliability
Service Quality Dimensions
Reliability
Responsiveness
Assurance
Empathy
Tangibles
G.S.Radford demonstrated the connections between:
High quality, decreased quality and higher cost
High quality, increased quality and higher cost
High quality, decreased quality and lower cost
High quality, increased quality and lower cost
G.S. Radford introduced the concept of quality in the product design stage and linked high quality with increased productivity and lower costs.
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Reliability and safety of service is ensured through which of the following?
Quality in design
Quality in system
Quality in equipment
Quality in training
The thing to remember here is that Quality in design ensures the safe as well as reliable operations of the service.
Averages of accepted and rejected batches in operating curve is known as__________.
Average lot tolerance percent defective
Average outgoing quality
Average outgoing quality limit
Average acceptance quality level
Average Outgoing Quality (AOQ): Average of rejected lots and accepted lots.
In SERVQUAL model, all of the following makes sure that no gap exists between the
service provided and service demanded Except:
System design
Service quality
Communication with customers
Well trained workforce
SERVQUAL measuring tool “remains the most complete attempt to conceptualize and
measure service quality”. Gap 4 is the gap between the delivery of the customer
experience and what is communicated to customers. Gap 5 is difference between
perceived and expected services. The key to closing gap in thoughtful system design.
Which one of the following mathematical expressions can be used to compute output
capacity?
OT/CT
CT/OT
CT+OT
CT-OT
OC = Output capacity = OT/CT
Total Quality Management stresses on all of the following principles except:
Customer satisfaction
Employee involvement
Continuous improvement in quality
Quality as competitive advantage
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Which one of the following is an example of a short range plan?
Machine loading
Back order
Facilities layout
Product design
Short-range plans (Detailed plans)
1. Machine loading
2. Job assignments
External failure cost also includes:
Litigation costs
Process redesigning costs
Employee training costs
Rework costs
Which of the following is NOT a dimension of quality that makes a company
competitive?
Performance
Special features
Leadership
Reliability
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______ method of evaluation of quality allows the inspectors to make decisions about
whether a product / service meets the specifications?
Measuring attributes
Measuring variables
Measuring dimensions
None of the above
Fitness for Purpose - Customer specification: It identifies quality in terms of the extent to which a product or service meets the specifications of the customer.
Seagate, a disk driver manufacturer advertises that its high performance disk drivers
have a mean time failure of 1.2 million hours. If the disk lived upto that claim, it would
come under which TQM customer driven dimension of quality?
Value
Fitness for use
Conformance to specification
Quality in design
Conformance - how well product/service conforms to customer’s expectations.
Ali got his mobile repaired from UNITED MOBILES which was situated very near to his
home. Which dimension of service quality is referred in this example?
Assurance
Reliability
Convenience
Responsiveness
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The forecasting model that attempts to predict the future value based on the past data is
known as:
Delphi Method
Time series Analysis
Associative Models
Naïve Forecasting
Time series: It uses historical data assuming the future will be like the past and depend on developing relationships between variables that can be expressed to predict future values.
Which of the following is referred to as plans for achieving goals?
Tactics
Strategies
Policies
Mission
Strategies are plans for achieving goals.
Which one of the following refers to a team having representatives from different
functional areas of the organization?
Traditional work group
Self-directed team
Cross-functional team
Self motivated team
These cross-functional benchmarking teams contain representatives from different
functional areas of each company.
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XYZ organization is ISO 9000 certified. It now requires a plan to improve performance in
resource use and pollutant output. For this, the organization requires certification of ________.
ISO 9003
ISO 14000
ISO 9004
None of the above
The ISO 14000 environmental management standards exist to help organizations (a)
minimize how their operations (processes etc.) negatively affect the environment (i.e.
cause adverse changes to air, water, or land); (b) comply with applicable laws,
regulations, and other environmentally oriented requirements, and (c) continually
improve in the above.
The role of a ------------ manager is to sustain, protect, and project the company’s
operations side.
Project Manager
Operations Manager
Finance Manager
Marketing Manager Whether profit or non profit, the role of an OPERATIONS MANAGER is to sustain, protect, and project the company’s operations side.
All are six sigma teams except:
"Black belts"
Master "black belts"
"Green belts"
Master "green belts"
Six Sigma Teams are formed for implement of Six Sigma in true spirit keeping in mind both managerial as well as technical aspects.
1. Top management
2. Program champions
3. Master “black belts”
4. “Black belts”
5. “Green belts”
Solved and Referenced by Zubair hussain
Which of the following terms reflects the notions of “do it right” and “if it does not right, fix it”? ? Competitive benchmarking
? Quality at the source
? Continuous improvement
? Customer focus
(zh,vuzs,feb11)
Choose the correct value of alpha by solving the Kanban formula.
? 7.88
? 8.88
? 9.7
? 6.89
Find the value of alpha
Working :-
500 = 1500 (0.5 + 0.25) (1+ alpha) / 20
(1+ alpha) = 500 x 20 / 1500(0.5 + 0.25)
(1+ alpha) = 10,000 / 1500 (0.75)
(1+ alpha) = 10,000 / 1125
(1+ alpha) = 8.88
alpha = 8.88 – 1
alpha = 7.88
(huzifa, vuzs.net,feb11)
For 10 numbers of jobs, cumulative flow time is 180. Under First Come First
Served (FCFS) rule of sequencing which of the following is average flow time?
? 18 days
? 13 days
? 15 days
? 10 days
cumulative flow/number of jobs = average flow time
Which of the following is a time ordered diagram that is used to determine whether observed variations are abnormal? Select correct option: Control charts Scatter diagram Histograms Pareto charts
Control Chart: A time ordered plot representative sample statistics obtained from
an on going process purpose : to monitor process output to see if it is random
Q.2 In TQM, appearance, style, durability, reliability, craftsmanship and serviceability comes under which determinant of quality? Select correct option: Quality of design Quality of conformance Quality of fitness for use Quality of service after delivery
Fitness for use
· How well the product/service performs its intended purpose
· Based on mechanical features of the product, convenience of service,
appearance, style, durability, reliability, craftsmanship, and serviceability
· Example: quality = if it was easy to assemble a desk and if it served well
Which of the following terms are important for financial analysis? Select correct option: Cash flow and profit Cash flow and present value Present value and fixed cost Cash flow and fixed cost (vuzs.net,zh,jan10) stevenson’s book page 208
Which of the following does not enhance developing capacity alternatives? Select correct option:
Designing flexibility into the system Taking a big picture approach Staying focused on quantitative factors Smoothing capacity requirements
(Vuzs.net , zh, jan10, setvesons book page 199)
What are the chances of the batch containing defect exceeding LTPD will be accepted is known as? Select correct option: Acceptance risk Consumer risk Producer risk None of the above mentioned
(Vuzs.net , zh, jan10, setvesons book page 456)
Which one of the following is an example of a long range plan? Select correct option: Machine loading Backorders Facilities layout Work schedule
Which method of forecasting is the most widely used?
Select correct option:
Regression analysis
Adaptive forecasting
Weighted moving average
Exponential smoothing
(Vuzs.net, vuzs,jan2010) Stevenson’s book page 479
_________ is a set of standards governing documentation of a quality program
“Respect for worker” is the basic principle of which of the following management systems? ? American management system ? Japanese management system ? Asian management system ? European management system
Reference
Which of the following is a characteristic of linear regression?
It is superior to a moving average
It is a causal forecasting model
It compensates for both trend and seasonal variations in demand
It is superior to a exponential smoothing
If the goal is prediction, or forecasting, linear regression can be used to fit a
predictive model to an observed data set of y and X values. After developing such
a model, if an additional value of X is then given without its accompanying value
of y, the fitted model can be used to make a prediction of the value
Which of the following relates to estimating both the level and timing of resourcesneeded over the project duration?
Project estimating
Project planning
Project control Project crashing
Referenced by vuzs.net
Which of the following is referred to as plans for achieving goals? Select correct option: Tactics Strategies Policies Mission
Strategies are Plans for achieving organizational goals
Mission is the reason for existence for an organization
Mission Statement answers the question “What business are we in?”
Goals provide detail and scope of mission
Tactics are the methods and actions taken to accomplish strategies
Which of the following statements is not true while comparing Quality Assurance with Strategic Approach? Select correct option: Strategic Approach is reactive while Quality Assurance is a proactive approach Strategic Approach is the superlative form of Quality Assurance Quality Assurance places emphasis on finding and correcting defects before reaching market Strategic Approach is proactive rather than reactive
Quality Assurance vs. Strategic Approach
Strategic Approach is the SUPERLATIVE form of Quality Assurance
Quality Assurance places emphasis on finding and correcting defects before
reaching
market
Strategic Approach is Proactive, focusing on preventing mistakes from occurring
and places
greater emphasis on customer satisfaction.
________costs are incurred in assessing the level of quality attained by the operating system.
Multiple-Choice Quiz
(See related pages)
Please answer the following questions.
1 The advantages of standardization include: I. early freezing of the design. II. Fewer parts to
deal with in inventory. III. Reduced training cost and time. IV. More routine purchasing.
A) I, II
B) I, IV
C) I, II, III
D) II, III, IV
E) I, II, III, IV
2 The term that pertains to incorporating customer ideas in product design is:
A) TQM
B) CAD
C) QFD
D) Robust design.
E) Reverse engineering
3 Product designs that use computers is referred to as:
A) QFD
B) CED
C) RFD
D) CAD
E) TQM
4 Taking apart a competitor's product to better understand how it operates is:
A) Remanufacturing
B) Concurrent engineering
C) Robust design
D) Illegal
E) None of the above.
5 Which of these is a stage in the life cycle of a product or service?
A) Incubation.
B) Growth.
C) Maturity.
D) Saturation.
E) All of the above are stages.
6 The Taguchi Approach is most closely associated with:
A) Total Quality Management
B) Standardization.
C) Quality function deployment.
D) Robust design.
E) Concurrent engineering.
7 Which one of these is not related to mass customization?
A) Standardization
B) Reverse engineering
C) Delayed differentiation
D) Modular design
E) Manufacturability
8 Remanufacturing means:
A) Reassembling a defective product.
B) Redesigning the layout of the factory.
C) Refurbishing used products.
D) Redesigning the product.
E) Retraining the workers.
9 Basic research, applied research and development are all part of the product life cycle.
A) True
B) False
10 The Uniform Commercial Code specified that a product must be suitable for its intended
purpose.
A) True
B) False
11 The term robust design refers to a product that has exceptional strength.
A) True
B) False
12 The term concurrent engineering refers to bringing engineering and manufacturing personnel
together early in the design phase.
A) True
B) False
13 Modular design is a form of standardization.
A) True
B) False
14 CAD uses computer graphics for product design.
A) True
B) False
15 Quality function deployment is a method of integrating the "voice of the customer" into the
design process.
A) True
B) False
16 Equipment breakdowns is a frequent cause of delayed differentiation.
A) True
B) False
17 Standardized parts are interchangeable parts.
A) True
B) False
18 Designing for disassembly and designing for recycling are nearly synonymous terms.
A) True
B) False
19 The name Taguchi is associated with robust design.
A) True
B) False
20 Recycling is essentially remanufacturing.
A) True
B) False
21 A major consideration in product design is manufacturability.
A) True
B) False
22 Environmental scanning refers to checking environmental regulations before proceeding with
product design.
A) True
B) False
23 The term concurrent engineering refers to bringing engineering and manufacturing personnel
together early in the design phase.
A) True
B) False
24 Delayed differentiation and modular design are two tactics useful for mass customization.
A) True
B) False
25 Quality function deployment is a method of integrating the "voice of the customer" into the
design process.
A) True
B) False
26 Product designs that use computers is referred to as:
A) QFD
B) CAM
C) RFD
D) CAD
E) TQM
27 Which of the following may be a dimension of quality?
A) Performance.
B) Conformance.
C) Reliability.
D) Durability.
E) All may be dimensions of quality.
28 Remanufacturing means:
A) Reassembling a defective product.
B) Redesigning the layout of the factory.
C) Replacing worn out components in products and reselling the products.
D) Redesigning the product.
E) Retraining the workers.
29 One possible disadvantage of modular design is that:
A) Replacement and repair is more difficult.
B) Failure diagnosis is more complex.
C) Number of configurations of modules decreases.
D) Individual parts lose their identities.
E) Inventory problems arise.
30 As part of a strategy for improving competitiveness, a manager may have to initially sacrifice:
A) Research and development
B) Short-term performance
C) Employee pay rises
D) Product or service quality
E) all of the above
31 Service design generally differs from product design in which of the following ways?
A) Service design tends to focus on tangible factors.
B) There is less latitude in detecting and correcting errors prior to delivery.
C) There is a lesser requirement to be aware of competitors' offerings.
D) There is less visibility to customers.
E) None of the above
1 Which one was not listed in the textbook as a reason that organizations fail?
A) Not putting enough emphasis on short-term performance.
B) Neglecting operations strategy.
C) Neglecting investment in capital and human resources.
D) Failure to consider customer wants and needs.
E) Failure to take advantage of strengths
2 Organizational strategies should support
A) the firm's mission
B) functional strategies
C) the firm's tactics
D) operational procedures
E) the firm's employees
3 Which strategies have the Japanese employed since World War II?
A) Low labor cost
B) Scale based strategies
C) Focused factories
D) Flexible factories
E) All of the above.
4 Which formula correctly describes productivity?
A) (Output - Input)/Output
B) (Input - Output)/Input
C) Output/Input
D) Input/Output
5 Which of these best relates to environmental scanning?
A) Pollution control
B) Environmental legislation
C) Scanning the media for upcoming environmental protests
D) Threats and opportunities
E) OSHA inspections
6 An order winner is:
A) the firm that got the order.
B) a superior characteristic.
C) a superior salesperson.
D) a superior customer.
E) the largest order.
7 If inputs decrease while output remains constant, what will happen to productivity?
A) It will increase.
B) It will decrease.
C) It will remain the same.
D) It is impossible to tell.
E) It depends on which input decreases.
8 Order qualifiers refer to:
A) distinctive competencies.
B) minimum standards of acceptability.
C) value added in manufacturing
D) environmental scanning.
E) price competition.
1 The mission of a firm should be designed to support the firm's overall strategy.
A) True
B) False
2 Operations managers measure productivity as the ratio of input to output.
A) True
B) False
3 Increased emphasis on pollution control and the environment has led companies to adopt
an environmental scanning approach.
A) True
B) False
4 Productivity gains can curb inflation.
A) True
B) False
5 Standardizing processes can lead to increased productivity.
A) True
B) False
6 Productivity can be measured only on workers.
A) True
B) False
7 Productivity and efficiency are different names for the same thing.
A) True
B) False
8 A company can compete with other companies manufacturing a similar product only by
reducing its price
A) True
B) False
9 Much of the responsibility for improving productivity rests with management.
A ) True
B) False
10 A time-based strategy may include reducing the time needed to respond to a customer's
complaint.
A) True
B) False
1 The mission of a firm should be designed to support the firm's overall strategy.
A) True
B) False
2 Productivity is the ratio of input to output.
A) True
B) False
3 A company can compete with other companies manufacturing a similar product only by
reducing its price.
A) Tue
B) False
4 Much of the responsibility for improving productivity rests with management.
A) True
B) False
5 Which one of the following is not generally cited as a negative impact on productivity?
A) Government regulations
B) Liability claims
C) Increased emphasis on services
D) Emphasis on short-term performance
E) All are reasons.
6 Which is the correct hierarchy of operations management decisions (highest first)?
A) Operating, tactical, strategic
B) Operating, strategic, tactical
C) Tactical, strategic, operating
D) Strategic, operating, tactical
E) Strategic, tactical, operating
7 Operations strategy is affected by both internal and external factors. Which one of the
following would come under both headings (internal and external)?
A) Competition
B) Technology
C) Suppliers
D) Markets
E) Facilities and equipment
8 A measure of productivity which reflects a combination of some or all of the resources used
to obtain a certain output is:
A) labor productivity
B) machine productivity
C) multi-factor productivity
D) materials productivity
E) overhead productivity
9 Distinctive competencies in organizations generally relate to:
A) price (cost)
B) quality
C) time
D) flexibility
E) all of the above
1 Frederick W. Taylor is generally credited with introducing the moving assembly line.
A)True
B)False
2 Human effort, technology, raw materials, information and time are all examples of the necessary inputs to operations. A)True
B)False
3 Outputs of operations may be classified as goods, raw materials and profits. A)True
B)False
4 It is easier to measure productivity for an operation that provides services than for one that produces goods. A)True
B)False
5 According to the Pareto principle, a relatively few factors are very important in achieving an objective or solving a problem. A)True
B)False
6 Two recent trends in operations management are supply chain management and specialization. A)True
B)False
7 Which one of the following would not generally be considered an aspect of operations management?
A)Schedule work
B)Secure financial resources
C)Maintain quality
D)Oversee the transformation process
E)Manage inventories
8 Which one of these was not mentioned in the list of recent trends in operations management?
A)Total quality management B)Worker involvement C)Global competition. D)Automation. E)Environmental issues. 9 Which came last in the development of manufacturing techniques?
A)Lean production. B)Division of labor. C)Mass production. D)Craft production. E)Interchangeable parts. 10 Which of the following is not a type of operations?
A)goods production
B)storage/transportation
C)entertainment D)communication
E)price reduction
11 Which of the following is not true about a lean production system?
A)It puts emphasis on quality, flexibility, and time reduction. B)It puts emphasis on reducing a company's labor force. C)It is involved in maintaining and improving the system with lower amounts of inventory. D)It uses small production batch sizes. E)It relies on buffers against unforeseen occurrences.
12 Which one of the following is not a typical question dealt with by an operations managers?
A) How much capacity will be needed in the months ahead?
B) What is a satisfactory location for a new facility?
C) Which products/services should be offered?
D) How to motivate employees?
E) All are typical of operations decisions. 13 Which one does not use operations management?
A) A CPA firm. B) A bank. C) A hospital D) A supermarket E) They all use it. 14 Which one is not generally considered to be an advantage of using models for decision making?
A) Providing a systematic approach to problem solving. B) Emphasizing quantitative information. C) Providing an exact representation of reality. D) Enabling managers to answer "what if" questions
E) Requiring users to be specific about objectives. 15 Which came last in the development of manufacturing techniques?
A) Lean production.
B) Division of labor. C) Mass production. D) Craft production. E) Interchangeable parts.
16 The three primary functions of a firm are financial management, operations management, and accounting. A) True
B) False
18 The principal activity in all production operations is to convert inputs into outputs that satisfy consumer wants. A) True
B) False
19 The father of scientific management was Henry Ford. A) True
B) False
20 A model is an abstraction of reality. A) True
B) False
21 It is easier to measure productivity for an operation that provides services than for one that produces goods. A) True
B) False
22 Both inputs and outputs are more uniform for an operation that provides services than for one that produces goods. A) True
B) False
23 The difference between the cost of inputs and the price of outputs is known as value added. A) True
B) False
24 Craft production involves the use of interchangeable parts. A) True
B) False
25 A supply chain is a sequence of organizations that are involved in producing goods and/or producing services. A) True
B) False
26 According to the Pareto principle, a relatively few factors are very important in achieving an objective or solving a problem. A) True
B) False
27 Two recent trends in operations management are flexibility and specialization. A) True
B) False
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28 Mass production is based on the division of labor. A) True
Which of the following forecasting techniques generates trend forecasts?
Delphi method
Weighted moving average
Moving averages
Single exponential smoothing
None of the above
What is the MAD for forecast errors of +4, -2, +1, -1?
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
Which one of these is not an element of a good forecast?
Low cost
In writing
Meaningful units
Timely
Measure of accuracy
Select the statement about moving averages and exponential smoothing that is not true.
Both tend to lag changes in a time series.
Both smooth data.
Both involve fairly simple calculations
Both can be used obtain seasonal index numbers.
Both are easy to interpret.
Data that have large variation will result in:
a low MAD but a high MSE
a high MAD but a low MSE.
a low MAD and a low MSE.
.ESM dna DAM lauqe na
The cumulative forecast error is important for determining the:
Mean squared error.
Bias in forecast error.
Mean absolute deviation.
Control limits.
Of these values, the value of that would track the data most closely is:
0
.01
.10
.20
.30
Who advocated the concept of “zero defects”?
Edwards. Deming
Joseph Juran
Kaoru Ishikawa
Philip Crosby
1960’s - Zero defects championed by Quality Guru Phillip Crosby.
Which of the following is the origin of the term “Poka –Yoke”?
America
China
Spain
Japan
Poka Yoke is the Japanese word for mistake proof.
Which of the following is INCORRECT about TQM?
Meeting the needs and expectations of customers
Primarily a “worker” rather than a management activity
Inclusion of every person in the organization
Covering all the functional areas of the organization
Meeting customer expectations: Knowledge management has historically maintained an inward focus, battling to help a company's employees relate to each other better with the help of diverse new technologies. All the organization should be involved.
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Which of the following refers to the length of time a job is in the shop at a particular workstation?
Job lateness
Job flow time
Make-span
Slack time
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1. Key issues in inspection include where to inspect, how often to inspect and whether to inspect on site or in a lab.
2. Total Quality Management TQM has two important aspects first being problem solving and second being process improvement
3. Sampling Plans specify lot size, sample size, number of samples and acceptance/rejection criteria.
4. Aggregate planning establishes general level of employment, output and inventories for periods of 2 to 12 Months.
5. Master schedule is prepared by desegregating the Aggregate Plan.
6. Inventory levels must be carefully planned in order to balance the Holding Costs of inventory and cost of providing levels of customer service
7. Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) and Economic Production Quantity (EPQ) make use of the same set of assumptions except orders are received incrementally during production. .
8. To be successful MRP requires a computer program, accurate master schedule, bills of material, and inventory data.
9. Manufacturing Resources Planning (MRP II) and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) are natural extensions of MRP, which cover broader scopes as well as Supply Chain Managements.
10. Process Layouts group similar activities into departments or other work centers.
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11. Fixed Position Layouts are used when size, fragility, cost or other factors make it undesirable or impractical to move a product through a system.
12. The design of work systems involves job design, work measurements and compensation
13. The primary location options available to an existing organization include expanding the existing location, move to a new location, maintain existing facilities while adding additional facility or do nothing.
14. Most organizations are influenced by location of raw materials, labor supply, market considerations, community related factors, site related factors and climate.
15. ISO 9000 and ISO 14000 represent quality standards and environment standards respectively.
16. Two basic tools of process control are control charts and run tests.
17. The decision to shift or convert from Traditional Manufacturing System to Just in Time or Lean Systems could be sequential in order to help management have better control, first hand learning experience and more time for conversion from one system type to another.
18. The ultimate goal of a Just in Time System is to achieve a balanced, smooth flow of production.
19. Logistics involve movement of materials to and from the organization including shipment and distribution.
20. Electronic Data Interchange has increased productivity and accuracy in Supply Chain Management Systems.
21. Eliminating the disruptions and making the system flexible are __________goals of the JIT. (supporting)
22. Incremental Holding Cost incurred by using slower alternative is computed through Incremental Holding Cost =________________.( H*(d/365) )
23. One of the basic elements of the Supply Chain Management is ____________ for evaluating suppliers and supporting operations.( purchasing)
24. CPFR stands for______________________________.(Collaborative Planning Forecasting and Replacement)
25. ________________reflects company’s efforts to achieve response from EDI and bar codes.(Efficient Consumer Response(ECR) )
26. The rate at which inventory goes through the supply chain is ____________(Inventory velocity)
27. In ____________we establish the timing of the use of equipment, facilities and human activities in an organization.( Scheduling)
28. Scheduling for high-volume flow system is referred to as _______________.(Flow-shop Scheduling)
29. ____________ is used as a visual aid for loading and scheduling.(Gantt chart)
30. Executive responsibilities, project selection, project manager selection, and organizational structure are major administrative issues of _(Project Management)__.
PRACTICE EXAM 1. All of the following statements concerning shortage costs are true except
a) shortage costs can relate to temporary, as well as permanent, loss of sales
b) shortage costs are many times just educated guesses
c) shortage costs increase as carrying costs increase
d) shortage costs decrease as inventory on hand increases
e) all of the above are true
(Answer: c)
{Text on pages 458 – 459 in the section on Inventory Costs and the lecture in the section
on Inventory Costs: The first two statements are true. Shortages can result in a temporary
loss of sale (a backorder) if the customer is willing to wait or the loss of sale can be
permanent. The shortage costs are notoriously difficult to estimate involving things like
loss of customer good will. Statement (c) is false since increasing carrying costs result
from larger inventories which means that shortages would be less likely, not more likely.
This would decrease shortage costs, which makes statement (d) the only correct
statement.}
2. Which of the following statements concerning the basic EOQ model is true?
a) a decrease in demand will increase the EOQ value
b) if an actual order quantity is smaller than the EOQ the annual holding cost is
less than the annual ordering cost
c) an increase in holding cost will increase the EOQ value
d) as annual ordering costs increase, so do annual carrying costs
e) none of the above statements are true
(Answer: b)
{Text on pages 464-467 in the section on The Basic EOQ Model and the lecture in the
section on The Basic EOQ Model: Statement (a) is false because a decrease in demand
will result in less need for inventory and a lower order quantity. Statement (b) is true
because if the actual order quantity is smaller than the EOQ that means that we are
ordering more often than we should be and carrying less inventory than we should. Thus,
the annual holding costs will be low and the annual ordering costs will be high. Statement
(c) is false because an increase in the holding costs will make it more costly to hold
inventory and therefore reduce the quantity ordered to reduce the average inventory
levels. Statement (d) is also false because annual order costs and annual carrying costs
vary inversely, as one increases the other decreases.}
3. The basis for the ABC classification system in determining which inventory items should
receive the greatest control is
a) the size of the inventory of each item
b) the rate of turnover of each item
c) the demand for each item
d) the annual dollar usage of each item
(Answer: d)
{Text on page 462 in the section on The ABC Classification System and the lecture in the
section on The ABC Classification System: The basis for the ABC classification is the annual
dollar usage of each item which is the annual usage of an item multiplied by its unit cost.}
4. Which of the following are differences between periodic inventory and continuous inventory
systems?
a) Continuous inventory systems are time phased while periodic inventory systems are
not
b) Periodic inventory systems have regular order times while continuous inventory
systems have irregular order times
c) Periodic inventory systems have regular order quantities while continuous inventory
systems have irregular order quantities
d) none of the above
(Answer: b)
{Text on pages 459-462 in the sections on Continuous Inventory Systems and Periodic
Inventory Systems: Statement (a) is false since the periodic inventory systems are time
phased, i.e. orders are replaced every certain time period. Statement (b) is true because
periodic system order at predictable intervals while continuous systems can order at
different times depending on how much demand occurs. If demand is somewhat light it
may take a little longer to reach the reorder point and trigger an order than if demand is
somewhat heavier. Statement (c) is false because, although they may order at irregular
intervals, continuous system always place an order for the same amount (usually the
EOQ) while the order quantities in periodic systems may vary depending on demand
during the period between orders.}
5. The XYZ firm is using a continuous inventory quantity system and is currently ordering 500
units every time an order is placed. Their annual order costs are $800 and their annual carrying
costs are $400. To minimize their total annual inventory costs the firm should
a) reduce the order quantity so that it is less than 500 units
b) increase the order quantity so that it is greater than 500 units
c) leave the order quantity at 500 units since it is the optimal order quantity
d) use a periodic inventory system to reduce costs
(Answer: b)
{Text on pages 464-467 in the section on The Basic EOQ Model and the lecture in the section
on The Basic EOQ Model: If the firm’s annual order costs are higher than their annual carrying
costs then them are placing orders too often and carrying too little inventory. For the lowest costs
they should order less often in larger quantities, i.e., the EOQ must be greater than 500 units so
they should increase their order quantity.}
6. A fixed time between orders and a variable order quantity are characteristics of a
a) continuous inventory system
b) two-bin system
c) periodic inventory system
d) MRP system
(Answer: c)
{Text on pages 459-461 in the section on Inventory Control Systems: A periodic inventory
system is one in which orders are placed at regular time intervals, usually depending on vendor
deliveries, but the quantity ordered can vary depending on demand during the time between
orders.}
7. For a company with an average daily demand of 38 units with a standard deviation of 4 units,
an average lead time of 13 days, and a 95% service level, which of the following statements is
true?
a) the reorder point is about 518 units
b) the reorder point is about 494 units
c) the reorder point is about 522 units
d) the safety stock is about 96 units
(Answer: a)
{Text on pages 477-479 in the section on Reorder Points with Variable Demand and the
lecture in the section on Reorder Point with Variable Demand: When demand is variable, the
reorder point is the average demand during lead time plus safety stock to protect against a
stockout during the lead time period. The equation is
R = L + z
For a 95% service level the z value is 1.65 and the result is
R = (38)(13) + (1.65)( )
= 494 +
23.796638418
1 = 518}
Carrying Cost: $11.25/unit/per/yr
Ordering Cost: $55/order
Demand: 15 units/week
Note: The current order quantity is 94 units. Assume 50 weeks per year
8. Using the data above, which of the following statements concerning the current order quantity
and EOQ quantity are true? (Note: round EOQ value to nearest whole number)
a) the EOQ is 7,333 units
b) the ordering cost for the EOQ is $483.75
c) the current order quantity is too small to minimize total inventory costs
d) the carrying cost for the current order quantity is $528.75
(Answer: d)
{Text on pages 464-467 in the section on The Basic EOQ Model and the lecture in the
section on The Basic EOQ Model: The equation for the EOQ model is
Qopt =
The total cost equations is
TCmin = +
In this case statement (a) is false because
Qopt =
=
85.634
883857
8 = 86
Statement (b) is also false because the annual order costs for the optimal quantity are
=
=
$479.65
Statement (c) is also false because the current order quantity is actually larger than the
optimum EOQ. Statement (d) is true since the carrying costs of the current order quantity
can be calculated as
C
=
= 528.75}
Carrying Cost: $0.50/unit/per/yr
Ordering Cost: $100/order
Demand: 10,000 units/year
Daily Production Rate 80 units
Daily Demand Rate 60 units
9. Using the data above and the EOQ model with noninstantaneous receipt, which of the
following statements is true?
a) the optimum order quantity is 2000
b) the ordering cost is $275
c) the total inventory cost is $500
d) the maximum amount of inventory on hand is 2500 units
(Answer: c)
{Text on pages 468-469 in the section on The EOQ Model with Noninstantaneous
Receipt and the lecture in the section on The EOQ Model with Noninstantaneous
Receipt: Statement (a) is false because the optimum order quantity for the EOQ model
with noninstantaneous receipt is calculated as
Qopt =
Or
Qopt =
= 4000
Statement (b) is also false. The annual ordering costs can be calculated as
or
Statement (c) is true because the annual carrying costs are
or
so that the total annual inventory costs are the sum of the annual ordering costs and the
annual carrying costs or $250.00 + $250.00 = $500.00
Statement (d) is false because the maximum inventory can be computed as
or
}
10. A periodic inventory system requires a larger safety stock than a continuous inventory
system.
a) True
b) False
(Answer: a)
{Text on pages 479-480 in the section on Order Quantity for a Periodic Inventory
System: Since stockouts can occur during the time between orders, since inventories are
not monitored, a larger safety stock is normally required than in a continuous system.
This can also be seen in the safety stock formulas:
Continuous system
z
Periodic system
z
As can be seen, for the same service level and standard deviation, the safety stock in a
periodic system will be larger by a factor of }
11. The basic EOQ model is quite sensitive to errors in the estimates of the inventory costs.
a) True
b) False
(Answer: b)
{Text on page 467: Because the optimal order quantity is computed by a square root,
errors in the cost parameters and in demand tend to be dampened making the model quite
robust. For example, if one of the cost estimates is 30% too high then the resulting order
quantity will vary by under 10%.}
12. Scanners used in grocery stores are part of a periodic Inventory system.
a) True
b) False
(Answer: b)
{Text on page 460 in the section on Continuous Inventory Systems: Very sophisticated
continuous inventory systems are operated by many retail stores where scanners read the
bar code on the package and instantly update the inventory records for that item.
Management has real time information on the status of all inventory levels.}
13. In practice, it is acceptable to round the quantity obtained with the EOQ formula to the
nearest whole number.
a) True
b) False
(Answer: a)
{ Text on page 467: In practice, it is acceptable to round the order quantities off to the
nearest whole number. Since the total cost curve is quite flat in the region of the EOQ
value, slight deviations from the optimal quantity have very little impact on total
inventory costs.}
14. If the optimal order quantity or any of the inventory costs change in a continuous inventory
system, the reorder point must be recalculated.
a) True
b) False
(Answer: b)
{The order quantity and the reorder point are totally independent in a continuous
inventory system. To see this consider the equation for the reorder point:
R = L + z
Notice that none of the inventory costs appear in the equation nor does the order quantity.
Stockout costs are factored into the equation implicitly via the service level; the higher
the stockout costs the higher the service level should be.}
15. Shortage costs vary inversely with carrying costs; as carrying costs increase, shortage costs
decrease.
a) True
b) False
(Answer: a)
{Text on page 459 in the section on Inventory Costs: Shortages result because carrying
inventory is costly. As a result shortage costs have an inverse relationship to carrying
costs. As the amount of inventory on hand increases, the carrying costs increase but
shortage costs will decrease because there will be fewer opportunities for stockouts.}
PRACTICE EXAM
1. Economies of scale hold when
a) construction costs do not increase linearly with output levels
b) production efficiency increases as workers gain experience
c) quantity discounts are available for material purchases
d) all of the above
(Answer: d)
{Text on page 395: Economies of scale hold when fixed costs can be spread over a larger
number of units, when construction costs do not increase linearly with output levels,
when quantity discounts are available for materials and when production efficiency
increases are workers gain experience.}
2. Which of the following companies follows a pure chase strategy of aggregate planning?
a) Hershey’s
b) Nordstrom’s
c) Ford
d) Mars Inc.
(Answer: a)
{Text on page 402: Hershey’s is a good example of a situation where a chase strategy fits
well with the needs of the workforce. Hershey’s hires idle farmers in the winter months
when demand is high and then lets them return to farming full time in the summer months
when demand for chocolate is low.}
3. A chase demand strategy should be followed when
a) worker skill qualifications are high
b) unemployment rates are low
c) inventory costs are high
d) all of the above
(Answer: c)
{Text on page 398 in the section on Adjusting Capacity to Meet Demand and the
Lecture in the section on Strategies for Meeting Demand: A chase strategy should not
be pursued when worker skill qualifications are high because hiring and firing workers
will soon make them difficult to find. Similarly, hiring and firing workers is not a good
strategy when workers are scarce because of low unemployment rates. However, a chase
strategy is a very good strategy when inventory costs are high since this strategy
minimizes inventory levels.}
4. Which of the following aggregate planning techniques guarantees an optimal solution?
a) linear programming
b) search decision rule
c) trial and error with a spreadsheet
d) management coefficients model
(Answer: a)
{Text on pages 405 through 408 and the lecture in the section on General Linear
Programming Model. The linear programming method guarantees an optimal solution to
the problem provided the assumptions of the method are satisfied. The search decision
rule searches for a good solution but cannot guarantee that it has found the best one. The
quality of the solution using a trial and error approach depends on the quality of the
alternatives tested by the managers and certainly cannot guarantee the best solution. The
management coefficients method simply represents a regression model of past decisions
and therefore cannot guarantee the optimum solution.}
5. All of the following statements concerning the characteristics of aggregate planning for
services is true except
a) most services cannot be inventoried
b) demand is difficult to predict
c) capacity is easy to predict
d) labor is the most constraining resource
e) all of the above statements are true
(Answer: c)
{Text on pages 416-417 in the section on Aggregate Planning for Services and the
Lecture in the section on Aggregate Planning for Services: It is true that most services
cannot be inventoried which removes one of the possible options in aggregate planning. It
is also true that demand is often difficult to predict in services because demand variations
occur frequently and are often severe. It is also true that labor is the most constraining
resource in services because services tend to be labor intensive. However, it is not easy to
predict capacity requirements in services because of the variety of services offered and
the individualized nature of many of these services.}
6. All of the following statements concerning level production are true except
a) level production strategy sets production at a fixed rate
b) the main costs of level production involve hiring and firing
c) level production strategy uses inventory to absorb variations in demand
d) all of the above statements are true
(Answer: b)
{Text on page 398 in the section on Adjusting Capacity to Meet Demand and the
Lecture in the section on Strategies for Meeting Demand: The level production strategy
produces at a constant rate by definition. This strategy also uses inventory to absorb
variations in demand. However, since production is at a fixed rate, hiring and firing are
not necessary and so these costs are not involved.}
Quarter Forecast
1 80,000
2 120,000
3 90,000
4 100,000
Hiring Cost $100 per worker
Firing Cost $150 per worker
Inventory Carrying Cost $5 per unit
Production Per Employee 1000 units per/qtr
Beginning Work Force 100 workers
7. Using the data above, which of the following statements is true if the company maintains a
level production strategy?
a) the total number of units inventoried for the 4 quarters is 40,000 units
b) the cost of the level production plan is $18,000
c) there are 12,500 units inventoried in quarter 3
d) a work force of 14 workers is maintained during the 4th
quarter period
e) more than one statement above is true
(Answer: a)
{Text on pages 403–404 in the section on APP Using Pure Strategies and Mixed
Strategies and the lecture in the section on Aggregate Production Planning by Trial and Error:
Given the forecasts and a total of 100 workers initially the following situation results
Forecast Production Workers Hiring Firing Inventory
Qtr 1 80,000 100,000 100 0 0 20,000
Qtr 2 110,000 100,000 100 0 0 10,000
Qtr 3 100,000 100,000 100 0 0 10,000
Qtr 4 110,000 100,000 100 0 0 0
The total cost of this plan is $200,000 so that option b is false. There are only 10,000
units inventories in quarter 3 so that option c is false and there are 100 workers in the
4th
quarter making option d false. The only true statement is a in that there are a total of
40,000 units inventoried over the four quarters.}
Quarter Forecast
1 7,000
2 15,000
3 40,000
4 380,000
Hiring Cost $200 per worker
Firing Cost $350 per worker
Inventory Carrying Cost $0.30 per unit
Production Per Employee 500 units per/qtr
Beginning Work Force 50 workers
8. A company wishes to develop a linear programming model that will satisfy demand at a
minimum cost. Using the data above, which of the following statements contains the correct
formulation of the workforce constraint for quarter 4 for this problem?
a) W4 - W3 + H4 - F3 = 0
b) W4 - W3 - H3 - F3 = 0
c) W4 - W3 + H3 + F3 = 0
d) W4 - W3 - H4 + F4 = 0
e) none of the above
(Answer: d)
{Text on pages 405 – 408 in the section on General Linear Programming Model and the
Lecture in the section on General Linear Programming Model: The workforce constraint for
each quarter is that the total number of workers in that quarter must be equal to the number of
workers in the previous quarter plus the number of workers hired minus the number of workers
fired. In the fourth quarter:
W4 = W3 + H4 – F4
Or
W4 - W3 - H4 + F4 = 0}
9. In production planning, the level of detail from highest to lowest is
a) master production schedule, aggregate plan, material requirements plan
b) aggregate plan, material requirements plan, master production schedule
c) aggregate plan, master production schedule, material requirements plan
d) material requirements plan, master production schedule, aggregate plan
(Answer: c)
{Text on page pages 414-415 in the section on Hierarchical Planning Process and the
lecture in the section on Hierarchical Planning Process: The correct order is from the
aggregate plan which is then disaggregated into specific products as part of the master
production scheduling process. The master production schedules then determine the
requirements for materials and drive the material requirements planning process.}
10. The linear decision rule for aggregate planning is based on the assumption that production
costs are linear.
a) True
b) False
(Answer: b)
{Text on page 412 in the section on Other Quantitative Techniques: The linear
decision rule soles a set of four quadratic questions that describe the major decisions
involved in the aggregate planning problem. The cost functions are quadratic rather than
linear.}
11. Some industries maintain a negative capacity cushion.
a) True
b) False
(Answer: a)
{Text on page 394: Some industries such as the airlines practice overbooking which is
essentially a negative capacity cushion}
12. The capacity lag strategy is the most moderate of the strategies and the least conservative.
a) True
b) False
(Answer: b)
{Text on page 393 and the lecture in the section on Capacity Planning: The capacity lag
strategy increases capacity only after an increase in demand has been documented. This
conservative strategy produces a higher return on investment but may lose customers in
the process. It is used in industries with standard products and cost-based or weak
competition. The strategy assumes that lost customers will return from competitors after
capacity has expanded.}
13. The costs involved in using a chase strategy are mainly in holding inventory, including the
cost of obsolete or perishable items that may have to be discarded.
a) True
b) False
(Answer: b)
{Text on page 397-401 and the lecture in the section on Strategies for Meeting
Demand: The chase strategy attempts to track demand exactly so that inventories are
minimized. If executed properly there will be no inventory at all.}
14. The aggregate planning problem is purely a manufacturing problem and should be solved by
manufacturing personnel.
a) True
b) False
(Answer: b)
{Text on page 396-397: The aggregate production plan should not be determined by
manufacturing personnel alone; rather it should be agreed upon by top management from
all the functional areas of the firm.}
15. Diseconomies of scale occur when a company has too little capacity.
a) True
b) False
(Answer: b)
{Text on page 395 and the lecture in the section on Capacity Planning: Diseconomies of
scale occur when volumes become so large that coordination and management activities
become difficult.}
PRACTICE EXAM
1. Forecasting cannot be done with perfect accuracy if which of the following patterns exists?
a) trend variation
b) seasonal variation
c) random variation
d) cycle variation
e) all of the variations listed can be handled with perfect accuracy
(Answer: c)
{Text on page 338 in the section on Demand Behavior and the Lecture in the section
on Demand Behavior: Random variations are movements that are not predictable and
follow no pattern. Therefore, since they are not predictable, it is not possible to forecast
perfectly if there are random variations (almost always the case). The other components
listed can all be calculated in one way or another.}
2. A linear trend line for 12 months of data is y = 339.02 + 23.96x. What is the forecast
for the next period?
a) 626.51
b) 650.50
c) 339.02
d) 362.98
(Answer: b)
{Text on pages 352-353 in the section on Linear Trend Line and the Lecture in the
section on Linear Trend Line: Forecasting with the linear trend model is simply a matter
of plugging in the appropriate value for the time period into the equation
y = a + bx
In this case the value of x is 13 (the next month) and
y = 339.02 + 23.96(13)
y = 650.5}
3. If the cumulative error for a forecasting model is large and negative, then
a) the model has been forecasting too low
b) subjective adjustments have been made to the forecasts
c) regression analysis has been used
d) the model has been forecasting too high
e) none of the above
(Answer: d)
{Text on page 359 in the section on Cumulative Error and the Lecture in the section
on Cumulative Error: The forecast error is the difference between the actual demand and
the forecast (Dt - Ft). The cumulative error is the sum of these errors. If the forecast error
is negative, then the forecast is larger than demand. Thus, if the cumulative error is large
and negative, the forecasts have been consistently high.}
4. A linear regression model indicates there is a high correlation between the percentage
of unemployment in a specific area and the demand for a certain product. If the
correlation coefficient is -.843., what is the coefficient of determination?
a) -.843
b) .711
c) 34.95%
d) .9182
e) none of the above
(Answer: b)
{Text on page 369 in the section on Correlation and the Lecture in the section
on Correlation: The coefficient of determination is the square of the correlation
coefficient or r2 = (-.843)(-.843) = 0.710649 = .711}
5. Changing the smoothing constant in a simple exponential smoothing model from .2 to
.5 would make
a) the forecasts more variable
b) no difference in the forecasts
c) the forecasts slower to respond to changes in demand
d) the equation invalid
(Answer: a)
{Text on page 347 in the section on Exponential Smoothing: The larger the value of the
smoothing coefficient, the more the forecast reacts to changes in demand. This means
that the forecasts will be less "smooth" or more variable. If the changes in demand are
only because of random variation, then this will make the forecasts more inaccurate
because of the increased variability.}
6. Which of the following is not a use of short-to-medium term forecasts according to the
lecture?
a) determine how much inventory is needed
b) determine how much material to purchase from suppliers.
c) plan and develop production and service facilities.
d) determine transportation needs, distribution and warehouse locations, and
staffing levels.
(Answer: c)
{Lecture in the section on Supply Chain Management: According to the lecture, short-
to-medium term forecasts are used to determine how much inventory is needed, how
much product to make, how much material to purchase from suppliers, and to determine
transportation needs, distribution and warehouse locations, and staffing levels. Planning
and developing actual production and service facilities requires longer range forecasting
because of the lag time in building these facilities.}
7. When using the exponential smoothing forecasting method, if alpha = 1.0, the next
forecast will be
a) the same as the previous forecast
b) the same as the most recent sales value
e) greater than the previous forecast
d) less than the previous forecast
(Answer: b)
(Text on page 347 in the section on Exponential Smoothing and the Lecture in the
section on Exponential Smoothing Exponential Smoothing: The formula for the
exponential smoothing model is
Ft + 1 = Dt + (1 - )Ft
Substituting in 1.0 for alpha gives
Ft + 1 = 1Dt + (1 - 1)Ft = Dt
Thus in using an alpha value of one the forecast will be equal to the most recent sales
value. Therefore, an exponential smoothing model with a smoothing coefficient of 1.0 is
equivalent to the naïve or intuitive forecasting method.}
Table 1
Month Sales($000)
January 42
February 49
March 59
April 39
May 56
June 59
July 50
August 49
September 50
October 53
November
8. Using the data in Table 1, what is the forecast for November if a 3-month moving
average is used?
a) 50.60
b) 53.00
c) 50.67
d) 51.00
(Answer: c)
{Text on pages 343 – 344 in the section on Moving Average and the Lecture in the
section on Moving Average: The moving average forecast is the simple average of a
certain number of periods (3 months in this case). The following table illustrates the
moving average for each of the months in Table 1:
Month Sales($000) Moving Average
January 42
February 49
March 59
April 39 50.00
May 56 49.00
June 59 51.33
July 50 51.33
August 49 55.00
September 50 52.67
October 53 49.67
November 50.67
}
Table 2
Period Sales Forecast Error
1 250.1 255.1 -5.0
2 268.1 254.6 13.5
3 254.9 256.0 -1.1
4 261.3 255.9 5.4
5 245.3 256.3 -11.0
6 255.3
9. Using the data in Table 2, what is the MAPD?
a) -14%
b) 2.81%
c) 13.58
d) 4.488
(Answer: b)
{Text on page 358 in the section on Mean Absolute Deviation and the Lecture in the
section on Mean Absolute Percent Deviation: The mean absolute percent deviation
(MAPD) measures the absolute error as a percentage of demand. It is computed by
dividing the MAD by the total demand for the periods used in the forecast. The
114 114. In the absence of enough time, ________ forecasts are preferred.
· Qualitative
· Quantitative
· Naïve forecasts
· None of the given options
115 115. ___________ are based on samples taken from potential customers.
· Executive opinion
· Consumer surveys
· Delphi method
· All of the given options
116 116. Which of the following activities is unnecessary ,when an
organization decides to design its new product or service or refi design its
existing product or service:
a Translate customer wants and needs into product and service requirements
b Refine existing products and services
c Develop new products and services
d Manage the purchasing activities religiously and diligently.
117 117. While focusing on capacity planning, organizations look for which of
the following alternatives.
a. How much will it cost
b. How much holidays the workers can enjoy.
c. How much compensation they need to pay to their CEO.
d. None of the above
118. Which of the following is not one of the assumptions for Cost Volume
Analysis
e. One product is not involved
f. Everything produced can be sold
g. Variable cost per unit is the same regardless of volume
h. Fixed costs do not change with volume
119. Which of the following does not fall under Economic Production
Quantity ( EPQ)
i. Only two or more item are involved
j. Annual demand is known
k. Usage rate is constant
l. Usage occurs continually
120. Advantages of Process Layout Include
m. Equipment used is less costly
n. Low unit cost.
o. Labor specialization.
p. Low material handling cost
121. Common types of Operations include
q. Continuous Processing.
r. Intermittent Processing.
s. Automation
t. All of the above
122.System performance is measured by
u. Average number of customers being refused service
v. Average time customers wait
w. System utilization
x. b and c.
123. Inventory carrying costs are influenced by:
y. Order Quantity in Units
z. Holding carrying cost per unit.
aa. Demand
bb. a and b only.
124. Bar coding helps in determining the :
cc. Status of the inventory of an item in warehouse
dd. Price of the product
ee. Size of the lot as well as the size and specifications of the product
ff. All of the above
125. Therbligs are basic elemental motions which include:
gg. Search
hh. Select
ii. Throw
jj. a and b only
CHAPTER 10 FACILITY LAYOUT
1. Which of the following is not a mark of a good layout in manufacturing?
A. straight line flow pattern (or adaptation) B. predictable production time C. bottleneck operations
D. work stations close together E. open plant floors (high visibility)
2. Which of the following is also referred to as a layout by function? A. Process layout B. Product layout
C. Group technology layout D. Fixed-position layout E. Assembly line
3. A flow shop layout is often referred to as a: A. Process layout
B. Product layout C. Group technology layout D. Fixed-position layout
E. Batch process
4. According to the authors, when balancing an assembly line, it is best to start by: A. determining the required cycle time. B. computing the minimum number of work stations.
C. drawing a precedence diagram. D. establishing rules by which tasks are to be assigned to work stations. E. assigning tasks to individual work stations.
Use the following information for the next 3 questions. An assembly line operated 7.5 hours per day and produces 400 units per day. Following are the tasks that are performed with their performance time (SEC) and preceding
tasks. 5. Compute the required cycle time.
A. 1.125 seconds B. 53.3 seconds C. 67.5 seconds
D. 7.5 hours E. 62 seconds
6. What is the theoretical minimum number of work stations if the required cycle time is 62 seconds? A. 2.29
B. 69.75 C. 2.08 D. 3.29
E. 3.02
7. If the required cycle time is 62 seconds, which of the following assignment rules will result in the lowest number of work stations? A. Primary Rule: Most followers with secondary rule: longest operating time.
B. Primary Rule: Longest operating time with secondary rule: most followers. C. Both rules result in an equal number of work stations. D. Not enough information is available to make a determination
E. Neither rule results in a cycle time of 62 seconds. 8. If the required cycle time is 62 seconds, what is the efficiency of this balance using
the most followers as the primary rule and the longest operating time as the secondary rule? A. .80
B. .83 C. .82 D. .75
E. .77 9. According to the authors, possible answers to unequal work station times may be:
I. flexible line layouts II. U shaped assembly line
III. L shaped assembly lines IV. fixed location layouts
A. I and II only B. I and III only C. I, II, and IV only
D. I, III, and IV only E. I, II, III, and IV
10. Compute the required cycle time for a company which operates two identical production lines for 7.5 hours a day with a demand of 16,225 items per week (assume a five day work week.)
A. .1387 minutes B. .0277 minutes C. .0046 minutes
D. .2800 minutes E. .5600 minutes
11. All of the following are inputs to the facility layout decision EXCEPT: A. specifying system output and flexibility objectives. B. identifying bottleneck work stations.
C. estimating system demand. D. determine the number of operations and flows between departments. E. determining space availability.
12. When similar equipment or functions are grouped together the type of layout is referred to as a:
A. product layout.
B. fixed-position layout. C. process layout.
D. cellular layout. E. none of the above.
13. A shipyard is an example of a: A. process layout. B. product layout.
C. group technology layout. D. fixed-position layout. E. none of the above.
14. CRAFT is a computerized layout program meaning: A. Computerized Relative Allocation of Facilities Technique.
B. Computerized Research Assessment of Facility Technology. C. Computerized Relationships Among Factory Technology. D. Computerized Relative Attributes of Facility Training.
E. Computer Research About Facility Techniques. 15. Which of the following are CRAFT inputs?
I. a load matrix II. a distance matrix
III. cost-per-unit distance traveled A. I only
B. II only C. III only D. I and II only
E. I, II and III 16. The time between successive units coming off the end of the line is known as the:
A. makespan time. B. throughput time. C. value added time.
D. cycle time. E. assembly time.
17. An assembly line consisting of five work stations has a cycle time of 120 seconds. The total time required to complete all tasks is 480 seconds. The efficiency of this line as it is currently balanced is
A. 20% B. 25% C. 80%
D. 100% E. 125%
Which of the following refers to the cost associated with the order of
inventory and its receipt?
Select correct option:
Ordering cost
Holding cost Shortage cost
Stock out cost
Demand options are focused on which of the following? Select correct option:
Hiring / layoff options Backorders
Subcontracting
Matching demand period by period
Which of the following is a technique for fitting a line to a set of points?
Select correct option:
Regression
Trend Cycle
Moving average
Refer to the percentage of items in group A of ABC classification system for
inventory management Select correct option:
10%
50%
70%
30%
Which one of the following is concerned in short term capacity needs?
Select correct option:
Cycle
Trends Seasonality
Average
Explanation:Short term capacity decisions refer to seasonal, random or
irregular variations in demand
Which of the following is an example of an output of aggregate planning?
Select correct option:
Facilities layout
Demand forecast Projected inventory
Overtime cost
Which of the following forecasting techniques induce personal bias in a forecast?
Select correct option:
Qualitative
Quantitative
Associative
Trend forecast
Six Sigma is primarily centered towards all of the following except:
Select correct option:
Cost cutting Continuous improvement
Time saving
Quality improvement
Ref:Six Sigma Programs are always directed towards quality improvement,
cost cutting and time saving.(Page no.114)
Which of the following is NOT an assumption of EOQ model? Select correct option:
Delivery lead time does not vary
Annual demand requirements are known
There are no quantity discounts
Multiple products are involved
Ref: Single product is involved in EOQ model.
Which of the following is determined by the Lot Tolerance Percent Defective? Select correct option:
The lower limit on the percent of defects that the consumer is willing to accept
The upper limit on the percent of defects that the consumer is willing to accept
The middle limit on the percent of defects that the consumer is willing to accept
The total percent of defects that the consumer is willing to accept
Which one of the following refers to the length of time needed to complete a job?
Select correct option:
Work sampling methods
Work measurement Job design
Methods analysis
Ref provided by Banjara: Work Measurement determines how long it should
take to do a job(page 90)
Robustness of a product is ___________related with the probability of
failure. Select correct option:
Directly Inversely
Linearly
Positively
Ref:Robustness is the ability of a system to provide accurate predictions
given some degree of noise present in data.
Maintaining quality is the responsibility of ____ in the organization. Select correct option:
Operations Department Top Management
Quality Control Department
Everyone
Which of the following are dimensions of service quality Except: Select correct option:
Assurance Responsiveness
Intangibles
Reliability
Ref:Service Quality
Tangibles
Convenience
Reliability
Responsiveness
Time
Assurance
Courtesy
Which one of the following manufacturing process is associated with high
volume car manufacture? Select correct option:
Job shop
Assembly line
Batch
Automation
Read more about all manufacturing process
_______________ is the bringing together of engineering design and
manufacturing personnel early in the design phase. Select correct option:
Reverse engineering Concurrent engineering
Manufacturability
Serviceability
Increase in inspection results in the increase of which cost?
Select correct option:
Prevention costs
Appraisal costs Inspection costs
Rework costs
Manufacturability is the ease of fabrication and/or assembly which is
important for: Select correct option:
Cost and Productivity Productivity and Quality
Cost and Quality
Cost, productivity and Quality
Explanation:Manufacturability means the ease of fabrication or assembly of a
product as it directly affects cost, quality and productivity.
Following are all examples of distinctive competencies EXCEPT; Select correct option:
Price Quality
Planning
Flexibility
Ref:The special attributes or abilities that give an organization a competitive
Generally most of the values in control charts fall within which range of
standard deviation? Select correct option:
+/- 1 +/- 3
+/- 4
+/- 5
Ref:Theoretically any value is possible as the distribution extends to infinity.
And 99.7% of all values will be within+3standard deviations.(Slide No.27)
Generally an Operations Manager should NOT inspect the process for defects_______.
Select correct option:
Before the supply of finished goods
Before a costly operation Before manufacturing high volume products
Before purchasing raw material
ABC organization, actively engaged in continuous improvements, trains its work teams to use the PDCA for problem solving. The documentation of
process by analyzing data, setting of qualitative goals comes in which of the
following stage of PDCA? Select correct option:
Plan
Do
Check
Act
Reference:PLAN STAGE
ØStudy & Document the existing process.
ØCollect data to identify problems.
ØSurvey data and develop a plan for improvement.
ØSpecify measures for evaluating the plan.
Which chart is used for controlling the proportion of defective products / service generated by the process?
Select correct option: p-chart
c-chart R-chart
X- chart
Which of the following is determined by the Lot Tolerance Percent Defective?
Select correct option:
The lower limit on the percent of defects that the consumer is willing to
accept The upper limit on the percent of defects that the consumer is willing to
accept
The middle limit on the percent of defects that the consumer is willing to
accept The total percent of defects that the consumer is willing to accept
The process selection should take into account all of the following EXCEPT: Select correct option:
Capacity planning Design of work systems
Production forecasts
Selection of technology
Ref:Process Selection refers to the way an organization chooses to produce its good or services. It takes into account selection of technology, capacity
planning, layout of facilities, and design of work systems.(Page no77)
Characteristics like taste, feel, expertise, image or reputation relates to ---------.
Select correct option: Subjective inputs
Objective inputs Quantitative technique
None of the given options
Which one of the following refers to inventory turnover?
Select correct option: A ratio of cost of goods sold to the average inventory investment
A ratio of work in process to the average inventory investment A ratio of cost of carrying cost to the average inventory investment
A ratio of cost of assets to the average inventory investment
Reference:Inventory turnover = Cost of goods sold / Average Inventory
Capacity options are usually of ________range in nature
Select correct option: Short
Long
Intermediate
Periodical Explanation:Demand options are short range in nature while Capacity
optionsare long duration (term or range). Which of the following is NOT considered while calculating the safety stock
level? Select correct option:
Order level Stock-out cost
Holding cost
Demand variation
Ref:Safety Stock - Stock that is held in excess of expected demand due to variable demand rate and/or lead time.
Cycle time for the economic run time is a function of which of the following? Select correct option:
Run time and usage rate Run time and production rate
Run size and production rate
Run size and usage rat
Ref:The Run time (the production phase of the cycle) is a function of the run size and production rate.
In the “Check” stage, team analyzes the data collected during the __ stage to find out how closely the results correspond to the specifications of __
stage. Select correct option:
Do, Plan
Plan, Do Do, Check
Plan, Check
Rationale:In Do stage weimplement the plan on a small scale. And in PLAN
stage we survey data and develop a plan for improvement. Which of the following is a difference of service organizations as compared to
Manufacturing organization are more specialized then service organizations Manufacturing firms have more variety then service organizations.
Service firms are more flexible then manufacturing organizations
Manufacturing decisions are made by maximizing the profit potential
Which of the following is not a basic process flow structure?
A) WorkCenter
B) Mass Attack
C) Assembly Line
D) Project Layout
E) Continuous Process
Feedback: B is the correct answer.
The type of processing structure that is used to produce gasoline, chemicals, and drugs is:
A) WorkCenter
B) Batch
C) Assembly Line
D) Project Layout
E) Continuous Process
Feedback: E is the correct answer. Job shop produces low standardized products, batch produces
multiple products and assembly line produces fewer major products. Project, on the other hand, is not a processing structure.
The type of processing structure that is used for producing discrete products at higher volume is:
A) WorkCenter
B) Batch
C) Assembly Line
D) Project Layout
E) Continuous Process
Feedback: C is the correct answer. The other options either produce small volume or cannot produce discrete products.
The major decision variables in equipment selection are:
A) Flexibility
B) Labor requirements
C) Manufacturer
D) Both A and B
E) Both B and C
Feedback: D is the correct answer. Manufacturer (Choice C) is a factor to consider under decision variable initial investment.
When comparing multiple processes to manufacture a product, the path of lowest total cost is always a straight line.
A) True
B) False
Feedback: Depending on the amount produced, the process that gives the lowest total cost will change so the path of lowest total cost combines the production cost line of multiple processes usually making it look more like a curve.
The product-process matrix:
A) shows as volume decreases an assembly line is the solution
B) shows as volume increase specialized equipment becomes cost effective
C) shows all process structures except work centers are inefficient
D) guides companies on what products to produce
E) allows a manager to justify buying new equipment
Feedback: The point of the matrix is to show that as volume increases and the product line narrows, specialized equipment and standardized material flow becomes feasible.
A process flow diagram shows how parts are put together to make a product.
A) True
B) False
Feedback: False. A process flow diagram shows the steps required to make a product. An assembly diagram shows how the parts go together.
A breakeven point indicates which of the following:
A) The point where profit is maximized
B) The point where cost is minimized
C) The point where we are indifferent between two options
D) The point where we are most efficient
E) All of the above
The type of processing structure that is used for producing discrete products at higher volume is:
A) WorkCenter
B) Batch
C) Assembly Line
D) Project Layout
E) Continuous Process
Feedback: C is the correct answer. The other options either produce small volume or cannot produce discrete products.
Q1.
Which of the following is NOT a sign that labour shortages are hitting a company.
(Select one answer)
(a) The need to outsource part of its production.
(b) A lack of accurate records as to staff training.
(c) The introduction of university place sponsorship.
(d) An increase in basic rates of pay for current employees.
Q2. External economies of scale are
(Select one answer)
(a) savings that are made possible by outside agencies.
(b) savings that can be made in distribution and selling.
(c) savings that are available to a firm as a result of the concentration of an industry in a region.
(d) savings that can be made in export markets only.
Q3. All of the following are justifications for holding large stocks of raw materials, except
(Select one answer)
(a) the seasonal supply of materials such as coffee beans or even garden peas.
(b) in anticipation of a future shortage and rapid rise in price.
(c) large quantities are available on the market.
(d) to take advantage of significant bulk buying reductions.
Q4. Which of the following are NOT a benefit thought to accompany the introduction of technology.
(Select one answer)
(a) Improved efficiency and reductions in waste.
(b) Increased strains in industrial relations.
(c) The introduction of new and better products.
(d) Advances in communication.
Q5. The opportunity cost to a business of an investment is
(Select one answer)
(a) the amount of capital that has to be borrowed to be able to make the investment.
(b) the cost of all the fixed assets that are to be purchased.
(c) the next best investment now foregone.
(d) the amount by which the project will have risen due to inflation, on a monthly basis.
Q6. When a firm in the secondary sector of the economy takes over a related business in the tertiary sector, this is an example of
(Select one answer)
(a) horizontal integration.
(b) backward integration.
(c) Forward vertical integration.
(d) Forward horizontal integration
Q7. A bank takes over a fishing company, a steel works, a vegetable processing firm and an airline. This is an example of
(Select one answer)
(a) forward integration
(b) a firm becoming a conglomerate.
(c) horizontal integration.
(d) company mergers.
Q8. Cell production is the modern production method where
(Select one answer)
(a) buildings are made from prefabricated units, or cells.
(b) production is done in small rooms.
(c) the output from the Prison Service factories.
(d) production on assembly lines is managed and run by groups of workers who are responsible for the quality of their work.
Q9. The long-run for a company is when
(Select one answer)
(a) the scale of production itself, and thus capacity can be increased.
(b) 5 years
(c) the time it takes to buy and install new plant.
(d) the time interval between the payment of a firms fixed costs.
Q10. In the interests of efficiency and obtaining more economies of scale, two firms agree to join together and become one. This is an example of a
(Select one answer)
(a) hostile take-over
(b) hostile merger.
(c) friendly merger.
(d) friendly take-over.
Q11. A firm can be considered to be efficient when it
(Select one answer)
(a) is producing its product or service at the lowest possible average cost.
(b) is fully utilising its capacity.
(c) has minimised the amount of waste that it produces.
(d) employs the maximum number of workers.
Q12. The short-run for a company is
(Select one answer)
(a) one month, being the payment base for salaries.
(b) the period where output can only be changed by altering the utilisation of existing plant and equipment.
(c) the time it takes to terminate staff.
(d) when it is working on a short-time basis.
Which one of the following is NOT a key internal factor in formulating operations strategy?
Occupational Science Hygiene Administration Which ONE of the following statement correctly explains the difference between operations management (OM) and operations research (OR)?
Select correct option: OM relies on mathematical modeling and OR focus on practical scenarios. OM is more powerful to improve the whole system OR relies on mathematical modeling.
OM is relies on practical scenarios and Or relies on Mathematical modeling. OM relies on mathematical modeling and OR is considered to be one of the critical tools of mangers. Page No.1 _______________is the bringing together of engineering design and manufacturing personnel early in the design phase.
Automation Manufacturability Ref: Design for Remanufacturing: Using some of the components of the old products in
the manufacture of new products. Remanufactured products are sold at 30 to 50% of the price of new product .e.g. Printers, copiers, cameras, PCs and Cell/Telephones. (Page No.51) A product „A‟ is specified to work well up to 30 degree Celsius temperature and 30% humidity. What would these specifications represent? Select correct option:
Reliability factor Standard conditions Normal operating conditions
Standard operating procedure Ref: The ability of a product, part, or system to perform its intended function under a prescribed set of conditions. (Page No.49) As the size of the smoothing constant increases: Select correct option:
More weight is put on historic demand data. More weight is put on recent demand data. The sensitivity of the model decreases.
The stability of the model increases Which one of the following correctly represents a set of time series forecats? Select correct option:
Averaging, cycle, seasonality, random variations Trend, seasonality, exponential smoothing Trend, cycle, seasonality, moving average
Trend, cycle, seasonality, random variations Which method of forecasting is most widely used? Select correct option:
Regression analysis Adaptive forecasting Weighted moving average
Exponential smoothing http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/encyclopedia/Fa-For/Forecasting.html For more contents http://groups.google.com/group/vuZs
An organization has described its distinctive characteristics. So, what is the next step in formulating the strategy?
Select correct option: Productivity Measures
Environmental scanning Selecting the market segment Competitor‟s distinctiveness
Which of the following favors adopting a “go for it” strategy? Select correct option:
Maximin Maximax Minimax regret
Laplace
Productivity ratios are used in;
Select correct option: Planning work force requirements
Scheduling equipments Financial analysis All of the above
Page No.19 How organizations assure that the designed strategy is giving the required output or results? Select correct option:
Increase in demand of the product By measuring the productivity
Environmental scanning Raw materials are effectively used
The industrial revolution came into; Select correct option: 1770
1920 1911
1815 Page No.8 Manufacturability is the ease of fabrication and/or assembly which is important for: Select correct option: Cost and Productivity Productivity and Quality
Cost and Quality Cost, productivity and Quality Ref: Manufacturability means the ease of fabrication or assembly of a product as it
directly affects cost, quality and productivity.Page 46 Which of the following is a technique for fitting a line to a set of points? Select correct option:
Regression Trend
Cycle Moving average Page 42 An automatic car wash is an example of which of the following? Select correct option:
Standardized service Customized service Batch processing
Intermittent processing
Which of the following forecasting technique is used when introducing new products, services, new features and new packaging?
Select correct option:
Quantitative technique
Associative model
Focus group
Judgmental forecast
Question # 2 of 15 ( Start time: 11:09:20 AM )
Total M a r k s: 1
Which ONE of the following forms a bridge between two islands of Engineering and
Management?
Select correct option:
Production Engineering
Operations Management
Industrial Management
Operations Engineering
Question # 3 of 15 ( Start time: 11:10:35 AM )
Total M a r k s: 1
Which of the following functions of an organization consists of all activities directly
related to production of a good or service?
Select correct option:
Operations
Marketing
Accounting
Finance
Question # 4 of 15 ( Start time: 11:11:08 AM )
Total M a r k s: 1
Which of the following statements corresponds to an order-winning characteristic?
Select correct option:
A factor which may be significant in other parts of the organization
A factor which gives an organization a competitive edge
A factor which serves as a minimum standard for purchase
A factor which increases the profitability of the organization
Question # 5 of 15 ( Start time: 11:11:58 AM )
An organization has described its distinctive characteristics. So, what is the next step in
formulating the strategy?
Select correct option:
Productivity Measures
Environmental scanning
Selecting the market segment
Competitor’s distinctiveness
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Question # 6 of 15 ( Start time: 11:13:27 AM )
As a manager, you have defined the purpose of the forecasts. What should be the next
step in forecasting process?
Select correct option:
Collecting and analyzing the appropriate data
Determining the purpose of the forecast
Choosing a forecasting technique
Setting up a time horizon or a time limit
Question # 7 of 15 ( Start time: 11:13:59 AM )
Total M a r k s: 1
MTBF refers to which of the following?
Select correct option:
Measure time before failure
Mean time between failures
Mean time before failure
Measure test before failure
Question # 8 of 15 ( Start time: 11:14:38 AM )
Total M a r k s: 1
Which one of the following correctly explains the elements of a good forecast?
Which one of the following is an outcome of Maximin criterion?
Select correct option:
The best of the worst possible payoff
The best possible payoff
The best average payoff
The least of the worst regrets
Question # 14 of 15 ( Start time: 11:22:17 AM )
Total M a r k s: 1
Which one of the following is NOT the input in the transformation process?
Select correct option:
Informations
Services
Facilities
Materials
Question # 1 of 15 Which ONE of the following forms a bridge between two islands of Engineering and
Management? Select correct option: Production Engineering Operations Management Industrial Management Operations Engineering Question # 2 of 15 Which of the following forecasting techniques induce personal bias in a forecast? Select correct option: Qualitative Quantitative Associative Trend forecast Question # 3 of 15 ( Start time: 04:45:55 PM ) Total M a r k s: 1 Which of the following is NOT an attribute to classify services? Select correct option: Tangibility Perishability Simultaneity Degree of customer contact
Which of the following forecasting technique is used when introducing new products, services, new features and new packaging? Select correct option: Quantitative technique Associative model Focus group Judgmental forecast Question # 5 of 15 ( Start time: 04:48:33 PM ) Total M a r k s: 1 Services differ from manufacturing in all the following ways EXCEPT: Select correct option: Customers typically interact directly with the service delivery process Consumption and production take place simultaneously. Services are intangible. Services can be stored REF:production and consumption takes place at about the same time. This is a characteristic of Service Sector. for more contents visit http://groups.google.com/group/vuZs Question # 6 of 15 ( Start time: 04:49:04 PM ) Total M a r k s: 1 Organizational strategy is different from operations strategy because it is;
Select correct option: Prepared by middle managers Narrower in scope Longer in time horizon All of the above Question # 8 of 15 ( Start time: 04:50:54 PM ) Total M a r k s: 1 Which one of the following forms of productivity has units of output per dollar input? Select correct option: Capital Energy Labor Machine Question # 9 of 15 ( Start time: 04:51:20 PM ) Total M a r k s: 1 Which one of the following refers to a decision environment in which relevant
parameters have known values? Select correct option: Certainty Uncertainty Risk Bounded rationality Question # 10 of 15 ( Start time: 04:51:42 PM ) Total M a r k s: 1 Which one the following formula or function can be used to measure the performance? Select correct option: Flexibility + profit+ operations Work + profit + value Quality + speed + flexibility Profit + Incentives + standards for more contents visit http://groups.google.com/group/vuZs
Question # 11 of 15 ( Start time: 04:52:04 PM ) Total M a r k s: 1 All of the following are examples of Qualitative forecasting except: Select correct option: Judgmental Delphi Method Consumer Survey Naïve Forecasting Question # 12 of 15 ( Start time: 04:52:50 PM ) Total M a r k s: 1 Characteristics like taste, feel, expertise, image or reputation relates to -----------. Select correct option: Subjective inputs Objective inputs Quantitative technique None of the given options Question # 13 of 15 ( Start time: 04:53:43 PM ) Total M a r k s: 1 Materials, land, energy and human and capital resources are the examples of: Select correct option: Inputs Transformation
Outputs Productivity Question # 14 of 15 ( Start time: 04:54:56 PM ) Total M a r k s: 1 Forecasts help managers by reducing the degree of: Select correct option: Accuracy Precision Uncertainty Reliability for more contents visit http://groups.google.com/group/vuZs Question # 1 of 15 ( Start time: 05:09:23 PM ) Total M a r k s: 1 Techniques having numerical data include which of the following? Select correct option: Subjective inputs Qualitative technique Quantitative technique Delphi method Question # 2 of 15 ( Start time: 05:10:23 PM ) Total M a r k s: 1 To make operations strategy effective it should be: Select correct option: Independent of the organization‟s strategy Consistent with the organization’s strategy Developed by a first line manager Independent of time dimension Question # 3 of 15 ( Start time: 05:11:46 PM ) Total M a r k s: 1 Which one of the following forecasting techniques is used to identify a trend when data
is neither growing nor declining rapidly and has no seasonal characteristics. Select correct option: Simple moving average Delphi method Trend adjusted forecast Naïve forecast Ref:The Moving Average model takes the average of several periods of data; the result is a dampened or smoothed data set; use this model when demand is stable and there is no evidence of a trend or seasonal pattern. Read More: http://www.shmula.com/308/forecasting-unweighted-and-weighted-moving-average-model#ixzz0nQN1qeSi
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Question # 7 of 15 ( Start time: 05:15:05 PM ) Total M a r k s: 1 All of the following are examples of transformation process EXCEPT: Select correct option: Cutting Packing Facilitating Labeling Question # 8 of 15 ( Start time: 05:16:06 PM ) Total M a r k s: 1 A tool to measure effective use of resources and usually expressed as the ratio of output to input is known as; Select correct option: Production ratio Productivity Reliability Operations ratio Question # 9 of 15 ( Start time: 05:16:46 PM ) Total M a r k s: 1 Following are all examples of distinctive competencies EXCEPT; Select correct option: Price Quality Planning Flexibility Question # 10 of 15 ( Start time: 05:18:01 PM ) Total M a r k s: 1 Which of the following statements corresponds to an order-winning characteristic? Select correct option: A factor which may be significant in other parts of the organization A factor which gives an organization a competitive edge A factor which serves as a minimum standard for purchase A factor which increases the profitability of the organization for more contents visit http://groups.google.com/group/vuZs Question # 12 of 15 ( Start time: 05:19:22 PM ) Total M a r k s: 1 Which one of the following is NOT used for decision making under uncertainty? Select correct option: Maximax Mmaximin Mminimax regret EMV criterion Question # 1 of 15 ( Start time: 05:23:32 PM ) Total M a r k s: 1 Which one of the following formulae can be used to compute value? Select correct option:
(Quality + Speed – Flexibility) / Cost (Quality + Speed+ Flexibility) / Cost (Quality + Speed - Cost) / Flexibility (Quality + Speed+ Cost) / Flexibility Question # 2 of 15 ( Start time: 05:24:34 PM ) Total M a r k s: 1 The role of a -------------- manager is to sustain, protect, and project the company‟s operations side. Select correct option: Project Manager Operations Manager Finance Manager Marketing Manager Question # 3 of 15 ( Start time: 05:24:54 PM ) Total M a r k s: 1 Which of the following provide guidance and directions for carrying out operations? Select correct option: Tactics Strategies Policies Mission Question # 4 of 15 ( Start time: 05:25:51 PM ) Total M a r k s: 1 Techniques having numerical data include which of the following? Select correct option: Subjective inputs Qualitative technique Quantitative technique Delphi method Question # 5 of 15 ( Start time: 05:26:11 PM ) Total M a r k s: 1 Which one of the following factors makes a forecast LESS perfect? Select correct option: Randomness Non serious attitude Non availability of data Un qualified personnel for more contents visit http://groups.google.com/group/vuZs Question # 6 of 15 ( Start time: 05:27:39 PM ) Total M a r k s: 1 Within the operations function, which one of the following is a long-term management decision? Select correct option: Control decision
Question # 10 of 15 ( Start time: 05:30:44 PM ) Total M a r k s: 1 Which one of the following is NOT a business application of forecasting? Select correct option: Budgeting Capacity planning Inventory management Quality control for more contents visit http://groups.google.com/group/vuZs Question # 11 of 15 ( Start time: 05:31:52 PM ) Total M a r k s: 1 Which one of the following forecasts is quick and easy to prepare? Select correct option: Time series Delphi Naïve Associative Question # 15 of 15 ( Start time: 05:34:41 PM ) Total M a r k s: 1 Which one of the following reasons account for using moving average in forecasting? Select correct option: It eliminates the trend It smoothes the random fluctuations It counteracts the seasonal variations It approximates the period average Reference: Question # 1 of 15 ( Start time: 05:39:49 PM ) Total M a r k s: 1 In which one of the following decision environments it is impossible to assess the
likelihood of various future events? Select correct option: Certainty Uncertainty Risk Bounded rationality Question # 2 of 15 ( Start time: 05:40:09 PM ) Total M a r k s: 1 Which one of the following correctly represents a set of time series forecats? Select correct option:
Averaging, cycle, seasonality, random variations Trend, seasonality, exponential smoothing Trend, cycle, seasonality, moving average Trend, cycle, seasonality, random variations Question # 3 of 15 ( Start time: 05:41:35 PM ) Total M a r k s: 1 Which one of the following is an implication of laplace approach of decision making? Select correct option: The best of the worst possible payoff The best possible payoff The best average payoff The least of the worst reg
Materials, land, energy and human and capital resources are the examples of: Select correct option: Inputs Transformation Outputs Productivity Question # 2 of 15 ( Start time: 04:07:44 AM ) Total M a r k s: 1 Which of the following statement correctly explains the role of operations management? Select correct option: Sustain the company’s operation Protect the company’s operation Project the company’s operation All of the above REF:Whether profit or non profit, the role of an OPERATIONS MANAGER is to sustain, protect, and project the company’s operations side.(Page No.1) for more contents visit http://groups.google.com/group/vuZs Question # 3 of 15 ( Start time: 04:08:42 AM ) Total M a r k s: 1 Which of the following forecasting technique is used when introducing new products, services, new features and new packaging? Select correct option: Quantitative technique Associative model Focus group Judgmental forecast Question # 5 of 15 ( Start time: 04:10:22 AM ) Total M a r k s: 1 All of the following are examples of transformation process EXCEPT: Select correct option: Cutting Packing Facilitating Labeling
Question # 6 of 15 ( Start time: 04:10:46 AM ) Total M a r k s: 1 Forecasting accuracy has_______ relation with time horizon. Select correct option: Inverse Linear Direct Parallel for more contents visit http://groups.google.com/group/vuZs Question # 7 of 15 ( Start time: 04:11:02 AM ) Total M a r k s: 1 Which one of the following is a pessimistic approach in decision making theory? Select correct option: Maximin Maximax Minimax regret Laplace Question # 8 of 15 ( Start time: 04:11:47 AM ) Total M a r k s: 1 Which of the following is NOT usually considered a general characteristic of a service? Select correct option: Degree of customer contact is high Production and sales cannot easily be separated functionally Many services involve both tangible and intangible outputs Production and consumption can always be separated Note: We are not in a position to solve it either. If any member can solve it properly, Please post it on the group or at email address [email protected] Question # 9 of 15 ( Start time: 04:12:15 AM ) Total M a r k s: 1 Which one of the following mathematical expressions can be used to compute availability? Select correct option: (MTBF)/ (MTBF+MTR) (MTBF)/ (MTBF-MTR) (MTR)/ (MTBF+MTR)
(MTR)/ (MTBF-MTR) Question # 10 of 15 ( Start time: 04:12:33 AM ) Total M a r k s: 1 Which of the following statements is TURE about production system? Select correct option: A user of resources to transform inputs into some desired outputs Enhancing value added services Only desired output in the form of products or manufactured goods Making efficient use of Internet technology A productive system is defined as a user of resources to transform inputs into some desired outputs (products as well as services) where as production system refers specifically to only desired output in the form of products or manufactured goods. for more contents visit http://groups.google.com/group/vuZs Question # 11 of 15 ( Start time: 04:13:02 AM ) Total M a r k s: 1 For which of the following approaches, the forecast of any period equals the previous period’s forecast? Select correct option: Delphi method Naïve forecast Associative model Judgmental forecast Question # 12 of 15 ( Start time: 04:13:59 AM ) Total M a r k s: 1 Which one of the following is true about Taguchi approach? Select correct option: To test the robustness of a design To articulate the “voice of the customer” To reduce the degree of automation To create a concurrent design Question # 13 of 15 ( Start time: 04:14:35 AM ) Total M a r k s: 1 Which one of the following forms of productivity has units of output per dollar input? Select correct option: Capital Energy
Labor Machine Question # 14 of 15 ( Start time: 04:14:51 AM ) Total M a r k s: 1 Which ONE of the following forms a bridge between two islands of Engineering and Management? Select correct option: Production Engineering Operations Management Industrial Management Operations Engineering Question # 15 of 15 ( Start time: 04:15:11 AM ) Total M a r k s: 1 ______________ is a wave like variations of more than one year’s duration. Select correct option: Cycle Trend Seasonality Random variation
Operations based strategy involves all activities except;
Select correct option: Supply chain management
Quick response to customer needs Flexibility and inventory management
Identifying customer wants and needs
Reference: Identifying customer wants and needs refers to Market based
strategies.(Page No.10)
Which of the following statement is NOT correct with respect to models in
operations management? Select correct option:
Models are easy to use, less expensive Models have specific objectives
Models don’t have the standardized format Models enables “what if” questions
A gradual, long term upward or downward movement in data is referred to
as: Select correct option:
Cycle Trend
Seasonality Random variation
Which of the following provide guidance and directions for carrying out operations?
Select correct option: Tactics
Strategies Policies
Mission
Which one of the following is NOT a key external factor in formulating operations strategy?
Select correct option:
Economic conditions Human resources
Political conditions
Legal environment
Ref: It is the key internal factors, like recruitment etc)
a. Status of the inventory of an item in warehouse
b. Price of the product
c. Size of the lot as well as the size and specifications of the product
d. All of the above
10. Therbligs are basic elemental motions which include:
a. Search
b. Select
c. Throw
d. a and b only
Which of the following is not an attribute to classify services?
>
Tangibility
Perish ability
Simultaneity
Degree of Customer Contact As a manager, you have defined the purpose of the forecasts. What should be the next step in forecasting process?
>
Collecting and analyzing the appropriate data
Determining the purpose of the forecast Choosing a forecasting technique
Setting up a time horizon or a time limit Forecasting accuracy has_______ relation with time horizon. >
Inverse
Linear Direct Parallel Ref: As time increases the accuracy of the Forecast decreases (Page No.34) ______________ is a wave like variations of more than one year’s duration. >
Cycle
Trend
Seasonality
Random variation
Ref: wavelike variations of more than one year’s duration these occurs because of political, economic and even agricultural conditions.(Page No.37) In which one of the following decision environments it is impossible to assess the likelihood of various future events?
>
Certainty
Uncertainty
Risk
Bounded rationality
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Which one of the following forms of productivity has units of output per dollar input?
Labor Machine Which one of the following refers to a decision environment in which relevant parameters have known values?
>
Certainty
Uncertainty
Risk
Bounded rationality
Ref: Certainty: Means that the relevant parameter such as costs, capacity and demand have known values (Page No.24) To make operations strategy effective it should be: >
Independent of the organization’s strategy
Consistent with the organization’s strategy
Developed by a first line manager Independent of time dimension
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Organizational strategies relate to which of the following sets of factors?
>
Survival, profitability, growth rate and market share
Profitability, survival, lead times and target market Quality, operating resources, growth rate and market share
Scheduling, profitability, lead times and survival All of the following are steps in forecasting process EXCEPT: >
Determine the purpose of the forecast Establish a time horizon
Assigning weights to the criteria
Monitor the forecast
Determine the purpose of the forecast meaning what is the purpose and when will it be required. This will provide the level of detail for resources required man, machine, time and capital. ·Establish a time horizon. We already know that as time increases the accuracy of the Forecast
Choose the most appropriate answers in each of the following questions: 1. All of the following are the major factors affecting design strategy except: Cost Market Time-to-market Revenue 2. All of the following are the primary reasons for design process except: Economic
Social and demographic
Political, liability, or legal Personal 3. refers to a manufacturer being liable for an injury or damage caused by a faulty product. Product liability
Manufacturer’s liability
Organizational liability
All of the given options 4. _________ is the postponement tactic. Product differentiation
Delayed differentiation
Service differentiation
All of the given options 5. The situation in which a product, part or system does not perform as intended is referred to as: Reliability
Durability
Failure
Maturity
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6. DFA stands for: Design for Assurance
Design for Accuracy
Design for Authenticity
Design for Assembly 7. Taguchi approach helps in determining: Controllable factors only
Un -controllable factors only
Both controllable factors and un -controllable factors
None of the given options 8. ________ is the bringing together of engineering, design and manufacturing personnel together early in the design phase. Robust design
Concurrent engineering
Canabalization
Design for Manufacturing (DFM) 9. Reliability can be measured effectively by using: Probability
Durability
Failure
Forecasting 10. _____________ determines the best possible outcome. Maximum
Minimax
Maximax
Laplace
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11. Decision tree is analyzed from: Left to right Right to left Any side
All of the above 12. Judgmental forecasts include all of the following except: Executive opinion
Consumer surveys
Delphi method
Regression analysis 13. In order to design a new product or service, an organization takes into account: External factors
Environmental issues 15. Design that results in products or services that can function over a broad range of conditions is called: Computer Aided Design
Robust design
Design for re manufacturing
Modular design
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16. Which of the following is wrong with respect to Naïve forecast Quick and easy to prepare
Provides high accuracy
Simple to use
Can be a standard for accuracy 17. Steps in CPFR include all of the following except: · Creation of a front end partnership agreement · Sharing forecast · Inventory replenishment · Development of supply forecasts 18. Identify the right sequence in product or service life cycle. Introduction, Maturity, Growth, Decline, Saturation
1. Which of the following activities is unnecessary ,when an organization decides to design its new product or service or refine its existing product or service: a Translate customer wants and needs into product and service requirements
b Refine existing products and services
c Develop new products and services
d Manage the purchasing activities religiously and diligently. 2. While focusing on capacity planning, organizations look for which of the following alternatives. a. How much will it cost b. How much holidays the workers can enjoy. c. How much compensation they need to pay to their CEO. d. None of the above 3. Which of the following is not one of the assumptions for Cost Volume Analysis
a. One product is not involved
b. Everything produced can be sold
c. Variable cost per unit is the same regardless of volume
d. Fixed costs do not change with volume 4. Which of the following does not fall under Economic Production Quantity ( EPQ) a. Only two or more item are involved
b. Annual demand is known
c. Usage rate is constant d. Usage occurs continually 5. Advantages of Process Layout Include
a. Equipment used is less costly
b. Low unit cost. c. Labor specialization. d. Low material handling cost 6. Common types of Operations include
a. Continuous Processing. b. Intermittent Processing. http://vuzs.net c. Automation
d. All of the above 7. System performance is measured by
a. Average number of customers being refused service
b. Average time customers wait c. System utilization
d. b and c. 8. Inventory carrying costs are influenced by: a. Order Quantity in Units
d. a and b only. 9. Bar coding helps in determining the : a. Status of the inventory of an item in warehouse
b. Price of the product c. Size of the lot as well as the size and specifications of the product d. All of the above 10. Therbligs are basic elemental motions which include: a. Search