Supplementary Reading After Reading Detailed Reading Global Reading Before Reading Unit 7 The glorious messiness of English Unit 7 The glorious messiness of English Part Division of the Text Parts Para(s). Main Ideas 1 1~3 2 4~16 Massive borrowing from other languages is a major feature of the English language. Tells about the history of the English language from the Indo-European parent language to modern English.
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Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Reading Unit 7 The glorious messiness of English G R _ Part Division of the Text.
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Supplementary Reading
After ReadingDetailed Reading
Global Reading
Before Reading
Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of English
Part Division of the Text
Parts Para(s). Main Ideas
1 1~3
2 4~16
Massive borrowing from other languages is a major feature of the English language. Tells about the history of the English language from the Indo-European parent language to modern English.
Supplementary Reading
After ReadingDetailed Reading
Global Reading
Before Reading
Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of English
Parts Main Ideas
3 17~19 Tolerance, love of freedom, and respect for the rights of others — these qualities in the English-speaking people explain the richness of their language.
Para(s).
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英语中绚丽多彩的杂乱无章现象。
THE GLORIOUS MESSINESS OF ENGLISH
Translate the title into Chinese.
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The rhetorical device used here is called oxymoron ( 矛盾修饰法 ). An oxymoron puts two contradictory terms together to puzzle the reader, luring him/her to pause and explore why. Here “Glorious” is a commendatory ( 褒义的 ) term, while “Messiness” is derogatory ( 贬义的 ). As the reader reads on, he/she will know that English is messy, but the messiness reflects some commendable qualities of English, such as tolerance, the love of freedom, and the respect for others’ rights. At this point the reader cannot but admire the author’s ingenuity.
What kind of rhetorical device is used in the title?
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Paraphrase the sentence.
French children are expected to say the word “balladeer” instead of “Walkman” but they don’t say it.
… which French kids are supposed to say instead – but they don’t.
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What can we know about the author’s attitude towards English from this sentence?
He thinks much of it.
Such is the glorious messiness of English.
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Paraphrase this part.
The history of English is revealed in the first words a child learns about …
The history of English is present in the first words a child learns about …
Translate this part into Chinese.
英语的历史体现在孩子最先学会用来表示…的词汇当中。
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What kind of rhetorical device is used here? And what’s the function of it?
The rhetorical device used here is called parallelism ( 排比法 ). With this device the sentences become more powerful and will leave a deeper impression on listeners or readers.
… “We shall fight … surrender.”
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What kind of rhetorical device is used here?
The rhetorical device used here is called metonymy ( 转喻 ). Here the word “churches” stands for religious institutions and those who are involved in religious practices. Another example, in the sentence “The kettle boils.”, the word “kettle” stands to “the water in the kettle”.
… French for the nobles, Latin for the churches and English for the common people.
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What is the Chinese version of this part?
希腊罗马经典著作的译文纷纷印成书册。
Translations of Greek and Roman classics were poured onto the printed page,
What kind of rhetorical device is used here?
The author used personification ( 拟人法 ) in this part.
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Where are the two words “television” and “cyberspace” from?
The word “television” is formed by “tele” (Greek, meaning “far off”) and “vision” (Latin, meaning “to see”.The word “cyberspace” is formed by “cyber” (Greek, meaning “to steer”) and “space” (Old French, Latin) .
Today we still borrow from Latin … cyberspace.
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What can we infer from this sentence about the author’s attitude towards English?
The author prefers what English is today to what some British scholars wanted to do.
Fortunately their idea has never been put into practice.
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What does “that idea” refer to?
It refers to the fact that the English language today results from the great respecters of the liberties of each individual and his freedom to strike out new path for himself.
I like that idea.
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The rhetorical device used in these sentences is called metaphor. Here the author uses sustained metaphor: the cultural soil, the first shoots sprang up, … grew stronger, build fences around their language. In this case the English language is compared to plants, and the various cultures influencing it are compared to the soil, while users of English are compared to gardeners. Besides this, the author employs many other metaphors in this text, such as core of English (Para. 4), another flood of new vocabulary (Para. 14), and the special preserve of grammarians (Para. 19).
What kind of rhetorical device is used in these sentences?
Consider that … around their language.
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corrupt: vt. The Academy ruled that such foreign expressions were not permitted, as they corrupted the language.Has Japanese been corrupted by the introduction of foreign words?
cause errors to appear in
cause to act dishonestly in return for personal gains To our great surprise, the former mayor turned out to have been corrupted by the desire for money and power.
To gain more profits, the businessman tried every means to corrupt the officials in the local government.
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ban: vt. 1. forbid (sth.) officially (used in the pattern: ban sth.; ban sb. from sth./doing sth.
The local government will ban smoking in all offices later this year.
Tom was banned from driving for six months after being caught speeding again.
Lady Chatterley’s Lover was banned when it was first published.
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CF:
The treaty bans all nuclear tests.
该条约禁止一切核试验。 forbid 是普通用词,可用于较细小的事物。例如:
He forbade his children sweets because he didn’t want their teeth to be ruined.
他不许孩子们吃糖果,因为他不希望他们的牙齿蛀坏。
ban, forbid & prohibit这三个是及物动词,均含“禁止”之意。
ban 语气最重,指权威机关“正式禁止”。一般含有“严厉 谴责”的意思,只能用于严重危害公众利益的事物。例如:
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prohibit 指“(通过法律、法令或严正警告)禁止某 些事物”,应用范围较 ban 广。例如:
In some countries the sale of alcoholic beverages is prohibited.
在一些国家禁止出售含酒精的饮料。
2. ban: n. (followed by on)
The government is considering a total ban on cigarette advertising.
The ban on human cloning is welcomed by most countries in the world.
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Standing still in the teacher’s office, the boy tried to invent a plausible excuse for his absence from class.
invent: vt.
James Watt invented the steam engine. Walter Hunt and Elias Hone invented the sewing machine
1. make or design (sth. that has not existed before); create (sth.)
2. give (a name, reason, etc. that doesn’t exist or is not true)
All the characters in the novel are invented.
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CF:
Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone. 亚历山大•格雷厄姆•贝尔发明了电话。
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discover“ 发现”,发现的对象是本来就存在,但主语不知 道的东西,如新的科学真理,新领域等。有时也 可泛指“发现”、“认识到”某 种情况。例如:The planet Pluto was discovered in
1930. 冥王星是在 1930 年被发现的。
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fascinating: adj. of great interest or attraction
The story of his adventures in the Arctic was fascinating to listen to.
It is fascinating to imagine what might have happened if the US had not declared war against Japan in World War II.
我觉得有关克隆的讨论很有吸引力。
I found the discussion about cloning absolutely fascinating.
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strictly speaking: if one uses words, applies rules, etc. in their exact senseHe’s not strictly speaking an artist; he is more
of a performer.
Strictly speaking she was not qualified for the job. But we employed her because of her honesty.
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The patient had no tolerance for/to pain. Whenever he was injected he would cry.
tolerance: n.
the quality of allowing other people to say and do as they like, even if you don’t agree or approve of it (followed by for)
School teachers have to have a great deal of tolerance in order to deal with difficult children.He has no tolerance for people who disagree with him.
Human beings have limited tolerance of/to noise.
the ability to bear sth. painful or unpleasant (followed by of / for / to)
1.
2.
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Collocation :
display/show tolerance
have tolerance
tolerance for/of/towards
表示宽容
有容忍力;有雅量
对…容忍
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to a (very real, certain, etc.) extent: to the degree specified
I agree with him to some extent but there are still some areas of sharp disagreement between us.
To some extent the water pollution has affected local residents.
从某种程度上说,餐馆的失败是由于经营不善造成的。
To a certain extent the failure of the restaurant was due to bad management.
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necessity: n.
1. sth. you must have in order to live properly or do sth.
A lot of people would consider a TV as more of a necessity than a luxury item.
Water is a basic necessity of life.
The workers’ wages were so low that they hardly had enough money to buy the bare necessities of life.
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2. circumstances that force one to do sth.; the state of being necessary; the need for sth. (followed by of / for)
There is absolutely no necessity for you to be involved in the project.
再搞一次选举有必要吗?
Is there any necessity for another election?
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Collocation :感到有…的必要feel the necessity of 最低限度的必需品 the bare necessities 生活必需品 the necessities of life 必然地 of necessity
You will of necessity remain silent.
你必然会保持沉默。 由于必要;不得已 by necessity
I walked home by necessity, because the car broke down. 汽车坏了 , 我不得已只好走回家。
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arouse: vt. provoke (a particular feeling or attitude)
These educational toys give children a feeling of self-worth by arousing their interest in challenging tasks.The man’s strange behavior aroused the policeman’s suspicions.
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surrender: v. give in (followed by to)
After several weeks of severe attacks, Afghanistan’s Taliban forces surrendered to the Northern Alliance.After the bombs fell on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the Japanese surrendered.We’ll never surrender to terrorism despite the terrorist attacks.
你们必须向警方缴枪。 You must surrender your guns to the police.
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virtually: adv. for the most part, almost
It’s virtually impossible to tell the imitation from the real thing.
It has been raining virtually non-stop for the past several days.
晚饭差不多准备好了;我只差做蔬菜了。The dinner’s virtually ready; I only have to finish the vegetables.
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invade: vt. enter with armed forces In July 1937 the Japanese army invaded China.
The Germans invaded Poland in 1939, leading to the start of World War II.
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mystery: n. sth. that people can’t, or have not been able to understand or explain
The politician’s sudden death remains a mystery to us all.
No one has ever been able to explain the mystery of the Bermuda Triangle.
埃及的金字塔( pyramid )是如何建成的依然是个谜。 How Egyptian pyramids were built still remains a mystery.
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Collocation :形成疑团 pose a mystery
依然是个谜 remain a mystery
使神秘的事真相大白 clear up a mystery
阐释奥秘 solve/unravel a mystery
处于神秘之中shrouded/cloaked/wrapped in mystery
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resemble: vt. be like or similar to
I’d say he resembles his mother more than his father.
约翰在各方面都非常像他父亲。
John resembles his father very much in all ways.
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descend: v. come down (from a source), go down
These ideas descend from those of the ancient philosophers.
The old lady descended the stairs.
太阳落山了。
The sun descended behind the hills.
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