Supernova Remnants and ULX bubbles nfred Pakull, bien Grisé, C. Motch, R. Soria servatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg
Jan 31, 2016
Supernova Remnants and ULX bubbles
Manfred Pakull,
Fabien Grisé, C. Motch, R. Soria
0bservatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg
OutlineOutline
-- Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs)
-- ULXs are (often) located in bubbles = ULXBs
-- many (large) SNRs are really ULXBs
-- Rosetta Stone S26 in NGC 7793
-- ULXBs = jet inflated « beambags » like SS433/W50
Ultraluminous X-Ray sources Ultraluminous X-Ray sources
• Bright (variable) non-nuclear X-ray sources in galaxies (Long & van Speybroeck (1983) i.e Lx ~ few 1040 erg/s: more luminous in X than Local Group of Galaxies!!
• Isotropic luminosities > 1039.5 erg/s i.e. Lx > Ledd (= 1.3 1038 erg/s M/M ) for stellar-mass accretors ( M < 20 M )‘superEddington’ sources 1 ULX per 3 star-forming galaxies
(Cropper et al 2004)
XMM/ EPIC view of NGC 4559XMM/ EPIC view of NGC 4559
Cropper et al 2004, MNRAS; Soria et al 2004, MNRAS
XMM Optical Monitor image(near-UV band)
2 2 ULXs in NGC 4559ULXs in NGC 4559 (Sc, (Sc, d = 10 d = 10 Mpc)Mpc)
X-7
(Cropper et al 2004)
XMM/ EPIC view of NGC 4559XMM/ EPIC view of NGC 4559
Ultraluminous X-ray SourcesUltraluminous X-ray Sources suggested naturesuggested nature
• SNe/very young SNR, but most are variable ! • truly super-Eddington (Begelman 2002)• beamed into our l.o.s. (King 2002, Markoff 2002)• stellar pop III remnants (Madau & Rees 2001)• low-metallicity (Z = 0.1Z) binaries (Pakull & Mirioni 02)• intermediate mass black holes, IMBH; in between the stellar and AGN variety
• We need information from other wavelengths !! optical work: Pakull& Mirioni&Grisé, Roberts & Co; Abolmasov & Fabrika ...
A few examples of our optical follow-up observatuions of ULXs
ULX IC 342 X-1ULX IC 342 X-1
• "Tooth" nebula situated in
spiral arm has a diameter
of 220pc (Pakull & Mirioni 2002; Roberts et
al. 2003; Grisé et al 2006)
• SNR-like spectrum:[SII]/H=1.2[OI] 6300/H=0.4
• X-ray or shock ionization ?• Detection of supersonic
expansion (see later) from Laurent Mirioni’s thesis
CFHT, H
ULX IC 342 X-1ULX IC 342 X-1
• "Tooth" nebula situated in spiral arm has a diameter of 220pc
Pakull & Mirioni 2002; Roberts et al 2003; Grisé et al 2006
• SNR-like spectrum:
[SII]/H=1.2
[OI]6300/ H=0.4• X-ray or shock ionization ?• Detection of supersonic
expansion (see later) CFHT; from Laurent Mirioni’s thesis
ULX NGC 1313 X-2 Lx ~ 1039-40 erg/s variable
location far away (9kpc)from nucleus of 4.7 Mpc distant spiral NGC 1313SNR-like optical spectrum(e.g. Grise et al. 2008)
bubble diameter ~ 26’’ = 400 pc (!)
vexp.~ vshock ~ 100 km/s
H VLT
*
VLT, FORS
: HeII 4686 emission*
Are there unrecognized ULXB
(incl. from presently inactive, or from ULXs possibly beamed away from us)
among large SNRs candidates ?
Optical [SII]/H > 0.4 selected surveys of SNRs in large nearby galaxies (outside LG)
Matonick & Fesen 1997: N5204, N5585, N6946, M81, M101; N2403
Blair & Long 1997: N300, N7793
H
[SII]
[SII]-H
some very large SNR candidates…
Lozinskaya & Moiseev 2007
Log - logD for SNR
S1-N5585
10 100 300 pc
IC 10: Bubble around XRBWR + 30 Mo BH (LM2007)
NGC 5585 S1: new ULX (Pakull et al 2008)
very large ‘SNR’ in NGC 5585very large ‘SNR’ in NGC 5585
Matonick & Fesen (1997) noted huge (200x300) pc ‘SNR’ in NGC 5585
5.0
300 pc
very large ‘SNR’ very large ‘SNR’ ULXB ! ULXB !
5.0
Matonick & Fesen (1997) noted huge (200x300) pc ‘SNR’ in NGC 5585
300 pc
Chandra: point source (~ 5 1039 erg/s)as in many previously identified ‘SNRs’Ho IX, NGC 6946X-1; M81X-6 …
The ‘SNR’ MH9-11 in HolmbergIXThe ‘SNR’ MH9-11 in HolmbergIX
Holmberg IX X-1: Lx ~1040 erg/s Miller (1995): X-ray superluminous SNR; but X-ray variable point source!Note small cluster incl. ULX counterpart; SE: shock breakout (?)
SE
Subaru
Ha [OIII] BB30 "
=
500 pc
Kinematics of ULX bubblesKinematics of ULX bubbles
Holm IX NGC1313 X-2
IC 342 X-1 Holm II
H
[NII] 6584
Vexp = 80 – 250
km/s
Energetics of ULX Bubbles Energetics of ULX Bubbles • Typical bubble radii ~200 pc (ie. >> SNR)
• Expansion velocity ~ 80 km/s (up to 250 km/s)
• if due to SN explosion; Sedov /snowplow :
E0 ~ 2 1052 erg R1003 v100
2 n
t ~ 1 106 yrs, E0 ~ 5 1053 erg n “Hypernova” (GRB) Remnant
(shock H luminosity: I~ vexp2.3 n --> n = 0.1-1.0 cm-3)
- Explosion of several (>20) SNe (superbubble) excluded (no massive cluster !)
- Hypernova remnants (very popular 10 years ago) excluded
ULX
(Swartz, Soria, in prep)
30 pc
HST/ACS NGC 6946 MF16 NGC 6946 MF16 no HNR !no HNR !
- brightest ‘SNR’ (1039 erg/s)
- ‘colliding SNRs’ (Blair & Fesen 94, BF & Schlegel 01)
- X-ray variable ULX (Roberts & Colbert 03)
- vex=225 km/s; t ~3 104 yrs; (Dunne et al. 00)
The youth of the bubble excludes nature as a remnant of SN explosion that created compact accreting star in ULX
[after SN explosion nuclear timescale expansion of donor star before Roche lobe overflow mass transfer can take place]
Energetics of ULX Bubbles Energetics of ULX Bubbles • Bubble radii up to ~200 pc (ie. >> SNR) • Expansion velocity ~ 80 km/s (up to 250 km/s)
• if due to SN explosion; Sedov /snowplow :
E0 ~ 2 1052 erg R1003 v100
2 n
t ~ 1 106 yrs, E0 ~ 5 1053 erg n
(shock H luminosity: I~ vexp2.3 n --> n = 0.1-1.0 cm-3)
• if wind/jet driven bubble (Castor 1975, Weaver et al 1977):
Lw ~ 5 1039 erg/s R1002 v100
3 n
t ~ 1 106 yrs (3 104 for NGC6946X-1); Lw ~ 1040 erg/s for all ULXB
Lw = ½ Mdot vout2 ~ jet mechanical luminosity of SS433;
i.e. vout should be mildly relativistic (~ 0.3 c)
.
QSO SS433 & W50
mechanically inflatedBubble W50 with ‘ears’ due to v=0.26c jets (+SNR ?)
radio-image200 pc
ASCA image(Kotani 98)
Begelman’s ‘beambags’i.e. linear triple
ss433film
VLBA; credit: NRAO/AUI/NSF
Problem: no large-scale jets seen in ULXB (or other QSO)
some very large SNR candidates…
NGC 7793 S26
Log - logD for SNR
S1-N5585
10 100 300 pc
NGC 7793-S26: discovery of an extra-NGC 7793-S26: discovery of an extra-galactic SS433/W50-type systemgalactic SS433/W50-type system
• very large optical ‘SNR’ S26 in NGC7793 dist=3.4 Mpc, dia~250pc; [SII]/Ha~0.5 . Blair & Long 1997• radio source (> CasA; Pannuti et al 02)
X-ray Chandra (archive) H
13’’ 250pc
from Chandra archive:S26 is coincident with linear X-ray triple
S26 Chandra
0.3-1.0 keV1.0-2.0 keV2.0-8.0 keV
H contours
Lx ~ 1037 erg/s soft hot spot
Lx ~ 1037 erg/shard source= 23mag OB star
What have we learned/open questions
ULXs blow very energetic bubbles (ULXB)
ULXB resemble large SNRs but they aren’t
synchrotron/thermal bubble NGC7793-S26 is jet-
inflated
(SS433 and S26 do show Pmech >> Lx; both are not
ULX)
connection QSO and ULX ? jet interaction with ISM
all large SNR candidates are ULXBs (incl. inactive ULX) Merci !