SUPERIOR COURT—PROCEDURE IN FAMILY MATTERS

SUPERIOR COURT—PROCEDURE IN FAMILY MATTERS Sec. 25-1

SUPERIOR COURT—PROCEDURE IN FAMILY MATTERS

CHAPTER 25

GENERAL PROVISIONS

Sec. Sec.25-1. Definitions Applicable to Proceedings on Family

Matters25-2. Complaints for Dissolution of Marriage or Civil

Union, Legal Separation, or Annulment25-3. Action for Custody of Minor Child25-4. Action for Visitation of Minor Child25-5. Automatic Orders upon Service of Complaint or

Application25-6. Parties and Appearances25-7. Pleadings in General; Amendments to Complaint

or Application25-8. —Amendment; New Ground for Dissolution of

Marriage or Civil Union25-9. —Answer, Cross Complaint, Claims for Relief

by Defendant25-10. —Answer to Cross Complaint25-11. —Order of Pleadings25-12. Motion to Dismiss25-13. —Grounds on Motion to Dismiss25-14. —Waiver and Subject Matter Jurisdiction25-15. —Further Pleading by Defendant25-16. Motion to Strike; In General25-17. —Date for Hearing25-18. —Reasons25-19. —Memorandum of Law25-20. —When Memorandum of Decision Required25-21. —Substitute Pleading; Judgment25-22. —Stricken Pleading Part of Another Cause or

Defense25-23. Motions, Requests, Orders of Notice, and Short

Calendar25-24. Motions25-25. Motion for Exclusive Possession25-26. Modification of Custody, Alimony or Support25-27. Motion for Contempt25-28. Order of Notice25-29. Notice of Orders for Support or Alimony25-30. Statements to Be Filed25-31. Discovery and Depositions25-32. Mandatory Disclosure and Production25-33. Judicial Appointment of Expert Witnesses25-34. Procedure for Short Calendar25-35. Disclosure of Conference Recommendation

For previous Histories and Commentaries see the editions of the Practice Bookcorresponding to the years of the previous amendments.

Sec. 25-1. Definitions Applicable to Pro-ceedings on Family Matters

The following shall be ‘‘family matters’’ withinthe scope of these rules: Any actions brought pur-suant to General Statutes § 46b-1, including butnot limited to dissolution of marriage or civil union,legal separation, dissolution of marriage or civil

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Copyrighted by the Secretary of the State of the State of Connecticut

25-36. Motion for Decree Finally Dissolving Marriage orCivil Union after Decree of Legal Separation

25-37. —Notice and Hearing25-38. Judgment Files25-39. Miscellaneous Rules25-40. Habeas Corpus in Family Matters; the Petition25-41. —Preliminary Consideration25-42. —Dismissal25-43. —The Return25-44. —Reply to the Return25-45. —Schedule for Filing Pleadings25-46. —Summary Judgment as to Writ of Habeas

Corpus25-47. —Discovery25-48. Dockets, Pretrials and Assignment for Disposition25-49. Definitions25-50. Case Management25-51. When Motion for Default for Failure to Appear

Does Not Apply25-52. Failure to Appear for Scheduled Disposition25-53. Reference of Family Matters25-54. Order of Trial; Argument by Counsel25-55. Medical Evidence25-56. Production of Documents at Hearing or Trial25-57. Affidavit concerning Children25-58. Reports of Dissolution of Marriage or Civil Union

and Annulment25-59. Closure of Courtroom in Family Matters25-59A. Sealing Files or Limiting Disclosure of Documents

in Family Matters25-60. Family Division Evaluations and Studies25-61. Family Division25-62. Appointment of Guardian Ad Litem25-63. Right to Counsel in Family Civil Contempt Pro-

ceedings25-64. —Waiver25-65. Family Support Magistrates; Procedure25-66. Appeal from Decision of Family Support Mag-

istrate25-67. Support Enforcement Services25-68. Right to Counsel in State Initiated Paternity

Actions25-69. Social Services; Additional Duties

union after legal separation, annulment of mar-riage or civil union, alimony, support, custody, andchange of name incident to dissolution of marriageor civil union, habeas corpus and other proceed-ings to determine the custody and visitation ofchildren except those which are properly filed inthe superior court as juvenile matters, the estab-lishing of paternity, enforcement of foreign matri-

SUPERIOR COURT—PROCEDURE IN FAMILY MATTERSSec. 25-1

monial or civil union judgments, actions relatedto prenuptial or pre-civil union and separationagreements and to matrimonial or civil uniondecrees of a foreign jurisdiction, actions broughtpursuant to General Statutes § 46b-15, custodyproceedings brought under the provisions of theUniform Child Custody Jurisdiction Act and pro-ceedings for enforcement of support broughtunder the provisions of the Uniform InterstateFamily Support Act.

(P.B. 1998.) (Amended June 28, 1999, to take effect Jan.1, 2000; amended June 26, 2006, to take effect Jan.1, 2007.)

Sec. 25-2. Complaints for Dissolution ofMarriage or Civil Union, Legal Separation,or Annulment(Amended June 26, 2006, to take effect Jan. 1, 2007.)

(a) Every complaint in a dissolution of marriageor civil union, legal separation or annulment actionshall state the date and place, including the cityor town, of the marriage or civil union and thefacts necessary to give the court jurisdiction.

(b) Every such complaint shall also statewhether there are minor children issue of the mar-riage or minor children of the civil union andwhether there are any other minor children bornto the wife since the date of marriage of the par-ties, or born to a party to the civil union since thedate of the civil union, the name and date of birthof each, and the name of any individual or agencypresently responsible by virtue of judicial awardfor the custody or support of any child. Theserequirements shall be met whether a child is issueof the marriage or not, whether a child is born toa party of the civil union or not, and whether cus-tody of children is sought in the action or not. Inevery case in which the state of Connecticut orany town thereof is contributing or has contributedto the support or maintenance of a party or childof said party, such fact shall be stated in the com-plaint and a copy thereof served on the attorneygeneral or town clerk in accordance with the provi-sions of Sections 10-12 through 10-17. Althoughthe attorney general or town clerk shall be a partyto such cases, he or she need not be named inthe writ of summons or summoned to appear.

(c) The complaint shall also set forth the plain-tiff’s demand for relief and the automatic ordersas required by Section 25-5.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 453.) (Amended June 25, 2001, totake effect Jan. 1, 2002; amended June 26, 2006, to takeeffect Jan. 1, 2007; amended June 29, 2007, to take effectJan. 1, 2008; amended June 30, 2008, to take effect Jan.1, 2009.)

HISTORY—2009: In 2009, ‘‘or civil union’’ was added tosubsection (a), following ‘‘including the city or town, of themarriage.’’

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COMMENTARY—2009: The change to this section clarifiesthat a complaint in a dissolution of civil union action shall statethe place, including the city or town, of the civil union.

Sec. 25-3. Action for Custody of Minor ChildEvery application in an action for custody of a

minor child, other than actions for dissolution ofmarriage or civil union, legal separation or annul-ment, shall state the name and date of birth ofsuch minor child or children, the names of theparents and legal guardian of such minor child orchildren, and the facts necessary to give the courtjurisdiction. The application shall comply with Sec-tion 25-5. Such application shall be commencedby an order to show cause. Upon presentation ofthe application and an affidavit concerning chil-dren, the judicial authority shall cause an orderto be issued requiring the adverse party or partiesto appear on a day certain and show cause, if anythere be, why the relief requested in the applica-tion should not be granted. The application, orderand affidavit shall be served on the adverse partynot less than twelve days before the date of thehearing, which shall not be held more than thirtydays from the filing of the application.

(P.B. 1998.) (Amended June 28, 1999, to take effect Jan.1, 2000; amended June 26, 2000, to take effect Jan. 1, 2001;amended June 26, 2006, to take effect Jan. 1, 2007.)

Sec. 25-4. Action for Visitation of MinorChildEvery application in an action for visitation of a

minor child, other than actions for dissolution ofmarriage or civil union, legal separation or annul-ment, shall state the name and date of birth ofsuch minor child or children, the names of theparents and legal guardian of such minor child orchildren, and the facts necessary to give the courtjurisdiction. The application shall comply with Sec-tion 25-5. Such application shall be commencedby an order to show cause. Upon presentation ofthe application and an affidavit concerning chil-dren, the judicial authority shall cause an orderto be issued requiring the adverse party or partiesto appear on a day certain and show cause, if anythere be, why the relief requested in the applica-tion should not be granted. The application, orderand affidavit shall be served on the adverse partynot less than twelve days before the date of thehearing, which shall not be held more than thirtydays from the filing of the application.

(P.B. 1998.) (Amended June 28, 1999, to take effect Jan.1, 2000; amended June 26, 2000, to take effect Jan. 1, 2001;amended June 26, 2006, to take effect Jan. 1, 2007.)

Sec. 25-5. Automatic Orders upon Serviceof Complaint or Application(Amended June 28, 1999, to take effect Jan. 1, 2000.)(a) The following automatic orders shall apply

to both parties, with service of the automatic


orders to be made with service of process of acomplaint for dissolution of marriage or civil union,legal separation, or annulment, or of an applica-tion for custody or visitation. An automatic ordershall not apply if there is a prior, contradictoryorder of a judicial authority. The automatic ordersshall be effective with regard to the plaintiff or theapplicant upon the signing of the complaint or theapplication and with regard to the defendant orthe respondent upon service and shall remain inplace during the pendency of the action, unlessterminated, modified, or amended by further orderof a judicial authority upon motion of either ofthe parties:

(1) Neither party shall sell, transfer, encumber(except for the filing of a lis pendens), conceal,assign, remove, or in any way dispose of, withoutthe consent of the other party in writing, or anorder of a judicial authority, any property, individu-ally or jointly held by the parties, except in theusual course of business or for customary andusual household expenses or for reasonableattorney’s fees in connection with this action.

(2) Neither party shall incur unreasonable debtshereafter, including, but not limited to, further bor-rowing against any credit line secured by the fam-ily residence, further encumbrancing any assets,or unreasonably using credit cards or cashadvances against credit cards.

(3) The parties shall each complete andexchange sworn financial statements substan-tially in accordance with a form prescribed by thechief court administrator within thirty days of thereturn day. The parties may thereafter enter andsubmit to the court a stipulated interim order allo-cating income and expenses, in accordance withthe uniform child support guidelines.

(4) The case management date for this caseis . The parties shall comply withSection 25-50 to determine if their actual presenceat the court is required on that date.

(5) Neither party shall permanently remove theminor child or children from the state of Connecti-cut, without written consent of the other or orderof a judicial authority.

(6) The parties, if they share a minor child orchildren, shall participate in the parenting educa-tion program within sixty days of the return day orwithin sixty days from the filing of the application.

(7) Neither party shall cause the other party orthe children of the marriage or the civil union tobe removed from any medical, hospital and dentalinsurance coverage, and each party shall main-tain the existing medical, hospital and dentalinsurance coverage in full force and effect.

(8) Neither party shall change the beneficiariesof any existing life insurance policies, and each

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party shall maintain the existing life insurance,automobile insurance, homeowners or rentersinsurance policies in full force and effect.

(9) If the parties are living together on the dateof service of these orders, neither party may denythe other party use of the current primary resi-dence of the parties, whether it be owned or rentedproperty, without order of a judicial authority. Thisprovision shall not apply if there is a prior, contra-dictory order of a judicial authority.

(10) If the parties share a child or children, aparty vacating the family residence shall notify theother party or the other party’s attorney, in writing,within forty-eight hours of such move, of anaddress where the relocated party can receivecommunication. This provision shall not apply ifthere is a prior, contradictory order of a judicialauthority.

(11) If the parents of minor children live apartduring this dissolution proceeding, they shallassist their children in having contact with bothparties, which is consistent with the habits of thefamily, personally, by telephone, and in writing.This provision shall not apply if there is a prior,contradictory order of a judicial authority.

(b) The automatic orders of a judicial authorityas enumerated in subsection (a) shall be set forthimmediately following the party’s requested reliefin any complaint for dissolution of marriage or civilunion, legal separation, or annulment, or in anyapplication for custody or visitation, and shall setforth the following language in uppercase letters:FAILURE TO OBEY THESE ORDERS MAY BEPUNISHABLE BY CONTEMPT OF COURT. IFYOU OBJECT TO OR SEEK MODIFICATION OFTHESE ORDERS DURING THE PENDENCY OFTHE ACTION, YOU HAVE THE RIGHT TO AHEARING BEFORE A JUDGE WITHIN A REA-SONABLE TIME. The clerk shall not accept forfiling any complaint for dissolution of marriage orcivil union, legal separation, or annulment, or anyapplication for custody or visitation, that does notcomply with this subsection.

(c) The automatic orders of a judicial authorityas enumerated in subdivisions (a) (1), (2), and (3)shall not apply in custody and visitation cases.

(P.B. 1998.) (Amended June 29, 1998, to take effect Jan.1, 1999; subdivision (a) (1) was amended on an interim basis,pursuant to the provisions of Section 1-9 (c), to take effectJan. 1, 1999; amended June 28, 1999, to take effect Jan. 1,2000; amended August 22, 2001, to take effect Jan. 1, 2002;amended June 26, 2006, to take effect Jan. 1, 2007; amendedJune 29, 2007, to take effect Jan. 1, 2008.)

Sec. 25-6. Parties and AppearancesThe provisions of Sections 8-1, 8-2, 9-1, 9-3

through 9-6, inclusive, 9-18, 9-19, 9-22, 9-24 and


10-12 through 10-17 of the rules of practice shallapply to family matters as defined in Section 25-1.

(P.B. 1998.)

Sec. 25-7. Pleadings in General; Amend-ments to Complaint or Application(Amended June 28, 1999, to take effect Jan. 1, 2000.)If Sections 25-2, 25-3 or 25-4 are not complied

with, the judicial authority, whenever its attentionis called to the matter, shall order that the com-plaint or the application, as the case may be, beamended upon such terms and conditions as itmay direct. Where an amendment is filed concern-ing support or maintenance contributed by thestate of Connecticut, no further action shall betaken by the judicial authority until such amend-ment shall be served upon the attorney generaland opportunity given him or her to be heard uponthe matter. Nothing in this section shall be con-strued to affect the automatic orders in Section25-5 above.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 454.) (Amended June 28, 1999, totake effect Jan. 1, 2000.)

Sec. 25-8. —Amendment; New Ground forDissolution of Marriage or Civil Union(Amended June 26, 2006, to take effect Jan. 1, 2007.)(a) In any action for a dissolution of marriage or

civil union an amendment to the complaint whichstates a ground for dissolution of marriage or civilunion alleged to have arisen since the commence-ment of the action may be filed with permissionof the judicial authority.

(b) The provisions of Sections 10-59, 10-60 and10-61 of the rules of practice shall apply to familymatters as defined in Section 25-1.


Sec. 25-9. —Answer, Cross Complaint,Claims for Relief by DefendantThe defendant in a dissolution of marriage or

civil union, legal separation, or annulment mattermay file, in addition to the above mentioned plead-ings, one of the following pleadings which shallcomply with Sections 10-1, 10-3, 10-5, 10-7, 10-8 and 10-12 through 10-17, 10-18 and 10-19inclusive:

(1) An answer may be filed which denies oradmits the allegations of the complaint, or whichstates that the defendant has insufficient informa-tion to form a belief and leaves the pleader to his orher proof, and which may set forth the defendant’sclaims for relief.

(2) An answer and cross complaint may be filedwhich denies or admits the allegations of the com-plaint, or which states that the defendant hasinsufficient information to form a belief and leavesthe pleader to his or her proof, and which alleges

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the grounds upon which a dissolution, legal sepa-ration or annulment is sought by the defendantand specifies therein the claims for relief.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 456.) (Amended June 28, 1999, totake effect Jan. 1, 2000; amended June 26, 2006, to takeeffect Jan. 1, 2007.)

Sec. 25-10. —Answer to Cross ComplaintA plaintiff in a dissolution of marriage or civil

union, legal separation, or annulment matterseeking to contest the grounds of a cross com-plaint shall file an answer admitting or denyingthe allegations of such cross complaint or leavingthe pleader to his or her proof. If a decree isrendered on the cross complaint, the judicialauthority may award to the plaintiff such relief asis claimed in the complaint.


Sec. 25-11. —Order of PleadingsThe order of pleadings shall be:(1) the plaintiff’s complaint;(2) the defendant’s motion to dismiss the com-

plaint;(3) the defendant’s motion to strike the com-

plaint or claims for relief;(4) the defendant’s answer, cross complaint

and claims for relief;(5) the plaintiff’s motion to strike the defendant’s

answer, cross complaint, or claims for relief;(6) the plaintiff’s answer.(P.B. 1998.)

Sec. 25-12. Motion to Dismiss(a) Any defendant, wishing to assert grounds

to dismiss the action under Section 25-13 (2), (3),(4) or (5) must do so by filing a motion to dismisswithin thirty days of the filing of an appearance.

(b) Any claim based on Section 25-13 (2), (3),(4) or (5) is waived if not raised by a motion todismiss filed in the sequence provided in Section25-11, within the time provided in this section.

(P.B. 1998.)

Sec. 25-13. —Grounds on Motion to Dismiss(a) The motion to dismiss shall be used to assert

(1) lack of jurisdiction over the subject matter, (2)lack of jurisdiction over the person, (3) impropervenue, (4) insufficiency of process and (5) insuffi-ciency of service of process. This motion shallalways be filed with a supporting memorandumof law and, where appropriate, with supportingaffidavits as to facts not apparent on the record.

(b) If an adverse party objects to this motion heor she shall, at least five days before the motionis to be considered on the short calendar, file andserve in accordance with Sections 10-12 through


10-17 a memorandum of law and, where appro-priate, supporting affidavits as to facts not appar-ent on the record.

(P.B. 1998.)

Sec. 25-14. —Waiver and Subject MatterJurisdictionAny claim of lack of jurisdiction over the subject

matter cannot be waived; and whenever it is foundafter suggestion of the parties or otherwise thatthe court lacks jurisdiction of the subject matter,the judicial authority shall dismiss the action.

(P.B. 1998.)

Sec. 25-15. —Further Pleading byDefendantIf any motion to dismiss is denied with respect to

any jurisdictional issue, the defendant may pleadfurther without waiving his or her right to contestjurisdiction further.

(P.B. 1998.)

Sec. 25-16. Motion to Strike; In General(a) Whenever any party wishes to contest (1)

the legal sufficiency of the allegations of any com-plaint or cross complaint, or of any one or morecounts thereof, to state a claim upon which reliefcan be granted, or (2) the legal sufficiency of anyclaim for relief in any such complaint or crosscomplaint, or (3) the legal sufficiency of any suchcomplaint or cross complaint, or any countthereof, because of the absence of any necessaryparty, or (4) the joining of two or more causes ofaction which cannot properly be united in onecomplaint or cross complaint, whether the samebe stated in one or more counts, or (5) the legalsufficiency of any answer to any complaint orcross complaint, or any part of that answer con-tained therein, that party may do so by filing amotion to strike the contested pleading or partthereof.

(b) A motion to strike on the ground of the non-joinder of a necessary party must give the nameand residence of the missing party or such infor-mation as the moving party has as to his or heridentity and residence and must state his or herinterest in the cause of action.

(P.B. 1998.)

Sec. 25-17. —Date for HearingThe motion shall be placed on the short calen-

dar to be held not less than fifteen days followingthe filing of the motion, unless the judicial authorityotherwise directs.

(P.B. 1998.)

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Sec. 25-18. —ReasonsEach motion to strike raising any of the claims

of legal insufficiency enumerated in Sections 25-12, 25-13 and 25-16 shall separately set fortheach such claim of insufficiency and shall dis-tinctly specify the reason or reasons for each suchclaimed insufficiency.

(P.B. 1998.)

Sec. 25-19. —Memorandum of Law(a) Each motion to strike must be accompanied

by an appropriate memorandum of law citing thelegal authorities upon which the motion relies.

(b) If an adverse party objects to this motionsuch party shall, at least five days before the datethe motion is to be considered on the short calen-dar, file and serve in accordance with Sections10-12 through 10-17 a memorandum of law.

(P.B. 1998.)

Sec. 25-20. —When Memorandum of Deci-sion RequiredWhenever a motion to strike is filed and more

than one ground of decision is set up therein,the judicial authority, in rendering the decisionthereon, shall specify in writing the grounds uponwhich that decision is based.

(P.B. 1998.)

Sec. 25-21. —Substitute Pleading; Judg-mentWithin fifteen days after the granting of any

motion to strike, the party whose pleading hasbeen stricken may file a new pleading; providedthat in those instances where an entire complaintor cross complaint has been stricken, and theparty whose pleading has been so stricken failsto file a new pleading within that fifteen-day period,the judicial authority may upon motion enter judg-ment against said party on said stricken complaintor cross complaint.

(P.B. 1998.)

Sec. 25-22. —Stricken Pleading Part ofAnother Cause or DefenseWhenever the judicial authority grants a motion

to strike the whole or any portion of any pleadingor count which purports to state an entire causeof action, and such pleading or portion thereofstates or constitutes a part of another cause ofaction, the granting of that motion shall removefrom the case only the cause of action which wasthe subject of the granting of that motion, and itshall not remove such pleading or count or anyportion thereof so far as the same is applicableto any other cause of action.

(P.B. 1998.)


Sec. 25-23. Motions, Requests, Orders ofNotice, and Short CalendarThe provisions of Sections 11-1, 11-2, 11-4, 11-

5, 11-6, 11-8, 11-10, 11-11, 11-12, 11-19, 12-1,12-2, and 12-3 of the rules of practice shall applyto family matters as defined in Section 25-1.

(P.B. 1998.) (Amended May 14, 2003, to take effect July1, 2003.)

Sec. 25-24. Motions(a) Any appropriate party may move for ali-

mony, child support, custody, visitation, appoint-ment of counsel for the minor child, counsel fees,or for an order with respect to the maintenanceof the family or for any other equitable relief.

(b) Each such motion shall state clearly, in thecaption of the motion, whether it is a pendentelite or a postjudgment motion.

(P.B. 1998.)

Sec. 25-25. Motion for Exclusive Pos-sessionEach motion for exclusive possession shall

state the nature of the property, whether it is rentalproperty or owned by the parties or one of them,the length of tenancy or ownership of each party,the current family members residing therein andthe grounds upon which the moving party seeksexclusive possession.

(P.B. 1998.)

Sec. 25-26. Modification of Custody, Ali-mony or Support(a) Upon an application for a modification of an

award of alimony pendente lite, alimony or supportof minor children, filed by a person who is thenin arrears under the terms of such award, thejudicial authority shall, upon hearing, ascertainwhether such arrearage has accrued without suffi-cient excuse so as to constitute a contempt ofcourt, and, in its discretion, may determinewhether any modification of current alimony andsupport shall be ordered prior to the payment, inwhole or in part as the judicial authority may order,of any arrearage found to exist.

(b) Either parent or both parents of minor chil-dren may be cited or summoned by any party tothe action to appear and show cause, if any theyhave, why orders of custody, visitation, supportor alimony should not be entered or modified.

(c) If any applicant is proceeding without theassistance of counsel and citation of any otherparty is necessary, the applicant shall sign theapplication and present the application, proposedorder and summons to the clerk; the clerk shallreview the proposed order and summons and,unless it is defective as to form, shall sign the

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proposed order and summons and shall assign adate for a hearing on the application.

(d) Each motion for modification of custody, visi-tation, alimony or child support shall state clearlyin the caption of the motion whether it is a pen-dente lite or a postjudgment motion.

(e) Each motion for modification shall state thespecific factual and legal basis for the claimedmodification and shall include the outstandingorder and date thereof to which the motion formodification is addressed.

(f) On motions addressed to financial issues,the provisions of Section 25-30 shall be followed.

(g) Upon or after entry of judgment of a dissolu-tion of marriage, dissolution of civil union, legalseparation or annulment, or upon or after entryof a judgment or final order of custody and/orvisitation for a petition or petitions filed pursuantto Section 25-3 and/or Section 25-4, the judicialauthority may order that any further motion formodification of a final custody or visitation ordershall be appended with a request for leave to filesuch motion and shall conform to the require-ments of subsection (e) of this section. The spe-cific factual and legal basis for the claimedmodification shall be sworn to by the moving partyor other person having personal knowledge of thefacts recited therein. If no objection to the requesthas been filed by any party within ten days of thedate of service of such request on the other party,the request for leave may be determined by thejudicial authority with or without hearing. If anobjection is filed, the request shall be placed onthe next short calendar, unless the judicial author-ity otherwise directs. At such hearing, the movingparty must demonstrate probable cause thatgrounds exist for the motion to be granted. If thejudicial authority grants the request for leave, atany time during the pendency of such a motionto modify, the judicial authority may determinewhether discovery or a study or evaluation pursu-ant to Section 25-60 shall be permitted.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 464.) (Amended June 20, 2005, totake effect Jan. 1, 2006; amended June 29, 2007, to takeeffect Oct. 1, 2007.)

Sec. 25-27. Motion for Contempt(a) Each motion for contempt must state (1) the

date and specific language of the order of thejudicial authority on which the motion is based;(2) the specific acts alleged to constitute the con-tempt of that order, including the amount of anyarrears claimed due as of the date of the motionor a date specifically identified in the motion; (3)the movant’s claims for relief for the contempt.


(b) Each motion for contempt must state clearlyin the caption of the motion whether it is a pen-dente lite or a postjudgment motion, and the sub-ject matter and the type of order alleged to havebeen violated.

(P.B. 1998.) (Amended June 28, 1999, to take effect Jan.1, 2000.)

Sec. 25-28. Order of Notice(a) On a complaint for dissolution of marriage

or civil union, legal separation, or annulment, oron an application for custody or visitation, whenthe adverse party resides out of or is absent fromthe state or the whereabouts of the adverse partyare unknown to the plaintiff or the applicant, anyjudge or clerk of the court may make such orderof notice as he or she deems reasonable. If suchnotice is by publication, it shall not include theautomatic orders set forth in Section 25-5, butshall instead include a statement that automaticorders have issued in the case pursuant to Section25-5 and that such orders are set forth in thecomplaint or the application on file with the court.Such notice having been given and proved, thejudicial authority may hear the complaint or theapplication if it finds that the adverse party hasactually received notice that the complaint or theapplication is pending. If actual notice is notproved, the judicial authority in its discretion mayhear the case or continue it for compliance withsuch further order of notice as it may direct.

(b) With regard to any postjudgment motion formodification or for contempt or any other motionrequiring an order of notice, where the adverseparty resides out of or is absent from the stateany judge or clerk of the court may make suchorder of notice as he or she deems reasonable.Such notice having been given and proved, thecourt may hear the motion if it finds that theadverse party has actually received notice thatthe motion is pending.


Sec. 25-29. Notice of Orders for Support orAlimonyIn all dissolution of marriage or civil union, legal

separation, annulment, custody or visitationactions, such notice as the judicial authority shalldirect shall be given to nonappearing parties ofany orders for support or alimony. No such ordershall be effective until the order of notice shallhave been complied with or the nonappearingparty has actually received notice of such orders.


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Sec. 25-30. Statements to Be Filed(a) At least five days before the hearing date

of a motion or order to show cause concerningalimony, support, or counsel fees, or at the timea dissolution of marriage or civil union, legal sepa-ration or annulment action or action for custodyor visitation is scheduled for a hearing, each partyshall file, where applicable, a sworn statementsubstantially in accordance with a form prescribedby the chief court administrator, of current income,expenses, assets and liabilities. When the attor-ney general has appeared as a party in interest,a copy of the sworn statements shall be servedupon him or her in accordance with Sections 10-12 through 10-17. Unless otherwise ordered bythe judicial authority, all appearing parties shallfile sworn statements within thirty days prior tothe date of the decree. Notwithstanding the above,the court may render pendente lite and permanentorders, including judgment, in the absence of theopposing party’s sworn statement.

(b) At least ten days before the scheduled familyspecial masters session, alternative dispute reso-lution session, or judicial pretrial, the parties shallserve on each appearing party, but not file withthe court, written proposed orders, and, at leastten days prior to the date of the final limited con-tested or contested hearing, the parties shall filewith the court and serve on each appearing partywritten proposed orders.

(c) The written proposed orders shall be com-prehensive and shall set forth the party’srequested relief including, where applicable, thefollowing:

(1) a parenting plan;(2) alimony;(3) child support;(4) property division;(5) counsel fees;(6) life insurance;(7) medical insurance; and(8) division of liabilities.(d) The proposed orders shall be neither factual

nor argumentative but shall, instead, only set forththe party’s claims.

(e) Where there is a minor child who requiressupport, the parties shall file a completed childsupport and arrearage guidelines worksheet atthe time of any court hearing concerning childsupport; or at the time of a final hearing in anaction for dissolution of marriage or civil union,legal separation, annulment, custody or visitation.

(f) At the time of any hearing, including pen-dente lite and postjudgment proceedings, in which


a moving party seeks a determination, modifica-tion, or enforcement of any alimony or child sup-port order, a party shall submit an Advisement ofRights Re: Wage Withholding Form (JD-FM-71).


Sec. 25-31. Discovery and DepositionsThe provisions of Sections 13-1 through 13-11

inclusive, 13-13 through 13-16 inclusive, and 13-17 through 13-32 of the rules of practice inclusive,shall apply to family matters as defined in Section25-1.

(P.B. 1998.)

Sec. 25-32. Mandatory Disclosure and Pro-duction(a) Unless otherwise ordered by the judicial

authority for good cause shown, upon request bya party involved in an action for dissolution ofmarriage or civil union, legal separation, annul-ment or support, or a postjudgment motion formodification of alimony or support, opposing par-ties shall exchange the following documentswithin thirty days of such request:

(1) all federal and state income tax returns filedwithin the last three years, including personalreturns and returns filed on behalf of any partner-ship or closely-held corporation of which a partyis a partner or shareholder;

(2) IRS forms W-2, 1099 and K-1 within the lastthree years including those for the past year if theincome tax returns for that year have not beenprepared;

(3) copies of all pay stubs or other evidence ofincome for the current year and the last pay stubfrom the past year;

(4) statements for all accounts maintained withany financial institution, including banks, brokersand financial managers, for the past 24 months;

(5) the most recent statement showing anyinterest in any Keogh, IRA, profit sharing plan,deferred compensation plan, pension plan, orretirement account;

(6) the most recent statement regarding anyinsurance on the life of any party;

(7) a summary furnished by the employer of theparty’s medical insurance policy, coverage, costof coverage, spousal benefits, and COBRA costsfollowing dissolution;

(8) any written appraisal concerning any assetowned by either party.

(b) Such duty to disclose shall continue duringthe pendency of the action should a party appear.

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This section shall not preclude discovery underany other provisions of these rules.

(P.B. 1998.) (Amended June 29, 1998, to take effect Jan.1, 1999; amended June 26, 2006, to take effect Jan. 1, 2007.)

Sec. 25-33. Judicial Appointment of ExpertWitnessesWhenever the judicial authority deems it neces-

sary, on its own motion it may appoint any expertwitnesses of its own selection. The judicial author-ity shall give notice of its intention to appoint suchexpert, and give the parties an opportunity to beheard concerning such appointment. An expertwitness shall not be appointed by the judicialauthority unless the expert consents to act. Anexpert witness so appointed shall be informed ofhis or her duties by the judicial authority in writing,a copy of which shall be filed with the clerk, orthe witness shall be informed of his or her dutiesat a conference in which the parties shall havean opportunity to participate. Such expert witnessshall advise the parties of his or her findings, ifany, and may thereafter be called to testify bythe judicial authority or by any party and shall besubject to cross-examination by each party. Thejudicial authority may determine the reasonablecompensation for such witness and direct pay-ment out of such funds as may be provided bylaw or by the parties or any of them as the judicialauthority may direct. Nothing in this section shallprohibit the parties from retaining their ownexpert witnesses.

(P.B. 1998.)

Sec. 25-34. Procedure for Short Calendar(a) Oral argument on any motion or the presen-

tation of testimony thereon shall be allowed if theappearing parties have followed administrativepolicies for marking the motion ready and forscreening with family services.

(b) If the matter will require more than one hourof court time, it may be specifically assigned fora date certain.

(c) Failure to appear and present argument onthe date set by the judicial authority shall consti-tute a waiver of the right to argue unless the judi-cial authority orders otherwise. Unless for goodcause shown, no motion may be reclaimed aftera period of three months from the date of filing.This subsection shall not apply to those motionswhere counsel appeared on the date set by thejudicial authority and entered into a schedulingorder for discovery, depositions and a date certainfor hearing.

(P.B. 1998.)


Sec. 25-35. Disclosure of Conference Rec-ommendationIn the event the parties or their counsel confer

with a family relations counselor on finances con-cerning alimony and child support in connectionwith either a pendente lite, postjudgment or disso-lution hearing, the recommendations of the familyrelations counselor concerning alimony and childsupport shall not be reported to the judicial author-ity by the parties or their counsel or the familyrelations counselor unless, before such confer-ence, the parties or their counsel have stipulatedthat the recommendation of the family relationscounselor may be made known to the judicialauthority.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 464A.)

Sec. 25-36. Motion for Decree Finally Dis-solving Marriage or Civil Union after Decreeof Legal Separation(Amended June 30, 2008, to take effect Jan. 1, 2009.)Every motion for a decree finally dissolving and

terminating the marriage or civil union, after adecree of legal separation, shall state the numberof the case in which the separation was granted,the date of the decree of legal separation andwhether the parties have resumed relations relat-ing to the marriage or civil union since the entryof the decree, and it shall be accompanied by anapplication for an order of notice to the adverseparty.


HISTORY—2009: Prior to 2009, this section was entitled,‘‘Motion for Decree Finally Dissolving Marriage after Decreeof Legal Separation.’’ In 2009, ‘‘or civil union’’ was added after‘‘finally dissolving and terminating the marriage,’’ and ‘‘maritalrelations’’ was replaced with ‘‘relations relating to the marriageor civil union.’’

COMMENTARY—2009: The changes to this section clarifyits applicability to civil unions.

Sec. 25-37. —Notice and HearingUpon presentation of such motion to the judicial

authority it shall fix a time for hearing the sameand make an order of notice, by personal serviceif the adverse party is within the state and thatparty’s place of residence is known, otherwise insuch manner as it shall deem reasonable.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 473.)

Sec. 25-38. Judgment FilesThe provisions of Sections 17-4, 17-9 and 17-

43 shall apply to family matters as defined in Sec-tion 25-1. The provisions of Section 3-9 concern-ing withdrawal of appearance of an attorney 180days after the entry of judgment shall not applyto family matters actions until the provisions of

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this section concerning the filing of judgment fileshave been satisfied.

(P.B. 1998.)

Sec. 25-39. Miscellaneous RulesExcept as otherwise provided in Section 25-51,

the provisions of Sections 7-19, 17-20, 18-5, 18-9, 20-1, 20-3, 23-67 and 23-68 of the rules ofpractice shall apply to family matters as definedin Section 25-1.

(P.B. 1998.) (Amended Dec. 19, 2006, to take effect March12, 2007.)

Sec. 25-40. Habeas Corpus in Family Mat-ters; the PetitionA petition for a writ of habeas corpus shall be

under oath and shall state:(1) the specific facts upon which each claim of

custody or visitation is based such that the judicialauthority would immediately order the child or chil-dren to be brought before the court;

(2) any previous petitions for the writ of habeascorpus, and any existing custody or visitationorders, involving the same child or children andthe dispositions taken thereon; and

(3) the specific facts upon which the courthas jurisdiction.

(P.B. 1998.)

Sec. 25-41. —Preliminary Consideration(a) The judicial authority shall promptly review

any petition for a writ of habeas corpus to deter-mine whether the writ should issue. The judicialauthority shall issue the writ if it appears that:

(1) the court has jurisdiction;(2) the petition is meritorious; and(3) another proceeding is not more appropriate.(b) The judicial authority shall notify the peti-

tioner if it declines to issue the writ pursuant tothis section.

(P.B. 1998.)

Sec. 25-42. —DismissalThe judicial authority may, at any time, upon its

own motion or upon motion of the respondent,dismiss the petition, or any count thereof, if itdetermines that:

(1) the court lacks jurisdiction;(2) the petition, or a count thereof, fails to state

a claim upon which habeas corpus relief can begranted;

(3) the petition presents the same ground as aprior petition previously denied and fails to statenew facts or proffer new evidence not reasonablyavailable at the time of the prior petition;

(4) the claims asserted in the petition are mootor premature;


(5) any other legally sufficient ground for dis-missal of the petition exists.

(P.B. 1998.)

Sec. 25-43. —The ReturnThe return shall respond to the allegations of

the petition and shall allege any facts in supportof any claim of procedural default, abuse of thewrit, or any other claim that the petitioner is notentitled to relief.

(P.B. 1998.)

Sec. 25-44. —Reply to the Return(a) If the return alleges any defense or claim

that the petitioner is not entitled to relief, and suchallegations are put in dispute by the petition, thepetitioner shall file a reply.

(b) The reply shall admit or deny any allegationsthat the petitioner is not entitled to relief.

(P.B. 1998.)

Sec. 25-45. —Schedule for Filing PleadingsThe return or responsive pleading and any reply

to the return shall be filed as the judicial authoritymay order.

(P.B. 1998.)

Sec. 25-46. —Summary Judgment as to Writof Habeas CorpusAt any time after the pleadings are closed, any

party may move for summary judgment, whichshall be rendered if the pleadings, affidavits andany other evidence submitted, show that there isno genuine issue of material fact between theparties requiring a trial and the moving party isentitled to judgment as a matter of law.

(P.B. 1998.)

Sec. 25-47. —DiscoveryDiscovery shall be as in all other family matters.(P.B. 1998.)

Sec. 25-48. Dockets, Pretrials and Assign-ment for DispositionThe provisions of Sections 14-2, 14-3, 14-23,

and 14-25 of the rules of practice shall apply tofamily matters as defined in Section 25-1.

(P.B. 1998.)

Sec. 25-49. DefinitionsFor purposes of these rules the following defini-

tions shall apply:(1) ‘‘Uncontested matter’’ means a case in

which no aspect of the matter is in dispute.(2) ‘‘Limited contested matter’’ means a case

in which the matters in dispute are limited to mone-tary awards, real property or personal property.

(3) ‘‘Contested matter’’ means a case in whichchild custody, visitation rights, paternity or thegrounds for the action are in dispute, and matters

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of monetary awards or the disposition of real orpersonal property may be in dispute.

(P.B. 1998.)

Sec. 25-50. Case Management(a) The presiding judge or a designee shall

determine by the case management date whichtrack each case shall take and assign each casefor disposition. That date shall be set on a sched-ule approved by the presiding judge.

(b) If the matter is uncontested, and a formprescribed by the office of the chief court adminis-trator has been filed, the clerk shall assign thematter to a date certain for disposition.

(c) With the approval of the presiding judge, acase management conference may be conductedby the filing of a stipulated scheduling order whenonly financial issues are outstanding. If there is adispute with respect to financial issues, the mattermay be directed to any alternative dispute resolu-tion mechanism, private or court-annexed, orthereafter have assigned a date certain for familyspecial masters and further judicial pretrial. There-after, the matter may be assigned for trial for adate certain if not resolved.

(d) In cases where custody or visitation issuesare outstanding, the parties and counsel mustappear for a case management conference onthe case management date. If custody or visitationissues require judicial intervention, the appoint-ment of counsel or a guardian ad litem for theminor child, or case study or evaluation by familyservices or by a private provider of services, atarget date shall be assigned for completion ofsuch study and the final conjoint thereon andthereafter a date certain shall be assigned for dis-position.

(e) With respect to subsections (c) and (d), if atrial is required, such order may include a datecertain for a trial management conferencebetween counsel or pro se parties for the purposeof premarking exhibits and complying with otherorders of the judicial authority to expedite thetrial process.


Sec. 25-51. When Motion for Default for Fail-ure to Appear Does Not Apply(a) Any case claiming a dissolution of marriage

or civil union, legal separation, or annulment inwhich the defendant has failed to file an appear-ance may be assigned a date certain for disposi-tion as an uncontested matter pursuant to Section25-50. If the defendant has not filed an appear-ance by the date assigned for disposition, thecase may proceed to judgment without further


notice to such defendant. Section 17-20 concern-ing motions for default shall not apply to suchcases.

(b) If the defendant files an appearance by thedate assigned for disposition, the presiding judgeor a designee shall determine which track thecase shall take pursuant to Section 25-50.


Sec. 25-52. Failure to Appear for Sched-uled DispositionIf a party fails to appear in person or by counsel

for a scheduled disposition, the opposing partymay introduce evidence and the case may pro-ceed to judgment without further notice to suchparty who failed to appear.

(P.B. 1998.)

Sec. 25-53. Reference of Family MattersIn any family matter the court may, upon its

own motion or upon motion of a party, refer anycontested, limited contested, or uncontested mat-ter for hearing and decision to a judge trial refereewho shall have been a judge of the referring court.Such matters shall be deemed to have beenreferred for all further proceedings and judgment,including matters pertaining to any appeal there-from, except that the referring court may retainjurisdiction to hear and decide any pendente liteor contempt matters.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 458.)

Sec. 25-54. Order of Trial; Argument byCounselThe provisions of Sections 15-5, 15-6 and 15-

7, shall apply to family matters as defined in Sec-tion 25-1.

(P.B. 1998.)

Sec. 25-55. Medical EvidenceA party who plans to offer a hospital record in

evidence shall have the record in the clerk’s officetwenty-four hours prior to trial. The judge shallorder that all such records be available for inspec-tion in the clerk’s office to any counsel of recordunder the supervision of the clerk. Counsel mustrecognize their responsibility to have medical tes-timony available when needed and shall, whennecessary, subpoena medical witnesses to thatend. Such records shall be submitted in accord-ance with the provisions of Section 7-18.


Sec. 25-56. Production of Documents atHearing or Trial(a) At the trial management conference prior to

the commencement of an evidentiary hearing or

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trial, but in no event later than five days before thescheduled hearing date, either party may serve onthe other a request for production of documentsand tangible things, in a manner consistent withSections 13-9 through 13-11. Service may bemade in the same manner as a subpoena or con-sistent with Sections 10-12 through 10-14.

(b) If a party fails to produce the requesteddocuments and items, the party filing the requestshall be permitted to introduce into evidence suchcopies as that party might have, without havingto authenticate the copies offered.

(c) If a party fails to produce the requested doc-uments and items and the requesting party doesnot have copies to offer into evidence, the judicialauthority may impose such sanctions on the non-producing party as the judicial authority deemsappropriate pursuant to Section 13-14 and as areavailable to the judicial authority for the enforce-ment of subpoenas.

(P.B. 1998.)

Sec. 25-57. Affidavit concerning ChildrenBefore the judicial authority renders any order in

any matter pending before it involving the custody,visitation or support of a minor child or children,an affidavit shall be filed with the judicial authorityaverring (1) whether the wife is believed to bepregnant; (2) the name and date of birth of anyminor child born since the date of the filing of thecomplaint or the application; (3) information whichmeets the requirements of the Uniform Child Cus-tody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act, GeneralStatutes § 46b-115, et seq.; (4) that there is noother proceeding in which either party has partici-pated as a party, witness, or otherwise concerningcustody of the child in any state; and (5) that noperson not a party has physical custody or claimscustody or visitation rights with respect to thechild. This section shall not apply to modificationsof existing support orders or in situations involvingallegations of contempt of support orders.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 476.) (Amended June 28, 1999, totake effect Jan. 1, 2000; amended August 24, 2001, to takeeffect Jan. 1, 2002.)

Sec. 25-58. Reports of Dissolution of Mar-riage or Civil Union and Annulment(Amended June 26, 2006, to take effect Jan. 1, 2007.)Before a hearing is commenced for a dissolu-

tion of marriage or civil union or annulment ofmarriage or civil union, the parties concerned, ortheir attorneys, shall provide, on forms prescribedby the chief court administrator and furnished bythe clerk, such information as is required by thejudges of the superior court.



Sec. 25-59. Closure of Courtroom in Fam-ily Matters(Amended May 14, 2003, to take effect July 1, 2003.)(a) Except as otherwise provided by law, there

shall be a presumption that courtroom proceed-ings shall be open to the public.

(b) Except as provided in this section andexcept as otherwise provided by law, the judicialauthority shall not order that the public beexcluded from any portion of a courtroom pro-ceeding.

(c) Upon motion of any party, or upon its ownmotion, the judicial authority may order that thepublic be excluded from any portion of a court-room proceeding only if the judicial authority con-cludes that such order is necessary to preservean interest which is determined to override thepublic’s interest in attending such proceeding. Thejudicial authority shall first consider reasonablealternatives to any such order and any such ordershall be no broader than necessary to protectsuch overriding interest. An agreement of the par-ties to close the courtroom shall not constitute asufficient basis for the issuance of such an order.

(d) In connection with any order issued pursuantto subsection (c) of this section, the judicialauthority shall articulate the overriding interestbeing protected and shall specify its findingsunderlying such order. If any findings would revealinformation entitled to remain confidential, thosefindings may be set forth in a sealed portion ofthe record. The time, date and scope of any suchorder shall be set forth in a writing signed by thejudicial authority which upon issuance the courtclerk shall immediately enter in the court file. Thejudicial authority shall order that a transcript ofits decision be included in the file or prepare amemorandum setting forth the reasons for itsorder.

(e) A motion to close a courtroom proceedingshall be filed not less than fourteen days beforethe proceeding is scheduled to be heard. Suchmotion shall be placed on the short calendar sothat notice to the public is given of the time andplace of the hearing on the motion and to affordthe public an opportunity to be heard on the motionunder consideration. The motion itself may be filedunder seal, where appropriate, by leave of thejudicial authority. When placed on a short calen-dar, motions filed under this rule shall be listed ina separate section titled ‘‘Motions to Seal orClose’’ and shall also be listed with the time, dateand place of the hearing on the judicial branchweb site. A copy of the short calendar page con-taining the aforesaid section shall, upon issuanceof the short calendar, be posted on a bulletin board

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adjacent to the clerk’s office and accessible tothe public.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 478.) (Amended May 14, 2003, totake effect July 1, 2003; amended June 21, 2004, to takeeffect Jan. 1, 2005.)

HISTORY—2003: Prior to 2003, when both the title andtext were amended, Section 25-59 read: ‘‘Closed Hearingsand Records

‘‘Subject to the provision of Section 11-20, any family mattermay be heard in chambers or in a courtroom from which thepublic and press have been excluded, and the records andother papers in any family matter may be ordered by the courtto be kept confidential and not to be open to inspection exceptunder order of the court or a judge thereof.’’

COMMENTARY—2003: The public and press enjoy a rightof access to attend trials in civil as well as criminal cases.Press-Enterprise Co. v. Superior Court, 478 U.S. 1, 10, 106S. Ct. 2735, 92 L. Ed. 2d 1 (1986); Globe Newspaper Co. v.Superior Court, 457 U.S. 596, 606, 102 S. Ct. 2613, 73 L.Ed. 2d 248 (1982); Westmoreland v. Columbia BroadcastingSystem, Inc., 752 F.2d 16, 22 (2d Cir. 1984).

For a further discussion of court closure, see the Commen-tary to Sections 11-20 and 42-49.

It is intended that the above rule also apply to family sup-port magistrates.

HISTORY—2005: Prior to 2005, the third sentence of sub-section (d) read: ‘‘The time, date and scope of any such ordershall be in writing and shall be signed by the judicial authorityand be entered by the court clerk in the court file.’’

COMMENTARY—2005: As used in subsection (a) above,the words ‘‘Except as otherwise provided by law’’ are intendedto exempt from the operation of this rule all established proce-dures for the closure of courtroom proceedings as requiredor permitted by statute; e.g., General Statutes §§ 19a-583 (a)(10) (D) (pertaining to court proceedings as to disclosure ofconfidential HIV-related information), 36a-21 (b) (pertaining tocourt proceedings at which certain records of the departmentof banking are disclosed), 46b-11 (pertaining to hearings infamily relations matters), 54-86c (b) (pertaining to the disclo-sure of exculpatory information or material), 54-86f (pertainingto the admissibility of evidence of sexual conduct) and 54-86g(pertaining to the testimony of a victim of child abuse); otherrules of practice; e.g., Practice Book Section 40-43; and/orcontrolling state or federal case law.

The above amendment to subsection (d) establishes amechanism by which the public and the press, who are empow-ered by this rule to object to pending motions to close thecourtroom in family matters, will receive timely notice of thecourt’s disposition of such motions.

Sec. 25-59A. Sealing Files or Limiting Dis-closure of Documents in Family Matters(a) Except as otherwise provided by law, there

shall be a presumption that documents filed withthe court shall be available to the public.

(b) Except as provided in this section andexcept as otherwise provided by law, includingSection 13-5, the judicial authority shall not orderthat any files, affidavits, documents, or othermaterials on file with the court or filed in connec-tion with a court proceeding be sealed or theirdisclosure limited.

(c) Upon written motion of any party, or uponits own motion, the judicial authority may order

SUPERIOR COURT—PROCEDURE IN FAMILY MATTERS Sec. 25-59A

that files, affidavits, documents, or other materialson file or lodged with the court or in connectionwith a court proceeding be sealed or their disclo-sure limited only if the judicial authority concludesthat such order is necessary to preserve an inter-est which is determined to override the public’sinterest in viewing such materials. The judicialauthority shall first consider reasonable alterna-tives to any such order and any such order shallbe no broader than necessary to protect suchoverriding interest. An agreement of the partiesto seal or limit the disclosure of documents on filewith the court or filed in connection with a courtproceeding shall not constitute a sufficient basisfor the issuance of such an order.

(d) In connection with any order issued pursuantto subsection (c) of this section, the judicialauthority shall articulate the overriding interestbeing protected and shall specify its findingsunderlying such order and the duration of suchorder. If any findings would reveal informationentitled to remain confidential, those findings maybe set forth in a sealed portion of the record. Thetime, date, scope and duration of any such ordershall be set forth in a writing signed by the judicialauthority which upon issuance the court clerk shallimmediately enter in the court file. The judicialauthority shall order that a transcript of its decisionbe included in the file or prepare a memorandumsetting forth the reasons for its order.

(e) Except as otherwise ordered by the judicialauthority, a motion to seal or limit the disclosureof affidavits, documents, or other materials on fileor lodged with the court or filed in connection witha court proceeding shall be calendared so thatnotice to the public is given of the time and placeof the hearing on the motion and to afford thepublic an opportunity to be heard on the motionunder consideration. The procedures set forth inSections 7-4B and 7-4C shall be followed in con-nection with a motion to file affidavits, documentsor other materials under seal or to limit their dis-closure.

(f) (1) A motion to seal the contents of an entirecourt file shall be placed on the short calendar tobe held not less than fifteen days following thefiling of the motion, unless the judicial authorityotherwise directs, so that notice to the public isgiven of the time and place of the hearing on themotion and to afford the public an opportunity tobe heard on the motion under consideration. Theprocedures set forth in Sections 7-4B and 7-4Cshall be followed in connection with such motion.

(2) The judicial authority may issue an ordersealing the contents of an entire court file onlyupon a finding that there is not available a more

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narrowly tailored method of protecting the overrid-ing interest, such as redaction or sealing a portionof the file. The judicial authority shall state in itsdecision or order each of the more narrowly tai-lored methods that was considered and the rea-son each such method was unavailable orinadequate.

(g) The provisions of this section shall not applyto settlement conferences or negotiations or todocuments submitted to the court in connectionwith such conferences or negotiations. The provi-sions of this section shall apply to settlementagreements which have been filed with the courtor have been incorporated into a judgment ofthe court.

(h) Sworn statements of current income,expenses, assets and liabilities filed with the courtpursuant to Section 25-30 shall be under seal andbe disclosable only to the judicial authority, tocourt personnel, to the parties to the action andtheir attorneys, and to any guardians ad litem andattorneys appointed for any minor childreninvolved in the matter, except as otherwiseordered by the judicial authority. When suchsworn statements are filed the clerk shall placethem in a sealed envelope clearly identified withthe words ‘‘Financial Affidavit.’’ All such swornstatements that are filed in a case may be placedin the same sealed envelope. Any person mayfile a motion to unseal these documents. Whensuch motion is filed, the provisions of paragraphs(a) through (e) of this section shall apply and theparty who filed the documents shall have the bur-den of proving that they should remain sealed.The judicial authority shall order that the automaticsealing pursuant to this paragraph shall terminatewith respect to all such sworn statements then onfile with the court when any hearing is held atwhich financial issues are in dispute. This shallnot preclude a party from filing a motion to sealor limit disclosure of such sworn statements pur-suant to this section.

(i) When placed on a short calendar, motionsfiled under this rule shall be listed in a separatesection titled ‘‘Motions to Seal or Close’’ and shallalso be listed with the time, date and place of thehearing on the judicial branch web site. A copy ofthe short calendar page containing the aforesaidsection shall, upon issuance of the short calendar,be posted on a bulletin board adjacent to theclerk’s office and accessible to the public.

(Adopted May 14, 2003, to take effect July 1, 2003;amended June 21, 2004, to take effect Jan. 1, 2005.)

COMMENTARY—2003: The public and press enjoy a rightof access to attend trials in civil as well as criminal cases. SeeNixon v. Warner Communications, Inc., 435 U.S. 589, 608,98 S. Ct. 1306, 55 L. Ed. 2d 570 (1978). The guarantee ofopen public proceedings in civil trials applies as well to the

SUPERIOR COURT—PROCEDURE IN FAMILY MATTERSSec. 25-59A

sealing of court documents. See Publicker Industries, Inc. v.Cohen, 733 F.2d 1059, 1070–71 (3d Cir. 1984).

See also the Commentary to Section 42-49A.Subsection (h) is intended to minimize the potential for

abuse that can result when personal financial information ismade available to persons who engage in identity theft orother illegal activities.

It is intended that subsection (h) not apply retroactively tosworn statements that have been filed before the effectivedate of this rule.

It is intended that the above rule also apply to family sup-port magistrates.

It is intended that the use of pseudonyms in place of thename of a party or parties not be permitted in family cases.

HISTORY—2005: Prior to 2005, the third sentence of sub-section (d) read: ‘‘The time, date, scope and duration of anysuch order shall forthwith be reduced to writing and be signedby the judicial authority and entered by the court clerk in thecourt file.’’ In 2005, in the first sentence of subsection (h), acomma was substituted for ‘‘and’’ between ‘‘court personnel’’and ‘‘to the parties’’ and the words ‘‘and to any guardians adlitem and attorneys appointed for any minor children involvedin the matter,’’ were inserted.

COMMENTARY—2005: As used in subsection (a) above,the words ‘‘Except as otherwise provided by law’’ are intendedto exempt from the operation of this rule all established proce-dures for the sealing or ex parte filing, in camera inspectionand/or nondisclosure to the public of documents, records andother materials, as required or permitted by statute; e.g., Gen-eral Statutes §§ 12-242vv (pertaining to taxpayer information),52-146c et seq. (pertaining to the disclosure of psychiatricrecords) and 54-56g (pertaining to the pretrial alcohol educa-tion program); other rules of practice; e.g., Practice Book Sec-tions 7-18, 13-5 (6)–(8) and 40-13 (c); and/or controlling stateor federal case law; e.g., Matza v. Matza, 226 Conn. 166,627 A.2d 414 (1993) (establishing a procedure whereby anattorney seeking to withdraw from a case due to his client’santicipated perjury at trial may support his motion to withdrawby filing a sealed affidavit for the court’s review).

The above amendment to subsection (d) establishes amechanism by which the public and the press, who are empow-ered by this rule to object to pending motions to seal files orlimit the disclosure of documents in family matters, will receivetimely notice of the court’s disposition of such motions.

The above change to subsection (h) adds to those catego-ries of individuals to whom financial affidavits filed with thecourt pursuant to Section 25-30 are disclosable the following:guardians ad litem and attorneys appointed for the minorchildren.

Sec. 25-60. Family Division Evaluationsand Studies(a) Whenever, in any family matter, an evalua-

tion or study has been ordered, the case shall notbe disposed of until the report has been filed ashereinafter provided, and counsel and the partieshave had a reasonable opportunity to examine itprior to the time the case is to be heard, unlessthe judicial authority shall order that the case beheard before the report is filed, subject to modifi-cation on the filing of the report.

(b) Any report of an evaluation or study shallbe made in quadruplicate, shall be filed with theclerk, who will impound such reports, and shall

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be mailed to counsel of record. Said report shallbe available for inspection only to counsel ofrecord and to the parties to the action, unlessotherwise ordered by the judicial authority.

(c) Said report shall be admissible in evidenceprovided the author of the report is available forcross-examination.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 479.)

Sec. 25-61. Family DivisionThe family services unit shall, at the request

of the judicial authority, provide assistance withregard to issues concerning custody, visitation,finances, mediation, case management and suchother matters as the judicial authority may direct.

(P.B. 1998.)

Sec. 25-62. Appointment of Guardian AdLitemThe judicial authority may appoint a guardian

ad litem for a minor involved in any family matter.Unless the judicial authority orders that anotherperson be appointed guardian ad litem, a familyrelations counselor shall be designated as guard-ian ad litem. The guardian ad litem is not requiredto be an attorney. If the guardian ad litem is nota family relations counselor, the judicial authoritymay order compensation for services rendered inaccordance with the established judicial branchfee schedule.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 484.)

Sec. 25-63. Right to Counsel in Family CivilContempt Proceedings(a) A person who is before the court in a civil

contempt proceeding involving the failure to com-ply with the order of a judicial authority in a familymatter and who faces potential incarceration shallbe advised of his or her right to be representedby counsel and his or her right to court appointedcounsel if he or she is indigent. If the person isunable to obtain counsel by reason of his or herindigency he or she shall have counsel appointedto represent him or her unless:

(1) He or she waives such appointment pursu-ant to Section 25-64; or

(2) At the time of the application for the appoint-ment of counsel, the judicial authority eliminatesincarceration as a possible result of the proceed-ing and makes a statement to that effect on therecord.

(b) The person shall be further advised that noperson shall continue to be detained in a correc-tional facility pursuant to an order of civil contemptfor longer than thirty days, unless at the expirationof such thirty days he or she is presented to thejudicial authority. On each such presentment, thecontemnor shall be given an opportunity to purge


himself or herself of the contempt by compliancewith the order of the judicial authority. If the con-temnor does not so act, the judicial authority maydirect that the contemnor remain in custody underthe terms of the order of the judicial authority thenin effect, or may modify the order if the interestsof justice so dictate.

(c) Any attorney appointed to represent the con-temnor shall represent such contemnor only onthe contempt, and shall not be appointed for anyother purpose.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 484A.)

Sec. 25-64. —WaiverA person shall be permitted to waive his or her

right to counsel and shall be permitted to repre-sent himself or herself at any stage of the proceed-ings, either prior to or following the appointmentof counsel. A waiver will be accepted only afterthe judicial authority makes a thorough inquiryand is satisfied that the person:

(1) Has been clearly advised of his or her rightto the assistance of counsel, including his or herright to the assignment of counsel when he or sheis so entitled;

(2) Possesses the intelligence and capacity toappreciate the consequences of the decision torepresent himself or herself;

(3) Comprehends the nature of the proceed-ings, the range of permissible sanctions and anyadditional facts essential to a broad understand-ing of the case; and

(4) Has been made aware of the risks and dis-advantages of self-representation.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 484B.)

Sec. 25-65. Family Support Magistrates;Procedure(a) The procedure in any matter which is to be

heard and determined by a family support magis-trate shall conform, where applicable, to the pro-cedure in and for the superior court except asotherwise provided herein.

(b) Any pleading or motion filed in a family sup-port magistrate matter shall indicate, in the lowerright hand corner of the first page of the document,that it is a family support magistrate matter.

(c) Matters to be heard and determined by afamily support magistrate shall be placed on thefamily support magistrate list.

(d) Matters on the family support magistratelist shall be assigned automatically by the familysupport magistrate clerk without the necessity ofa written claim. No such matters shall be soassigned unless filed at least five days before theopening of court on the day the list is to be called.

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(e) Matters upon the family support magistratelist shall not be continued except by order of afamily support magistrate.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 479A.)

Sec. 25-66. Appeal from Decision of FamilySupport MagistrateAny person who is aggrieved by a final decision

of a family support magistrate may appeal suchdecision in accordance with the provisions of Gen-eral Statutes § 46b-231. The appeal shall be insti-tuted by the filing of a petition which shall includethe reasons for the appeal.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 479B.)

Sec. 25-67. Support Enforcement ServicesIn cases where the payment of alimony and

support has been ordered, a support enforcementofficer, where provided by statute, shall:

(1) Whenever there is a default in any paymentof alimony or support of children under judgmentsof dissolution of marriage or civil union or separa-tion, or of support under judgments of support,where necessary, (A) bring an application to afamily support magistrate for a rule requiring saidparty to appear before a family support magistrateto show cause why such party should not be heldin contempt, or (B) take such other action as isprovided by rule or statute.

(2) In connection with subdivision (1) above, orat any other time upon direction of a family supportmagistrate, investigate the financial situation ofthe parties and report his or her findings thereonto a family support magistrate which may autho-rize the officer to bring an application for a rulerequiring any party to appear before a family sup-port magistrate to show cause why there shouldnot be a modification of the judgment.

(3) In non-TANF IV-D cases, review child sup-port orders at the request of either parent subjectto a support order or, in TANF cases, review childsupport orders at the request of the bureau of childsupport enforcement and initiate and facilitate, butnot advocate on behalf of either party, an actionbefore a family support magistrate to modify suchsupport order if it is determined upon such reviewthat the order substantially deviates from the childsupport guidelines established pursuant to Gen-eral Statutes §§ 46b-215a or 46b-215b. Therequesting party shall have the right to suchreview every three years without proving a sub-stantial change in circumstances; more frequentreviews shall be made only if the requesting partydemonstrates a substantial change in circum-stances.



Sec. 25-68. Right to Counsel in State Initi-ated Paternity Actions(a) A putative father named in a state initiated

paternity action shall be advised by the judicialauthority of his right to be represented by counseland his right to court appointed counsel if indigent.If he is unable to obtain counsel by reason ofhis indigency he shall have counsel appointed torepresent him unless he waives such appointmentpursuant to Section 25-64.

(b) In cases under this section a copy of thepaternity petition shall be served on the attorneygeneral in accordance with the provisions of Sec-tions 10-12 through 10-17. The attorney generalshall be a party to such cases, but he or sheneed not be named in the petition or summonedto appear.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 484C.)

Sec. 25-69. Social Services; AdditionalDuties(a) Under the supervision and direction of the

judicial authority, a family relations counselorshall, where there is a motion for change of cus-tody of a child, or where his or her knowledge ofthe family situation causes him or her to believe

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that the welfare of the child requires a hearing ona change of custody, upon direction of the judicialauthority, be permitted to investigate the domesticand financial situation of the parties and reporthis or her findings. The judicial authority maythereafter, on its own motion if necessary, hold ahearing thereon after such notice to the partiesas it deems proper.

(b) Under the supervision and direction of thejudicial authority, the family relations counselorshall conduct such investigations or mediationconferences in domestic relations matters as maybe directed by the judicial authority.

(c) Under the supervision and direction of thejudicial authority, the family relations counselormay, where necessary, bring an application to thecourt for a rule requiring a party to appear beforethe court to show cause why such party shouldnot be held in contempt for failure to comply withan order of the judicial authority for visitation.

(d) Family relations caseworkers, family rela-tions counselors and support enforcement officersshall investigate all criminal matters involving fam-ily relations cases referred to them by the prose-cuting attorney or by the judicial authority.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 481A.)

SUPERIOR COURT—PROCEDURE IN JUVENILE MATTERS Sec. 26-1

SUPERIOR COURT—PROCEDURE IN JUVENILE MATTERS

CHAPTER 26

DEFINITIONS

Sec.26-1. Definitions Applicable to Proceedings on Juvenile

Matters


Sec. 26-1. Definitions Applicable to Pro-ceedings on Juvenile MattersIn these definitions and in the rules of practice

and procedure on juvenile matters, the singularshall include the plural and the plural, the singularwhere appropriate.

(a) (1) ‘‘Child’’ means any person under sixteenyears of age and, for purposes of delinquencymatters and family with service needs matters,‘‘child’’ means any person (A) under sixteen yearsof age whose delinquent act or family with serviceneeds conduct occurred prior to the person’s six-teenth birthday or, (B) sixteen years of age orolder who, prior to attaining sixteen years of age,has violated any federal or state law or municipalor local ordinance, other than an ordinance regu-lating behavior of a child in a family with serviceneeds, and, subsequent to attaining sixteen yearsof age, violates any order of a judicial authorityor any condition of probation ordered by a judicialauthority with respect to such delinquency pro-ceeding; (2) ‘‘Youth’’ means any person sixteenor seventeen years of age; (3) ‘‘Youth in crisis’’means any youth who, within the last two years,(A) has without just cause run away from theparental home or other properly authorized andlawful place of abode; (B) is beyond the controlof the youth’s parents, guardian or other custo-dian; or (C) has four unexcused absences fromschool in any one month or ten unexcusedabsences in any school year; (4) The definitionsof the terms ‘‘abused,’’ ‘‘mentally deficient,’’‘‘delinquent,’’ ‘‘delinquent act,’’ ‘‘dependent,’’‘‘neglected,’’ ‘‘uncared for,’’ ‘‘alcohol-dependentchild,’’ ‘‘family with service needs,’’ ‘‘drug-depen-dent child,’’ ‘‘serious juvenile offense,’’ ‘‘seriousjuvenile offender,’’ and ‘‘serious juvenile repeatoffender’’ shall be as set forth in General Statutes§ 46b-120. (5) ‘‘Indian child’’ means an unmarriedperson under age eighteen who is either a mem-ber of a federally recognized Indian tribe or iseligible for membership in a federally recognized

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Indian tribe and is the biological child of a memberof a federally recognized Indian tribe, and isinvolved in custody proceedings, excluding delin-quency proceedings.

(b) ‘‘Commitment’’ means an order of the judi-cial authority whereby custody and/or guardian-ship of a child or youth are transferred to thecommissioner of the department of children andfamilies.

(c) ‘‘Complaint’’ means a written allegation orstatement presented to the judicial authority thata child’s or youth’s conduct as a delinquent orsituation as a child from a family with serviceneeds or youth in crisis brings the child or youthwithin the jurisdiction of the judicial authority asprescribed by General Statutes § 46b-121.

(d) ‘‘Detention’’ means a secure building or staffsecure facility for the temporary care of a childwho is the subject of a delinquent complaint.

(e) ‘‘Family support center’’ means a commu-nity-based service center for children and familiesinvolved with a complaint that has been filed withthe Superior Court under General Statutes § 46b-149, that provides multiple services, or access tosuch services, for the purpose of preventing suchchildren and families from having further involve-ment with the court as families with service needs.

(f) ‘‘Guardian’’ means a person who has a judi-cially created relationship with a child or youthwhich is intended to be permanent and self sus-taining as evidenced by the transfer to the care-taker of the following parental rights with respectto the child or youth: protection, education, careand control of the person, custody of the personand decision making.

(g) ‘‘Hearing’’ means an activity of the court onthe record in the presence of a judicial authorityand shall include (1) ‘‘Adjudicatory hearing’’: Acourt hearing to determine the validity of the factsalleged in a petition or information to establishthereby the judicial authority’s jurisdiction todecide the matter which is the subject of the peti-tion or information; (2) ‘‘Contested hearing on an

SUPERIOR COURT—PROCEDURE IN JUVENILE MATTERSSec. 26-1

order of temporary custody’’ means a hearing onan ex parte order of temporary custody or an orderto appear which is held not later than ten daysfrom the day of a preliminary hearing on suchorders. Contested hearings shall be held on con-secutive days except for compelling circum-stances or at the request of the respondent; (3)‘‘Dispositive hearing’’: The judicial authority’sjurisdiction to adjudicate the matter which is thesubject of the petition or information having beenestablished, a court hearing in which the judicialauthority, after considering the social study or pre-dispositional study and the total circumstances ofthe child or youth, orders whatever action is in thebest interests of the child, youth or family and,where applicable, the community. In the discretionof the judicial authority, evidence concerning adju-dication and disposition may be presented in asingle hearing. (4) ‘‘Preliminary hearing’’ meansa hearing on an ex parte order of temporary cus-tody or an order to appear or the first hearing ona petition alleging that a child or youth is uncaredfor, neglected, or dependent. A preliminary hear-ing on any ex parte custody order or order toappear shall be held not later than ten days fromthe issuance of the order. (5) ‘‘Plea hearing’’ is ahearing at which (i) A parent or guardian who isa named respondent in a neglect, uncared for ordependency petition, upon being advised of hisor her rights admits, denies, or pleads nolo con-tendere to allegations contained in the petition; or(ii) a child or youth who is a named respondentin a delinquency petition or information enters aplea of not guilty, guilty, or nolo contendere uponbeing advised of the charges against him or hercontained in the information or petition, or a hear-ing at which a child or youth who is a namedrespondent in a family with service needs or youthin crisis petition admits or denies the allegationscontained in the petition upon being advised ofthe allegations.

(h) ‘‘Parent’’ means a biological mother or fatheror adoptive mother or father except a biologicalor adoptive mother or father whose parental rightshave been terminated; or the father of any childor youth born out of wedlock, provided at the timeof the filing of the petition (1) he has been adjudi-cated the father of such child or youth by a courtwhich possessed the authority to make such adju-dication, or (2) he has acknowledged in writing tobe the father of such child or youth, or (3) he hascontributed regularly to the support of such child,or (4) his name appears on the birth certificate,or (5) he has filed a claim for paternity as providedunder General Statutes § 46b-172a, or (6) he hasbeen named in the petition as the father of theminor child or youth by the mother.

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(i) ‘‘Parties’’ includes: (1) The child or youth whois the subject of a proceeding and those additionalpersons as defined herein; (2) ‘‘Legal party’’: Anyperson, including a parent, whose legal relation-ship to the matter pending before the judicialauthority is of such a nature and kind as to man-date the receipt of proper legal notice as a condi-tion precedent to the establishment of the judicialauthority’s jurisdiction to adjudicate the matterpending before it; and (3) ‘‘Intervening party’’: Anyperson whose interest in the matter before thejudicial authority is not of such a nature and kindas to entitle legal service or notice as a prerequi-site to the judicial authority’s jurisdiction to adjudi-cate the matter pending before it but whoseparticipation therein, at the discretion of the judi-cial authority, may promote the interests of justice.An ‘‘intervening party’’ may in any proceedingbefore the judicial authority be given notice thereofin any manner reasonably appropriate to that end,but no such ‘‘intervening party’’ shall be entitled,as a matter of right, to provision of counsel bythe court.

(j) ‘‘Permanency plan’’ means a plan developedby the commissioner of the department of childrenand families for the permanent placement of achild or youth in the commissioner’s care. Perma-nency plans shall be reviewed by the judicialauthority as prescribed in General Statutes§§ 17a-110 (b), 17a-111b (c), 46b-129 (k) and46b-141.

(k) ‘‘Petition’’ means a formal pleading, exe-cuted under oath, alleging that the respondent iswithin the judicial authority’s jurisdiction to adjudi-cate the matter which is the subject of the petitionby reason of cited statutory provisions and seek-ing a disposition. Except for a petition for erasureof record, such petitions invoke a judicial hearingand shall be filed by any one of the parties author-ized to do so by statute.

(l) ‘‘Information’’ means a formal pleading filedby a prosecutor alleging that a child or youth in adelinquency matter is within the judicial author-ity’s jurisdiction.

(m) ‘‘Probation’’ means a legal status created indelinquency cases following conviction whereby arespondent child is permitted to remain in thehome or in the physical custody of a relative orother fit person subject to supervision by the courtthrough the court’s probation officers and uponsuch terms as the judicial authority determines,subject to the continuing jurisdiction of the judi-cial authority.

(n) ‘‘Respondent’’ means a person who isalleged to be a delinquent or a child from a familywith service needs, or a youth in crisis, or a parentor a guardian of a child or youth who is the subject


of a petition alleging that the child is uncared for,neglected, or dependent or requesting terminationof parental rights.

(o) ‘‘Specific steps’’ means those judiciallydetermined steps the parent or guardian and thecommissioner of the department of children andfamilies should take in order for the parent orguardian to retain or regain custody of a childor youth.

(p) ‘‘Staff secure facility’’ means a residentialfacility (1) that does not include construction fea-tures designed to physically restrict the move-ments and activities of juvenile residents who areplaced therein, (2) that may establish reasonablerules restricting entrance to and egress from thefacility, and (3) in which the movements and activi-ties of individual juvenile residents may, for treat-ment purposes, be restricted or subject to controlthrough the use of intensive staff supervision.

(q) ‘‘Supervision’’ includes: (1) ‘‘Nonjudicialsupervision’’: A legal status without the filing of apetition or a court conviction or adjudication butfollowing the child’s admission to a complaintwherein a probation officer exercises supervisionover the child with the consent of the child and theparent; (2) ‘‘Protective supervision’’: A dispositionfollowing adjudication in neglected, uncared foror dependent cases created by an order of thejudicial authority requesting a supervising agencyother than the court to assume the responsibilityof furthering the welfare of the family and bestinterests of the child or youth when the child’s oryouth’s place of abode remains with the parentor any suitable or worthy person, subject to thecontinuing jurisdiction of the court; and (3) ‘‘Judi-cial supervision’’: A legal status similar to proba-tion for a child adjudicated to be from a familywith service needs or subject to supervision pur-suant to an order of suspended proceedingsunder General Statutes § 46b-133b or § 46b-133e.

(r) ‘‘Take into Custody Order’’ means an orderby a judicial authority that a child be taken intocustody and immediately turned over to a deten-tion superintendent where probable cause hasbeen found that the child has committed a delin-quent act and the child meets the criteria set forthin Section 31a-13.

(s) ‘‘Victim’’ means the person who is the victimof a delinquent act, a parent or guardian of suchperson, the legal representative of such personor an advocate appointed for such person pursu-ant to General Statutes § 54-221.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 1023.1.) (Amended June 24, 2002,to take effect Jan. 1, 2003; amended June 30, 2008, to takeeffect Jan. 1, 2009.)

TECHNICAL CHANGE: Numbers replaced letters for theitems listed in what is now subsection (h).

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HISTORY—2009: In 2009, in subsection (a) (3) (B), ‘‘theyouth’s’’ was added between ‘‘control of’’ and ‘‘parents,’’ and‘‘child’’ was inserted in (4), following ‘‘alcohol-dependent.’’ Thepresent subsection (e) was added, which necessitated rede-signation of the succeeding subsections. Prior to 2009, sub-sections (e) through (p) read: ‘‘(e) ‘Guardian’ means a personwho has a judicially created relationship with a child which isintended to be permanent and self sustaining as evidencedby the transfer to the caretaker of the following parental rightswith respect to the child: protection, education, care and controlof the person, custody of the person and decision making.

‘‘(f) ‘Hearing’ means an activity of the court on the recordin the presence of a judicial authority and shall include (1)‘Adjudicatory hearing’: A court hearing to determine the validityof the facts alleged in a petition or information to establishthereby the judicial authority’s jurisdiction to decide the matterwhich is the subject of the petition or information; (2) ‘Con-tested hearing on an order of temporary custody’ means ahearing on an ex parte order of temporary custody or an orderto show cause which is held within ten days from the day ofa preliminary hearing on such orders. Contested hearings shallbe held on consecutive days except for compelling circum-stances or at the request of the parent or guardian; (3) ‘Disposi-tive hearing’: The judicial authority’s jurisdiction to adjudicatethe matter which is the subject of the petition or informationhaving been established, a court hearing in which the judicialauthority, after considering the social study or predispositionalstudy and the total circumstances of the child, orders whateveraction is in the best interests of the child and, where applicable,the community. In the discretion of the judicial authority, evi-dence concerning adjudication and disposition may be pre-sented in a single hearing. (4) ‘Preliminary hearing’ means ahearing on an ex parte order of temporary custody or an orderto appear or the first hearing on a petition alleging that a childor youth is uncared for, neglected, or dependent. A preliminaryhearing on any ex parte custody order or order to appear shallbe held within ten days from the issuance of the order. (5)‘Plea hearing’ is a hearing at which (i) A parent or guardian whois a named respondent in a neglect, uncared for or dependencypetition, upon being advised of his or her rights admits, denies,or pleads nolo contendere to allegations contained in the peti-tion; or (ii) a child or youth who is a named respondent in adelinquency petition or information enters a plea of not guilty,guilty, or nolo contendere upon being advised of the chargesagainst him or her contained in the information or petition, ora hearing at which a child or youth who is a named respondentin a family with service needs or youth in crisis petition admitsor denies the allegations contained in the petition upon beingadvised of the allegations.

‘‘(g) ‘Parent’ means a biological mother or father or adoptive,mother or father except a biological or adoptive mother orfather whose parental rights have been terminated; or thefather of any child born out of wedlock, provided at the timeof the filing of the petition (A) he has been adjudicated thefather of such child by a court which possessed the authorityto make such adjudication, or (B) he has acknowledged inwriting to be the father of such child, or (C) he has contributedregularly to the support of such child, or (D) his name appearson the birth certificate, or (E) he has filed a claim for paternityas provided under General Statutes § 46b-172a, or (F) he hasbeen named in the petition as the father of the minor child bythe mother.

‘‘(h) ‘Parties’ includes: (1) The child or youth who is thesubject of a proceeding and those additional persons asdefined herein; (2) ‘Legal party’: Any person, including a par-ent, whose legal relationship to the matter pending before thejudicial authority is of such a nature and kind as to mandate


the receipt of proper legal notice as a condition precedentto the establishment of the judicial authority’s jurisdiction toadjudicate the matter pending before it; and (3) ‘Interveningparty’: Any person whose interest in the matter before thejudicial authority is not of such a nature and kind as to entitlelegal service as a prerequisite to the judicial authority’s jurisdic-tion to adjudicate the matter pending before it but whose partic-ipation therein, at the discretion of the judicial authority, maypromote the interests of justice. An ‘intervening party’ may inany proceeding before the judicial authority be given noticethereof in any manner reasonably appropriate to that end, butno such ‘intervening party’ shall be entitled, as a matter ofright, to provision of counsel by the court.

‘‘(i) ‘Permanency plan’ means a plan developed by thecommissioner of children and families for the permanent place-ment of a child in the commissioner’s care. Permanency plansshall be reviewed by the judicial authority as prescribed inGeneral Statutes §§ 17a-110 (b), 17a-111b (b), 46b-129 (k)and 46b-141.

‘‘(j) ‘Petition’ means a formal pleading, executed under oathalleging that the respondent is within the judicial authority’sjurisdiction to adjudicate the matter which is the subject of thepetition by reason of cited statutory provisions and seeking adisposition. Except for a petition for erasure of record, suchpetitions invoke a judicial hearing and shall be executed byany one of the parties authorized to do so by statute, provideda delinquency petition may be executed by either a probationofficer or juvenile prosecutor.

‘‘(k) ‘Information’ means a formal pleading executed by aprosecutor alleging that a child or youth in a delinquency matteris within the judicial authority’s jurisdiction.

‘‘(l) ‘Probation’ means a legal status created in delinquencycases following conviction whereby a respondent child is per-mitted to remain in the home or in the physical custody of arelative or other fit person subject to supervision by the courtthrough the court’s probation officers and upon such termsas the judicial authority determines, subject to the continuingjurisdiction of the judicial authority.

‘‘(m) ‘Respondent’ means a child who is alleged to be adelinquent or a child from a family with service needs, or ayouth in crisis, or a parent or a guardian of a child who is thesubject of a petition alleging that the child is uncared for,neglected, or dependent or requesting termination of paren-tal rights.

‘‘(n) ‘Specific steps’ means those judicially determinedsteps the parent or guardian and the commissioner of childrenand families should take in order for the parent or guardianto retain or regain custody of a child or youth.

‘‘(o) ‘Supervision’ includes: (1) ‘Nonjudicial supervision’: Alegal status without the filing of a petition or a court convictionor adjudication but following the child or youth’s admission toa complaint wherein a probation officer exercises supervisionover the child or youth with the consent of the child or youth andthe parent; (2) ‘Protective supervision’: A disposition followingadjudication in neglected, uncared for or dependent casescreated by an order of the judicial authority requesting a super-vising agency other than the court to assume the responsibilityof furthering the welfare of the family and best interests of thechild when the child’s place of abode remains with the parentor any suitable or worthy person, subject to the continuing

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jurisdiction of the court; and (3) ‘Judicial supervision’: A legalstatus equivalent to probation for a child adjudicated to befrom a family with service needs or subject to supervisionpursuant to an order of suspended proceedings under GeneralStatutes § 46b-133b.

‘‘(p) ‘Take into Custody Order’ means an order by a judicialauthority that a child be taken into custody and immediatelyturned over to a detention supervisor.’’

In 2009, the present subsection (p) was added, what hadbeen subsection (o) was redesignated subsection (q) and whathad been subsection (p) became subsection (r). In the newlydesignated subsection (r), ‘‘superintendent where probablecause has been found that the child has committed a delin-quent act and the child meets the criteria set forth in Section31a-13’’ was substituted for ‘‘supervisor.’’ Also, in 2009, sub-section (s) was added.

COMMENTARY—2009: The changes in subsection (a) aremade to standardize terms.

New subsection (e) adopts the definition of ‘‘family supportcenter’’ in Public Act 07-4 (June Special Session), § 31 (a).

The revision in subsection (f) reflects General Statutes§ 46b-120 (1) and (2) that define child and youth separatelyin child protection cases; therefore, youth must be added.

Changes in subsection (g) (2) are intended to adopt provi-sions of General Statutes § 46b-129 (d), as amended by PublicAct 06-102, § 9. The type of hearing addressed in subsection(g) (3) occurs in delinquency, family with service needs, andchild protection matters; therefore, ‘‘youth’’ has been added.The revision in subsection (g) (4) adopts provisions of GeneralStatutes § 46b-129 (d), as amended by Public Act 06-102, § 9.

Subsection (h) applies to child protection matters; therefore,it has been amended to reference both child and youth.

Subsection (i) has been revised to reflect that not everyhearing requires legal service; therefore, to be more inclusive,notice is added.

The changes in subsection (j) are made to standardizeterms. Because the definition applies to child protection mat-ters, it has been amended to reference both child and youth.

Use of the term ‘‘filed’’ in subsection (k) reflects existingprocedure. The deleted phrase in this subsection is redundant,as the phrase that immediately precedes it includes these indi-viduals.

The use of the term ‘‘filed’’ in subsection (l) reflectsexisting procedure.

The more general term ‘‘person’’ is used in subsection (n)to encompass all terms that are later listed: child, youth,and parent.

The change in subsection (o) is made to standardize terms.New subsection (p) adopts the definition of ‘‘staff secure

facility’’ in Public Act 07-4 (June Special Session), § 32 (c).The changes in subsection (q) are made to standardize

terms and for clarification. The change is made in (q) (1)because the statute does not provide for nonjudicial handlingof youth in crisis matters. The statutory reference is added insubsection (q) (3) because it provides for suspended proceed-ings for participation in the school violence preventionprogram.

The amendment to subsection (r) adds language to includethe legal standard.

New subsection (s) adopts the definition of ‘‘victim’’ in Gen-eral Statutes § 46b-122.


CHAPTER 27

RECEPTION AND PROCESSING OF DELINQUENCY AND FAMILY WITHSERVICE NEEDS COMPLAINTS OR PETITIONS

(Amended June 30, 2008, to take effect Jan. 1, 2009.)

HISTORY—2009: Prior to 2009, this chapter was entitled, ‘‘RECEPTION AND PROCESSING OF NONJUDICIAL DELIN-QUENCY, FAMILY WITH SERVICE NEEDS, OR YOUTH IN CRISIS COMPLAINTS, OR PETITIONS.’’

Sec. Sec.27-1. Complaints; In General [Repealed]27-1A. Referrals for Nonjudicial Handling of Delinquency

Complaints27-2. —Insufficient Allegations in Complaints [Repealed]27-3. —Sufficient Allegations in Complaints [Repealed]27-4. Additional Offenses and Misconduct27-4A. Ineligibility for Nonjudicial Handling of Delin-

quency Complaint


Sec. 27-1. Complaints; In General[Repealed as of Jan. 1, 2003.]

Sec. 27-1A. Referrals for Nonjudicial Han-dling of Delinquency Complaints(Amended June 30, 2008, to take effect Jan. 1, 2009.)(a) Any police summons accompanied by a

police report alleging an act of delinquency shallbe in writing and signed by the police officer andfiled with the clerk of the superior court for juvenilematters. After juvenile identification and docketnumbers are assigned, the summons and reportshall be referred to the probation department forpossible nonjudicial handling.

(b) If the probation officer determines that adelinquency complaint is eligible for nonjudicialhandling, the probation officer may cause a noticeto be mailed to the child and parent or guardiansetting forth with reasonable particularity the con-tents of the complaint and fixing a time and loca-tion of the court and date not less than sevendays, excluding Saturdays, Sundays, and holi-days, subsequent to mailing.

(c) Delinquency matters eligible for nonjudicialhandling shall be designated as such on thedocket. If the prosecuting authority objects to thedesignation, the judicial authority shall determineif such designation is appropriate. The judicialauthority may refer to the office of juvenile proba-tion a matter so designated and may, sua sponte,refer a matter for nonjudicial handling prior to adju-dication.

(Adopted June 24, 2002, to take effect Jan. 1, 2003;amended June 30, 2008, to take effect Jan. 1, 2009.)

HISTORY—2009: Prior to 2009, this section was entitled,‘‘Referrals for Nonjudicial Handing.’’ In 2009, ‘‘assigned’’ was

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27-5. Initial Interview for Delinquency Nonjudicial Han-dling Eligibility

27-6. Denial of Responsibility27-7. —Written Statement of Responsibility27-8. —Scheduling of Judicial Plea/Dispositional Hear-

ing [Repealed]27-8A. Nonjudicial Supervision—Delinquency27-9. Family with Service Needs Referrals

substituted for ‘‘entered’’ in the second sentence of subsection(a). In 2009, the last sentence of subsection (a) was deleted.That sentence read: ‘‘Any family with service needs or youth incrisis complaint or petition may be designated by the probationdepartment for nonjudicial handling.’’

Prior to 2009, subsection (b) read: ‘‘If the probation officerinitiates a delinquency, family with service needs or youth incrisis petition that may be eligible for nonjudicial handling, theprobation officer shall cause a summons to be issued or mailedto the child and parent or guardian containing a notice toappear setting forth with reasonable particularity the allega-tions of the petition and fixing a time and location of the courtand date not less than seven days, excluding Saturdays, Sun-days, and holidays, subsequent to service or mailing.’’ ‘‘Delin-quency matters’’ was substituted for ‘‘matters’’ in subsection(c).

COMMENTARY—2009: Entirely new processing proce-dures for family with service needs (FWSN) matters areaddressed in new Section 27-9 of this chapter. Throughoutthis chapter specific references are now made only to delin-quency and FWSN matters. Youth in crisis matters will beaddressed in accordance with policies established by the chiefcourt administrator.

In subsection (a) use of the term ‘‘assigned’’ more accu-rately reflects proper procedure. The change from ‘‘shall’’ to‘‘may’’ in subsection (b) provides for the situation when a childis previously issued a summons to appear by a police officerand additional notice by a probation officer may not be neces-sary. Other technical changes in this section are made toreflect the fact that nonjudicial cases are processed basedupon complaints filed without petitions.

Sec. 27-2. —Insufficient Allegations in Com-plaints[Repealed as of Jan. 1, 2003.]

Sec. 27-3. —Sufficient Allegations in Com-plaints[Repealed as of Jan. 1, 2003.]


Sec. 27-4. Additional Offenses and Mis-conduct(Amended June 24, 2002, to take effect Jan. 1, 2003.)Any additional police summons, delinquency

complaint, delinquency petition, or informationregarding a child which is received by the courtprior to action by the judicial authority on anypending request for nonjudicial handling shall beconsolidated with the initial offenses or miscon-duct for purposes of eligibility for nonjudicialhandling.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 1025.1 (2).) (Amended June 24,2002, to take effect Jan. 1, 2003; amended June 30, 2008,to take effect Jan. 1, 2009.)

HISTORY—2009: In 2009, ‘‘delinquency’’ was addedbefore ‘‘complaint’’ and ‘‘petition,’’ a comma was substitutedfor ‘‘or’’ after ‘‘complaint,’’ and ‘‘, or information’’ was addedbefore ‘‘regarding a child.’’

COMMENTARY—2009: The revisions to this section arefor clarification and to reflect the fact that an information mayalso be used in these cases.

Sec. 27-4A. Ineligibility for Nonjudicial Han-dling of Delinquency Complaint(Amended June 30, 2008, to take effect Jan. 1, 2009.)In the case of a delinquency complaint, a child

shall not be eligible for nonjudicial handling if oneor more of the following apply, unless waived bythe judicial authority:

(1) The alleged misconduct:(A) is a serious juvenile offense under General

Statutes § 46b-120, or any other felony or viola-tion of General Statutes § 53a-54d;

(B) concerns the theft or unlawful use or opera-tion of a motor vehicle; or

(C) concerns the sale of, or possession of withintent to sell, any illegal drugs or the use or pos-session of a firearm.

(2) The child was previously convicted delin-quent or adjudged a child from a family with ser-vice needs.

(3) The child admitted nonjudicially at leasttwice previously to having been delinquent.

(4) The alleged misconduct was committed bya child while on probation or under judicial super-vision.

(5) If the nature of the alleged misconduct war-rants judicial intervention.


HISTORY—2009: Prior to 2009, this section was entitled,‘‘Ineligibility for Nonjudicial Handling.’’ In 2009, ‘‘[i]n the caseof a delinquency complaint,’’ was added as the introductoryclause of this section, before ‘‘a child shall not be eligible fornonjudicial handling.’’ Also, in 2009, ‘‘convicted’’ was substi-tuted for ‘‘adjudged’’ in (2) before ‘‘delinquent,’’ and ‘‘adjudged’’was added before ‘‘a child from a family with service needs.’’In (3), ‘‘having’’ was substituted for ‘‘have,’’ and ‘‘or a childfrom a family with service needs’’ was deleted, following‘‘delinquent.’’

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COMMENTARY—2009: The change made in paragraph(2) adopts terminology used in General Statutes § 46b-140 (a).Additional changes are made in this section because entirelynew processing procedures for family with service needs mat-ters are now addressed in new Section 27-9.

Sec. 27-5. Initial Interview for DelinquencyNonjudicial Handling Eligibility(Amended June 24, 2002, to take effect Jan. 1, 2003;

amended June 30, 2008, to take effect Jan. 1, 2009.)(a) At the initial interview to determine eligibility

for nonjudicial handling of a delinquency com-plaint, held at the time of arraignment or noticedate, the probation officer shall inquire of the childand parent or guardian whether they have readthe court documents and understand the natureof the complaint set forth therein. Any allegationsof misconduct being considered for nonjudicialhandling, including any additional allegations notcontained in the summons or notice to appearbecause they were filed with the court after theissuance of that notice shall likewise be explainedin simple and nontechnical language.

(b) The probation officer shall inform the childand parent or guardian of their rights under Sec-tion 30a-1. If either the child or the parent or guard-ian state that they wish to be represented bycounsel, or if the probation officer determines thata judicial hearing is necessary, the interview shallend. Any further interview to consider nonjudicialhandling shall take place with counsel presentunless waived.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 1025.1 (3), (4).) (Amended June 24,2002, to take effect Jan. 1, 2003; amended June 30, 2008,to take effect Jan. 1, 2009.)

HISTORY—2009: Prior to 2009, this section was entitled,‘‘Initial Interview for Nonjudicial Handling Eligibility.’’ In 2009,‘‘of a delinquency complaint’’ was added to the first sentenceof subsection (a), before ‘‘held at the time of arraignment ornotice date.’’

COMMENTARY—2009: The revision to this section clari-fies that this process is only to be used for delinquency com-plaints.

Sec. 27-6. Denial of Responsibility(Amended June 24, 2002, to take effect Jan. 1, 2003.)Where the child denies responsibility for the

alleged misconduct, the interview shall end andthe child and the parent or guardian shall beinformed that, if the evidence warrants, the casewill be set down for a plea hearing.


HISTORY—2009: Prior to 2009, this section read: ‘‘Wherethe child denies responsibility for the alleged misconduct, theinterview shall end and the child and the parent or guardianshall be informed that, if the evidence warrants, the case willbe set down for a judicial hearing to determine the child’sresponsibility for the alleged misconduct, for which hearingthe child must have counsel unless waived and for which


hearing the judicial authority will provide counsel if the partiescannot afford counsel.’’

COMMENTARY—2009: The revisions to this section aremade because procedures concerning the plea hearing andappointment of counsel are now set forth in Section 30a-1 andto clarify that this process is only to be used for delinquency.

Sec. 27-7. —Written Statement of Responsi-bility(a) Where the child and the parent or guardian

affirm that they are ready to go forward with theinvestigation, with or without counsel, and to makea statement concerning the child’s responsibilityfor the alleged misconduct, such affirmation mustbe embodied in a written statement of responsibil-ity executed by both child and parent, or guardian,and, in the case of the child, in the presence ofthe parent or guardian.

(b) If a child orally acknowledges responsibilityfor the alleged misconduct but refuses to executea written statement of responsibility, such an oraladmission shall not be accepted as the equivalentof an admission, and the case shall be dealt within the manner prescribed in Section 27-6. If thewritten statement of responsibility is executed, theprobation officer shall proceed with the nonjudicialhandling of the case.

(c) The age, intelligence and maturity of thechild and the mutuality of interests between parentor guardian and child shall be weighed indetermining their competency to execute suchwritten statement of responsibility.


HISTORY—2009: Prior to 2009, the second sentence ofsubsection (b) read: ‘‘If the written statement of responsibilityis executed, the probation officer shall accept it as authoriza-tion to proceed with those aspects of investigation which areessential to the compiling of the predispositional study.’’

COMMENTARY—2009: The above change clarifies thatthis process is only to be used for delinquency. A predisposi-tional study is not prepared in a case that is handled nonjudi-cially.

Sec. 27-8. —Scheduling of Judicial Plea/Dispositional Hearing[Repealed as of Jan. 1. 2003.]

Sec. 27-8A. Nonjudicial Supervision—Del-inquency(Amended June 30, 2008, to take effect Jan. 1, 2009.)(a) If a child has acknowledged responsibility

for the alleged misconduct which is not one forwhich a judicial hearing is mandated pursuant toSection 27-4A, and the probation officer has thenfound from investigation of the child’s total circum-stances that some form of court accountabilityless exacting than that arising out of a court

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appearance appears to be in the child’s best inter-ests, the officer may, subject to the conditionsimposed by subsection (b) hereof, place the childon nonjudicial supervision for a term establishedby the juvenile probation supervisor for a periodnot to exceed 180 days.

(b) Whenever the probation officer seeks toeffect nonjudicial supervision, the parent and thechild shall have a right to a conference with theprobation officer’s administrative superior, or acourt hearing. Whenever a parent or child electsto pursue either or both rights, supervision shallbe held in abeyance until the outcome thereof.

(c) Such nonjudicial supervision when com-pleted shall constitute a resolution of the case,and thereafter a child may not again be presentedfor formal court action on the same summons,complaint or petition or the facts therein set forth,provided however, that a judicial hearing may beinitiated on the original summons, complaint, peti-tion, or information during said nonjudicial super-vision if there has been a failure to comply withterms of the supervision and any oral or writtenstatement of responsibility shall not be usedagainst the child. When the judicial authority refersthe file for nonjudicial handling, the referral ordershould provide that upon successful completionof any nonjudicial handling, the matter will be dis-missed and erased immediately without the filingof a request, application or petition for erasure,for all purposes except for subsequent consider-ation for nonjudicial handling under Section 27-4A.


HISTORY—2009: Prior to 2009, this section was entitled,‘‘Nonjudicial Supervision.’’ In 2009, a comma was substitutedfor ‘‘or’’ between ‘‘complaint’’ and ‘‘petition’’ in the first sentenceof subsection (c). In addition, ‘‘, or information’’ was added tothat sentence, following ‘‘petition,’’ and ‘‘nonjudicial’’ wasadded before ‘‘supervision.’’ In the second sentence of subsec-tion (c), ‘‘immediately without the filing of a request, applicationor petition for erasure,’’ was added after ‘‘dismissed anderased.’’

COMMENTARY—2009: The revisions to subsection (c) aremade because an information may also be used in these casesand to clarify the nonjudicial erasure provision.

Sec. 27-9. Family with Service NeedsReferrals(a) Any complaint alleging that a child is from

a family with service needs shall be referred to aprobation officer, who shall determine its suffi-ciency as a family with service needs complaint.If the probation officer determines the complaintis sufficient, the probation officer shall, after initialassessment promptly refer the child and the


child’s family to a suitable community-based pro-gram or other service provider or to a family sup-port center for voluntary services.

(b) If the child and the child’s family are referredto a community-based program or other serviceprovider and the person in charge of such programor provider determines that the child and thechild’s family can no longer benefit from its ser-vices, such person shall inform the probation offi-cer, who shall, after an appropriate assessment,either refer the child and the child’s family to afamily support center for additional services ordetermine whether or not to file a petition with thecourt. If the child and the child’s family are referredto a family support center and the person in chargeof the family support center determines that thechild and the child’s family can no longer benefitfrom its services, such person shall inform the

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probation officer, who may file a petition withthe court.

(c) When a judicial authority, after a petition hasbeen filed, refers a child alleged to be from afamily with service needs to community-basedservices or other services or a family support cen-ter pursuant to General Statutes § 46b-149 (g),the referral order should provide that upon suc-cessful resolution, the matter will be dismissedand erased without the filing of a request, applica-tion, or petition for erasure for all purposes exceptsubsequent consideration for nonjudicial handlingof a delinquency complaint under Section 27-4A.

(Adopted June 30, 2008, to take effect Jan. 1, 2009.)COMMENTARY—2009: This new section is intended to

adopt provisions of General Statutes § 46b-149, as amendedby Public Act 07-4 (June Special Session), § 30. It also pro-vides for dismissal and erasure of petitions as previously pro-vided for family with service needs matters in Section 27-8A (c).


CHAPTER 28

DELINQUENCY AND FAMILY WITH SERVICE NEEDSNONJUDICIAL SUPERVISION

[Repealed as of Jan. 1, 2003.]

Sec.28-1. Nonjudicial Supervision [Repealed] (Transferred to

Section 27-8A.)


Sec. 28-1. Nonjudicial Supervision[Repealed as of Jan. 1, 2003.]

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CHAPTER 29

RECEPTION AND PROCESSING OF DELINQUENCY, CHILD FROM FAMILY WITH SERVICENEEDS AND YOUTH IN CRISIS PETITIONS AND DELINQUENCY INFORMATIONS

Sec. Sec.29-1. Contents of Delinquency, Family with Service

Needs, and Youth In Crisis Petitions or Delin-quency Informations

29-1A. Processing of Delinquency Petitions and Infor-mations


Sec. 29-1. Contents of Delinquency, Familywith Service Needs, and Youth In Crisis Peti-tions or Delinquency Informations(Amended June 24, 2002, to take effect Jan. 1, 2003.)(a) A delinquency petition or information shall

set forth in plain, concise and definite languagethe offense which the petitioner contends the childhas committed. The petition or information shallfurther state the citation of any provision of lawwhich is the basis of the petition or information,together with a statement that the offenseoccurred on or about a particular date or periodof time at a particular location.

(b) A family with service needs or youth in crisispetition shall set forth in plain, concise and definitelanguage the specific misconduct which the peti-tioner contends the child or youth has committed.The petition shall further state the citation of anyprovision of law which is the basis of the petition,together with a statement that the misconductoccurred on or about a particular date or periodof time at a particular location.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 1027.1(1), (2).) (Amended June 24,2002, to take effect Jan. 1, 2003.)

Sec. 29-1A. Processing of Delinquency Peti-tions and InformationsThe procedures promulgated in General Stat-

utes §§ 46b-128 or 46b-133 (a), (b) and (c) shallapply. Any police summons and report whichrequires judicial processing should be returned tothe clerk for preparation of a formal informationbased on the police summons or report. The infor-mation, summons and report shall be submittedto the juvenile prosecutor for review and verified

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29-1B. Processing of Family With Service Needs andYouth In Crisis Petitions

29-2. Service of Petitions

signature. The juvenile prosecutor may thereafterfile an amendment or a substituted information.

(Adopted June 24, 2002, to take effect Jan. 1, 2003.)

Sec. 29-1B. Processing of Family With Ser-vice Needs and Youth In Crisis PetitionsThe procedures promulgated in General Stat-

utes §§ 46b-149 and 46b-150f shall apply. Courtprocess shall be initiated by a petition filed by aprobation officer and signed and verified by thejuvenile prosecutor.


Sec. 29-2. Service of Petitions(a) Notice of summons, together with a copy of

the verified delinquency, family with service needsor youth in crisis petition, may be made to thechild or youth and parent, guardian or other per-son having control of the child or youth by servicein accordance with any one of the methods set outin General Statutes § 46b-128. Any notice sent byfirst class mail shall include a provision informingthe party that appearance in court as a result ofthe notice may subject the appearing party to thejurisdiction of the court. If the child or youth doesnot appear on the plea date, service shall be madein accordance with General Statutes § 46b-128or § 46b-149 (d), as appropriate.

(b) Petitions alleging delinquency, family withservice needs or youth in crisis misconduct shallbe served or delivered not less than seven daysbefore the date of the hearing which shall be heldnot more than thirty days from the date of filingof the petition.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 1027.1 (3), (4).) (Amended June 24,2002, to take effect Jan. 1, 2003.)


CHAPTER 30

DETENTION

Sec. Sec.30-1. Notice and Statement by Person Bringing Child to

Detention [Repealed]30-1A. Admission to Detention30-2. Release [Repealed]30-2A. Family with Service Needs and Detention30-3. Advisement of Rights30-4. Notice to Parents by Detention Personnel


Sec. 30-1. Notice and Statement by PersonBringing Child to Detention[Repealed as of Jan. 1, 2003.]

Sec. 30-1A. Admission to DetentionWhenever an officer or other person intends

to admit a child into detention, the provisions ofGeneral Statutes § 46b-133 shall apply.


Sec. 30-2. Release[Repealed as of Jan. 1, 2003.]

Sec. 30-2A. Family with Service Needs andDetention(a) No child who has been adjudicated as a

child from a family with service needs in accord-ance with General Statutes § 46b-149 may beprocessed or held in a juvenile detention centeras a delinquent child, or be convicted as a delin-quent, solely for the violation of a valid order whichregulates future conduct of the child that wasissued by the court following such an adjudication,and no such child who is charged or found to bein violation of any such order may be ordereddetained in any juvenile detention center.

(b) No nondelinquent juvenile runaway fromanother state may be held in a juvenile detentioncenter in accordance with the provisions of Gen-eral Statutes § 46b-151 to 46b-151g inclusive.


adopt provisions of General Statutes § 46b-148 (a), asamended by Public Act 05-250, § 2. The language of the aboverule differs slightly from the statute. The statute referencescommitments to detention centers which is confusing due tothe distinctly different commitment of a delinquent to thedepartment of children and families.

Sec. 30-3. Advisement of RightsUpon admission to detention, the child shall be

advised of the right to remain silent and the right

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30-5. Detention Time Limitations30-6. Basis for Detention30-7. Place of Detention Hearings30-8. Initial Order for Detention; Waiver of Hearing30-9. Information Allowed at Detention Hearing30-10. Orders of a Judicial Authority after Initial Deten-

tion Hearing30-11. Detention after Dispositional Hearing

to counsel and be further advised of the right toa detention hearing in accordance with Sections30-5 through 30-8, which hearing may be waivedonly with the written consent of the child and thechild’s attorney.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 1030.1 (3).) (Amended June 24,2002, to take effect Jan. 1, 2003.)

Sec. 30-4. Notice to Parents by DetentionPersonnelUpon admission, the detention superintendent

or a designated representative shall make effortsto immediately notify the parent or guardian in themanner calculated most speedily to effect suchnotice and, upon the parent’s or guardian’sappearance at the detention facility, shall advisethe parent or guardian of his or her rights andnote the child’s rights, including the child’s rightto a detention hearing.


HISTORY—2009: Prior to 2009, this section read: ‘‘If, uponadmission, the officer or other person who brings the child todetention has not complied with the duty of notifying the parentor guardian as set forth in Section 30-1A, the detention supervi-sor or a designated representative shall make efforts to imme-diately notify the parent or guardian in the manner calculatedmost speedily to effect such notice and, upon the parent’s orguardian’s appearance at the detention facility, shall advisethe parent or guardian of his or her rights and note the child’srights, including the child’s right to a detention hearing.’’

COMMENTARY—2009: The above change reflects thatthe position is now juvenile detention superintendent, asopposed to supervisor. Regardless of whether a police officerhas notified a child’s parent or guardian, the detention superin-tendent should also make efforts to notify the child’s parentor guardian.

Sec. 30-5. Detention Time Limitations(a) No child shall be held in detention for more

than twenty-four hours, excluding Saturdays,


Sundays, and holidays, unless a delinquency peti-tion or information alleging delinquent conducthas been filed and an order for such continueddetention has been signed by the judicialauthority.

(b) A hearing to determine probable cause andthe need for further detention shall be held no laterthan the next business day following the arrest.However, a judicial finding of probable cause mustbe made within forty-eight hours of arrest, includ-ing Saturdays, Sundays and holidays. If there isno such finding of said probable cause within forty-eight hours of the arrest, the child shall bereleased from detention subject to an informationand subsequent arrest by warrant or take intocustody order.


Sec. 30-6. Basis for DetentionNo child shall be held in detention unless it

appears from the available facts that there is prob-able cause to believe that the child is responsiblefor the acts alleged and that there is (1) a strongprobability that the child will run away prior to courthearing or disposition, or (2) a strong probabilitythat the child will commit or attempt to commitother offenses injurious to the child or to the com-munity before court disposition, or (3) probablecause to believe that the child’s continued resi-dence in the home pending disposition will notsafeguard the best interests of the child or thecommunity because of the serious and dangerousnature of the act or acts set forth in the attacheddelinquency petition or information, or (4) a needto hold the child for another jurisdiction, or (5) aneed to hold the child to assure the child’s appear-ance before the court, in view of a previous failureto respond to the court process. The court in exer-cising its discretion to detain under General Stat-utes § 46b-133 (d) may consider a suspendeddetention order with graduated sanctions as analternative to detention in accordance with gradu-ated sanctions procedures established by the judi-cial branch.


HISTORY—2009: In 2009, ‘‘or information’’ was added after‘‘delinquency petition’’ to item (3).

COMMENTARY—2009: The revision to this section ismade to clarify that an information may also be used inthese cases.

Sec. 30-7. Place of Detention HearingsThe initial detention hearing may be conducted

in the superior court for juvenile matters at the

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detention facility where the child is held and, there-after, detention hearings shall be held at the supe-rior court for juvenile matters of appropriatevenue.


HISTORY—2009: In 2009, ‘‘superior court for juvenile mat-ters of appropriate venue’’ was substituted for ‘‘case venue.’’

COMMENTARY—2009: The revision to this section ismade for clarification and to be consistent with General Stat-utes § 17a-76 (b).

Sec. 30-8. Initial Order for Detention; Waiverof Hearing(Amended June 24, 2002, to take effect Jan. 1, 2003.)Such initial order of detention may be signed

without a hearing only if there is a written waiverof the detention hearing by the child and the child’sattorney and there is a finding by the judicialauthority that the circumstances outlined in Sec-tion 30-6 pertain to the child in question. An orderof detention entered without a hearing shall autho-rize the detention of the child for a period not toexceed ten days, including the date of admission,and may further authorize the detention superin-tendent or a designated representative to releasethe child to the custody of a parent, guardian orsome other suitable person, with or without condi-tions of release, if detention is no longer neces-sary, except that no child shall be released fromdetention who is alleged to have committed a seri-ous juvenile offense except by order of a judicialauthority of the superior court. Such an ex parteorder of detention shall not be renewable withouta detention hearing before the judicial authority.


HISTORY—2009: In 2009, ‘‘superintendent’’ was substi-tuted for ‘‘supervisor’’ in the second sentence.

COMMENTARY—2009: The revision to this section ismade to standardize terms.

Sec. 30-9. Information Allowed at Deten-tion HearingAt the detention hearing the judicial authority

may consider any information which is materialand relevant to the issue of detention. Probablecause may be proven by sworn affidavit in lieu oftestimony. The probation department may ascer-tain such factors as might pertain to any need fordetention. Any written reports or social recordsmade available to the judicial authority shall bemade available to counsel of record and, in theabsence of counsel, to the parties unless the judi-cial authority finds that the availability of suchmaterials would be psychologically destructive tothe relationship between members of the family.Either through direct access or by quotation or


summation by the judicial authority, the partiesshould be made aware of such findings in thereports or social records as directly enter into thejudicial authority’s decision.


Sec. 30-10. Orders of a Judicial Authorityafter Initial Detention Hearing(Amended June 24, 2002, to take effect Jan. 1, 2003.)(a) At the conclusion of the initial detention hear-

ing, the judicial authority shall issue an order fordetention on finding probable cause to believethat the child has committed a delinquent act andthat at least one of the factors outlined in Section30-6 applies to the child.

(b) If the child is placed in detention, such orderfor detention shall be for a period not to exceedfifteen days, including the date of admission, oruntil the dispositional hearing is held, whicheveris the shorter period, unless, following a furtherdetention review hearing, the order is renewed.Such detention review hearing may not be waived.

(c) If the child is not placed in detention butreleased on a suspended order of detention onconditions, such suspended order of detentionshall continue to the dispositional hearing or untilfurther order of the judicial authority. Said sus-pended order of detention may be reviewed bythe judicial authority every fifteen days. Upon afinding of probable cause that the child has vio-lated any condition, a judicial authority may issuea take into custody order or order such child toappear in court for a hearing on revocation of thesuspended order of detention. Such an order toappear shall be served upon the child in accord-ance with General Statutes § 46b-128 (b), or, if

287


the child is represented, by serving the order toappear upon the child’s counsel, who shall notifythe child of the order and the hearing date. Aftera hearing and upon a finding that the child hasviolated reasonable conditions imposed onrelease, the judicial authority may impose differentor additional conditions of release or may remandthe child to detention.

(d) In conjunction with any order of release fromdetention the judicial authority may, in accordancewith General Statutes § 46b-133 (f), order thechild to participate in a program of periodic drugtesting and treatment as a condition of suchrelease. The results of any such drug test shallbe admissible only for the purposes of enforcingthe conditions of release from detention.


HISTORY—2009: In 2009, ‘‘probable cause to believe thatthe child has committed a delinquent act and’’ was added tosubsection (a), after ‘‘an order for detention on finding.’’

COMMENTARY—2009: The above change is made in lightof new Section 30-2A.

Sec. 30-11. Detention after DispositionalHearingWhile awaiting implementation of the judicial

authority’s order in a delinquency case, a childmay be held in detention subsequent to the dispo-sitional hearing, provided a hearing to review thecircumstances and conditions of such detentionorder shall be conducted every fifteen days andsuch hearing may not be waived.


HISTORY—2009: In 2009, ‘‘in a delinquency case’’ wasadded after ‘‘the judicial authority’s order.’’

COMMENTARY—2009: The above change is made in lightof new Section 30-2A.

SUPERIOR COURT—PROCEDURE IN JUVENILE MATTERSSec. 30a-1

CHAPTER 30a

DELINQUENCY, FAMILY WITH SERVICE NEEDSAND YOUTH IN CRISIS HEARINGS

Sec. Sec.30a-1. Initial Plea Hearing30a-2. Pretrial Conference30a-3. —Standards of Proof; Burden of Going Forward30a-4. Plea Canvass


Sec. 30a-1. Initial Plea Hearing(a) The judicial authority shall begin the hearing

by determining whether all necessary parties arepresent and that the rules governing service fornonappearing parties have been complied with,and shall note these facts for the record. Thejudicial authority shall then inform the parties ofthe substance of the petition or information.

(b) In age appropriate language, the judicialauthority prior to any plea shall advise the childor youth and parent or guardian of the followingrights:

(1) That the child or youth is not obligated tosay anything and that anything that is said maybe used against the child or youth.

(2) That the child or youth and the parent orguardian is entitled to the services of an attorneyand that if the child or youth or parent or guardianis unable to pay, an application for a publicdefender or court-appointed attorney should becompleted and filed with the office of the publicdefender or the clerk of the court to request anattorney without cost.

(3) That the child or youth will not be questionedunless he or she consents, that the child or youthcan consult with an attorney before being ques-tioned and may have an attorney present duringquestioning, and that the child or youth can stopanswering questions at any time.

(4) That the child or youth has the right to atrial and the rights of confrontation and cross-examination of witnesses.

(c) Notwithstanding any prior statementacknowledging responsibility for the acts alleged,the judicial authority shall inquire of the childwhether the child presently admits or denies theallegations of the petition or information.


Sec. 30a-2. Pretrial Conference(a) When counsel is requested, or responsibility

is denied, the case may be continued for a pretrial

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30a-5. Dispositional Hearing30a-6. —Statement on Behalf of Victim30a-7. Recording of Hearings30a-8. Records

conference. At the pretrial, the parties may agreethat a substitute information will be filed, or thatcertain charges will be nolled or dismissed. If thechild or youth and parent or guardian subse-quently execute a written statement of responsibil-ity at the pretrial conference, or the attorney forthe child or youth conveys to the prosecutor anagreement on the adjudicatory grounds, a predis-positional study shall be compiled by the probationdepartment and the case shall be assigned for aplea and dispositional hearing.

(b) If a plea agreement has been reached bythe parties which contemplates the entry of anadmission in a family with service needs or youthin crisis case, or a plea of guilty or nolo contenderein a delinquency case, and the recommendationof a particular disposition, the agreement shall bedisclosed in open court at the time the plea isoffered. Thereupon the judicial authority mayaccept or reject any agreement, or may defer thedecision on acceptance or rejection of theagreement until it has had an opportunity to reviewthe predispositional study.


Sec. 30a-3. —Standards of Proof; Burden ofGoing Forward(Amended June 30, 2003, to take effect Jan. 1, 2004.)(a) The standard of proof for a delinquency con-

viction is evidence beyond a reasonable doubtand for a family with service needs adjudicationis clear and convincing evidence.

(b) The burden of going forward with evidenceshall rest with the juvenile prosecutor, or with thepetitioner’s counsel, as the case may be.


Sec. 30a-4. Plea CanvassTo assure that any plea or admission is volun-

tary and knowingly made, the judicial authorityshall address the child or youth in age appropriate

SUPERIOR COURT—PROCEDURE IN JUVENILE MATTERS Sec. 30a-8

language to determine that the child or youth sub-stantially understands:

(1) The nature of the charges;(2) The factual basis of the charges;(3) The possible penalty, including any exten-

sions or modifications;(4) That the plea or admission must be voluntary

and not the result of force, threats, or promises,apart from the plea agreement;

(5) That the child or youth has (i) the right todeny responsibility or plead not guilty or to persistif that denial or plea has already been made, (ii)the right to be tried by a judicial authority, (iii)that at trial the child or youth has the right to theassistance of counsel, the right to confront andcross-examine witnesses against him or her, andthe right not to be compelled to incriminate himselfor herself.


Sec. 30a-5. Dispositional Hearing(a) The dispositional hearing may follow imme-

diately upon a conviction or an adjudication.(b) The judicial authority may admit into evi-

dence any testimony which is considered relevantto the issue of the disposition, in any form thejudicial authority finds of probative value, but nodisposition shall be made by the judicial authorityuntil the predispositional study, unless waived,has been submitted. A written predispositionalstudy may be waived by the judicial authority forgood cause shown upon the request of the parties,provided that the basis for the waiver and theprobation officer’s oral summary of any investiga-tion are both placed on the record. The predisposi-tional study shall be presented to the judicialauthority and copies thereof shall be provided toall counsel in sufficient time for them to prepareadequately for the dispositional hearing, and, inany event, no less than forty-eight hours prior tothe date of the disposition.

(c) The prosecutor and the child or youth andparent or guardian shall have the right to produce

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witnesses on behalf of any dispositional plan theymay wish to offer.

(d) Prior to any disposition, the child or youthshall be allowed a reasonable opportunity to makea personal statement to the judicial authority inmitigation of any disposition.


Sec. 30a-6. —Statement on Behalf of VictimWhenever a victim of an alleged delinquent act,

the parent or guardian of such victim, a GeneralStatutes § 54-221 advocate or such victim’s coun-sel exercises the right to appear before the judicialauthority for the purpose of making a statementto the judicial authority concerning the dispositionof the case, all parties, including the probationofficer, shall be so notified. No statement shall bereceived unless the alleged delinquent has signeda statement of responsibility, confirmed a pleaagreement or been convicted as a delinquent.


Sec. 30a-7. Recording of HearingsA verbatim stenographic or electronic recording

shall be kept of any hearing, the transcript of whichshall form part of the record of the case.


Sec. 30a-8. Records(a) Except as otherwise provided by statute, all

records maintained in juvenile matters broughtbefore the judicial authority, either current orclosed, including transcripts of hearings, shall bekept confidential.

(b) Except as otherwise provided by statute, nomaterial contained in the court records, includingthe predispositional study, medical or clinicalreports, school reports, police reports, or thereports of social agencies, may be copied or other-wise reproduced in written form in whole or in partby the parties or their counsel without the expressconsent of the judicial authority.



CHAPTER 31

DELINQUENCY AND FAMILY WITH SERVICE NEEDS HEARING[Repealed as of Jan. 1, 2003.]

Sec. Sec.31-1. Adjudicatory Hearing; Actions by Judicial Author-

ity [Repealed]31-2. —Continuance for Pretrial Conference [Repealed]31-3. —Burden of Going Forward [Repealed]31-4. —Physical Presence of Child [Repealed]31-5. Dispositional Hearing; Factors to Be Considered by

Judicial Authority [Repealed]31-6. —When Held; Evidence and Predispositional

Study [Repealed]


Sec. 31-1. Adjudicatory Hearing; Actions byJudicial Authority[Repealed as of Jan. 1, 2003.]

Sec. 31-2. —Continuance for Pretrial Con-ference[Repealed as of Jan. 1, 2003.]

Sec. 31-3. —Burden of Going Forward[Repealed as of Jan. 1, 2003.]

Sec. 31-4. —Physical Presence of Child[Repealed as of Jan. 1, 2003.]

Sec. 31-5. Dispositional Hearing; Factors toBe Considered by Judicial Authority[Repealed as of Jan. 1, 2003.]

Sec. 31-6. —When Held; Evidence and Pre-dispositional Study[Repealed as of Jan. 1, 2003.]

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31-7. —Availability of Predispositional Study to Counseland Parties [Repealed]

31-8. —Dispositional Plan Offered by Child or Parent[Repealed]

31-9. —Statement on Behalf of Victim [Repealed]31-10. Modification of Probation and Supervision

[Repealed]31-11. Take into Custody [Repealed]31-12. Physical and Mental Examinations [Repealed]31-13. Mentally Ill Children [Repealed]

Sec. 31-7. —Availability of PredispositionalStudy to Counsel and Parties[Repealed as of Jan. 1, 2003.]

Sec. 31-8. —Dispositional Plan Offered byChild or Parent[Repealed as of Jan. 1, 2003.]

Sec. 31-9. —Statement on Behalf of Victim[Repealed as of Jan. 1, 2003.]

Sec. 31-10. Modification of Probation andSupervision[Repealed as of Jan. 1, 2003.]

Sec. 31-11. Take into Custody[Repealed as of Jan. 1, 2003.]

Sec. 31-12. Physical and Mental Exami-nations[Repealed as of Jan. 1, 2003.]

Sec. 31-13. Mentally Ill Children[Repealed as of Jan. 1, 2003.]

SUPERIOR COURT—PROCEDURE IN JUVENILE MATTERS Sec. 31a-1A

CHAPTER 31a

DELINQUENCY, FAMILY WITH SERVICE NEEDS ANDYOUTH IN CRISIS MOTIONS AND APPLICATIONS

Sec. Sec.31a-1. Motions and Amendments31a-1A. Continuances and Advancements31a-2. Motion for Bill of Particulars31a-3. Motion to Dismiss31a-4. Motion to Suppress31a-5. Motion for Judgment of Acquittal31a-6. Motion for Transfer of Venue31a-7. Motion in Limine31a-8. Motion for Sequestration31a-9. Severance of Offenses31a-10. Trial Together on Petitions or Informations31a-11. Motion for New Trial31a-12. Motion to Transfer to Adult Criminal Docket31a-13. Take into Custody Order


Sec. 31a-1. Motions and Amendments(a) A motion other than one made during a

hearing shall be in writing and have annexed toit a proper order and, where appropriate, shall bein the form called for by Section 4-1. A motionshall state in paragraphs successively numberedthe specific grounds upon which it is made. Acopy of the written motion shall be served on theopposing party or counsel pursuant to Sections10-12 through 10-17.

(b) Motions shall be filed not later than ten daysafter the setting of the trial date except with thepermission of the judicial authority. All motionsshall be calendared to be heard by the judicialauthority not later than fifteen days after filing pro-vided reasonable notice is given to parties in inter-est, or notices are waived. Any motion filed in acase on trial or assigned for trial may be disposedof by the judicial authority at its discretion orordered to be scheduled for hearing.

(c) If the moving party determines and reportsthat all counsel and pro se parties agree to thegranting of a motion or the consideration of amotion without the need for oral argument or testi-mony, or the motion states on its face that thereis such an agreement, the motion may be grantedwithout a hearing.

(d) A petition or information may be amendedat any time by the judicial authority on its ownmotion or in response to the motions of any partyprior to any final adjudication. When an amend-ment has been so ordered, a continuance shallbe granted whenever the judicial authority finds

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31a-13A. Temporary Custody Order—Family with ServiceNeeds Petition

31a-14. Physical and Mental Examinations31a-15. Mentally Ill Children31a-16. Discovery31a-17. Disclosure of Defenses in Delinquency Pro-

ceedings31a-18. Modification of Probation and Supervision31a-19. Motion for Extension of Delinquency Commit-

ment; Motion for Review of Permanency Plan31a-19A. Motion for Extension or Revocation of Family with

Service Needs Commitment; Motion for Reviewof Permanency Plan

31a-20. Petition for Violation of Family with Service NeedsPost-Adjudicatory Orders

that the new allegations in the petition or chargesin the information justify the need for additionaltime to permit the parties to respond adequatelyto the additional or changed facts and circum-stances.


HISTORY—2009: In 2009, in the first sentence of subsec-tion (b), ‘‘not’’ was substituted for ‘‘no,’’ and ‘‘setting of thetrial date’’ was substituted for ‘‘date the matter is scheduledfor trial.’’ In the second sentence of subsection (b), ‘‘not laterthan’’ was substituted for ‘‘within.’’ In the third sentence ofsubsection (b), ‘‘to be scheduled for hearing’’ was substitutedfor ‘‘upon the docket.’’ Also, in 2009, ‘‘or charges in the informa-tion’’ was added to subsection (d), following ‘‘allegations inthe petition.’’

COMMENTARY—2009: The changes in subsection (b) aremade for clarity because the previous language was confusingin that it could be interpreted to mean that motions could befiled ten days after the actual trial date.

The change to ‘‘not later than’’ is made for clarity. The term‘‘upon the docket’’ is antiquated and is therefore replaced.

The revision to subsection (d) is made because an informa-tion may also be used in these cases.

Sec. 31a-1A. Continuances and Advance-ments(a) Motions for continuances or changes in

scheduled court dates must be submitted in writ-ing in compliance with Section 31a-1 (a) and filedno later than seven days prior to the scheduleddate. Such motions must state the precise rea-sons for the request, the name of the judicialauthority scheduled to hear the case, and whetheror not all other parties consent to the request. Afterconsulting with the judicial authority, the clerk will

SUPERIOR COURT—PROCEDURE IN JUVENILE MATTERSSec. 31a-1A

handle bona fide emergency requests submittedless than seven days prior to scheduled courtdates.

(b) Trials that are not completed within the allot-ted prescheduled time will be subject to continua-tion at the next available court date.

(Adopted June 30, 2008, to take effect Jan. 1, 2009.)COMMENTARY—2009: This new section addresses con-

tinuances in these cases and is similar to Section 34a-5.

Sec. 31a-2. Motion for Bill of ParticularsThe child or youth may file a motion, or the

judicial authority may order at any time, that theprosecuting authority file a bill of particulars. Thejudicial authority shall order that a bill of particularsdisclose information sufficient to enable the childor youth to prepare the defense, including but notbeing limited to reasonable notice of the offensecharged and the date, time and place of its com-mission. When any bill of particulars is ordered, anamended or substitute information, if necessary,shall be filed incorporating its provisions.


Sec. 31a-3. Motion to DismissThe child or youth may file a motion to dismiss

if the motion is capable of determination withouta trial of the general issue on grounds (1) to (9) ofSection 41-8 of the rules of procedure in criminalmatters, subject to the conditions of Section 41-10 and 41-11.


Sec. 31a-4. Motion to SuppressThe child or youth may file a motion to suppress

potential testimony or other evidence if requiredunder the constitution or laws of the United Statesor the state of Connecticut in accordance with theprovisions of Sections 41-13 through 41-17 of therules of procedure in criminal matters.


Sec. 31a-5. Motion for Judgment ofAcquittal(a) After the close of the juvenile prosecutor’s

case in chief, upon motion of the child or youthor upon its own motion, the judicial authority shallorder the entry of a judgment of acquittal as toany principal offense charged and as to any lesserincluded offense for which the evidence would notreasonably permit an adjudication or finding ofguilty. Such judgment of acquittal shall not applyto any lesser included offense for which the evi-dence would reasonably permit a finding of guilty.

(b) The judicial authority shall either grant ordeny the motion before calling upon the child oryouth to present the respondent’s case in chief.If the motion is not granted, the respondent may

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offer evidence without having reserved the rightto do so.


HISTORY—2009: In 2009, ‘‘respondent’s’’ was substitutedfor ‘‘defendant’s,’’ and ‘‘respondent’’ was substituted for‘‘defendant’’ in subsection (b).

COMMENTARY—2009: The changes in subsection (b) aremade to standardize terms used in delinquency cases.

Sec. 31a-6. Motion for Transfer of VenueThe child or youth or juvenile prosecutor may

file a motion, or the judicial authority may orderat any time, that a juvenile matter be transferredto a different venue in accordance with Sections41-23 and 41-25 of the rules of procedure in crimi-nal matters.


Sec. 31a-7. Motion in LimineThe judicial authority to whom a matter has

been referred for trial may in its discretion enter-tain a motion in limine made by the child or youthor juvenile prosecutor regarding the admission orexclusion of anticipated evidence. Such motionshall be in writing and shall describe the antici-pated evidence and the prejudice which mayresult therefrom. The judicial authority may grantthe relief sought in the motion or such other reliefas it may deem appropriate, may deny the motionwith or without prejudice to its later renewal, ormay reserve decision thereon until a later time inthe proceeding.


Sec. 31a-8. Motion for SequestrationA child or youth or juvenile prosecutor may file

a motion for sequestration. The judicial authorityupon such motion shall cause any witness to besequestered during the hearing on any issue ormotion or during any part of the trial in which suchwitness is not testifying.


Sec. 31a-9. Severance of OffensesIf it appears that a child or youth is prejudiced

by a joinder of offenses, the judicial authority may,upon its own motion or the motion of the child oryouth, order separate trials of the counts or pro-vide whatever other relief justice may require.


Sec. 31a-10. Trial Together on Petitions orInformationsThe judicial authority may, upon its own motion

or the motion of the child or youth or juvenileprosecutor, order that two or more petitions orinformations against the same child or youth betried together. Petitions or informations againstdifferent children or youths may not be tried


together unless all parties agree to waive the con-fidentiality rules.


Sec. 31a-11. Motion for New Trial(a) Upon motion of the child or youth, the judicial

authority may grant a new trial if it is required inthe interest of justice in accordance with Section42-53 of the rules of criminal procedure.

(b) Unless otherwise permitted by the judicialauthority in the interests of justice, a motion for anew trial shall be made within five days after anadjudication or finding of guilty or within any fur-ther time the judicial authority allows during thefive-day period.

(c) A request for a new trial on the ground ofnewly discovered evidence shall require a petitionfor a new trial and shall be brought in accordancewith General Statutes § 52-270. The judicialauthority may grant the petition even though anappeal is pending.


Sec. 31a-12. Motion to Transfer to AdultCriminal DocketThe juvenile prosecutor may file a motion to

transfer prosecution to the adult criminal docketin accordance with General Statutes § 46b-127.


Sec. 31a-13. Take into Custody Order(a) Upon application in a delinquency proceed-

ing, a take into custody order may be issued bythe judicial authority:

(1) Upon a finding of probable cause to believethat the child is responsible for: (i) a delinquentact, including violation of court orders of probationor the failure of the child charged with a delinquentact, duly notified, to attend a pretrial, probation orevaluation appointment, or (ii) for failure to complywith any duly warned condition of a suspendedorder of detention. The judicial authority also mustfind at the time it issues a take into custody orderthat a ground for detention pursuant to Section30-6 exists before issuing the order.

(2) For failure to appear in court in response toa delinquency petition or summons served in handor to a direct notice previously provided in court.

(b) Any application for a take into custody ordermust be supported by a sworn statement allegingfacts to substantiate probable cause, and whereapplicable, a petition or information charging adelinquent act.

(c) Any child detained under a take into custodyorder is subject to Sections 30-1A through 30-11.


HISTORY—2009: In 2009, ‘‘court orders of’’ was added tosubsection (a) (1) (i) after ‘‘including violation of,’’ and ‘‘or

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supervision conditions’’ was deleted following ‘‘probation.’’Also, in subsection (a) (1) (i), ‘‘charged with a delinquent act’’was added after ‘‘the failure of the child.’’

COMMENTARY—2009: The change in subsection (a) (1)is intended to adopt provisions of General Statutes § 46b-148(a), as amended by Public Act 05-250, § 2 (b), that providethat a child adjudicated as a child from a family with serviceneeds cannot be the subject of a take into custody order.

Sec. 31a-13A. Temporary Custody Order—Family with Service Needs PetitionIf it appears from the allegations of a petition or

other sworn affirmation that there is: (1) A strongprobability that the child may do something thatis injurious to himself or herself prior to court dis-position; (2) a strong probability that the child willrun away prior to the hearing; or (3) a need tohold the child for another jurisdiction, a judicialauthority may vest temporary custody of suchchild in some suitable person or agency. A hearingon temporary custody shall be held not later thanten days after the date on which a judicial authoritysigns an order of temporary custody. Followingsuch hearing, the judicial authority may order thatthe child’s temporary custody continue to bevested in some suitable person or agency.


adopt provisions of Public Act 07-4, § 30 (f) (June SpecialSession).

Sec. 31a-14. Physical and Mental Exami-nations(a) No physical and/or mental examination or

examinations by any physician, psychologist, psy-chiatrist or social worker shall be ordered by thejudicial authority of any child denying delinquentbehavior or status as a child or youth from familywith service needs or youth in crisis prior to theadjudication, except (1) with the agreement of thechild’s or youth’s parent or guardian and attorney,(2) when the child or youth has executed a writtenstatement of responsibility, (3) when the judicialauthority finds that there is a question of the child’sor youth’s competence to understand the natureof the proceedings or to participate in the defense,or a question of the child or youth having beenmentally capable of unlawful intent at the time ofthe commission of the alleged act, or (4) wherethe child or youth has been detained and as anincident of detention is administered a physicalexamination to establish the existence of any con-tagious or infectious condition.

(b) Any information concerning a child or youththat is obtained during any mental health screen-ing or assessment of such child or youth shall beused solely for planning and treatment purposesand shall otherwise be confidential and retainedin the files of the entity performing such screening


or assessment. Such information may be furtherdisclosed only for the purposes of any court-ordered evaluation or treatment of the child oryouth, or provision of services to the child or youth,or pursuant to General Statutes §§ 17a-101 to17a-101e, inclusive, 17b-450, 17b-451 or 51-36a.Such information shall not be subject to subpoenaor other court process for use in any other pro-ceeding or for any other purpose.

(c) Upon a showing that the mental health of achild or youth is at issue, either prior to adjudica-tion for the reasons set forth in subsection (a)herein or subsequent thereto as a determinateof disposition, the judicial authority may order achild’s or youth’s placement for a period not toexceed thirty days in a hospital or other institutionempowered by law to treat mentally ill childrenfor study and a report on the child’s or youth’smental condition.


HISTORY—2009: In 2009, ‘‘or youth’’ was added to subsec-tion (a), after ‘‘status as a child.’’ It was also added to (a) (2),following ‘‘when the child’’; to (a) (3), following ‘‘a question ofthe child’’; and to (a) (4), following ‘‘where the child.’’ Also, in2009, ‘‘or youth’s’’ was added to (a) (1), following ‘‘agreementof the child’s’’ and to (a) (3), following ‘‘question of the child’s.’’A new subsection (b) was added and what had been subsec-tion (b) became subsection (c). In the newly designated sub-section (c), ‘‘or youth’’ was added, following ‘‘mental health ofa child’’; ‘‘or youth’s’’ was added, following ‘‘may order achild’s’’ and before ‘‘mental condition’’; and ‘‘placement’’ wassubstituted for ‘‘detention.’’

COMMENTARY—2009: The revision to subsection (a) ismade to clarify that the process applies to youth in crisis.

New subsection (b) is intended to adopt provisions of Gen-eral Statutes § 46b-124 (j), which codified Public Act 05-152.

Revisions to subsection (c) are for clarification.

Sec. 31a-15. Mentally Ill ChildrenNo child shall be committed by a judicial author-

ity as mentally ill pursuant to General Statutes§ 46b-140 until such a study has been made anda sworn report filed with the judicial authority orin lieu thereof without the sworn certificate of atleast two impartial physicians, one of whom shallbe a physician specializing in psychiatry, selectedby the judicial authority who have personallyexamined the child within ten days of the hearing,stating that in their opinion the child’s mental con-dition necessitates placement in a designatedhospital for mental illness. If, after such hearing,the judicial authority finds by clear and convincingevidence that the child suffers from a mental disor-der, as defined in General Statutes § 17a-75, isin need of hospitalization for treatment and suchtreatment is available as the least restrictive alter-native, the judicial authority shall make an orderfor commitment for a definite period not to exceedsix months to a designated hospital for mental

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illness of children. No child or youth shall be com-mitted as mentally deficient pursuant to GeneralStatutes § 46b-140 except in accordance withprocedures of General Statutes § 17a-274 (b), (g),and (h).


Sec. 31a-16. Discovery(a) The child or youth or the juvenile prosecutor

shall be permitted pretrial discovery in accordancewith subsections (b), (c) and (d) of this section byinterrogatory, production, inspection or depositionof a person in delinquency, family with serviceneeds or youth in crisis matters if the informationor material sought is not otherwise obtainable andupon a finding that proceedings will not beunduly delayed.

(b) Motions or requests for discovery shall befiled with the court in accordance with Section31a-1. The clerk shall calendar any such motionor request for a hearing. Objections to suchmotions or requests may be filed with the courtand served in accordance with Sections 10-12through 10-17 not later than ten days of the filingof the motion or request unless the judicial author-ity, for good cause shown, allows a later filing.Upon its own motion or upon the request or motionof a party, the judicial authority may, after a hear-ing, order discovery. The judicial authority shall fixthe times for filing and for responding to discoverymotions and requests and, when appropriate,shall fix the hour, place, manner, terms and condi-tions of responses to the motions and requests,provided that the party seeking discovery shall beallowed a reasonable opportunity to obtain infor-mation needed for the preparation of the case.

(c) Motions or requests for discovery should notbe filed unless the moving party has attemptedunsuccessfully to obtain an agreement to disclosefrom the party or person from whom informationis being sought.

(d) The provisions of Sections 40-2 through 40-6, inclusive, 40-7 (b), 40-8, through 40-16, inclu-sive, and 40-26 through 40-58, inclusive, of therules of procedure in criminal matters shall beapplied by the judicial authority in determiningwhether to grant, limit or set conditions on therequested discovery, issue any protective orders,or order appropriate sanctions for any clear mis-use of discovery or arbitrary delay or refusal tocomply with a discovery request.


HISTORY—2009: In 2009, ‘‘not later than’’ was substitutedfor ‘‘within’’ in the third sentence of subsection (b).

COMMENTARY—2009: The change made in this sectionis for clarification.


Sec. 31a-17. Disclosure of Defenses inDelinquency ProceedingsThe child in a delinquency case shall disclose

defenses to the charged offenses in accordancewith Sections 40-17 through 40-25 of the rulesof criminal procedure. Such disclosures shall bemade not later than ten days after the matter isscheduled for trial except with the permission ofthe judicial authority.


HISTORY—2009: In 2009, ‘‘not later than’’ was substitutedfor ‘‘within,’’ and ‘‘Section’’ was made plural.

COMMENTARY—2009: The change made in this sectionis for clarification.

Sec. 31a-18. Modification of Probation andSupervisionAt any time during the period of probation,

supervision or suspended commitment, afterhearing and for good cause shown, the judicialauthority may modify or enlarge the conditions,whether originally imposed by the judicial author-ity under this section or otherwise. The judicialauthority may extend the period of probation asdeemed appropriate by the judicial authority. Thejudicial authority shall cause a copy of any suchorder to be delivered to the child or youth and tosuch child’s or youth’s parent, guardian or otherperson having control over such child or youth,and the child’s or youth’s probation officer.

(b) The child, attorney, juvenile prosecutor orparent may, in the event of disagreement, in writ-ing request the judicial authority not later than fivedays of the receipt thereof for a hearing on thepropriety of the modification. In the absence of anyrequest, the modification of the terms of probationmay be effected by the probation officer with theapproval of the supervisor and the judicialauthority.


HISTORY—2009: Prior to 2009, this section read: ‘‘Anymodification of the terms of probation or supervision, includingdischarge, shall be given in writing to the child, attorney, juve-nile prosecutor and parent who may, in the event of disagree-ment, in writing request the judicial authority within five daysof the receipt thereof for a hearing on the propriety of themodification. In the absence of any request, the modificationof the terms of probation may be effected by the probationofficer with the approval of the supervisor and the judicialauthority.’’

COMMENTARY—2009: The changes in this section areintended to adopt provisions of General Statutes § 46b-140a(a) and to standardize terms.

Sec. 31a-19. Motion for Extension of Delin-quency Commitment; Motion for Review ofPermanency Plan(a) The commissioner of the department of chil-

dren and families may file a motion for an exten-sion of a delinquency commitment beyond the

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eighteen month or four year period on the groundsthat such extension is for the best interests of thechild or the community. The clerk shall give noticeto the child, the child’s parent or guardian, allcounsel of record at the time of disposition and,if applicable, the guardian ad litem not later thanfourteen days prior to the hearing upon suchmotion. The judicial authority may, after hearingand upon finding such extension is in the bestinterests of the child or the community, continuethe commitment for an additional period of notmore than eighteen months.

(b) Not later than twelve months after a child iscommitted as a delinquent to the commissionerof the department of children and families, thejudicial authority shall hold a permanency hearing.Such a hearing will be held every twelve monthsthereafter if the child remains committed. Suchhearing may include the submission of a motionto the judicial authority by the commissioner toeither modify or extend the commitment.

(c) At least sixty days prior to each permanencyhearing required under subsection (b) of this sec-tion, the commissioner of the department of chil-dren and families shall file a permanency planwith the judicial authority. At each permanencyhearing, the judicial authority shall review andapprove a permanency plan that is in the bestinterests of the child and takes into considerationthe child’s need for permanency. The judicialauthority shall also determine whether the com-missioner of the department of children and fami-lies has made reasonable efforts to achieve thepermanency plan.


HISTORY—2009: In 2009, in subsection (a), ‘‘the depart-ment of’’ was added to the first sentence, following ‘‘[t]hecommissioner of,’’ and ‘‘interest’’ was made plural in the firstand third sentences. Prior to 2009, the second sentence ofsubsection (a) read: ‘‘The clerk of the court shall give noticeto the parent or guardian and to the child at least fourteendays prior to the hearing upon such motion.’’ In 2009, ‘‘[n]ot’’was substituted for ‘‘[n]o’’ in the first sentence of subsection(b), and ‘‘commissioner of the’’ was added before ‘‘departmentof children and families.’’ In the first and third sentences ofsubsection (c), ‘‘the department of’’ was added before ‘‘chil-dren and families.’’ ‘‘[I]nterest’’ was made plural in the secondsentence of subsection (c), before ‘‘of the child.’’

COMMENTARY—2009: The changes in this section aremade to standardize terms and for clarification.

Sec. 31a-19A. Motion for Extension or Revo-cation of Family with Service NeedsCommitment; Motion for Review of Perma-nency Plan(a) The commissioner of the department of chil-

dren and families may file a motion for an exten-sion of a commitment of a child who has beenadjudicated as a child from a family with serviceneeds on the grounds that an extension would be


in the best interests of the child. The clerk shallgive notice to the child, the child’s parent or guard-ian, all counsel of record at the time of dispositionand, if applicable, the guardian ad litem not laterthan fourteen days prior to the hearing upon suchmotion. The judicial authority may, after hearingand upon finding that such extension is in the bestinterests of the child and that there is no suitableless restrictive alternative, continue the commit-ment for an additional indefinite period of not morethan eighteen months.

(b) The commissioner of the department of chil-dren and families may at any time file a motionto revoke a commitment of a child who has beenadjudicated as a child from a family with serviceneeds, or the parent or guardian of such childmay at any time but not more often than onceevery six months file a motion with the judicialauthority which committed the child to revoke suchcommitment. The clerk shall notify the child, thechild’s parent or guardian, all counsel of recordat the time of disposition, if applicable, the guard-ian ad litem, and the commissioner of the depart-ment of children and families of any motion filedto revoke a commitment under this subsection,and of the time when a hearing on such motionwill be held.

(c) Not later than twelve months after the com-mitment of a child who has been adjudicated asa child from a family with service needs to thecommissioner of the department of children andfamilies, the judicial authority shall hold a perma-nency hearing. Such a hearing will be held everytwelve months thereafter if the child remains com-mitted. Such a hearing also may include the sub-mission of a motion to the judicial authority by thecommissioner of the department of children andfamilies, the child’s parent or guardian to eitherextend or revoke the commitment.

(d) At least sixty days prior to each permanencyhearing required under subsection (c) of this sec-tion, the commissioner of the department of chil-dren and families shall file a permanency planwith the judicial authority. At each permanencyhearing, the judicial authority shall review andapprove a permanency plan that is in the bestinterests of the child and takes into considerationthe child’s need for permanency. That judicialauthority shall also determine whether the com-missioner of the department of children and fami-lies has made reasonable efforts to achieve thepermanency plan.


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COMMENTARY—2009: This new section adopts provi-sions of Public Act 07-4 (June Special Session), § 30 (i). Thefederal Adoption and Safe Families Act, 42 U.S.C. §§ 620through 679, requires permanency plans for family with serviceneeds matters. There has been a gradual shift away frompetitions to motions in addressing post-disposition matters;the above rule reflects this shift in practice.

Sec. 31a-20. Petition for Violation of Familywith Service Needs Post-AdjudicatoryOrders(a) When a child who has been adjudicated as

a child from a family with service needs violatesany valid order which regulates future conduct ofthe child made by the judicial authority followingsuch an adjudication, a probation officer, onreceipt of a complaint setting forth the factsalleged to be a violation, or on the probation offi-cer’s own motion on the basis of his or her knowl-edge of such a violation, may file a petition withthe court alleging that the child has violated a validcourt order and setting forth the facts claimed toconstitute such a violation.

(b) The judicial authority will ensure that thechild is provided an evidentiary hearing on theallegations contained in the petition and that coun-sel is assigned for the child or youth pursuant toSection 30a-1 of these rules or that counsel ofrecord is notified of the evidentiary hearing.

(c) Upon a finding by the judicial authority byclear and convincing evidence that the child hasviolated a valid court order, the judicial authoritymay (1) order the child to remain in such child’shome or in the custody of a relative or any othersuitable person, subject to the supervision of aprobation officer, (2) upon a finding that there isno less restrictive alternative appropriate to theneeds of the child and the community, enter anorder that directs or authorizes a peace officer orother appropriate person to place the child in astaff-secure facility under the auspices of the courtsupport services division of the judicial branch fora period not to exceed forty-five days, with reviewby the judicial authority every fifteen days to con-sider whether continued placement is appropriate,at the end of which period the child shall bereturned to the community and may be subject tothe supervision of a probation officer, or (3) orderthat the child be committed to the care and cus-tody of the commissioner of the department ofchildren and families for a period not to exceedeighteen months and that the child cooperate insuch care and custody.


adopt provisions of Public Act 07-4 (June Special Session),§ 32 (a).


CHAPTER 32

NEGLECTED, UNCARED FOR AND DEPENDENT CHILDREN ANDTERMINATION OF PARENTAL RIGHTS


Sec. Sec.32-1. Initiation of Judicial Proceeding; Contents of Petitions

and Summary of Facts [Repealed]32-2. —Summons Accompanying Petitions [Repealed]32-3. —Venue [Repealed]32-4. —Identity or Location of Parent Unknown [Repealed]32-5. —Address of Person Entitled to Personal Service

Unknown [Repealed]


Sec. 32-1. Initiation of Judicial Proceeding;Contents of Petitions and Summary of Facts[Repealed as of Jan. 1, 2003.]

Sec. 32-2. —Summons AccompanyingPetitions[Repealed as of Jan. 1, 2003.]

Sec. 32-3. —Venue[Repealed as of Jan. 1, 2003.]

Sec. 32-4. —Identity or Location of ParentUnknown[Repealed as of Jan. 1, 2003.]

Sec. 32-5. —Address of Person Entitled toPersonal Service Unknown[Repealed as of Jan. 1, 2003.]

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32-6. Order of Temporary Custody; Application and SwornStatement [Repealed]

32-7. —Statement in Temporary Custody Order of Respon-dent’s Rights and of Subsequent Hearing[Repealed]

32-8. —Authority of Temporary Custodian [Repealed]32-9. —Emergency, Life-Threatening Medical Situations—

Procedures [Repealed]

Sec. 32-6. Order of Temporary Custody;Application and Sworn Statement[Repealed as of Jan. 1, 2003.]

Sec. 32-7. —Statement in Temporary Cus-tody Order of Respondent’s Rights and ofSubsequent Hearing[Repealed as of Jan. 1, 2003.]

Sec. 32-8. —Authority of Temporary Cus-todian[Repealed as of Jan. 1, 2003.]

Sec. 32-9. —Emergency, Life-ThreateningMedical Situations—Procedures[Repealed as of Jan. 1, 2003.]


CHAPTER 32a

RIGHTS OF PARTIESNEGLECTED, UNCARED FOR AND DEPENDENT

CHILDREN AND TERMINATION OF PARENTAL RIGHTS

Sec. Sec.32a-1. Right to Counsel and to Remain Silent32a-2. Hearing Procedure; Subpoenas32a-3. Standards of Proof32a-4. Child or Youth Witness32a-5. Consultation with Child or Youth


Sec. 32a-1. Right to Counsel and toRemain Silent(a) At the first hearing in which the parents or

guardian appear, the judicial authority shall adviseand explain to the parents or guardian of a childor youth their right to silence and to counsel.

(b) The child or youth has the rights of confron-tation and cross-examination and shall be repre-sented by counsel in each and every phase of anyand all proceedings in child protection matters,including appeals. The judicial authority beforewhom a juvenile matter is pending shall notify thechief child protection attorney who shall assignan attorney to represent the child or youth.

(c) The judicial authority on its own motion orupon the motion of any party, may appoint a sepa-rate guardian ad litem for the child or youth upona finding that such appointment is necessary toprotect the best interest of the child or youth. Anattorney guardian ad litem shall be appointed fora child or youth who is a parent in a terminationof parental rights proceeding or any parent whois found to be incompetent by the judicial authority.

(d) The parents or guardian of the child or youthhave the rights of confrontation and cross-exami-nation and may be represented by counsel in eachand every phase of any and all proceedings inchild protection matters, including appeals. Thejudicial authority shall determine if the parentsor guardian of the child or youth are eligible forcounsel. Upon a finding that such parents orguardian of the child or youth are unable to affordcounsel, the judicial authority shall notify the chiefchild protection attorney of such finding, and thechief child protection attorney shall assign anattorney to provide representation.

(e) If the judicial authority, even in the absenceof a request for appointment of counsel, deter-mines that the interests of justice require the provi-sion of an attorney to represent the child’s or

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32a-6. Interpreter32a-7. Records32a-8. Use of Confidential Alcohol or Drug Abuse Treat-

ment Records as Evidence32a-9. Competency of Parent

youth’s parent or parents or guardian, or otherparty, the judicial authority may appoint an attor-ney to represent any such party and shall notifythe chief child protection attorney who shall assignan attorney to represent any such party. For thepurposes of determining eligibility for appointmentof counsel, the judicial authority shall cause theparents or guardian of a child or youth to completea written statement under oath or affirmation set-ting forth the parents’ or guardian’s liabilities andassets, income and sources thereof, and suchother information as the commission on child pro-tection shall designate and require on formsadopted by said commission.

(f) Where under the provisions of this section,the judicial authority so appoints counsel for anysuch party who is found able to pay, in whole orin part, the cost thereof, the judicial authority shallassess as costs on the appropriate form againstsuch parents, guardian or custodian, includingany agency vested with the legal custody of thechild or youth, the expense so incurred and paidfor by the chief child protection attorney in provid-ing such counsel, to the extent of their financialability to do so, in accordance with the rates estab-lished by the commission on child protection forcompensation of counsel. Reimbursement to theappointed attorney of unrecovered costs shall bemade to that attorney by the chief child protectionattorney upon the attorney’s certification of hisor her unrecovered expenses to the chief childprotection attorney.

(g) Notices of initial hearings on petitions, shallcontain a statement of the respondent’s right tocounsel and that if the respondent is unable toafford counsel, counsel will be appointed to repre-sent the respondent, that the respondent has aright to refuse to make any statement and thatany statement the respondent makes may beintroduced in evidence against him or her.


(h) Any confession, admission or statement,written or oral, made by the parent or parents orguardian of the child or youth after the filing of apetition alleging such child or youth to beneglected, uncared for or dependent, shall beinadmissible in any proceeding held upon suchpetition against the person making such admis-sion or statement unless such person shall havebeen advised of the right to retain counsel, andthat if such person is unable to afford counsel,counsel will be assigned to provide representa-tion, that such person has a right to refuse tomake any statement and that any statements suchperson makes may be introduced in evidenceagainst such person.


HISTORY—2009: Prior to 2009, this section read: ‘‘(a) Thejudicial authority shall advise and explain to the parents orguardian of a child or youth their right to silence and to counselprior to commencement of any proceeding.

‘‘(b) The parents or guardian of a child or youth and thechild or youth have the rights of confrontation and cross-exami-nation and may be represented by counsel in each and everyphase of any and all proceedings in juvenile matters, includingappeals, and if they are unable to afford counsel, counsel willbe appointed to represent them if such is their request. Thejudicial authority shall appoint counsel for these parties or anyof them (1) upon request and upon a finding that the party,is, in fact, financially unable to employ counsel, or (2) in thecase of counsel for the child, whether a request is made ornot, in any proceeding on a juvenile matter in which the custodyof a child is at issue, or if in the opinion of the judicial authoritythe interests of the child and the parents conflict, or (3) in thecase of counsel for the child and the parent, whether a requestis made or not, if in the opinion of the judicial authority a fairhearing necessitates such an appointment.

‘‘(c) Where the judicial authority so appoints counsel forany such party who is found able to pay, in whole or in part,the cost thereof, it shall assess as costs against such parentor custodian, including any agency vested with the legal cus-tody of the child, the expense so incurred and paid for by thecourt in providing such counsel, to the extent of their financialability to do so. Reimbursement to the appointed attorney ofunrecovered costs shall be made to that attorney by the judicialbranch upon the attorney’s certification of his unrecoveredexpenses to the judicial branch.

‘‘(d) Notices of initial hearings on petitions, shall contain astatement of the respondent’s right to counsel.

‘‘(e) Any confession, admission or statement, written or oral,made by the parent or parents or guardian of the child or youthafter the filing of a petition alleging such child or youth to beneglected, uncared-for or dependent, shall be inadmissible inany proceeding held upon such petition against the personmaking such admission or statement unless such person shallhave been advised of his right to retain counsel, and that ifhe is unable to afford counsel, counsel will be appointed torepresent him, that he has a right to refuse to make anystatement and that any statements he makes may be intro-duced in evidence against him.’’

COMMENTARY—2009: What was subsection (b) of thissection has been transferred with amendments to new subsec-tions (b), (c) and (d). These new subsections are intendedto adopt provisions of General Statutes § 46b-129a which

299


specifies that the child shall have the right to counsel and aguardian ad litem in child protection proceedings.

Additional changes to this section adopt provisions of PublicAct 07-159, §§ 4 and 7, which amended General Statutes§ 46b-136 and General Statutes § 45a-708. These provisionsrequire that any parent in termination of parental rights pro-ceedings who is a minor or an incompetent shall be appointedan attorney guardian ad litem.

The amendment to subsection (g) adopts provisions of Gen-eral Statutes § 46b-137 (b).

The revisions to subsection (h) are technical corrections.

Sec. 32a-2. Hearing Procedure; Subpoenas(a) All hearings are essentially civil proceedings

except where otherwise provided by statute. Tes-timony may be given in narrative form and theproceedings shall at all times be as informal as therequirements of due process and fairness permit.

(b) Issuance, service, and compliance with sub-poenas are governed by General Statutes § 52-143 et seq.

(c) Any pro se party may request the clerk ofthe court to issue subpoenas for persons to testifybefore the judicial authority. Pro se parties shallobtain prior approval from the judicial authorityto issue subpoenas and, if indigent, may seekreimbursement for the costs thereof.


HISTORY—2009: In 2009, ‘‘indigent’’ was deleted in thefirst and second sentences of subsection (c), after ‘‘pro se.’’Also, in the second sentence of subsection (c), ‘‘and court-appointed counsel’’ was deleted before ‘‘shall obtain priorapproval,’’ and ‘‘, if indigent, may’’ was added before ‘‘seekreimbursement.’’

Sec. 32a-3. Standards of Proof(a) The standard of proof applied in a neglect,

uncared for or dependency proceeding is a fairpreponderance of the evidence.

(b) The standard of proof applied in a decisionto terminate parental rights or a finding that effortsto reunify a parent with a child or youth are nolonger appropriate, is clear and convincingevidence.

(c) Any Indian child or youth custody proceed-ings, except delinquency, involving removal of anIndian child or youth from a parent or Indian custo-dian for placement shall, in addition, comply withthe Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA), 25 U.S.C.§ 1901 et seq.


HISTORY—2009: In 2009, ‘‘or youth’’ was added to subsec-tion (b), following ‘‘parent with a child.’’ In subsection (c), ‘‘[a]nyIndian child or youth custody proceedings’’ was substitutedfor ‘‘[a]ny child custody proceedings.’’ Also, in subsection (c),‘‘or youth’’ was added after ‘‘removal of an Indian child.’’

COMMENTARY—2009: The revisions to this section aremade to standardize terms and for clarification.


Sec. 32a-4. Child or Youth Witness(Amended June 30, 2008, to take effect Jan. 1, 2009.)(a) All oral testimony shall be given under oath.

For child or youth witnesses, the oath may be ‘‘youpromise that you will tell the truth.’’ The judicialauthority may, however, admit the testimony of achild or youth without the imposition of a formaloath if the judicial authority finds that the oathwould be meaningless to the particular child oryouth, or would otherwise inhibit the child or youthfrom testifying freely and fully.

(b) Any party who intends to call a child or youthas a witness shall first file a motion seeking per-mission of the judicial authority.

(c) In any proceeding when testimony of a childor youth is taken, an adult who is known to thechild or youth and with whom the child or youthfeels comfortable shall be permitted to sit in closeproximity to the child or youth during the child’sor youth’s testimony without obscuring the childor youth from view and the attorneys shall askquestions and pose objections while seated andin a manner which is not intimidating to the childor youth. The judicial authority shall minimize anydistress to a child or youth in court.

(d) The judicial authority with the consent of allparties may privately interview the child or youth.Counsel may submit questions and areas of con-cern for examination. The knowledge gained insuch a conference shall be shared on the recordwith counsel and, if there is no legal representa-tive, with the parent.

(e) When the witness is the child or youth ofthe respondent, the respondent may be excludedfrom the hearing room upon a showing by clearand convincing evidence that the child or youthwitness would be so intimidated or inhibited thattrustworthiness of the child or youth witness isseriously called into question. In such an instance,if the respondent is without counsel, the judicialauthority shall summarize for the respondent thenature of the child’s or youth’s testimony.


HISTORY—2009: Prior to 2009, this section was entitled,‘‘Child Witness.’’ In 2009, ‘‘or youth’’ was added following eachinstance of ‘‘child,’’ and ‘‘or youth’s’’ was added following eachinstance of ‘‘child’s.’’


Sec. 32a-5. Consultation with Child or Youth(Amended June 30, 2008, to take effect Jan. 1, 2009.)(a) In any permanency hearing held with

respect to the child or youth, including, but notlimited to, any hearing regarding the transition ofthe child or youth from foster care to independentliving, the judicial authority shall assure that there

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is consultation with the child or youth in an age-appropriate manner regarding the proposed per-manency or transition plan for the child or youth.

(b) For good cause shown, the child or youthwho is the subject of a hearing may be excludedfrom the courtroom.


HISTORY—2009: Prior to 2009, this section was entitled,‘‘Child in the Court.’’ Also, prior to 2009, this section read:‘‘For good cause shown, the child who is the subject of thehearing may be excluded from the courtroom.’’

COMMENTARY—2009: The Social Security Act, 42 U.S.C.§ 675 (5) (C), requires new subsection (a). The federal lawrequires that an attorney consult with his or her child client onthat child’s position on any proposed permanency or transitionplan and report it to the judicial authority at the permanencyhearing.

Sec. 32a-6. InterpreterThe judicial authority shall provide an official

interpreter to the parties as necessary to ensuretheir understanding of, and participation in, theproceedings.


Sec. 32a-7. Records(a) Except as otherwise provided by statute, all

records maintained in juvenile matters broughtbefore the judicial authority, either current orclosed, including the transcripts of hearings, shallbe kept confidential.

(b) Except as otherwise provided by statute, nomaterial contained in the court record, includingthe social study, medical or clinical reports, schoolreports, police reports and the reports of socialagencies, may be copied or otherwise reproducedin written form in whole or in part by the partiesor their counsel without the express consent ofthe judicial authority.


Sec. 32a-8. Use of Confidential Alcohol orDrug Abuse Treatment Records AsEvidence(a) Upon a determination by the judicial author-

ity that good cause exists pursuant to federal lawand regulations, the judicial authority may admitevidence of any party’s alcohol or drug treatmentby a facility subject to said regulations.

(b) A party seeking to introduce substanceabuse treatment records shall submit a motionto the judicial authority requesting permission tosubpoena such records and explaining the needfor them, and shall also file a motion to disclosesuch confidential records and permit testimonyregarding them. The motion for permission to sub-poena such records may be signed ex parte bythe judicial authority. If the judicial authority


approves the motion, such records may be sub-poenaed and submitted to the court under seal,and the judicial authority shall set a date for theparties and service providers to be heard on themotion to disclose confidential alcohol or drugabuse treatment records.


Sec. 32a-9. Competency of Parent(a) In any proceeding for the termination of

parental rights, either upon its own motion or amotion of any party alleging specific factual allega-tions of mental impairment that raise a reasonabledoubt about the parent’s competency, the judicialauthority shall appoint an evaluator who is anexpert in mental illness to assess such parent’scompetency; the judicial authority shall thereafterconduct a competency hearing within ten days ofreceipt of the evaluator’s report.

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(b) At a competency hearing held under subsec-tion (a), the judicial authority shall determinewhether the parent is incompetent and if so,whether competency may be restored within areasonable time, considering the age and needsof the child or youth, including the possibleadverse impact of delay in the proceedings. Ifcompetency may be restored within a reasonabletime, the judicial authority shall stay proceedingsand shall issue specific steps the parent shall taketo have competency restored. If competency maynot be restored within a reasonable time, the judi-cial authority may make reasonable accommoda-tions to assist the parent and his or her attorneyin the defense of the case, including the appoint-ment of a guardian ad litem if one has not alreadybeen provided.

(Adopted June 30, 2008, to take effect Jan. 1, 2009.)COMMENTARY—2009: The need for competency assess-

ments in termination of parental rights cases is outlined in Inre Alexander V., 223 Conn. 557, 613 A.2d 780 (1992).


CHAPTER 33

HEARINGS CONCERNING NEGLECTED, UNCARED FOR ANDDEPENDENT CHILDREN AND TERMINATION OF PARENTAL RIGHTS


Sec. Sec.33-1. Adjudicatory Hearing; Actions by Judicial Author-

ity [Repealed]33-2. —Continuance for Case Status Conference

[Repealed]33-3. —Evidence [Repealed]33-4. —Burden of Proceeding [Repealed]33-5. Dispositional Hearing; Evidence and Social Study

[Repealed]33-6. —Availability of Social Study to Counsel and Par-

ties [Repealed]


Sec. 33-1. Adjudicatory Hearing; Actions byJudicial Authority[Repealed as of Jan. 1, 2003.]

Sec. 33-2. —Continuance for Case StatusConference[Repealed as of Jan. 1, 2003.]

Sec. 33-3. —Evidence[Repealed as of Jan. 1, 2003.]

Sec. 33-4. —Burden of Proceeding[Repealed as of Jan. 1, 2003.]

Sec. 33-5. Dispositional Hearing; Evidenceand Social Study[Repealed as of Jan. 1, 2003.]

Sec. 33-6. —Availability of Social Study toCounsel and Parties[Repealed as of Jan. 1, 2003.]

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33-7. —Dispositional Plan Offered by Respondents[Repealed]

33-8. Protective Supervision—Conditions and Modifica-tion [Repealed]

33-9. Extension Petitions [Repealed]33-10. Revocation of Commitments [Repealed]33-11. Modifications [Repealed]33-12. Coterminous Petitions [Repealed]33-13. Transfer from Probate Court of Petitions for

Removal of Parent as Guardian [Repealed]

Sec. 33-7. —Dispositional Plan Offered byRespondents[Repealed as of Jan. 1, 2003.]

Sec. 33-8. Protective Supervision—Condi-tions and Modification[Repealed as of Jan. 1, 2003.]

Sec. 33-9. Extension Petitions[Repealed as of Jan. 1, 2003.]

Sec. 33-10. Revocation of Commitments[Repealed as of Jan. 1, 2003.]

Sec. 33-11. Modifications[Repealed as of Jan. 1, 2003.]

Sec. 33-12. Coterminous Petitions[Repealed as of Jan. 1, 2003.]

Sec. 33-13. Transfer from Probate Court ofPetitions for Removal of Parent as Guardian[Repealed as of Jan. 1, 2003.]


CHAPTER 33a

PETITIONS FOR NEGLECT, UNCARED FOR,DEPENDENCY AND TERMINATION OF PARENTAL RIGHTS:

INITIATION OF PROCEEDINGS, ORDERS OF TEMPORARY CUSTODYAND PRELIMINARY HEARINGS

Sec. Sec.33a-1. Initiation of Judicial Proceeding; Contents of Peti-

tions and Summary of Facts33a-2. Service of Summons, Petitions and Ex Parte Orders33a-3. Venue33a-4. Identity or Location of Respondent Unknown


Sec. 33a-1. Initiation of Judicial Proceeding;Contents of Petitions and Summary of Facts(a) The petitioner shall set forth with reasonable

particularity, including statutory references, thespecific conditions which have resulted in the situ-ation which is the subject of the petition.

(b) A summary of the facts substantiating theallegations of the petition shall be attached theretoand shall be incorporated by reference.


Sec. 33a-2. Service of Summons, Petitionsand Ex Parte Orders(a) A summons accompanying a petition alleg-

ing that a child or youth is neglected, uncared foror dependent, along with the summary of facts,shall be served by the petitioner on the respon-dents and provided to the office of the attorneygeneral at least fourteen days before the date ofthe initial plea hearing on the petition, which shallbe held not more than forty-five days from thedate of filing the petition.

(b) A summons accompanying a petition fortermination of parental rights, along with the sum-mary of facts, shall be served by the petitioner onthe respondents and provided to the office of theattorney general at least ten days prior to the dateof the initial plea hearing on the petition, whichshall be held not more than thirty days after thefiling of the petition except in the case of a petitionfor termination of parental rights based on consentwhich shall be held not more than twenty daysafter the filing of the petition.

(c) A summons accompanying simultaneouslyfiled coterminous petitions, along with the sum-mary of facts, shall be served by the petitioner onthe respondents and provided to the office of the

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33a-5. Address of Person Entitled to Personal ServiceUnknown

33a-6. Order of Temporary Custody; Ex Parte Orders andOrders to Appear

33a-7. Preliminary Order of Temporary Custody or FirstHearing; Actions by Judicial Authority

33a-8. Emergency, Life-Threatening Medical Situa-tions—Procedures

attorney general at least ten days prior to the dateof the initial plea hearing on the petition, whichshall be held not more than thirty days after thefiling of the petitions except in the case of a petitionfor termination of parental rights based on consentwhich shall be held not more than twenty daysafter the filing of the petition.

(d) A summons accompanying any petition filedwith an application for order of temporary custodyshall be served by the petitioner on the respon-dents and provided to the office of the attorneygeneral as soon as practicable after the issuanceof any ex parte order or order to appear, alongwith such order, any sworn statements supportingthe order, the summary of facts, the specific stepsprovided by the judicial authority, and the noticerequired by Section 33a-6.


HISTORY—2009: In 2009, ‘‘or youth’’ was added to subsec-tion (a), following ‘‘petition alleging that a child.’’ In subsections(b) and (c), ‘‘after’’ was substituted for ‘‘from,’’ following ‘‘thirtydays.’’ Following ‘‘after the filing of the petition[s],’’ this lan-guage was added: ‘‘except in the case of a petition for termina-tion of parental rights based on consent which shall be heldnot more than twenty days after the filing of the petition.’’

COMMENTARY—2009: Revisions to this section adoptprovisions of Public Act 04-128, which amended General Stat-utes §§ 17a-112 (i) and 45a-716 (a).

Sec. 33a-3. VenueAll child protection petitions shall be filed within

the juvenile matters district where the child oryouth resided at the time of the filing of the petition,but any child or youth born in any hospital orinstitution where the mother is confined at the timeof birth shall be deemed to have residence in thedistrict wherein such child’s or youth’s mother wasliving at the time of her admission to such hospital


or institution. When placement of a child or youthhas been effected prior to filing of a petition, venueshall be in the district wherein the custodial parentis living at the time of the filing of the petition.


HISTORY—2009: In 2009, ‘‘or youth’s’’ was added to thefirst sentence before ‘‘mother was living’’ and also to the sec-ond sentence after ‘‘placement of a child.’’

COMMENTARY—2009: The revisions to this section aremade to standardize terms.

Sec. 33a-4. Identity or Location of Respon-dent Unknown(a) If the identity or present location of a respon-

dent is unknown when a petition is filed, an affida-vit shall be attached reciting the efforts to identifyand locate that respondent. Notice by publicationto unidentified persons shall be required in anypetition for termination of parental rights.

(b) Subject to Section 32a-1 of these rules, thejudicial authority may notify the chief child protec-tion attorney to assign counsel for an unidentifiedparent or an absent parent who has received onlyconstructive notice of termination of parentalrights proceedings, for the limited purposes ofconducting a reasonable search for the unidenti-fied or absent parents and reporting to the judicialauthority before any adjudication.


HISTORY—2009: In 2009, the second sentence of subsec-tion (a) was deleted. That sentence read: ‘‘The judicial author-ity shall require reasonable efforts to identify and locate theabsent respondent.’’ Prior to 2009, subsection (b) read: ‘‘Thejudicial authority may appoint counsel for an unidentified par-ent or an absent parent who has received only constructivenotice of termination proceedings, for the limited purposes ofconducting a reasonable search for the unidentified or absentparents and reporting to the judicial authority before any adjudi-cation.’’

COMMENTARY—2009: The deletion in subsection (a)removes language that is redundant and that inaccuratelysuggests that a different reasonable efforts finding is required.

The revisions to subsection (b) are made in light of Section32a-1 as revised above.

Sec. 33a-5. Address of Person Entitled toPersonal Service UnknownIf the address of any person entitled to personal

service is unknown, service may be by publicationas ordered by the judicial authority.


Sec. 33a-6. Order of Temporary Custody; ExParte Orders and Orders to Appear(a) If the judicial authority finds, based upon

the specific allegations of the petition and otherverified affirmations of fact provided by the appli-cant, that there is reasonable cause to believethat: (1) the child or youth is suffering from serious

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physical illness or serious physical injury or is inimmediate physical danger from his or her sur-roundings and (2) that as a result of said condi-tions, the child’s or youth’s safety is endangeredand immediate removal from such surroundingsis necessary to ensure the child’s or youth’ssafety, the judicial authority shall, upon properapplication at the time of filing of the petition orat any time subsequent thereto, either (A) issue anorder to the respondents or other persons havingresponsibility for the care of the child or youth toappear at such time as the judicial authority maydesignate to determine whether the judicialauthority should vest in some suitable agency orperson the child’s or youth’s temporary care andcustody pending disposition of the petition, or (B)issue an order ex parte vesting in some suitableagency or person the child’s or youth’s temporarycare and custody.

(b) A preliminary hearing on any ex parte cus-tody order or order to appear issued by the judicialauthority shall be held as soon as practicable butnot later than ten days after the issuance ofsuch order.

(c) If the application is filed subsequent to thefiling of the petition, a motion to amend the petitionor to modify protective supervision shall be filedno later than the next business date before suchpreliminary hearing.

(d) Upon issuance of an ex parte order or orderto appear, the judicial authority shall provide tothe commissioner of the department of childrenand families and the respondents specific stepsnecessary for each to take for the respondents toretain or regain custody of the child or youth.

(e) An ex parte order or order to appear shallbe accompanied by a conspicuous notice to therespondents written in clear and simple languagecontaining at least the following information: (i)That the order contains allegations that conditionsin the home have endangered the safety and wel-fare of the child or youth; (ii) that a hearing willbe held on the date on the form; (iii) that thehearing is the opportunity to present the respon-dents’ position concerning the alleged facts; (iv)that the respondent has the right to remain silent;(v) that an attorney will be appointed for respon-dents who cannot afford an attorney by the chiefchild protection attorney; (vi) that such respon-dents may apply for state paid representation bygoing in person to the court address on the formand are advised to go as soon as possible in orderfor the attorney to prepare for the hearing; and(vii) if such respondents have any questions con-cerning the case or appointment of counsel, anysuch respondent is advised to go to the court, or


contact the clerk’s office, or contact the chief childprotection attorney as soon as possible.

(f) Upon application for state paid representa-tion, the judicial authority shall promptly determineeligibility and, if the respondent is eligible,promptly notify the chief child protection attorneywho shall assign an attorney to provide represen-tation. In the absence of such a request prior tothe preliminary hearing, the chief child protectionattorney shall ensure that standby counsel isavailable at such hearing to assist and/or repre-sent the respondents.


HISTORY—2009: In 2009, ‘‘or youth’’ was added to (a) (1)after ‘‘the child.’’ In (a) (2), ‘‘or youth’s’’ was added after thetwo instances of ‘‘the child’s.’’ Also, in 2009, ‘‘not later’’ wassubstituted for ‘‘no more,’’ and ‘‘after’’ was substituted for‘‘from’’ in subsection (b). In subsection (d), ‘‘of the departmentof children and families’’ was added, after ‘‘commissioner.’’

Prior to 2009, subsections (e) and (f) read: ‘‘(e) An exparte order or order to appear shall be accompanied by aconspicuous notice to the respondents written in clear andsimple language containing at least the following information:(i) That the order contains allegations that conditions in thehome have endangered the safety and welfare of the child;(ii) that a hearing will be held on the date on the form; (iii) thatthe hearing is the opportunity to present the parents’ positionconcerning the alleged facts; (iv) that the respondent has theright to remain silent; (v) that an attorney will be appointed forparents who cannot afford an attorney; (vi) that such parentsmay apply for a court-appointed attorney by going in personto the court address on the form and are advised to go assoon as possible in order for the attorney to prepare for thehearing; and (vii) if such parents have any questions concern-ing the case or appointment of counsel, any such parent isadvised to go to the court or call the clerk’s office at the courtas soon as possible.

‘‘(f) Upon application for appointed counsel, the judicialauthority shall promptly determine eligibility and, if the respon-dent is eligible, promptly appoint counsel. In the absence ofsuch a request prior to the preliminary hearing, the judicialauthority shall ensure that standby counsel is available at suchhearing to assist and/or represent the respondents.’’

COMMENTARY—2009: The changes in subsection (b) areintended to adopt provisions of Public Act 06-102, § 9, whichamended General Statutes § 46b-129 (b). The changes insubsections (e) and (f) are intended to adopt provisions ofPublic Act 07-159, § 4. Other revisions to this section aremade to standardize terms.

Sec. 33a-7. Preliminary Order of TemporaryCustody or First Hearing; Actions by Judi-cial Authority(Amended June 30, 2008, to take effect Jan. 1, 2009.)(a) At the preliminary hearing on the order of

temporary custody or order to appear, or at thefirst hearing on a petition for neglect, uncared for,dependency, or termination of parental rights, thejudicial authority shall:

(1) first determine whether all necessary partiesare present and that the rules governing serviceon or notice to nonappearing parties, and notice to

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grandparents, foster parents, relative caregiversand pre-adoptive parents have been compliedwith, and shall note these facts for the record;

(2) inform the respondents of the allegationscontained in all petitions and applications that arethe subject of the hearing;

(3) inform the respondents of their right toremain silent;

(4) ensure that an attorney, and where appro-priate, a separate guardian ad litem, has beenassigned to represent the child or youth by thechief child protection attorney, in accordance withGeneral Statutes §§ 46b-123e, 46b-129a (2),46b-136 and Section 32a-1 of these rules;

(5) advise the respondents of their right to coun-sel and their right to have counsel assigned if theyare unable to afford representation, determine eli-gibility for state paid representation and notify thechief child protection attorney to assign an attor-ney to represent any respondent who is unableto afford representation, as determined by thejudicial authority;

(6) advise the respondents of the right to a hear-ing on the petitions and applications, to be held notlater than ten days after the date of the preliminaryhearing if the hearing is pursuant to an ex parteorder of temporary custody or an order to appear;

(7) notwithstanding any prior statementsacknowledging responsibility, inquire of the custo-dial respondent in neglect, uncared for anddependency matters, and of all respondents intermination matters, whether the allegations of thepetition are presently admitted or denied;

(8) make any interim orders, including visitation,that the judicial authority determines are in thebest interests of the child or youth, and order spe-cific steps the commissioner and the respondentsshall take for the respondents to regain or to retaincustody of the child or youth;

(9) take steps to determine the identity of thefather of the child or youth, including orderinggenetic testing, if necessary and appropriate, andorder service of the amended petition citing in theputative father and notice of the hearing date, ifany, to be made upon him;

(10) if the person named as the putative fatherappears, and admits that he is the biologicalfather, provide him and the mother with the noticeswhich comply with General Statutes § 17b-27 andprovide them with the opportunity to sign a pater-nity acknowledgment and affirmation on formswhich comply with General Statutes § 17b-27,which documents shall be executed and filed inaccordance with General Statutes § 46b-172 anda copy delivered to the clerk of the superior courtfor juvenile matters; and


(11) in the event that the person named as aputative father appears and denies that he is thebiological father of the child or youth, advise himthat he may have no further standing in any pro-ceeding concerning the child or youth, and eitherorder genetic testing to determine paternity ordirect him to execute a written denial of paternityon a form promulgated by the office of the chiefcourt administrator. Upon execution of such aform by the putative father, the judicial authoritymay remove him from the case and afford him nofurther standing in the case or in any subsequentproceeding regarding the child or youth until suchtime as paternity is established by formal acknowl-edgment or adjudication in a court of competentjurisdiction.

(b) At the preliminary hearing on the order oftemporary custody or order to appear, the judicialauthority may provide parties an opportunity topresent argument with regard to the sufficiencyof the sworn statements.

(c) If any respondent fails, after proper service,to appear at the preliminary hearing, the judicialauthority may enter or sustain an order of tempo-rary custody.

(d) Upon request, or upon its own motion, thejudicial authority shall schedule a hearing on theorder for temporary custody or the order to appearto be held as soon as practicable but not laterthan ten days after the date of the preliminaryhearing. Such hearing shall be held on consecu-tive days except for compelling circumstances orat the request of the respondents.

(e) Subject to the requirements of Section 33a-7 (a) (6), upon motion of any party or on its ownmotion, the judicial authority may consolidate thehearing, on the order of temporary custody ororder to appear with the adjudicatory phase of thetrial on the underlying petition. At a consolidatedorder of temporary custody and neglect adjudica-tion hearing, the judicial authority shall determinethe outcome of the order of temporary custodybased upon whether or not continued removal isnecessary to ensure the child’s or youth’s safety,irrespective of its findings on whether there is suffi-cient evidence to support an adjudication ofneglect or uncared for. Nothing in this subsectionprohibits the judicial authority from proceeding todisposition of the underlying petition immediatelyafter such consolidated hearing if the social studyhas been filed and the parties had previouslyagreed to sustain the order of temporary custodyand waived the ten day hearing or the partiesshould reasonably be ready to proceed.


HISTORY—2009: Prior to 2009, this section was entitled‘‘Preliminary Hearing.’’ Also, prior to 2009, subsection (a) (1)

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read: ‘‘first determine whether all necessary parties are presentand that the rules governing service for nonappearing partieshave been complied with, and shall note these facts for therecord.’’

Prior to 2009, subsection (a) (4) read: ‘‘ensure that an attor-ney, and where appropriate, a separate guardian ad litem,has been appointed to represent the child or youth in accord-ance with General Statutes §§ 46b-129a (2) and 46b-136.’’

Prior to 2009, subsection (a) (5) read: ‘‘advise the respon-dents of their right to counsel and their right to have counselappointed if unable to afford representation and, upon request,appoint an attorney to represent any respondent who is unableto afford representation, as determined by the judicialauthority.’’

In 2009, ‘‘not later than’’ was substituted for ‘‘within,’’ and‘‘after’’ was substituted for ‘‘from’’ in subsection (a) (6). Also,in 2009, ‘‘and appropriate’’ was added to subsection (a) (9),following ‘‘necessary,’’ ‘‘amended’’ was added before ‘‘peti-tion’’ and ‘‘citing in the putative father’’ was added before ‘‘andnotice of the hearing date.’’ In subsection (a) (10), ‘‘putative’’was added before ‘‘father appears,’’ ‘‘biological’’ was addedafter ‘‘admits that he is the,’’ and ‘‘General Statutes § 46b-172’’was substituted for ‘‘chapter 815y of the General Statutes.’’In subsection (a) (11), ‘‘putative’’ was added before ‘‘fatherappears,’’ ‘‘biological’’ was added after ‘‘denies that he is the,’’and ‘‘or youth’’ was added after ‘‘concerning the child.’’ Insubsection (d), ‘‘appear’’ was substituted for ‘‘show cause,’’‘‘not later’’ was substituted for ‘‘no more,’’ and ‘‘from’’ wassubstituted for ‘‘after.’’

Prior to 2009, subsection (e) read: ‘‘When the allegationsare denied, necessitating testimony in support of the petition-er’s allegations, the case shall be continued for a case statusconference and a subsequent hearing before a judicial author-ity who has not read the case status conference memo. Saidcase status conference may be waived by the judicial authority,on its own motion or upon request of the parties.’’

COMMENTARY—2009: The change in subsection (a) (1)is in response to federal requirements and adopts provisionsof Public Act 06-37, which required notification to grandpar-ents, and of Public Act 07-174, § 3.

The changes in subsections (a) (4) and (a) (5) adopt provi-sions of Public Act 07-159, § 5.

The changes in subsection (a) (6) adopt provisions of PublicAct 06-102, § 9, and General Statutes § 46b-129 (d).

The changes in subsections (a) (9) through (a) (11) adoptprovisions of General Statutes § 46b-129 (d) (7); specificallythe option of genetic testing to determine the identity of thefather. Where a respondent has in another court been legallyadjudicated the father, genetic testing is not appropriate absentreopening of an original judgment of paternity.

The original subsection (e) was deleted because the sub-stance of the subsection also appears in subsection 35a-2(a), which is a more appropriate place for it.

New subsection (e) makes it clear that the judicial authoritymay consolidate matters that involve the same child in onehearing or trial.

Sec. 33a-8. Emergency, Life-ThreateningMedical Situations—ProceduresWhen an emergency medical situation exists

which requires the immediate assumption of tem-porary custody of a child or youth by the commis-sioner of the department of children and familiesin order to save the child’s or youth’s life, twophysicians under oath must attest to the need for


such medical treatment. Oral permission by thejudicial authority may be given after receivingsworn oral testimony of two physicians that thespecific surgical or medical intervention is abso-lutely necessary to preserve the child’s or youth’slife. The judicial authority may grant the temporarycustody order ex parte or may schedule an imme-diate hearing prior to issuing said order. At anyimmediate hearing the two physicians shall beavailable for testifying, and the judicial authorityshall appoint counsel for the child or youth andnotify the chief child protection attorney as soonas practicable that said counsel has beenappointed. If the judicial authority grants the tem-porary custody order ex parte by oral permission,based on the sworn oral testimony from the physi-cians, the commissioner of the department of chil-dren and families shall file the application for atemporary custody order together with a neglect

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or uncared for petition on the next business dayfollowing the granting of such order.


HISTORY—2009: Prior to 2009, this section read: ‘‘Whenan emergency medical situation exists which requires theimmediate assumption of temporary custody of a child in orderto save the child’s life, the application for a temporary custodyorder shall be filed together with a neglect or uncared forpetition. Two physicians under oath must attest to the needfor such medical treatment. Oral permission by the judicialauthority may be given after receiving sworn oral testimonyof two physicians that the specific surgical or medical interven-tion is absolutely necessary to preserve the child’s life. Thejudicial authority may grant the temporary custody order exparte or may schedule an immediate hearing prior to issuingsaid order. At any hearing the two physicians shall be availablefor testifying, and the judicial authority shall appoint counselfor the child.’’

COMMENTARY—2009: The revisions to this section clarifythe procedure concerning emergency medical situations.Notice to the chief child protection attorney is appropriate inlight of the statutes concerning that office.


CHAPTER 34

RIGHTS OF PARTIES[Repealed as of Jan. 1, 2003.]

Sec. Sec.34-1. Right to Counsel and to Remain Silent [Repealed]34-2. Hearing Procedure; Subpoenas [Repealed]


Sec. 34-1. Right to Counsel and to RemainSilent[Repealed as of Jan. 1, 2003.]

Sec. 34-2. Hearing Procedure; Subpoenas[Repealed as of Jan. 1, 2003.]

Sec. 34-3. Standards of Proof[Repealed as of Jan. 1, 2003.]

Sec. 34-4. Child Witness[Repealed as of Jan. 1, 2003.]

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34-3. Standards of Proof [Repealed]34-4. Child Witness [Repealed]


CHAPTER 34a

PLEADINGS, MOTIONS AND DISCOVERYNEGLECTED, UNCARED FOR AND DEPENDENT CHILDREN

AND TERMINATION OF PARENTAL RIGHTS

Sec. Sec.34a-1. Motions, Requests and Amendments34a-2. Short Calendar—Frequency34a-3. Short Calendar—Assignments Automatic34a-4. Short Calendar—Continuances When Counsel’s

Presence or Oral Argument Required34a-5. Continuances and Advancements34a-6. Pleadings Allowed and Their Order34a-7. Waiving Right to Plead34a-8. Time to Plead34a-9. Motion to Dismiss34a-10. Grounds of Motion to Dismiss34a-11. Waiver Based on Certain Grounds


Sec. 34a-1. Motions, Requests andAmendments(a) Except as otherwise provided, the sections

in chapters 1 through 7 shall apply to juvenilematters in the superior court as defined by Gen-eral Statutes § 46b-121.

(b) The provisions of Sections 8-2, 9-5, 9-22,10-12 (a), 10-13, 10-14, 10-17, 10-18, 10-29, 10-62, 11-4, 11-5, 11-6, 11-7, 11-8, 11-10,11-11, 11-12, 11-13, 12-1, 12-2, 12-3 and 17-21 of the rulesof practice shall apply to juvenile matters asdefined by General Statutes § 46b-121.

(c) A motion or request, other than a motionmade orally during a hearing, shall be in writing.An objection to a request shall also be in writing.A motion, request or objection to a request shallhave annexed to it a proper order and whereappropriate shall be in the form called for by Sec-tion 4-1. The form and manner of notice shalladequately inform the interested parties of thetime, place and nature of the hearing. A motion,request, or objection to a request whose form isnot therein prescribed shall state in paragraphssuccessively numbered the specific grounds uponwhich it is made. A copy of all written motions,requests, or objections to requests shall be servedon the opposing party or counsel pursuant to Sec-tions 10-12 (a) and (c), 10-13, 10-14 and 10-17.All motions or objections to requests shall be givenan initial hearing by the judicial authority withinfifteen days after filing provided reasonable noticeis given to parties in interest, or notices arewaived; any motion in a case on trial or assigned

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34a-12. Waiver and Subject Matter Jurisdiction34a-13. Further Pleading by Respondent or Child34a-14. Response to Summary of Facts34a-15. Motion to Strike34a-16. Reasons in Motion to Strike34a-17. Memorandum of Law—Motion and Objection34a-18. When Memorandum of Decision Required on

Motion to Strike34a-19. Substitute Pleading; Judgment34a-20. Discovery34a-21. Court Ordered Evaluations34a-22. Motion for Contempt34a-23. Motion for Emergency Relief

for trial may be disposed of by the judicial authorityat its discretion or ordered upon the docket.

(d) A petition may be amended at any timeby the judicial authority on its own motion or inresponse to a motion prior to any final adjudica-tion. When an amendment has been so ordered,a continuance shall be granted whenever the judi-cial authority finds that the new allegations in thepetition justify the need for additional time to per-mit the parties to respond adequately to the addi-tional or changed facts and circumstances.

(e) If the moving party determines and reportsthat all counsel and pro se parties agree to thegranting of a motion or agree that the motion maybe considered without the need for oral argumentor testimony and the motion states on its face thatthere is such an agreement, the judicial authoritymay consider and rule on the motion without ahearing.


HISTORY—2009: In 2009, ‘‘and 17-21’’ was added to theend of the list of Sections in subsection (b), and a commareplaced ‘‘and’’ after ‘‘12-2.’’

COMMENTARY—2009: The proposed revision adds themilitary affidavit rule for child protection cases. Case law sup-ports this addition.

Sec. 34a-2. Short Calendar—FrequencyShort calendar sessions shall be held in each

juvenile matters court location at least once everytwo weeks, the date, hour and place to be fixed bythe presiding judge upon due notice to the clerk.



Sec. 34a-3. Short Calendar—AssignmentsAutomaticMatters to be placed on the short calendar shall

be assigned automatically by the clerk. No suchmatters shall be so assigned unless filed at leastfive days before the opening of court on the shortcalendar day, unless for good cause shown.


Sec. 34a-4. Short Calendar—ContinuancesWhen Counsel’s Presence or Oral Argu-ment RequiredMatters on the short calendar docket requiring

oral argument or counsel’s presence shall not becontinued except for good cause shown; and nosuch matter in which adverse parties are inter-ested shall be continued unless the parties shallagree thereto before the day of the short calendarsession and notify the clerk, subject to theapproval of the judicial authority. In the absenceof such an agreement, unless the judicial authorityshall otherwise order, any counsel appearing mayargue the matter and submit it for decision, orrequest that it be denied.


Sec. 34a-5. Continuances and Advance-ments(a) Motions for continuances or changes in

scheduled court dates must be submitted in writ-ing in compliance with Section 34a-1 (c) and filedno later than seven days prior to the scheduleddate. Such motions must state the precise reasonfor the request, the name of the judge scheduledto hear the case, and whether or not all otherparties consent to the request. After consultingwith the presiding judge, a court services officeror clerk will handle bona fide emergency requestssubmitted less than seven days prior to scheduledcourt dates.

(b) Trials that are not completed within the allot-ted prescheduled time will be subject to continua-tion at the next available court date.


Sec. 34a-6. Pleadings Allowed and TheirOrderThe order of pleadings shall be as follows:(1) The petition.(2) The respondent’s or child’s motion to

dismiss.(3) The respondent’s or child’s motion to strike.(Adopted June 24, 2002, to take effect Jan. 1, 2003.)

Sec. 34a-7. Waiving Right to PleadIn all cases, when the judicial authority does

not otherwise order, the filing of any pleading pro-vided for by the preceding section will waive the

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right to file any pleading which might have beenfiled in due order and which precedes it in theorder of pleading provided in that section.


Sec. 34a-8. Time to PleadCommencing on the plea date stated on the

petition, pleadings shall first advance within fifteendays from the plea date stated on the petition, andany subsequent pleadings, motions and requestsshall advance at least one step within each suc-cessive period of fifteen days from the precedingpleading or the filing of the decision of the judicialauthority thereon if one is required.

If the respondent enters a pro forma denialbefore the plea date stated on the petition, therespondent is not precluded from filing any plead-ings within the time frame specified.


Sec. 34a-9. Motion to DismissAny respondent or child, wishing to contest the

court’s jurisdiction, may do so even after havingentered a general appearance, but must do so byfiling a motion to dismiss within fifteen days of theplea date stated on the petition.


Sec. 34a-10. Grounds of Motion to Dismiss(a) The motion to dismiss shall be used to

assert: (1) lack of jurisdiction over the subject mat-ter; (2) lack of jurisdiction over the person; (3)improper venue; (4) insufficiency of process; and(5) insufficiency of service of process. A motionto dismiss shall always be filed with a supportingmemorandum of law, and where appropriate, withsupporting affidavits as to facts not apparent onthe record.

(b) Any adverse party who objects to a motionto dismiss shall, at least five days before themotion is to be considered on the short calendar,file and serve in accordance with Sections 10-12(a) and (c), 10-13, 10-14 and 10-17 a memoran-dum of law and, where appropriate, supportingaffidavits as to facts not apparent on the record.


Sec. 34a-11. Waiver Based on CertainGroundsAny claim of lack of jurisdiction over the person,

improper venue, insufficiency of process, or insuf-ficiency of service of process is waived if notraised by a motion to dismiss filed in the sequenceprovided in Sections 34a-3 and 34a-4 and withinthe time provided by Section 34a-6.



Sec. 34a-12. Waiver and Subject MatterJurisdictionAny claim of lack of jurisdiction over the subject

matter cannot be waived; and whenever it is foundafter suggestion of the parties or otherwise thatthe judicial authority lacks jurisdiction of the sub-ject matter, the judicial authority shall dismissthe action.


Sec. 34a-13. Further Pleading by Respon-dent or ChildIf a motion to dismiss is denied with respect to

any jurisdictional issue, the respondent or childmay plead further without waiving the right to con-test jurisdiction further.


Sec. 34a-14. Response to Summary of FactsIn addition to the entry of a pro forma plea of

denial, a parent, legal guardian or child may,within thirty days of the plea date, file a writtenresponse to the summary of facts attached to thepetition specifying that certain allegations in saidsummary of facts are irrelevant, immaterial, falseor otherwise improper.


Sec. 34a-15. Motion to Strike(a) Whenever any party wishes to contest: (1)

the legal sufficiency of the allegations of any peti-tion, or of any one or more counts thereof, to statea claim upon which relief can be granted; or (2)the legal sufficiency of any prayer for relief in anysuch petition; or (3) the legal sufficiency of anysuch petition, or any count thereof, because ofthe absence of any necessary party; or (4) thejoining of two or more causes of action whichcannot properly be united in one petition whetherthe same be stated in one or more counts, thatparty may do so by filing a motion to strike thecontested petition or part thereof.

(b) A motion to strike on the ground of the non-joinder of a necessary party must give the nameand residence of the missing party or such infor-mation as the moving party has as to the identityand residence of the missing party and must statethe missing party’s interest in the cause of action


Sec. 34a-16. Reasons in Motion to StrikeEach motion to strike raising any of the claims

of legal insufficiency enumerated in the precedingsections shall separately set forth each such claimof insufficiency and shall distinctly specify the rea-son or reasons for each such claimed insuffi-ciency.


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Sec. 34a-17. Memorandum of Law—Motionand Objection(a) Each motion to strike must be accompanied

by an appropriate memorandum of law citing thelegal authorities upon which the motion relies.

(b) Any adverse party who objects to this motionshall, at least five days before the date the motionis to be considered on the short calendar, file andserve in accordance with Sections 10-12 (a) and(c), 10-13, 10-14 and 10-17 a memorandum oflaw.


Sec. 34a-18. When Memorandum of Deci-sion Required on Motion to StrikeWhenever a motion to strike is filed and more

than one ground of decision is set forth therein,the judicial authority, in rendering the decisionthereon, shall specify in writing the grounds uponwhich that decision is based.


Sec. 34a-19. Substitute Pleading; JudgmentWithin fifteen days after the granting of any

motion to strike, the petitioner may file a new peti-tion; provided that in those instances where anentire petition has been stricken, and the peti-tioner fails to file a new petition within that fifteen-day period, the judicial authority may, uponmotion, enter judgment against said party on saidstricken petition.


Sec. 34a-20. Discovery(a) Access to the records of the department of

children and families shall be permitted in accord-ance with General Statutes § 17a-28 and otherapplicable provisions of the law.

(b) Pretrial discovery by interrogatory, produc-tion, inspection or deposition of a person may beallowed with the permission of the judicial author-ity only if the information or material sought isnot otherwise obtainable and upon a finding thatproceedings will not be unduly delayed.

(c) Upon its own motion or upon the request ofa party, the judicial authority may limit discoverymethods, and specify overall timing andsequence, provided that the parties shall beallowed a reasonable opportunity to obtain infor-mation needed for the preparation of their case.The judicial authority may grant the requesteddiscovery, order reciprocal discovery, orderappropriate sanctions permitted under Section13-14 for any clear misuse of discovery or arbi-trary delay or refusal to comply with a discoveryrequest, and deny, limit, or set conditions on therequested discovery, including any protectiveorders under Section 13-5.


(d) If the judicial authority permits discovery,the provisions of Sections 13-1 through 13-11inclusive, 13-14, 13-16, 13-21 through 13-32inclusive may be incorporated in the discoveryorder in the discretion of the judicial authority.Motions for discovery or disclosure of confidentialrecords should not be filed unless the movingparty has attempted unsuccessfully to obtain anappropriate release or agreement to disclose fromthe party or person whose records are beingsought.

(e) If, subsequent to compliance with any filedrequest or order for discovery and prior to or dur-ing trial, a party discovers additional or new mate-rial or information previously requested andordered subject to discovery or inspection, or dis-covers that the prior compliance was totally orpartially incorrect or, though correct when made,is no longer true and the circumstances are suchthat a failure to amend the compliance is in sub-stance a knowing concealment, that party shallpromptly notify the other party, or the other party’sattorney and file and serve in accordance withSection 10-12 through 10-17 a supplemental orcorrected compliance.


Sec. 34a-21. Court Ordered Evaluations(a) The judicial authority, after hearing on a

motion for a court ordered evaluation or after anagreement has been reached to conduct suchan evaluation, may order a mental or physicalexamination of a child or youth. The judicialauthority after hearing or after an agreement hasbeen reached may also order a thorough physicalor mental examination of a parent or guardianwhose competency or ability to care for a child oryouth is at issue.

(b) At the time of appointment of any courtappointed evaluator, counsel and the court ser-vices officer shall complete the evaluation formand agree upon appropriate questions to beaddressed by the evaluator and materials to bereviewed by the evaluator. If the parties cannotagree, the judicial authority shall decide the issueof appropriate questions to be addressed andmaterials to be reviewed by the evaluator. A repre-sentative of the court shall contact the evaluatorand arrange for scheduling and for delivery of thereferral package.

(c) Any party who wishes to alter, update,amend or modify the initial terms of referral shallseek prior permission of the judicial authority.There shall be no ex parte communication withthe evaluator by counsel prior to completion ofthe evaluation.

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(d) After the evaluation has been completedand filed with the court, counsel may communi-cate with the evaluator subject to the followingterms and conditions:

(1) Counsel shall identify themselves as anattorney and the party she or he represents;

(2) Counsel shall advise the evaluator that withrespect to any substantive inquiry into the evalua-tion or opinions contained therein, the evaluatorhas the right to have the interview take place inthe presence of counsel of his/her choice, or inthe presence of all counsel of record;

(3) Counsel shall have a duty to disclose toother counsel the nature of any ex parte communi-cation with the evaluator and whether it was sub-stantive or procedural. The disclosure shall occurwithin a reasonable time after the communicationand prior to the time of the evaluator’s testimony;

(4) All counsel shall have the right to contactthe evaluator and discuss procedural mattersrelating to the time and place of court hearings orevaluation sessions, the evaluator’s willingness tovoluntarily attend without subpoena, what recordsare requested, and the parameters of the pro-posed examination of the evaluator as a witness.


Sec. 34a-22. Motion for ContemptAll motions for contempt must state: (1) the date

and specific language of the order of the judicialauthority on which the motion is based; (2) thespecific acts alleged to constitute the contempt ofthat order, including the amount of any arrearsclaimed due as of the date of the motion or adate specifically identified in the motion; (3) themovant’s claims for relief for the contempt.


Sec. 34a-23. Motion for Emergency Relief(a) Notwithstanding the above provisions, any

party may file a motion for emergency relief, seek-ing an order directed to the parents, includingany person who acknowledged before a judicialauthority paternity of a child born out of wedlock,guardians, custodians or other adult personsowing some legal duty to the child, as deemednecessary or appropriate to secure the welfare,protection, proper care and suitable support of achild or youth before this court for the protectionof the child. Such orders include, but are not lim-ited to, an order for access to the family home,an order seeking medical exam or mental healthexam or treatment of the child, an order to remedya dangerous condition in the family or foster home,an order to provide or to accept and cooperatewith certain services, or an order prohibiting theremoval of the child from the state or the home.Such motions may be heard at the next short


calendar; however, if the exigencies of the situa-tion demand, the judicial authority may orderimmediate ex parte relief, pending an expedi-tious hearing.

(b) No motion for emergency relief shall begranted without notice to each party unless theapplicant certifies one of the following to the courtin writing:

(1) facts showing that within a reasonable timeprior to presenting the motion the moving party

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gave notice to all other parties of the time whenand the place where the motion would be pre-sented and provided a copy of the motion; or

(2) the moving party in good faith attempted butwas unable to give notice to the other parties,specifying the efforts made to contact such par-ties; or

(3) facts establishing good cause why the mov-ing party should not be required to give notice toother parties.



CHAPTER 35

GENERAL PROVISIONS


Sec. Sec.35-1. Petitions, Motions and Amendments [Repealed]35-2. Continuances and Advancements [Repealed]35-3. Discovery [Repealed]


Sec. 35-1. Petitions, Motions and Amend-ments[Repealed as of Jan. 1, 2003.]

Sec. 35-2. Continuances and Advance-ments[Repealed as of Jan. 1, 2003.]

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35-4. Appeal [Repealed]35-5. Recording of Testimony; Records [Repealed]

Sec. 35-3. Discovery[Repealed as of Jan. 1, 2003.]

Sec. 35-4. Appeal[Repealed as of Jan. 1, 2003.]

Sec. 35-5. Recording of Testimony; Records[Repealed as of Jan. 1, 2003.]


CHAPTER 35a

HEARINGS CONCERNING NEGLECTED, UNCARED FOR AND DEPENDENT CHILDREN ANDTERMINATION OF PARENTAL RIGHTS

Sec. Sec.35a-1. Adjudication upon Acceptance of Admission or

Written Plea of Nolo Contendere35a-1A. Record of the Case35a-1B. Exclusion of Unnecessary Persons from

Courtroom35a-2. Case Status Conference or Judicial Pretrial35a-3. Coterminous Petitions35a-4. Intervening Parties35a-5. Notice and Right to Be Heard35a-6. Post-Disposition Role of Former Guardian35a-6A. Consolidation35a-7. Evidence35a-7A. Adverse Inference35a-8. Burden of Proceeding35a-9. Dispositional Hearing; Evidence and Social Study35a-10. Availability of Social Study to Counsel and Parties35a-11. Dispositional Plan Offered by Respondents


Sec. 35a-1. Adjudication upon Acceptanceof Admission or Written Plea of Nolo Con-tendere(Amended June 30, 2008, to take effect Jan. 1, 2009.)(a) Notwithstanding any prior statements

acknowledging responsibility, the judicial author-ity shall inquire whether the allegations of the peti-tion are presently admitted or denied. This inquiryshall be made of the parent(s) or guardian inneglect, uncared for or dependent matters; andof the parents in termination matters.

(b) An admission to allegations or a written pleaof nolo contendere signed by the respondent maybe accepted by the judicial authority. Beforeaccepting an admission or plea of nolo conten-dere, the judicial authority shall determinewhether the right to counsel has been waived,and that the parties understand the content andconsequences of their admission or plea. If theallegations are admitted or the plea accepted, thejudicial authority shall make its adjudicatory find-ing as to the validity of the facts alleged in thepetition and may proceed to a dispositional hear-ing. Where appropriate, the judicial authority maypermit a noncustodial parent or guardian to standsilent as to the entry of an adjudication.


HISTORY—2009: Prior to 2009, this section read: ‘‘(a) Thejudicial authority shall first determine whether all necessaryparties are present and that the rules governing service for

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35a-12. Protective Supervision—Conditions and Modifi-cation

35a-13. Findings as to Continuation in the Home, Effortsto Prevent Removal

35a-14. Motions for Review of Permanency Plan35a-14A. Revocation35a-15. Reunification Efforts—Aggravating Factors35a-16. Modifications35a-17. Motions to Review Plan for Child Whose Parents’

Rights Have Been Terminated [Repealed]35a-18. Opening Default35a-19. Transfer from Probate Court of Petitions for

Removal of Parent as Guardian or Terminationof Parental Rights

35a-20. Motions for Reinstatement of Parent as Guardianof Modification of Guardianship Post-Dispo-sition

35a-21. Appeals

nonappearing parties have been complied with, and shall notethese facts for the record. The judicial authority shall theninform the unrepresented parties of the substance of thepetition.

‘‘(b) Notwithstanding any prior statements acknowledgingresponsibility, the judicial authority shall inquire whether theallegations of the petition are presently admitted or denied.This inquiry shall be made of the custodial parent in neglect,uncared for or dependent matters; and of all appearing parentsin termination matters.

‘‘(c) A written plea of nolo contendere signed by the respon-dent may be accepted by the judicial authority. Beforeaccepting an admission or plea of nolo contendere, the judicialauthority shall determine whether the right to counsel hasbeen waived, and that the parties understand the content andconsequences of their admission or plea. If the allegationsare admitted or the plea accepted, the judicial authority shallmake its finding as to the validity of the facts alleged in thepetition and may proceed to a dispositional hearing.

‘‘(d) A verbatim stenographic or electronic recording of allhearings shall be kept, any transcript of which shall be partof the record of the case.’’

COMMENTARY—2009: The substance of the former sub-section (a) appears in subsections 33a-7 (a) (1) and (2); there-fore, the former subsection (a) is unnecessary. The revisionsto new subsection (a) are for clarification. The revisions tonew subsection (b) clarify that, in lieu of taking evidence inthe adjudicatory phase, the defendant may admit to allegationsin the petition by an admission or a written plea of nolo conten-dere. The amendment concerning standing silent is consistentwith In re David L., 54 Conn. App. 185, 733 A.2d 897 (1999).Subsection (d) has been relocated to new Section 35a-1A.

Sec. 35a-1A. Record of the CaseA verbatim stenographic or electronic recording

of all hearings shall be kept, any transcript ofwhich shall be part of the record of the case.



COMMENTARY—2009: This new section has been relo-cated from subsection 35a-1 (d).

Sec. 35a-1B. Exclusion of Unnecessary Per-sons from CourtroomAny judicial authority hearing a child protection

matter may, during such hearing, exclude fromthe room in which such hearing is held any personwhose presence is, in the opinion of the judicialauthority, not necessary.

(Adopted June 30, 2008, to take effect Jan. 1, 2009.)COMMENTARY—2009: This new section adopts provi-

sions of General Statutes § 46b-122.

Sec. 35a-2. Case Status Conference or Judi-cial Pretrial(a) When the allegations of the petition are

denied, necessitating testimony in support of thepetitioner’s allegations, the case shall be contin-ued for a case status conference and/or a judicialpretrial. The case status conference or judicialpretrial may be waived by the judicial authorityupon request of all the parties.

(b) Parties with decision-making authority tosettle must be present or immediately accessibleduring a case status conference or judicial pretrial.Continuances will be granted only in accordancewith Section 34a-5.

(c) At the case status conference and/or judicialpretrial, all attorneys and pro se parties will beprepared to discuss the following matters:

(1) Settlement;(2) Simplification and narrowing of the issues;(3) Amendments to the pleadings;(4) The setting of firm trial dates;(5) Preliminary witness lists;(6) Identification of necessary arrangements for

trial including, but not limited to, application forwrit of habeas corpus for incarcerated parties,transportation, interpreters, and specialequipment;

(7) Such other actions as may aid in the disposi-tion of the case.

(d) When necessary, the judicial authority mayissue a trial management order including, but notlimited to, an order fixing a date prior to trial bywhich all parties are to exchange proposed wit-ness and exhibit lists and copies of proposedexhibits not previously exchanged. Failure to com-ply with this order may result in the imposition ofsanctions as the ends of justice may require.


HISTORY—2009: Prior to 2009, subdivision (4) of subsec-tion (c) read: ‘‘[s]uch other actions as may aid in the dispositionof the case.’’ In 2009, what were subdivisions (5) through(7) of subsection (c) became subdivisions (4) through (6) ofsubsection (c). In the newly designated subdivision (6), ‘‘appli-cation for writ of habeas corpus’’ was substituted for ‘‘habeas’’

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before ‘‘for incarcerated parties,’’ and the period at the end ofthe subdivision was replaced with a semicolon. Also, in 2009,subdivision (7) of subsection (c) was added.


Sec. 35a-3. Coterminous PetitionsWhen coterminous petitions are filed, the judi-

cial authority first determines by a fair preponder-ance of the evidence whether the child or youthis neglected, uncared for or dependent; if so, thenthe judicial authority determines whether statutorygrounds exist to terminate parental rights by clearand convincing evidence; if so, then the judicialauthority determines whether termination ofparental rights is in the best interests of the childor youth by clear and convincing evidence. If thejudicial authority determines that terminationgrounds do not exist or termination of parentalrights is not in the best interests of the child oryouth, then the judicial authority may consider bya fair preponderance of the evidence any of thedispositional alternatives available under theneglect, uncared for or dependent petition.


HISTORY—2009: In 2009, ‘‘or youth’’ was added followingeach instance of ‘‘the child.’’ Also, in 2009, ‘‘interest’’ wasmade plural, and ‘‘of parental rights’’ was added following‘‘judicial authority determines whether termination’’ and‘‘grounds do not exist or termination.’’


Sec. 35a-4. Intervening Parties(a) In making a determination upon a motion to

intervene by any grandparent of the child or youth,the judicial authority shall consider:

(1) the timeliness of the motion as judged byall the circumstances of the case;

(2) whether the movant has a direct and imme-diate interest in the case.

(b) Other persons including, but not limited to,siblings may move to intervene in the dispositionalphase of the case, and the judicial authority maygrant said motion if it determines that such inter-vention is in the best interest of the child or youthor in the interests of justice.

(c) In making a determination upon a motion tointervene by any other person, the judicial author-ity shall consider:

(1) the timeliness of the motion as judged byall the circumstances of the case;

(2) whether the movant has a direct and imme-diate interest in the case;

(3) whether the movant’s interest is not ade-quately represented by existing parties;


(4) whether the intervention may cause delayin the proceedings or other prejudice to theexisting parties;

(5) the necessity for or value of the interventionin terms of resolving the controversy before thejudicial authority.

(d) Upon the granting of such motion, suchgrandparent or other person may appear by coun-sel or in person. Intervenors are responsible forobtaining their own counsel and are not entitledto state paid representation by the chief child pro-tection attorney.

(e) When a judicial authority grants a motion tointervene in proceedings concerning a pendingneglect or uncared for petition, the judicial author-ity may determine at the time of disposition of thepetition whether good cause exists to permit saidintervenor to participate in future proceedings asa party and what, if any further actions, the interve-nor is required to take.


HISTORY—2009: In 2009, ‘‘or youth’’ was added after ‘‘thechild’’ in subsections (a) and (b). In subsection (b), ‘‘case’’was substituted for ‘‘trial.’’ Also, in 2009, ‘‘movant’’ and ‘‘mov-ant’s’’ was substituted for ‘‘applicant’’ and ‘‘applicant’s,’’respectively, in subsections (a) (2), (c) (2), and (c) (3). In theintroductory clause to subsection (c), ‘‘person’’ was substitutedfor ‘‘applicant.’’

Prior to 2009, subsection (d) read: ‘‘Upon the granting ofsuch motion, such grandparent or other applicant may appearby counsel or in person. Intervenors are responsible forobtaining their own counsel and are not entitled to appointmentof counsel at state expense by the court.’’

Subsection (e) was added in 2009.COMMENTARY—2009: The revisions to subsections (a)

and (b) are made to standardize terms and for clarification.The revisions to subsection (c) are made because the use

of the word ‘‘applicant’’ misleadingly implies application forcounsel.

The revisions to subsection (d) are intended to adopt provi-sions of General Statutes §§ 46b-123e and 46b-136. The chiefchild protection attorney is not authorized to provide counselto intervenors unless the judicial authority determines thatthe interests of justice require that the chief child protectionattorney provide representation to an intervenor.

New subsection (e) clarifies that intervenors may continueto participate in post-disposition proceedings only with theapproval of the judicial authority.

Sec. 35a-5. Notice and Right to Be Heard(Amended June 30, 2008, to take effect Jan. 1, 2009.)(a) Any foster parent, prospective adoptive par-

ent or relative caregiver shall be notified of andhave a right to be heard in any proceeding heldconcerning a child or youth living with such fosterparent, prospective adoptive parent or relativecaregiver. The commissioner of the departmentof children and families shall provide written noticeof all court proceedings concerning any child or

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youth to any such foster parent, prospective adop-tive parent or relative caregiver of such child oryouth. Records of such notice shall be kept bythe commissioner of the department of childrenand families and information about notice givenin each case provided to the court.

(b) Upon motion of any sibling of any child oryouth committed to the commissioner of thedepartment of children and families pursuant toGeneral Statutes § 46b-129, the sibling shall havethe right to be heard concerning visitation withand placement of any such child or youth.


HISTORY—2009: Prior to 2009, this section was entitled,‘‘Foster Parents’ and Siblings’ Right to Be Heard.’’ Prior to2009, subsection (a) read: ‘‘Any foster parent has the right tobe heard concerning the placement or revocation of commit-ment of a foster child living with such foster parent.’’ In 2009,‘‘or youth’’ was added following each instance of ‘‘child’’ insubsection (b), and ‘‘commissioner of the’’ was added before‘‘department of children and families.’’

COMMENTARY—2009: The revisions to subsection (a) areintended to adopt provisions of Public Act 07-174, § 3, GeneralStatutes § 46b-129 (o) and federal law.

The revisions to subsection (b) are made to standardizeterms.

Sec. 35a-6. Post-Disposition Role of For-mer GuardianWhen a court of competent jurisdiction has

ordered legal guardianship of a child or youth toa person other than the biological parents of thechild or youth prior to the juvenile court proceed-ing, the juvenile court shall determine at the timeof the commitment of the child or youth to thecommissioner of the department of children andfamilies whether good cause exists to allow saidlegal guardian to participate in future proceedingsas a party and what, if any further actions thecommissioner of the department of children andfamilies and the guardian are required to take.


HISTORY—2009: In 2009, ‘‘or youth’’ was added followingeach instance of ‘‘child,’’ and ‘‘commissioner of the’’ was addedfollowing each instance of ‘‘department of children andfamilies.’’

COMMENTARY—2009: The revisions to this section aremade to standardize terms.

Sec. 35a-6A. ConsolidationUpon motion of any party or on its own motion,

the judicial authority may consolidate separatepetitions for trial. In determining whether to con-solidate, the judicial authority shall considerwhether consolidation will expedite the businessof the court without causing delay or injustice.



COMMENTARY—2009: This new section clarifies that thejudicial authority may resolve matters involving the same childor children of the same parent or parents in one hearing or trial.

Sec. 35a-7. Evidence(a) In the adjudicatory phase, the judicial

authority is limited to evidence of events preced-ing the filing of the petition or the latest amend-ment, except where the judicial authority mustconsider subsequent events as part of its determi-nation as to the existence of a ground for termina-tion of parental rights.

(b) In the discretion of the judicial authority,evidence on adjudication and disposition may beheard in a nonbifurcated hearing, provided dispo-sition may not be considered until the adjudicatoryphase has concluded.


Sec. 35a-7A. Adverse InferenceIf a party requests that the judicial authority

draw an adverse inference from a parent’s orguardian’s failure to testify or the judicial authorityintends to draw an adverse inference, either at thestart of any trial or after the close of the petitioner’scase-in-chief, the judicial authority shall notify theparents or guardian that an adverse inferencemay be drawn from their failure to testify.

(Adopted June 30, 2008, to take effect Jan. 1, 2009.)COMMENTARY—2009: If an adverse inference is not

requested, hearing the warning at the start of every trial maycompel a parent or guardian to testify in every case, evenwhere an adverse inference is not being requested. In reSamantha C., 268 Conn. 614, 666–73, 847 A.2d 883 (2004),permits the judicial authority to take an adverse inference froma party’s failure to testify provided the party is given fair warningof that possibility.

Sec. 35a-8. Burden of Proceeding(a) The petitioner shall be prepared to substan-

tiate the allegations of the petition. All partiesexcept the child or youth shall be present at trialunless excused for good cause shown. Failure ofany party to appear in person or by their statutorilypermitted designee may result in a default or non-suit for failure to appear for trial, as the case maybe, and evidence may be introduced and judg-ment rendered.

(b) The clerk shall give notice by mail to thedefaulted party and the party’s attorney of thedefault and of any action taken by the judicialauthority. The clerk shall note the date that suchnotice is given or mailed.


HISTORY—2009: Prior to 2009, subsection (a) read: ‘‘Thepetitioner shall be prepared to substantiate the allegations ofthe petition. If a custodial parent fails to appear, the judicialauthority may default that parent, evidence may be introducedand judgment rendered. In the event of a coterminous hearing,the judicial authority shall ensure that the parents are given

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adequate time to appear.’’ In 2009, in the second sentenceof subsection (b), ‘‘on the docket’’ was deleted after ‘‘clerkshall note.’’

COMMENTARY—2009: The revisions in subsection (a)regarding default are made to emphasize the need for allparties, not just the custodial parent, to be present at trial.The last sentence is deleted because there is no statutory orcase law distinction for the type of or time for notice requiredfor coterminous petitions. There is not a different notice stan-dard for respondents to coterminous petitions.

The revisions to subsection (b) are made to clarify that thisinformation is recorded in the court file, not on the docket.

Sec. 35a-9. Dispositional Hearing; Evidenceand Social StudyThe judicial authority may admit into evidence

any testimony relevant and material to the issueof the disposition, including events occurringthrough the close of the evidentiary hearing, butno disposition may be made by the judicial author-ity until any mandated social study has been sub-mitted to the judicial authority. Said study shall bemarked as an exhibit subject to the right of anyparty to be heard on a motion in limine requestingredactions and to require that the author, if avail-able, appear for cross-examination.


HISTORY—2009: In 2009, ‘‘be heard on a motion in liminierequesting redactions and to’’ was added to the second sen-tence, between ‘‘subject to the right of any party to’’ and‘‘require that the author.’’

COMMENTARY—2009: The revision to this section reflectsexisting practice and makes clear that social studies may con-tain objectionable material that the opposing party should beable to challenge prior to admission into evidence.

Sec. 35a-10. Availability of Social Study toCounsel and PartiesThe mandated social study, update or any other

written report or evaluation made available to thejudicial authority shall be made available forinspection to all counsel of record and, in theabsence of counsel, to the parties themselvesbefore the scheduled case status conference, pre-trial or hearing date. The mandated social study,updates, reports and records and any copiesthereof made available in the discretion of thejudicial authority, together with any notes, copiesor abstractions thereof, shall be returned to theclerk immediately following the disposition unlessthey may be required for subsequent proceed-ings. All persons who have access to such materi-als shall be responsible for preserving theconfidentiality thereof.


Sec. 35a-11. Dispositional Plan Offered byRespondentsThe respondents shall have the right to produce

witnesses on behalf of any dispositional plan theymay wish to offer.



Sec. 35a-12. Protective Supervision—Con-ditions and Modification(a) When protective supervision is ordered, the

judicial authority will set forth any conditions ofsaid supervision including duration, specific stepsand review dates.

(b) A protective supervision order shall bescheduled for an in court review and reviewed bythe judicial authority at least thirty days prior toits expiration. At said review, an updated socialstudy shall be provided to the judicial authority.

(c) If an extension of protective supervision isbeing sought by the commissioner of the depart-ment of children and families or any other partyin interest, including counsel for the minor childor youth, then a written motion for the same shallbe filed not less than thirty days prior to suchexpiration. Such motion shall be heard either atthe in court review of protective supervision if itis held within thirty days of such expiration or ata hearing to be held within ten days after the filingof such motion. For good cause shown and underextenuating circumstances, such written motionmay be filed in a period of less than thirty daysprior to the expiration of the protective supervisionand the same shall be docketed accordingly. Themotion shall set forth the reason(s) for the exten-sion of the protective supervision and the period ofthe extension being sought. If the judicial authorityorders such extension of protective supervision,the extension order shall be reviewed by the judi-cial authority at least thirty days prior to its expi-ration.

(d) Parental or guardian noncompliance withthe order of protective supervision shall be aground for a motion to modify the disposition.Upon finding that the best interests of the childso warrant, the judicial authority, on its own motionor acting on a motion of any party and after noticeis given and hearing has been held, may modifya previously entered disposition of protectivesupervision in accordance with the applicableGeneral Statutes.


HISTORY—2009: Prior to 2009, this section read: ‘‘Whenprotective supervision is ordered, the judicial authority will setforth any conditions of said supervision including duration,specific steps and review dates. Parental noncompliance withthe order of protective supervision shall be a ground for amotion to modify the disposition. Upon finding that the circum-stances so warrant, the judicial authority on its own motion oracting on a motion of any party and after notice is given andhearing has been held, may modify a previously entered dispo-sition of protective supervision in accordance with the applica-ble General Statutes. A protective supervision order shall bereviewed by the judicial authority at least thirty days prior toits expiration. At said review, an updated social study shall beprovided to the judicial authority. If an extension of protective

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supervision is being sought by the commissioner of the depart-ment of children and families or any other party in interest,including counsel for the minor child, then a written motion forthe same shall be filed not less than thirty days prior to suchexpiration. Such motion shall be heard either at the in courtreview of protective supervision if within thirty days of suchexpiration or at a hearing to be held within ten days afterthe filing of such motion. For good cause shown and underextenuating circumstances, such written motion may be filedin a period of less than thirty days prior to the expiration ofthe protective supervision and the same shall be docketedaccordingly. The motion shall set forth the reason(s) for theextension of the protective supervision and the period of theextension being sought.’’

COMMENTARY—2009: This section has been reformattedinto several subsections for clarification. The text deleted insubsection (a) has been relocated, with amendments, to newsubsection (d). The last line in subsection (c) is added forclarification. In new subsection (d), the reference to the guard-ian is intended to adopt provisions of General Statutes § 46b-129 (j). Other revisions in subsections (a) and (b) are madeto standardize terms and for clarification.

Sec. 35a-13. Findings as to Continuation inthe Home, Efforts to Prevent RemovalWhenever the judicial authority orders a child

or youth to be removed from the home, the judicialauthority shall make written findings: (1) at thetime of the order that continuation in the home iscontrary to the welfare of the child or youth; and(2) at the time of the order or within sixty daysafter the child or youth has been removed fromthe home, whether the commissioner of thedepartment of children and families has made rea-sonable efforts to prevent removal or whethersuch efforts were not possible.


HISTORY—2009: In 2009, ‘‘or youth’’ was added followingeach instance of ‘‘child.’’ In item (2), ‘‘thereafter’’ was replacedwith ‘‘after the child or youth has been removed from thehome.’’

COMMENTARY—2009: The revisions to this section aremade to standardize terms and for clarification. Federal regula-tion 45 C.F.R. § 1356.21 (b) (1), adopted to implement theAdoption and Safe Families Act, requires that the ‘‘preventremoval’’ finding be made within sixty days after the removalof the child or youth from the home.

Sec. 35a-14. Motions for Review of Perma-nency Plan(Amended June 30, 2008, to take effect Jan. 1, 2009.)(a) Motions for review of the permanency plan

shall be filed nine months after the placement ofthe child or youth in the custody of the commis-sioner of the department of children and familiespursuant to a voluntary placement agreement, orremoval of a child or youth pursuant to GeneralStatutes § 17a-101g or an order of a court of com-petent jurisdiction, whichever is earlier. At the datecustody is vested by order of a court of competentjurisdiction, or if no order of temporary custody is


issued, at the date when commitment is ordered,the judicial authority shall set a date by which thesubsequent motion for review of the permanencyplan shall be filed. The commissioner of thedepartment of children and families shall proposea permanency plan that conforms to the statutoryrequirements and shall provide a social study tosupport said plan, including information indicatingwhat steps the commissioner has taken to imple-ment it. Nothing in this section shall preclude anyparty from filing a motion for revocation of commit-ment separate from a motion for review of perma-nency plan pursuant to General Statutes § 46b-129 (m) and subject to Section 35a-14A.

(b) Once a motion for review of the permanencyplan has been filed, the clerk of the court shallset a hearing not later than ninety days thereafter.The court shall provide notice to the child or youth,and the parent or guardian of such child or youthand any other party found entitled to such noticeof the time and place of the court hearing on anysuch motion not less than fourteen days prior tosuch hearing. Any party who is in opposition toany such motion shall file a written objection andstate the reasons therefor within thirty days afterthe filing of the commissioner of the departmentof children and families’ motion for review of per-manency plan and the objection shall be consid-ered at the hearing. The court shall hold anevidentiary hearing in connection with any con-tested motion for review of the permanency plan.If there is no objection or motion for revocationfiled, then the motion may be granted by the judi-cial authority at the date of said hearing.

(c) Whether to approve the permanency planis a dispositional question, based on the prioradjudication, and the judicial authority shall deter-mine whether it is in the best interests of the childor youth to approve the permanency plan upon afair preponderance of the evidence. The commis-sioner of the department of children and familiesshall have the burden of proving that the proposedpermanency plan is in the best interests of thechild or youth.

(d) At each hearing on a motion for review ofpermanency plan, the judicial authority shallreview the status of the child, the progress beingmade to implement the permanency plan, deter-mine a timetable for attaining the permanencyplan, determine the services to be provided to theparent if the court approves a permanency planof reunification and the timetable for such ser-vices, and determine whether the commissionerof the department of children and families hasmade reasonable efforts to achieve the perma-nency plan. The judicial authority shall also deter-mine whether the proposed goal of the

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permanency plan as set forth in General Statutes§ 46b-129 (k) (2) is in the best interests of the childor youth by a fair preponderance of the evidence,taking into consideration the child’s or youth’sneed for permanency. The child’s or youth’shealth and safety shall be of paramount concernin formulating such plan. If a permanency plan isnot approved by the judicial authority, it shall orderthe filing of a revised plan and set a hearing toreview said revised plan within sixty days.

(e) As long as a child or youth remains in thecustody of the commissioner of the departmentof children and families, the commissioner shallfile a motion for review of permanency plan ninemonths after the prior permanency plan hearing.No later than twelve months after the prior perma-nency plan hearing, the judicial authority shall holda subsequent permanency review hearing inaccordance with subsection (d).

(f) Whenever an approved permanency planneeds revision, the commissioner of the depart-ment of children and families shall file a motionfor review of the revised permanency plan. Thecommissioner shall not be precluded from initiat-ing a proceeding in the best interests of the childor youth considering the needs for safety and per-manency.

(g) Where a petition for termination of parentalrights is granted, the guardian or statutory parentof the child or youth shall report to the judicialauthority not later than thirty days after the datethe judgment is entered on a permanency planand on the status of the child or youth. At leastevery three months thereafter, such guardian orstatutory parent shall make a report to the judicialauthority on the implementation of the plan, orearlier if the plan changes before the elapse ofthree months. The judicial authority may convenea hearing upon the filing of a report and shallconvene and conduct a permanency hearing forthe purpose of reviewing the permanency plan forthe child no more than twelve months from thedate judgment is entered or from the date of thelast permanency hearing held in accordance withGeneral Statutes § 46b-129 (k), whichever is ear-lier, and at least once a year thereafter while thechild or youth remains in the custody of the com-missioner of the department of children and fami-lies. At each court hearing, the judicial authorityshall make factual findings whether or not reason-able efforts to achieve the permanency plan orpromote adoption have been made.


HISTORY—2009: Prior to 2009, this section was entitled,‘‘Motions for Review of Permanency Plan and to Maintain orRevoke Commitment.’’ Prior to 2009, this section read: ‘‘(a)Motions for review of the permanency plan and to maintain


or revoke the commitment shall be filed nine months after theplacement of the child or youth in the custody of the commis-sioner of the department of children and families pursuant toa voluntary placement agreement, or removal of a child pursu-ant to General Statutes § 17a-101g or an order of a court ofcompetent jurisdiction whichever is earlier. At the date custodyis vested by order of a court of competent jurisdiction, or ifno order of temporary custody is issued, at the date whencommitment is ordered, the judicial authority shall set a dateby which the subsequent motion for review of plan and tomaintain or revoke the commitment shall be filed. Nothing inthis section shall preclude any party from filing a motion forrevocation of commitment separate from a motion for reviewof permanency plan and to maintain or revoke the commitmentsubject to subsection (c) of this rule.

‘‘(b) Once a motion for review of the permanency plan andto maintain or revoke the commitment has been filed, the clerkof the court shall set a hearing within ninety days thereafter.Any party who is in opposition to a motion shall file a writtenobjection and state the reasons therefor within thirty daysafter the filing of the commissioner’s motion or a motion forrevocation of commitment which shall be considered at thehearing. If there is no objection or motion for revocation filed,then the motion or motions shall be granted by the judicialauthority at the date of said hearing.

‘‘(c) Whether to maintain or revoke the commitment is adispositional question, based on the prior adjudication, andthe judicial authority shall determine whether it is in the bestinterest of the child to maintain or revoke upon a fair preponder-ance of the evidence. The party seeking to maintain the com-mitment has the burden of proof that it is in the best interestof the child to maintain the commitment. The party seekingrevocation of commitment has the burden of proof that nocause for commitment exists. If the burden is met, the partyopposing the revocation has the burden of proof that revoca-tion would not be in the best interest of the child. If a motionfor revocation is denied, a new motion shall not be filed bythe movant until at least six months has elapsed from thedate of the filing of the prior motion unless waived by thejudicial authority.

‘‘(d) The commissioner of the department of children andfamilies shall propose a permanency plan that conforms tothe statutory requirements and shall provide a social study tosupport said plan, including information indicating what stepsthe commissioner has taken to implement it. At the hearingon the motion for review of permanency plan, the judicialauthority shall determine whether efforts to reunify the childwith the parent have been made, whether such efforts arestill appropriate, and whether the commissioner has madereasonable efforts to achieve the permanency plan for thechild. The judicial authority shall also determine whether theproposed goal of the permanency plan is in the best interestof the child by a fair preponderance of the evidence, takinginto consideration the child’s need for permanency. The child’shealth and safety shall be of paramount concern in formulatingsuch plan. If a permanency plan is not approved by the judicialauthority, it shall order the filing of a revised plan and set ahearing to review said revised plan within sixty days.

‘‘(e) If the judicial authority determines at the hearing onthe motion for review of permanency plan and to maintain orrevoke the commitment that further efforts to reunify the childwith the parent are appropriate, the judicial authority shallprovide the parent with specific steps the parent shall take toaddress problems preventing reunification. Six months aftersuch hearing, the judicial authority shall hold another hearingto assess the parent’s progress. If the judicial authority findsthat the parent has failed to make sustained and significant

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progress, the judicial authority shall redetermine whether fur-ther reunification efforts are appropriate. If the judicial authoritydetermines efforts are not appropriate, it shall order the filingof a revised permanency plan and set a hearing to review saidrevised plan.

‘‘(f) As long as a child remains in the custody of the commis-sioner of the department of children and families, the commis-sioner shall file a motion for review of permanency plan andto maintain or revoke commitment nine months after the priorpermanency plan hearing. No later than twelve months afterthe approval of a permanency plan, the judicial authority shallhold a subsequent permanency review hearing in accordancewith subsection (d), unless such child has been adopted,returned home or guardianship of the child has been trans-ferred pursuant to an order of the judicial authority.

‘‘(g) A determination that further efforts to reunify the childwith the parent are not appropriate need not be made at subse-quent permanency review hearings if the judicial authority haspreviously determined that such efforts are not appropriate.A determination as to whether the commissioner of the depart-ment of children and families has made reasonable efforts toachieve the permanency plan must be made at each hearingon the motion for review of permanency plan.

‘‘(h) Whenever an approved permanency plan needs revi-sion, the commissioner of the department of children and fami-lies shall file a motion for review of the revised permanencyplan. The commissioner is not precluded from initiating a pro-ceeding in the best interest of the child considering the needsfor safety and permanency.’’

COMMENTARY—2009: The changes to subsections (a)and (b) are intended to adopt provisions of General Statutes§ 46b-129 (k) (1), as amended by Public Act 06-102.

The changes in subsections (c) and (d) are intended toadopt provisions of General Statutes § 46b-129 (k) (3), asamended by Public Act 06-102. For clarification, the provisionsthat address the revocation of a commitment have been trans-ferred to new Section 35a-14A.

The changes in new subsection (e) are intended to adoptprovisions of General Statutes § 46b-129, as amended byPublic Act 06-102. Additional revisions in this subsection havebeen made to standardize terms.

Previous subsection (g) has been deleted in its entirety; itssubstance is in subsection (d).

The substance of new subsection (g) has been transferredfrom Section 35a-17 with revisions adopted from Public Act06-102, § 8, that amended General Statutes § 17a-112 (o).

Sec. 35a-14A. RevocationA party may file a motion seeking revocation of

commitment. The judicial authority may revokecommitment if a cause for commitment no longerexists and it is in the best interests of the child oryouth. Whether to revoke the commitment is adispositional question, based on the prior adjudi-cation, and the judicial authority shall determinewhether to revoke the commitment upon a fairpreponderance of the evidence. The party seek-ing revocation of commitment has the burden ofproof that no cause for commitment exists. If theburden is met, the party opposing the revocationhas the burden of proof that revocation would notbe in the best interests of the child. If a motionfor revocation is denied, a new motion shall notbe filed by the movant until at least six months


have elapsed from the date of the filing of the priormotion unless waived by the judicial authority.

(Adopted June 30, 2008, to take effect Jan. 1, 2009.)COMMENTARY—2009: To clarify the revocation process,

various provisions of section 35a-14 have been transferred,with revisions, to this new section.

Sec. 35a-15. Reunification Efforts—Aggra-vating FactorsWhenever any party seeks a finding of the exis-

tence of an aggravating factor negating therequirement that reasonable efforts be made toreunify a child or youth with a parent, the movantshall, file a motion requesting such finding andthe judicial authority shall proceed in accordancewith General Statutes § 17a-111b (b).


HISTORY—2009: Prior to 2009, this section read: ‘‘When-ever the commissioner seeks a finding of the existence of anaggravating factor negating the requirement that reasonableefforts be made to reunify a child with a parent, the commis-sioner shall file a petition, or motion if a case is already pending,requesting such finding and the judicial authority shall proceedin accordance with General Statutes § 17a-111b.’’

COMMENTARY—2009: The revisions to this section aremade to standardize terms. These changes are also intendedto adopt provisions of Public Act 06-102, § 6 (b).

Sec. 35a-16. ModificationsMotions to modify dispositions are dispositional

in nature based on the prior adjudication, andthe judicial authority shall determine whether amodification is in the best interests of the child oryouth upon a fair preponderance of the evidence.Unless filed by the commissioner of the depart-ment of children and families, any modificationmotion to return a child or youth to the custodyof the parent without protective supervision shallbe treated as a motion for revocation of com-mitment.


HISTORY—2009: In 2009, ‘‘interest’’ was made plural, ‘‘oryouth’’ was added following each instance of ‘‘child,’’ ‘‘thedepartment of’’ was added before ‘‘children and families,’’ and‘‘a’’ was substituted for ‘‘the’’ before ‘‘child or youth to thecustody of the parent.’’


Sec. 35a-17. Motions to Review Plan forChild Whose Parents’ Rights Have Been Ter-minated[Repealed as of Jan. 1, 2009.]HISTORY—2009: At the time of its repeal, this section

read: ‘‘Sec. 35a-17. Motions to Review Plan for Child WhoseParents’ Rights Have Been Terminated.

‘‘Where a petition for termination of parental rights isgranted, the guardian of the child or statutory parent shallreport to the judicial authority within thirty days of the datejudgment is entered on a permanency plan and on the status

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of the child. At least every three months thereafter, such guard-ian or statutory parent shall make a report to the judicial author-ity on the implementation of the plan, or earlier if the planchanges before the elapse of three months. A hearing shallbe held before the judicial authority for the purpose of reviewingthe plan for the child no more than twelve months from the datejudgment is entered or from the date of the last permanencyhearing held in accordance with General Statutes § 46b-129(k), whichever is earlier, and at least once a year thereafter untilsuch time as a proposed adoption or transfer of guardianship isfinalized. At each court hearing, the judicial authority will makefactual findings whether or not reasonable efforts to achievepermanency or promote adoption have been made.’’

COMMENTARY—2009: The substance of this section hasbeen transferred to subsection 35a-14 (g).

Sec. 35a-18. Opening DefaultAny order or decree entered through a default

may be set aside within four months succeedingthe date of such entry of the order or decree uponthe written motion of any party or person preju-diced thereby, showing reasonable cause, or thata defense in whole or in part existed at the timeof the rendition of such order or of such decree,and that the party so defaulted was prevented bymistake, accident or other reasonable cause fromprosecuting or appearing to make the same. Suchwritten motion shall be verified by the oath of thecomplainant, and shall state in general terms thenature of the claim or defense and shall particu-larly set forth the reason why the party failed toappear. The judicial authority shall order reason-able notice of the pendency of such motion to begiven to all parties to the action, and may enjoinenforcement of such order or decree until the deci-sion upon such written motion, unless said actionshall prejudice or place the child’s or youth’shealth, safety or welfare in jeopardy. A hearingon said motion shall be held as a priority matterbut no later than fifteen days after the same hasbeen filed with the clerk, unless otherwise agreedto by the parties and sanctioned by the judicialauthority. In the event that said motion is grantedthe matter shall be scheduled for an immediatepretrial or case status conference within fourteendays thereof, and failing a resolution at that time,then the matter shall be scheduled for a trial asexpeditiously as possible.


HISTORY—2009: In 2009, ‘‘or youth’s’’ was added to thethird sentence, following ‘‘or place the child’s.’’ In the fourthsentence, ‘‘of the juvenile court’’ was deleted after ‘‘with theclerk.’’

COMMENTARY—2009: The revisions to this section aremade to be consistent with the use of the term ‘‘clerk’’ inSections 35a-8, 35a-10 and 35a-14 and for clarification. InSection 35a-19, a distinction must be made between superiorcourt for juvenile matters clerk and probate court clerk, sothose references in that section are more specific.


Sec. 35a-19. Transfer from Probate Court ofPetitions for Removal of Parent as Guardianor Termination of Parental Rights(a) When a contested application for removal

of parent as guardian or petition for terminationof parental rights or application to commit a childor youth to a hospital for the mentally ill has beentransferred from the court of probate to the supe-rior court, the superior court clerk shall transmitto the probate court from which the transfer wasmade a copy of any orders or decrees thereafterrendered, including orders regarding reinstate-ment pursuant to General Statutes § 45a-611 andvisitation pursuant to General Statutes § 45a-612,and a copy of any appeal of a superior court deci-sion in the matter.

(b) The date of receipt by the superior court ofa transferred petition shall be the filing date fordetermining initial hearing dates in the superiorcourt. The date of receipt by the superior courtof any court of probate issued ex parte order oftemporary custody not heard by that court shallbe the issuance date in the superior court.

(c) Any appearance filed for any party in thecourt of probate shall continue in the superiorcourt until withdrawn or replaced.

(d) (1) The superior court clerk shall notifyappearing parties in applications for removal ofguardian by mail of the date of the initial hearingwhich shall be held not more than thirty days fromthe date of receipt of the transferred application.Not less than ten days before the initial hearing,the superior court clerk shall cause a copy of thetransfer order and probate petition for removal ofguardian, and an advisement of rights notice tobe served on any nonappearing party or any partynot served within the last twelve months with anaccompanying order of notice and summons toappear at an initial hearing.

(2) Not less than ten days before the date ofthe initial hearing, the superior court clerk shallcause a copy of the transfer order and probatepetition for termination of parental rights and anadvisement of rights notice to be served on allparties, regardless of prior service, with an accom-panying order of notice and summons to appearat an initial hearing which shall be held not morethan thirty days from the date of receipt petitionexcept in the case of a petition for termination ofparental rights based on consent which shall beheld not more than twenty days after the filing ofthe petition.

(3) The superior court clerk shall mail notice ofthe initial hearing date for all transferred petitionsto all counsel of record and to the commissionerof the department of children and families or toany other agency which has been ordered by the

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probate court to conduct an investigation pursuantto General Statutes § 45a-619. The commissionerof the department of children and families or anyother investigating agency will be notified of theneed to have a representative present at the ini-tial hearing.

(Adopted June 24, 2002, to take effect Jan. 1, 2003;amended June 30, 2008, to take effect, Jan. 1, 2009.)

HISTORY—2009: In 2009, ‘‘or youth’’ was added to subsec-tion (a), following ‘‘child,’’ and ‘‘superior court’’ was addedbefore ‘‘clerk.’’

Prior to 2009, subsection (c) read: ‘‘(1) Any appearancefiled for any party in the court of probate shall continue in thesuperior court until withdrawn or replaced. The superior courtclerk shall notify appearing parties in applications for removalof guardian by mail of the date of the initial hearing. Not lessthan ten days before the initial hearing, the superior court clerkshall cause a copy of the transfer order and probate petitionfor removal of guardian, and an advisement of rights noticeto be served on any non-appearing party or any party notserved within the last twelve months with an accompanyingorder of notice and summons to appear at an initial hearing.

‘‘(2) Not less than ten days before the initial hearing, thesuperior court clerk shall cause a copy of the transfer orderand probate petition for termination of parental rights, andan advisement of rights notice to be served on all parties,regardless of prior service, with an accompanying order ofnotice and summons to appear at an initial hearing not lessthan ten days before the date of the hearing.

‘‘(3) The superior court clerk shall mail notice of the initialhearing date for all transferred petitions to all counsel of recordand to the commissioner of the department of children andfamilies or to any other agency which has been ordered by theprobate court to conduct an investigation pursuant to GeneralStatutes § 45a-619. The commissioner or any other investigat-ing agency will be notified of the need to have a representativepresent at the initial hearing.’’

In 2009, subsection (d) was added.COMMENTARY—2009: The revisions to this section are

made to standardize terms and for clarification.The deleted language in subsection (c) (1) has been relo-

cated to new subsection (d) (1) with revisions that adopt provi-sions of General Statutes § 45a-609 (a).

The deleted language in subsection (c) (2) has been relo-cated to new subsection (d) (2) with revisions that adopt provi-sions of Public Act 04-128 that amended General Statutes§ 45a-716 (a).

The deleted language in subsection (c) (3) has been relo-cated to new subsection (d) (3) with a revision made to stan-dardize terms.

Sec. 35a-20. Motions for Reinstatement ofParent as Guardian or Modification ofGuardianship Post-Disposition(Amended June 30, 2008, to take effect Jan. 1, 2009.)(a) Whenever a parent or legal guardian whose

guardianship rights to a child or youth wereremoved and transferred to another person by thesuperior court for juvenile matters seeks reinstate-ment as that child’s or youth’s guardian, or modifi-cation of guardianship post-disposition, the parentor legal guardian may file a motion with the courtthat ordered the transfer of guardianship.


(b) A parent, legal guardian or other interestedparty seeking guardianship of the child or youthafter guardianship rights to that child or youth weretransferred to another person by the superior courtfor juvenile matters may file a motion with thecourt that ordered the transfer of guardianship.

(c) The clerk shall assign such motion a hearingdate and issue a summons to the current guardianand the nonmoving parent or parents. The movingparty shall cause a copy of such motion and sum-mons to be served on the child’s or youth’s currentlegal guardian(s) and the nonmoving parent orparents.

(d) Before acting on such motion, the judicialauthority shall determine if the court still has cus-tody jurisdiction and shall request, if necessary,that the commissioner of the department of chil-dren and families conduct an investigation andsubmit written findings and recommendationsbefore rendering a decision.


HISTORY—2009: Prior to 2009, this section was entitled,‘‘Petitions for Reinstatement of Parent as Guardian.’’

Prior to 2009, this section read: ‘‘Whenever a parent orlegal guardian whose guardianship rights to a child wereremoved and transferred to another person by the superiorcourt for juvenile matters seeks reinstatement as that child’sguardian, the parent or legal guardian may file a petition withthe court that ordered the transfer of guardianship. The clerkof the court shall assign such petition a hearing date and issuea summons. The petitioner shall cause a copy of such petitionand summons to be served on the child’s current legal guard-ian(s). Before acting on such petition, the judicial authorityshall determine if the court still has custody jurisdiction andshall request, if necessary, that the commissioner of thedepartment of children and families conduct an investigationand submit written findings and recommendations before ren-dering a decision.’’

COMMENTARY—2009: This section has been expandedto address situations where parties ask the judicial authorityto address guardianship post-disposition. An example is asfollows: a mother initially has guardianship of the child; thedepartment of children and families then files a neglect petitionlisting the mother and father as respondents; and, finally, thejudicial authority transfers guardianship to the grandmother atthe disposition. Then, post-disposition, the father wants to filea petition for guardianship. This would not be considered areinstatement but a modification of guardianship. Additionally,revisions to this section have been made to reflect a gradual

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shift from petitions to motions in addressing post-dispositionmatters.

Sec. 35a-21. Appeals(a) Appeals from final judgments or decisions

of the superior court in juvenile matters shall betaken within twenty days from the issuance ofnotice of the rendition of the judgment or decisionfrom which the appeal is taken in the mannerprovided by the rules of appellate procedure.

(b) If an indigent party wishes to appeal a finaldecision and if the trial counsel declines to repre-sent the party because in counsel’s professionalopinion the appeal lacks merit, counsel shall filea timely motion to withdraw and to extend time inwhich to take an appeal. The judicial authorityshall then forthwith notify the chief child protectionattorney to assign another attorney to review thisrecord who, if willing to represent the party onappeal, will be assigned by the chief child protec-tion attorney for this purpose. If the second attor-ney determines that there is no merit to an appeal,that attorney shall make this known to the judicialauthority and the chief child protection attorneyat the earliest possible moment, and the party willbe informed by the clerk forthwith that the partyhas the balance of the extended time to appealin which to secure counsel who, if qualified, mayfile an appearance to represent the party on theappeal.

(c) The time to take an appeal shall not beextended past forty days from the date of theissuance of notice of the rendition of the judgmentor decision.


HISTORY—2009: In 2009, ‘‘notify the chief child protectionattorney to’’ was added to the second sentence of subsection(b), following ‘‘forthwith.’’ In that same sentence, ‘‘assign’’ wassubstituted for ‘‘appoint,’’ and ‘‘assigned by the chief childprotection attorney’’ was substituted for ‘‘appointed’’ before‘‘for this purpose.’’ In the third sentence of subsection (b),‘‘determined’’ was changed to the present tense, ‘‘and thechief child protection attorney’’ was added after ‘‘known to thejudicial authority,’’ and ‘‘file an appearance’’ was substitutedfor ‘‘be appointed.’’

COMMENTARY—2009: The revisions to this section aremade for clarification and are intended to adopt provisions ofPublic Act 07-159.

SUPERIOR COURT—PROCEDURE IN CRIMINAL MATTERS Sec. 36-3

SUPERIOR COURT—PROCEDURE IN CRIMINAL MATTERS

CHAPTER 36

PROCEDURE PRIOR TO APPEARANCE

Sec. Sec.36-1. Arrest by Warrant; Issuance36-2. —Affidavit in Support of Application, Filing, Dis-

closure36-3. —Contents of Warrant36-4. —Direction by Judicial Authority for Use of

Summons36-5. —Execution and Return of Warrant36-6. —Cancellation of Warrant36-7. Summons; Form of Summons and Complaint36-8. —Issuance of Summons by Prosecuting Authority

in Lieu of Arrest Warrant36-9. —Service of Summons36-10. —Failure to Respond to Summons


Sec. 36-1. Arrest by Warrant; IssuanceUpon the submission of an application for an

arrest warrant by a prosecuting authority, a judicialauthority may issue a warrant for the arrest of anaccused person if the judicial authority determinesthat the affidavit accompanying the applicationshows that there is probable cause to believe thatan offense has been committed and that theaccused committed it.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 593.)

Sec. 36-2. —Affidavit in Support of Applica-tion, Filing, Disclosure(a) All affidavits submitted to the judicial author-

ity in support of the application for an arrest war-rant and from which a determination of probablecause for the issuance of an arrest warrant hasbeen made shall be filed with the clerk of thecourt together with the return of the arrest warrantpursuant to Section 44-11 and thereafter remaina part of the court file.

(b) At the time the arrest warrant is issued, uponwritten request of the prosecuting authority andfor good cause shown, the judicial authority mayorder that the supporting affidavits be sealed frompublic inspection or that disclosure be limitedunder such terms and conditions as it finds rea-sonable, subject to the further order of any judicialauthority thereafter having jurisdiction of the mat-ter. No such order shall limit their disclosure to theattorney for the accused, but the judicial authoritymay place reasonable restrictions on the attor-ney’s further disclosure of the contents of the affi-davits.

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36-11. Information and Complaint; Use36-12. —Issuance of Information36-13. —Form of Information36-14. —Former Conviction in Information36-15. —Filing and Availability of Information36-16. Amendments; Minor Defects36-17. —Substantive Amendment before Trial36-18. —Substantive Amendment after Commencement

of Trial36-19. —Request by Defendant for Essential Facts36-20. —Continuance Necessitated by Amendment36-21. Joinder of Offenses in Information36-22. Joinder of Defendants

(c) Any order sealing such affidavits from publicinspection or limiting their disclosure shall be fora specific period of time, not to exceed two weeksfrom the date of arrest, and within that time periodthe prosecuting authority may by written motionseek an extension of the period. The original orderof the court sealing the affidavit or limiting its dis-closure shall remain in effect until the court issuesan order on the motion. The motion to extend theperiod and the court’s order thereon shall be madein accordance with the provisions of Section 42-49A. Affidavits which have been the subject ofsuch an order shall remain in the custody of theclerk’s office but shall be kept in a secure locationapart from the remainder of the court file.

(d) Unless the judicial authority issuing an arrestwarrant has, upon written request of the prosecut-ing authority, entered an order limiting disclosureof the supporting affidavits, all affidavits filed pur-suant to this section shall be open to publicinspection and copy and the clerk shall providecopies to any person upon receipt of any applica-ble fee.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 593A.) (Amended May 14, 2003, totake effect July 1, 2003; amended June 21, 2004, to takeeffect Jan. 1, 2005.)

Sec. 36-3. —Contents of WarrantThe warrant shall be signed by the judicial

authority and shall contain the name of theaccused person, or if such name is unknown, anyname or description by which the accused canbe identified with reasonable certainty, and theconditions of release fixed, if any. It shall state

SUPERIOR COURT—PROCEDURE IN CRIMINAL MATTERSSec. 36-3

the offense charged and direct any officer author-ized to execute it to arrest the accused personand to bring him or her before a judicial authoritywithout undue delay.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 594.)

Sec. 36-4. —Direction by Judicial Authorityfor Use of Summons(a) Instead of issuing an arrest warrant, even

where probable cause has been found, the judicialauthority may direct that a summons and com-plaint be issued to an accused person pursuantto Sections 36-7 through 36-10, unless the judicialauthority determines that it is necessary to takethe accused into custody for any of the follow-ing reasons:

(1) The criminal offense involved is a felony;(2) There are facts indicating a substantial likeli-

hood that such person will not appear in court atthe specified time and place unless taken intocustody;

(3) Such person is likely to cause injury to him-self or herself or to others, or is likely to causeserious damage to property;

(4) The offense is likely to continue if such per-son is not taken into custody;

(5) Custody is necessary for the protection ofsuch person or to provide that person with neededmedical or other aid;

(6) The person fails satisfactorily to identify him-self or herself; or

(7) The person has previously failed to appearin court when required to do so.

(b) The failure to comply with this section shallnot be a ground for dismissal of an information,but shall entitle the accused to be released upona written promise to appear where none of theforegoing reasons shall be found to exist.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 595.)

Sec. 36-5. —Execution and Return ofWarrantThe officer executing an arrest warrant may do

so anywhere within the state upon apprehensionof the accused. The officer shall take the accusedinto custody, serve a copy of the warrant uponhim or her and follow the procedure specified inSections 38-1 or 38-2, whichever is applicable.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 596.)

Sec. 36-6. —Cancellation of WarrantAt the request of the prosecuting authority, any

unserved arrest warrant shall be returned to ajudicial authority for cancellation. A judicial author-ity also may direct that any unserved arrest war-rant be returned for cancellation.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 597.)

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Sec. 36-7. Summons; Form of Summonsand ComplaintA summons and complaint issued by a prose-

cuting authority or law enforcement officer shall:(1) Be in writing;(2) Be signed by the person issuing it with the

title of such person’s office;(3) State the date of issuance and the munici-

pality where issued;(4) Specify the name of the accused person;(5) Designate a time for appearance not more

than fourteen days after issuance;(6) State the offense charged against the

accused person;(7) State that if the accused does not appear

at a specified time and place, an application maybe made for the issuance of a warrant for arrest;

(8) Inform the accused that he or she is entitledto be represented by an attorney;

(9) Inform any accused charged with an offensepunishable by incarceration who is unable toafford an attorney that he or she may be entitledto the services of a public defender.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 599.)

Sec. 36-8. —Issuance of Summons by Pros-ecuting Authority in Lieu of Arrest WarrantWhen a prosecuting authority receives a com-

plaint that a misdemeanor has been committed,in lieu of applying for an arrest warrant, the prose-cuting authority may summon the person or per-sons against whom the complaint is made toappear before the court at the date and time speci-fied in the summons. The prosecuting authorityalso may issue a summons when directed to doso by the judicial authority pursuant to Section36-4.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 601.)

Sec. 36-9. —Service of SummonsThe summons and complaint shall be served

upon the accused by any law enforcement officerby delivering a copy to the accused personally,or by leaving it at the accused’s usual place ofabode with a person of suitable age and discretionthen residing therein, or by mailing it by registeredor certified mail to the last known address ofthe accused.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 602.)

Sec. 36-10. —Failure to Respond to Sum-monsUpon the failure of the officer to make due return

of a summons within two weeks of its issuance,or upon the failure of the accused to respond to thesummons, the prosecuting authority may apply forthe arrest of the accused.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 603.)


Sec. 36-11. Information and Complaint; UseAll felonies shall be prosecuted by information.

All misdemeanors, violations, and infractions shallbe prosecuted by information or complaint. In alljury cases, and in all other cases on writtenrequest of the defendant, the prosecuting author-ity as of course shall issue an information in placeof the uniform summons and complaint.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 616.)

Sec. 36-12. —Issuance of InformationAn information shall be signed by the prosecut-

ing authority. When any person is arrested withouta warrant or is issued a summons, the prosecutingauthority shall, without unnecessary delay, reviewthe acts complained of and determine whether itappears that there is reasonable cause to believethat an offense has been committed within thejurisdiction of the court and that the personarrested or the person to whom the summons wasissued committed the offense. If the prosecutingauthority determines that reasonable causeexists, it shall, in cases where an information isrequired, present an information to the court, pur-suant to Section 36-11. If the prosecuting authoritydetermines that reasonable cause does not exist,it shall not present the matter to the court, but anentry shall be made on the case papers indicatingthat prosecution was declined upon authority ofthis section, and a brief statement shall be madein open court. For purposes of erasure pursuantto the General Statutes, that action shall bedeemed a dismissal.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 617.)

Sec. 36-13. —Form of InformationThe information shall be a plain, concise and

definite written statement of the offense charged.The information need not contain a formal com-mencement, a formal conclusion or any other mat-ter not necessary to such statement. Allegationsmade in one count may be incorporated by refer-ence in another count. It may be alleged in a singlecount that the means by which the defendant com-mitted the offense are unknown or that the defend-ant committed the offense by one or morespecified means. The information shall state foreach count the official or customary citation of thestatute, rule, regulation, or other provision of lawwhich the defendant is alleged to have violated.The information shall also contain:

(1) The name of the court in which it is filed;(2) The title of the action;(3) The name of the defendant;(4) A statement that such crime was committed

in a particular judicial district or geographical area,or at a particular place within such judicial districtor geographical area; and

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(5) A statement that such crime was committedon, or on or about, a particular date or periodof time.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 618.)

Sec. 36-14. —Former Conviction in Infor-mationWhere the information alleges, in addition to

the principal offense charged, a former convictionor convictions, such information shall be in twoseparate parts, each signed by the prosecutingauthority. In the first part, the particular offensewith which the accused is charged shall be setout, and in the other part the former conviction orconvictions shall be alleged. In alleging the formerconviction, it is sufficient that the informationallege the date when, the town or city where, andthe court wherein such conviction was obtainedand the crime of which the defendant was con-victed, all of which may be stated in accordancewith the provisions of Section 36-13.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 619.)

Sec. 36-15. —Filing and Availability of Infor-mationThe information or complaint shall be filed with

the clerk and be available for inspection by thedefendant or counsel for the defendant. Upon writ-ten request, a copy thereof shall be furnished with-out charge to the defendant or counsel for thedefendant.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 620.)

Sec. 36-16. Amendments; Minor DefectsThe judicial authority may order at any time

such relief as is required to remedy any defect,imperfection or omission in the information orcomplaint, including the following:

(1) Any matter of form;(2) Any miswriting, misspelling, or improper

English;(3) Any misuse of a sign, symbol, figure, or

abbreviation; or(4) Any omission of the true name or any mis-

spelling of the name of the defendant.(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 622.)

Sec. 36-17. —Substantive Amendment beforeTrialIf the trial has not commenced, the prosecuting

authority may amend the information, or add addi-tional counts, or file a substitute information. Uponmotion of the defendant, the judicial authority, inits discretion, may strike the amendment or addedcounts or substitute information, if the trial or thecause would be unduly delayed or the substantiverights of the defendant would be prejudiced.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 623.)


Sec. 36-18. —Substantive Amendment afterCommencement of TrialAfter commencement of the trial for good cause

shown, the judicial authority may permit the prose-cuting authority to amend the information at anytime before a verdict or finding if no additional ordifferent offense is charged and no substantiverights of the defendant would be prejudiced. Anamendment may charge an additional or differentoffense with the express consent of the defendant.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 624.)

Sec. 36-19. —Request by Defendant forEssential FactsWhenever the information charges the offense

only by referring to the statute which is allegedto have been violated, the prosecuting authority,upon written request of the defendant, shall asof course amend the information by adding orannexing thereto a statement of the essential factsclaimed to constitute the offense charged. Suchrequest shall be made not later than ten days

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after the first pretrial conference unless otherwisedirected by the judicial authority for good causeshown.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 625.)

Sec. 36-20. —Continuance Necessitated byAmendmentWithin the judicial authority’s discretion, an

extension of time, an adjournment, or a continu-ance reasonably necessitated by an amendmentmay be granted.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 626.)

Sec. 36-21. Joinder of Offenses in Infor-mationTwo or more offenses may be charged in the

same information in a separate count for eachoffense for any defendant.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 627.)

Sec. 36-22. Joinder of DefendantsEach defendant shall be charged in a sepa-

rate information.(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 628.)


CHAPTER 37

ARRAIGNMENT

Sec. Sec.37-1. Arraignment; Timing37-2. —Information and Materials to Be Provided to the

Defendant Prior to Arraignment37-3. —Advisement of Constitutional Rights37-4. —Collective Statement Advising of Constitutional

Rights37-5. —Reference to Public Defender; Investigation of

Indigency


Sec. 37-1. Arraignment; TimingA defendant who is not released from custody

sooner shall be brought before a judicial authorityno later than the first court day following arrest.Any defendant who is hospitalized, has escaped,or is otherwise incapacitated shall be presentedno later than the next court day following suchdefendant’s medical discharge or return to policecustody. A defendant not in custody shall appearfor arraignment in person at the time and placespecified in the summons or the terms of release,or at such other date or place fixed by the judi-cial authority.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 635.)

Sec. 37-2. —Information and Materials to BeProvided to the Defendant Prior to Ar-raignmentPrior to the arraignment of the defendant before

the judicial authority to determine the existence ofprobable cause to believe such person committedthe offense charged or to determine the conditionsof such person’s release pursuant to Section 38-4, the prosecuting authority shall provide thedefendant or counsel with a copy of any affidavitor report submitted to the court for the purposeof making such determination; except that the judi-cial authority may, upon motion of the prosecutingauthority and for good cause shown, limit the dis-closure of any such affidavit or report, or por-tion thereof.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 635A.)

Sec. 37-3. —Advisement of ConstitutionalRightsThe judicial authority shall personally, at the

opening of the court session, in open court, advisethe defendant, or the defendants, unless pre-viously so advised by a clerk pursuant to General

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37-6. —Appointment of Public Defender37-7. Pleas; In General37-8. —Plea of Guilty or Nolo Contendere37-9. —Plea of Not Guilty37-10. —Taking of Plea when Information in Two Parts37-11. —Role of Clerk when Information in Two Parts37-12. Defendant in Custody; Determination of Probable

Cause

Statutes § 54-64b or by a judicial authority pursu-ant to General Statutes § 54-1b, either individuallyor collectively of the following:

(1) That the defendant is not obligated to sayanything and that anything the defendant saysmay be used against him or her;

(2) That the defendant is entitled to the servicesof an attorney;

(3) If the defendant is unable to pay for one,what the procedures are through which the ser-vices of an attorney will be provided for him orher; and

(4) That the defendant will not be questionedunless he or she consents, that the defendantmay consult with an attorney before being ques-tioned and that the defendant may have an attor-ney present during any questioning.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 637.)

Sec. 37-4. —Collective Statement Advisingof Constitutional RightsIf the judicial authority shall have collectively

informed all defendants of their rights at the open-ing of court, it shall preface the individual arraign-ment of each by asking whether he or she heardand understood the collective statement.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 638.)

Sec. 37-5. —Reference to Public Defender;Investigation of IndigencyThe judicial authority shall refer the defendant

to the public defender for an investigation of indi-gency unless the judicial authority:

(1) Accepts the defendant’s waiver of counselin accordance with Section 44-3;

(2) Is informed by the defendant, and con-cludes, that the defendant has retained or willretain private counsel within a reasonable time;

(3) Decides to dispose of the case in accord-ance with Section 44-1 (2); or


(4) Learns that the public defender has alreadyconferred with the defendant at some time follow-ing arrest and that the investigation of indigencyhas been made.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 640.)

Sec. 37-6. —Appointment of Public De-fender(a) If the judicial authority determines after

investigation by the public defender that thedefendant is indigent, the judicial authority maydesignate the public defender or a special publicdefender to represent the defendant unless, in amisdemeanor case, at the time of the applicationfor appointment of counsel, the judicial authoritydecides or believes that disposition of the pendingcase will not result in a sentence involving incar-ceration or a suspended sentence of incarcerationwith a period of probation or conditional discharge,and makes a statement to that effect on therecord. If the public defender or his or her officedetermines that a defendant is not eligible toreceive the services of a public defender, thedefendant may appeal the public defender’s deci-sion to the judicial authority in accordance withGeneral Statutes § 51-297 (g). The judicial author-ity may not appoint the public defender unlessthe judicial authority finds the defendant indigentfollowing such appeal. If a conflict of interest orother circumstance exists which prevents the pub-lic defender from representing the defendant, thejudicial authority, upon recommendation of thepublic defender or upon its own motion, mayappoint a special public defender to representthe defendant.

(b) The fact that the judicial authority, in a mis-demeanor case, decides or believes that disposi-tion of the pending case will not result in asentence involving incarceration or a suspendedsentence of incarceration with a period of proba-tion or conditional discharge, shall not precludethe judicial authority from appointing, in its discre-tion, a public defender or a special public defenderto represent an indigent defendant.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 641.)

Sec. 37-7. Pleas; In GeneralUpon being read the charges against him or

her contained in the information or complaint, thedefendant shall enter a plea of not guilty, guilty,or nolo contendere.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 643.)

Sec. 37-8. —Plea of Guilty or Nolo Con-tendereA plea of guilty or nolo contendere shall be

entered in accordance with Sections 39-1 and 39-18. If the case is to be continued for sentencing,

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the judicial authority shall set a date for the sen-tencing hearing and, if necessary, order a presen-tence investigation.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 644.)

Sec. 37-9. —Plea of Not GuiltyAny defendant who pleads not guilty shall be

asked whether he or she desires a trial either bythe court or by a jury. Pursuant to these rules,including Sections 44-11 through 44-17, the caseshall be placed on the trial list and, where possibleor necessary, assigned dates for a dispositionconference, a probable cause hearing, and/or atrial.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 645.)

Sec. 37-10. —Taking of Plea when Informa-tion in Two PartsWhere the information is in two parts pursuant

to Section 36-14 and alleges, in addition to theprincipal offense charged, a former conviction orconvictions, the plea and the election of a methodof trial shall first be taken only on the first part ofthe information.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 647.)

Sec. 37-11. —Role of Clerk when Informa-tion in Two PartsPrior to the time the defendant enters a guilty

plea or, if the defendant pleads not guilty, prior tothe commencement of trial, the clerk shall notifythe defendant, in the absence of the judicialauthority, of the contents of the second part ofthe information. The clerk shall enter on the docketthe time and place of the giving of such notificationand, where necessary, shall include entry thereofin the judgment file.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 648.)

Sec. 37-12. Defendant in Custody; Determi-nation of Probable Cause(a) If a defendant has been arrested without a

warrant and has not been released from custodyby the time of the arraignment or is not releasedat the arraignment pursuant to Section 38-4, thejudicial authority shall, unless waived by thedefendant, make an independent determinationas to whether there is probable cause for believingthat the offense charged has been committed bythe defendant. Unless such a defendant isreleased sooner, such probable cause determina-tion shall be made no later than forty-eight hoursfollowing the defendant’s arrest. Such determina-tion shall be made in a nonadversary proceeding,which may be ex parte based on affidavits. If nosuch probable cause is found, the judicial author-ity shall release the defendant from custody.


(b) At the time the judicial authority makes itsprobable cause determination pursuant to sub-section (a), the judicial authority may, on its ownmotion or upon written request of any party andfor good cause shown, order that any affidavitssubmitted in support of a finding of probablecause, including any police reports, be sealedfrom public inspection or that disclosure be limitedunder such terms and conditions as it finds rea-sonable, subject to the further order of any judicialauthority thereafter having jurisdiction of the mat-ter. If such a request has been granted, the mov-ing party may have up to seven days to make arecommendation as to the details of the sealingorder. If no such recommendation is made withinthat time period, the supporting affidavits shallbe made public. No such order shall limit theirdisclosure to the attorney for the accused, but thejudicial authority may place reasonable restric-tions on the further disclosure of the contents ofthe affidavits by the attorney for the accused andthe prosecuting authority.

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(c) Any order sealing such affidavits from publicinspection or limiting their disclosure shall be fora specific period of time, not to exceed two weeksfrom the date of the court’s probable cause deter-mination, and within that time period the party whoobtained the order may by written motion seek anextension of the period. The original order of thecourt sealing such affidavits or limiting their disclo-sure shall remain in effect until the court issuesan order on the motion. Affidavits which have beenthe subject of such an order shall remain in thecustody of the clerk’s office but shall be kept in asecure location apart from the remainder of thefile.

(d) Unless the judicial authority entered an orderlimiting disclosure of the affidavits submitted to thejudicial authority in support of a finding of probablecause, whether or not probable cause has beenfound, all such affidavits, including any policereports, shall be made part of the court file andbe open to public inspection and copying, andthe clerk shall provide copies to any person uponreceipt of any applicable fee.



CHAPTER 38

PRETRIAL RELEASE

Sec. Sec.38-1. Release from Custody; Superior Court Arrest War-

rant where Appearance before Clerk Required38-2. Release Following Any Other Arrest; Release by

Law Enforcement Officers38-3. —Release by Bail Commissioner38-4. —Release by Judicial Authority38-5. —Release by Correctional Officials38-6. Appearance after Release38-7. Cash Bail38-8. Ten Percent Cash Bail38-9. Real Estate Bond38-10. Factors to Be Considered by the Judicial Authority

in Release Decision [Repealed]38-11. Request for Judicial Determination of Release


Sec. 38-1. Release from Custody; SuperiorCourt Arrest Warrant where Appearancebefore Clerk RequiredWhen any person is arrested on a warrant pur-

suant to General Statutes § 54-2a in which thejudicial authority issuing such warrant has indi-cated that bail should be denied, or has orderedthat the arrested person be brought before a clerkor assistant clerk of the superior court, thearresting officer shall, without undue delay, bringsuch person before the clerk or assistant clerk ofthe superior court for the geographical area wheresuch offense is alleged to have been committed,during the office hours of such clerk, and if suchclerk’s office is not open, the arresting officer shall,without undue delay, bring such person to a hold-ing facility within the geographical area wheresuch offense is alleged to have been committedor, if there is no such facility available within suchgeographical area, to the nearest available facility.Such clerk or assistant clerk or such person desig-nated by the commissioner of correction shalladvise the defendant of the warnings containedin Section 37-3 and shall release the defendantupon his or her meeting the conditions of releasefixed in the warrant. If the defendant was broughtto such a facility he or she shall be given theopportunity to contact private counsel or the publicdefender. If the defendant is not released becauseof his or her failure to enter into the conditions ofrelease fixed by the judicial authority the defend-ant shall be presented before a judicial authoritypursuant to Sections 37-1 and 37-4. If the defend-ant is not released because he or she has been

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38-12. Attorneys Not Allowed to Give Bonds38-13. Bail Modification; In General38-14. —Motion of Parties for Bail Modification38-15. —Application of Bail Commissioner38-16. —Application of Surety38-17. —Hearing on Motion or Application for Modification

of Bail38-18. —Review of Detention Prior to Arraignment, Trial

or Sentencing38-19. Violation of Conditions of Bail; Order to Appear38-20. —Sanctions for Violation of Conditions of Release38-21. —Forfeiture of Bail and Rearrest Warrant38-22. Rebate of Forfeited Bonds38-23. Discharge of Surety’s Obligation

arrested for an offense which is not bailable, thedefendant shall be presented before a judicialauthority pursuant to Section 37-1.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 654.)

Sec. 38-2. Release Following Any OtherArrest; Release by Law EnforcementOfficersExcept in cases of arrest pursuant to a warrant

in which the judicial authority has indicated thatbail should be denied or has ordered that thearrested person be brought before a clerk or assis-tant clerk of the superior court, when any personis taken into custody for a bailable offense thatperson shall be brought promptly to a police sta-tion or other lawful place of detention, where, asquickly as possible under the circumstances, heor she shall be informed or warned in writing ofhis or her rights under Section 37-3 and of his orher right to be interviewed concerning the termsand conditions of release. Unless the defendantwaives or refuses such interview, a law enforce-ment officer shall promptly interview that personto obtain information relevant to the terms andconditions of his or her release from custody andshall seek independent verification of such infor-mation where necessary. At the request of thedefendant, his or her counsel may be presentduring such interview. After such a waiver, refusalor interview, the law enforcement officer shallpromptly order release of the defendant upon hisor her execution of a written promise to appearor his or her posting of a bond with or withoutsurety in such amount as may be set by suchofficer, except that no condition of release set by


the court or a judge thereof may be modified bysuch officer. If the defendant has not posted bail,the officer shall immediately notify a bail commis-sioner. The officer may administer such oaths asare necessary in the taking of promises or bonds.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 656.)

Sec. 38-3. —Release by Bail Commissioner(a) Upon notification by a law enforcement offi-

cer that a defendant has not posted bail, a bailcommissioner shall promptly conduct an interviewand investigation and, based upon release criteriaestablished by the chief bail commissioner, shallpromptly order the release of the defendant uponthe first of the following conditions of release foundsufficient to assure his appearance in court:

(1) The defendant’s execution of a written prom-ise to appear without special conditions;

(2) The defendant’s execution of a written prom-ise to appear with any of the nonfinancial condi-tions specified in subsection (b) of this section;

(3) The defendant’s execution of a bond withoutsurety in no greater amount than necessary;

(4) The defendant’s execution of a bond withsurety in no greater amount than necessary.

(b) In addition to or in conjunction with any ofthe conditions enumerated in subdivisions (1) to(4), inclusive, of subsection (a) of this section,the bail commissioner may impose nonfinancialconditions of release, which may require that thedefendant do any of the following:

(1) Remain under the supervision of a desig-nated person or organization;

(2) Comply with specified restrictions on his orher travel, association or place of abode;

(3) Not engage in specified activities, includingthe use or possession of a dangerous weapon,an intoxicant or a controlled substance;

(4) Avoid all contact with an alleged victim ofthe crime and with a potential witness who maytestify concerning the offense; or

(5) Satisfy any other condition that is reasonablynecessary to assure the appearance of the personin court.

Any of the conditions imposed under subsection(a) of this section and this subsection by the bailcommissioner shall be effective until the appear-ance of such person in court.

(c) The bail commissioner shall prepare forreview by the judicial authority an interview recordand a written report for each person interviewed.The written report shall contain the informationobtained during the interview and verification pro-cess, the defendant’s prior criminal record, if pos-sible, the determination or recommendation of the

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bail commissioner concerning terms and condi-tions of release, and, where applicable, a state-ment that the defendant was unable to meetconditions of release ordered by the bail commis-sioner.


Sec. 38-4. —Release by Judicial Authority(a) When any defendant is presented before a

judicial authority, such authority shall, in bailableoffenses, promptly order the release of such per-son upon the first of the following conditions ofrelease found sufficient reasonably to assure theperson’s appearance in court and, when thecrimes charged or the facts and circumstancesbrought to the attention of the judicial authoritysuggest that the defendant may pose a risk to thephysical safety of any person, that the safety ofany person will not be endangered:

(1) The defendant’s execution of a written prom-ise to appear without special conditions;

(2) The defendant’s execution of a written prom-ise to appear with nonfinancial conditions;


(4) The defendant’s deposit with the clerk of thecourt of an amount of cash equal to 10 percentof the amount of the surety bond set, pursuant toSection 38-8;

(5) The defendant’s execution of a bond withsurety in no greater amount than necessary;

(6) The defendant’s execution of a cash bondand his or her deposit with the clerk of the courtof cash in the amount of the bond set by thejudicial authority in no greater amount than nec-essary.

In addition to or in conjunction with any of theconditions of release enumerated in this subsec-tion, the judicial authority may impose one or morenonfinancial conditions of release pursuant tosubsection (d).

(b) The judicial authority may, in determiningwhat conditions of release will reasonably assurethe appearance of the defendant in court, considerfactors (1) through (7) below, and, when thecrimes charged or the facts and circumstancesbrought to the attention of the judicial authoritysuggest that the defendant may pose a risk to thephysical safety of any person, the judicial authoritymay also consider factors (8) through (10) below:

(1) The nature and circumstances of theoffense, including the weight of the evidenceagainst the defendant;

(2) The defendant’s record of previous con-victions;


(3) The defendant’s past record of appearancein court after being admitted to bail;

(4) The defendant’s family ties;(5) The defendant’s employment record;(6) The defendant’s financial resources, char-

acter, and mental condition;(7) The defendant’s community ties;(8) The defendant’s history of violence;(9) Whether the defendant has previously been

convicted of similar offenses while released onbond; and

(10) The likelihood based upon the expressedintention of the defendant that he will commitanother crime while released.

(c) In addition to or in conjunction with any ofthe conditions enumerated in subdivisions (1) to(6) of subsection (a), the judicial authority may,when it has reason to believe that the defendantis drug-dependent and where necessary, reason-able and appropriate, order the person to submitto a urinalysis drug test and to participate in aprogram of periodic drug testing and treatment.The results of any such drug test shall not beadmissible in any criminal proceeding concerningsuch defendant.

(d) If the judicial authority determines that anonfinancial condition of release should beimposed in addition to or in conjunction with anyof the conditions enumerated in subdivisions (1)to (6) of subsection (a) of this section, the judicialauthority shall order the pretrial release of thedefendant subject to the least restrictive conditionor combination of conditions that the judicialauthority determines will reasonably assure theappearance of the defendant in court and, whenthe crimes charged or the facts and circumstancesbrought to the attention of the judicial authoritysuggest that the defendant may pose a risk to thephysical safety of any person, that the safety ofany person will not be endangered, which condi-tions may include an order that he or she do oneor more of the following:

(1) Remain under the supervision of a desig-nated person or organization;

(2) Comply with specified restrictions on his orher travel, association or place of abode;

(3) Not engage in specified activities, includingthe use or possession of a dangerous weapon,an intoxicant or a controlled substance;

(4) Participate in the zero-tolerance drug super-vision program established under General Stat-utes § 53a-39d;

(5) Provide sureties of the peace pursuant toGeneral Statutes § 54-56f under supervision of adesignated bail commissioner;

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(6) Avoid all contact with an alleged victim ofthe crime and with a potential witness who maytestify concerning the offense;

(7) Maintain employment or, if unemployed,actively seek employment;

(8) Maintain or commence an educationalprogram;

(9) Be subject to electronic monitoring; or(10) Satisfy any other condition that is reason-

ably necessary to assure the appearance of thedefendant in court and that the safety of any otherperson will not be endangered.

(e) The judicial authority shall state on therecord its reasons for imposing any such nonfi-nancial condition.

(f) The judicial authority may require that thedefendant subject to electronic monitoring pursu-ant to subsection (d) of this section pay directlyto the electronic monitoring service provider a feefor the cost of such electronic monitoring services.If the judicial authority finds that the defendantsubject to electronic monitoring is indigent andunable to pay the costs of electronic monitoringservices, it shall waive such costs.


Sec. 38-5. —Release by Correctional Offi-cialsAny person who has not made bail shall be

detained in a correctional facility and shall bereleased from such institution upon entering intoa recognizance, with sufficient surety, or uponposting cash bail as provided in Sections 38-7and 38-9 for his or her appearance before thecourt having cognizance of the offense, which areto be taken by any person designated by the com-missioner of correction at such institution wheresuch person is detained. Such person so desig-nated shall deliver the recognizance or cash bailto the clerk of the appropriate court before theopening of such court on the first court daythereafter.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 659.)

Sec. 38-6. Appearance after ReleaseThe person taking any promise or bond shall

give the defendant released thereunder a copyof such promise or bond, which shall notify thedefendant of the time when and the place wherehe or she is next to appear and of the penalty forfailure to appear. The initial appearance date shallnot be more than fourteen days after the date ofarrest, unless the defendant has been arrestedfor a crime of family violence, in which case thedefendant shall be promptly presented before the


superior court sitting next regularly for the geo-graphical area where the offense is alleged tohave been committed.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 661.)

Sec. 38-7. Cash BailIn any criminal case in which a bond is allowed

or required and the amount thereof has beendetermined, the defendant, or any person in hisor her behalf, may deposit with the clerk of thecourt having jurisdiction of the offense with whichthe defendant stands charged, or any assistantclerk of such court who is bonded in the samemanner as the clerk, or any person or officerauthorized to accept bail, a sum of money equalto the amount called for by such bond, and suchdefendant shall thereupon be admitted to bail.When cash bail is offered, such bond shall beexecuted and the money shall be received in lieuof a surety or sureties upon such bond. Such cashbail shall be retained by the clerk of such courtuntil a final order of the judicial authority disposingof the case is entered, provided that if such bondis forfeited, the clerk of such court shall pay themoney to the obligee named therein, accordingto the terms and conditions of the bond. Upondischarge of the bond the cash deposit made withthe clerk shall be returned to the person depositingthe same.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 663.)

Sec. 38-8. Ten Percent Cash BailWhen 10 percent cash bail is granted, upon the

depositing in cash, by the defendant or any personin his or her behalf other than a paid surety, of10 percent of the surety bond set, the defendantshall thereupon be admitted to bail in the samemanner as a defendant who has executed a bondfor the full amount. If such bond is forfeited, thedefendant shall be liable for the full amount of thebond. Upon discharge of the bond, the 10 percentcash deposit made with the clerk shall be returnedto the person depositing the same, less any feethat may be required by statute.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 664.)

Sec. 38-9. Real Estate Bond(a) In lieu of a cash bond, the defendant, or

any person in the defendant’s behalf, may pledgeequity in real property located within the state ofConnecticut as bond.

(b) Unless otherwise ordered by the judicialauthority, the pledge shall be accepted and thedefendant shall be admitted to bail upon receiptof the following: (1) proof that a notice of liencontaining the terms of the bond has been prop-erly filed, pursuant to the provisions of GeneralStatutes § 54-66, on a form prescribed by the

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office of the chief court administrator in the officeof the town clerk of the town in which the propertyis located; (2) a current certificate of title from anattorney containing a listing of all encumbrancesof record including the notice of lien; (3) one inde-pendent appraisal by a licensed real estateappraiser prepared within ninety days of applica-tion as to present fair market value; and (4) anaffidavit by each owner of the property settingforth (A) the location of the property, (B) the affi-ant’s ownership interest therein, (C) the amountof the affiant’s equity in the property, (D) the pre-sent fair market value as shown on the appraisal,(E) the present amount of each encumbrance ofrecord filed prior to the notice of lien required bythis subsection, and the present amount of anytax liabilities, and (F) whether the same propertyis pledged as security for any other bonds underthis section or for any other purpose.

(c) All record owners of the property as wellas the accused shall enter into a bond for theappearance of the accused.

(d) The value of the owner’s equity as calculatedand verified pursuant to this section shall be notless than the amount of bail set by the judicialauthority, but shall not be required to be in anygreater amount unless the equity is pledged assecurity for other bonds under this section, inwhich case the value of the equity shall be notless than the total amount of all bonds for whichit is pledged.

(e) Upon order of forfeiture of the bond, theprocedures set forth in General Statutes § 54-66shall be followed.


Sec. 38-10. Factors to Be Considered by theJudicial Authority in Release Decision[Repealed as of Jan. 1, 2006.]

Sec. 38-11. Request for Judicial Determina-tion of ReleaseUpon written motion of the defendant or the

prosecuting authority, the judicial authority shallstate on the record its reasons for imposing theparticular conditions of release which were estab-lished.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 668.)

Sec. 38-12. Attorneys Not Allowed to GiveBondsNo attorney shall give any bond or recogni-

zance in any criminal action or proceeding inwhich he or she is interested as an attorney.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 669.)


Sec. 38-13. Bail Modification; In GeneralThe judicial authority shall have the power to

modify or revoke at any time the terms and condi-tions of release as provided for in these rules.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 673.)

Sec. 38-14. —Motion of Parties for Bail Mod-ificationWhenever the prosecuting authority or the

defendant alleges that any bond with or withoutsurety is excessive or insufficient in amount orsecurity or that the written promise of the defend-ant to appear is inadequate, that person maymake a motion to a judicial authority to modify orset terms and conditions of release. Such motionshall be served prior to the hearing date upon theopposing party, the sureties upon any bond andthe appropriate bail commissioner, unless other-wise ordered by the judicial authority.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 674.)

Sec. 38-15. —Application of Bail Commis-sionerA bail commissioner who has reason to believe

that a person released under any of the provisionsof these rules or of the General Statutes intendsnot to appear in court as required by the conditionsof release may apply to a judicial authority for thecourt before whom such person is required toappear, and verify by oath the reason for thisbelief, and request that such person be broughtbefore the judicial authority in order that the condi-tions of release be reviewed. Upon finding reason-able grounds to believe that the released personintends not to appear, such judicial authority shallforthwith issue a capias directed to a proper officeror indifferent person, commanding him or herforthwith to arrest and bring such person to thecourt for a hearing to review the conditions of hisor her release. Copies of the bail commissioner’sapplication shall be served upon the defendant,the prosecuting authority and any sureties uponany bond.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 675.)

Sec. 38-16. —Application of Surety(a) A surety upon a bail bond who believes that

his or her principal intends not to appear in courtas required by the conditions of release shall filewith a judicial authority an application, with a sum-mons and citation, setting forth the reasons forhis or her belief, verified by oath and requestingthat the judicial authority issue either a summonsand citation or a capias to compel the appearanceof the released person before the judicial authorityfor a hearing to review the conditions of suchperson’s release.

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(b) Except as provided below, in lieu of issuinga capias the judicial authority may order a copyof the surety’s application and a summons andcitation, signed by the judicial authority or the clerkor assistant clerk of the court, to be served on theprincipal by a proper officer or indifferent personsummoning him or her to appear in court at a timeand place named for a hearing upon such appli-cation.

(c) If the judicial authority determines that itis necessary to take the accused into custodybecause there are facts indicating a substantiallikelihood that such person will not appear in courtas required by the conditions of his or her releaseunless he or she is taken into custody, it shallissue a capias directed to a proper officer or indif-ferent person commanding that person forthwithto arrest and bring the released person to thecourt for a hearing to review the conditions of hisor her release. However, a capias shall not issueunless the application sets forth the particularfacts in narrative form which lead the surety tobelieve there is a substantial likelihood that suchperson will not appear in court.

(d) All expenses incurred pursuant to the issu-ance and service of the capias or summons shallbe paid by the surety.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 675A.)

Sec. 38-17. —Hearing on Motion or Applica-tion for Modification of Bail(a) Upon the filing and service of such motion

or application, the judicial authority shall, with rea-sonable promptness, conduct a hearing to deter-mine whether the terms and conditions of releaseshould be continued, modified or set. The judicialauthority shall release the defendant subject toand in accordance with the provisions of Section38-4 upon the first of the following conditions ofrelease found sufficient to provide reasonableassurance of the appearance of the defendantin court:

(1) The defendant’s execution of a written prom-ise to appear;


(3) The defendant’s deposit with the clerk of thecourt of an amount equal to 10 percent of thesurety bond set, pursuant to Section 38-8;

(4) The defendant’s execution of a bond withsurety in no greater amount than necessary.

(b) If, after such hearing, the judicial authorityrelieves a surety of his or her undertaking on abond, it may enter such order contingent uponthe return of such portion of the bond fee as itdeems equitable.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 676.)


Sec. 38-18. —Review of Detention Prior toArraignment, Trial or Sentencing(a) No person shall be detained in a correctional

facility for arraignment, sentencing or trial for anoffense not punishable by death for longer thanforty-five days, unless at the expiration of suchforty-five days such person is presented to thejudicial authority having cognizance of theoffense. On each such presentment, the judicialauthority may reduce, modify or discharge suchbail. On the expiration of each successive forty-five day period, such person may again by motionbe presented to the judicial authority for suchpurpose.

(b) If the offense is classified as a class D felonyor as a misdemeanor, the time period under thissection shall be thirty days, except with regard toa person charged with a crime in another state anddetained pursuant to chapter 964 of the GeneralStatutes or a person detained for violation of hisparole pending a parole revocation hearing.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 677.)

Sec. 38-19. Violation of Conditions of Bail;Order to AppearUpon application by the prosecuting authority

alleging that a defendant has violated the condi-tions of release, a judicial authority may, if proba-ble cause is found, order that the defendantappear in court for a hearing upon such allega-tions. Said order shall be served upon the defend-ant (1) by delivering a copy to the defendantpersonally, (2) by leaving it at his or her usualplace of abode with a person of suitable age anddiscretion then residing therein, (3) by mailing itby registered or certified mail to the defendant’slast known address, or (4) by serving the orderupon the defendant’s counsel who shall notify thedefendant of the order and the hearing date. Ifservice is made pursuant to (4) above and suchservice proves insufficient to give the defendantnotice, then service shall be made as otherwiseprovided in this section.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 682.)

Sec. 38-20. —Sanctions for Violation ofConditions of ReleaseAfter a hearing and upon a finding that the

defendant has violated reasonable conditionsimposed on release, the judicial authority mayimpose different or additional conditions upon thedefendant’s release or revoke the release.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 683.)

Sec. 38-21. —Forfeiture of Bail and Rear-rest Warrant(a) If the defendant fails to appear at the time

and place promised in any bond or written promise

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to appear, or in response to an order issued pursu-ant to Sections 38-19 and 38-20 unless otherwiseordered by the judicial authority, the bond maybe forfeited in accordance with its terms and thejudicial authority may issue a warrant to causethe arrest of the defendant and his or her appear-ance in court or may issue a capias.

(b) If the bond which has been forfeited was inan amount of $500 or more, the court shall ordera stay of execution upon the forfeiture for sixmonths. When the arrested person whose bondhas been forfeited is returned to custody withinsix months of the date such bond was orderedforfeited, the bond shall be reinstated and thesurety released. Such stay of execution shall notprevent the issuance of a rearrest warrant or acapias.

(c) Upon issuance of a rearrest warrant or acapias the judicial authority shall, pursuant to Sec-tion 38-4, set a condition of release sufficient toassure the defendant’s appearance in court.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 684.)

Sec. 38-22. Rebate of Forfeited BondsWhenever an arrested person, whose bond has

been forfeited, is returned to the jurisdiction of thecourt within one year of the date such bond wasordered forfeited, the surety on such bond shallbe entitled to a rebate in the following amount:

(1) 46 percent of the amount of the bondordered forfeited if the arrested person is returnedto the jurisdiction of the court within 210 days ofthe date such bond was ordered forfeited;





(6) 7 percent of the amount of the bond orderedforfeited if the arrested person is returned to thejurisdiction of the court within one year of the datesuch bond was ordered forfeited.

(P.B. 1998.)


Sec. 38-23. Discharge of Surety’s Obligation

Where bail has been posted by a bondsman orother surety, such bondsman or surety shall not

338


be relieved of any obligation upon the bond exceptwith the permission of the judicial authority andfor good cause shown.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 685.)


CHAPTER 39

DISPOSITION WITHOUT TRIAL

Sec. Sec.39-1. Procedure for Plea Discussions; In General39-2. —Discussions with Defendant39-3. —Role of Defense Counsel39-4. —Subject Matter of Discussion39-5. Plea Agreements; Upon Plea of Guilty or Nolo Con-

tendere39-6. —Alternate Agreements39-7. —Notice of Plea Agreement39-8. —Sentencing after Acceptance of Plea Agreement39-9. —Continuance for Sentencing39-10. —Rejection of Plea Agreement39-11. Disposition Conference; Assignment of Jury Cases39-12. —Effect of Previous Plea Discussions on Disposi-

tion Conference39-13. —Attendance at Disposition Conference39-14. —Nature of Disposition Conference; In General39-15. —Inability to Reach Agreement39-16. —Notice of Agreement to Judicial Authority


Sec. 39-1. Procedure for Plea Discussions;In GeneralThe prosecuting authority and counsel for the

defendant, or the defendant when not representedby counsel, may engage in discussions at anytime with a view towards disposition. Negotiationsmay occur either prior to or after the arraignment.The prosecuting authority shall be in his or heroffice at reasonable times for the purpose of givingto counsel for the defendant, and to all others ininterest, a reasonable opportunity for consul-tation.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 687.)

Sec. 39-2. —Discussions with DefendantThe prosecuting authority shall not engage in

plea discussions at the disposition conference, orat other times, directly with a defendant who isrepresented by counsel, except with such coun-sel’s approval. If the defendant refuses to be rep-resented by counsel or waives this right underSection 44-3, the prosecuting authority may prop-erly discuss disposition of the charges directlywith the defendant.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 688.)

Sec. 39-3. —Role of Defense CounselDefense counsel shall conclude plea

agreements only with the consent of the defend-ant and shall insure that the decision to disposeof the case or to proceed to trial is ultimately madeby the defendant.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 689.)

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39-17. —Effect of Disposition Conference39-18. Plea of Guilty or Nolo Contendere; Entering39-19. —Acceptance of Plea; Advice to Defendant39-20. —Ensuring That the Plea is Voluntary39-21. —Factual Basis for Plea39-22. Pleading to Other Offenses after Guilty Finding39-23. Previous Offender; Plea to Second Part39-24. Record of Proceedings regarding Guilty Pleas39-25. Inadmissibility of Rejected Guilty Pleas39-26. Withdrawal of Plea; When Allowed39-27. —Grounds for Allowing Plea Withdrawal39-28. —Effect of Plea Withdrawal39-29. Nolle Prosequi39-30. —Objection by Defendant to Nolle Prosequi39-31. —Effect of Nolle Prosequi39-32. —Dismissal39-33. Miscellaneous Dispositions

Sec. 39-4. —Subject Matter of DiscussionDiscussion need not be limited to the entry of

a plea of guilty or nolo contendere, and mayinclude any disposition without trial permittedunder these rules or the General Statutes. Theparties may also discuss pretrial motions filed oryet to be filed which would lead to a dispositionof the case without trial.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 690.)

Sec. 39-5. Plea Agreements; Upon Plea ofGuilty or Nolo ContendereThe parties may agree that the defendant will

plead guilty or nolo contendere on one or moreof the following conditions:

(1) That the prosecuting authority will amendthe information to charge a particular offense;

(2) That the prosecuting authority will nolle, rec-ommend dismissal of, or not bring certain othercharges against the defendant; or

(3) That the sentence or other disposition willnot exceed specified terms or that the prosecutingauthority will recommend a specific sentence, notoppose a particular sentence, or make no specificrecommendation.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 692.)

Sec. 39-6. —Alternate AgreementsThe prosecuting authority may also recommend

an alternative disposition under Section 39-33.(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 693.)


Sec. 39-7. —Notice of Plea AgreementIf a plea agreement has been reached by the

parties, which contemplates the entry of a plea ofguilty or nolo contendere, the judicial authorityshall require the disclosure of the agreement inopen court or, on a showing of good cause, incamera at the time the plea is offered. Thereuponthe judicial authority may accept or reject theagreement, or may defer his or her decision onacceptance or rejection until there has been anopportunity to consider the presentence report, ormay defer it for other reasons.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 694.)

Sec. 39-8. —Sentencing after Acceptance ofPlea AgreementIf the judicial authority accepts the plea

agreement, it shall embody in the judgment andthe sentence the disposition provided for in theplea agreement or another disposition more favor-able to the defendant than that provided for in theplea agreement.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 696.)

Sec. 39-9. —Continuance for SentencingIf the case is continued for sentencing, the judi-

cial authority shall inform the defendant that adifferent sentence from that embodied in the pleaagreement may be imposed on the receipt of newinformation or on sentencing by another judicialauthority, but that if such a sentence is imposed,the defendant will be allowed to withdraw his orher plea in accordance with Sections 39-26through 39-28.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 697.)

Sec. 39-10. —Rejection of Plea AgreementIf the judicial authority rejects the plea

agreement, it shall inform the parties of this fact;advise the defendant personally in open court or,on a showing of good cause, in camera that thejudicial authority is not bound by the pleaagreement; afford the defendant the opportunitythen to withdraw the plea, if given; and advise thedefendant that if he or she persists in a guilty pleaor plea of nolo contendere, the disposition of thecase may be less favorable to the defendant thanthat contemplated by the plea agreement.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 698.)

Sec. 39-11. Disposition Conference; As-signment of Jury CasesAfter conferring with the clerk, the presiding

judge shall assign for disposition conferences somuch of the jury trial list as he or she shall deemnecessary for the proper conduct of the court andhe or she shall direct the clerk to print and distrib-ute a list of the cases so assigned to the appearing

340


parties. The clerk shall schedule the conferencesat times which will not interfere with the orderlycalling of the court docket. Cases may also beassigned for a disposition conference at the timeof the entry of a plea pursuant to Section 44-15.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 700.)

Sec. 39-12. —Effect of Previous Plea Dis-cussions on Disposition ConferenceUnless an agreement has been reached in a

previous plea discussion, a case will be assignedfor a disposition conference. It shall be the dutyof the prosecuting authority to notify the clerk ifan agreement has been reached or if the casehas been disposed of.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 701.)

Sec. 39-13. —Attendance at DispositionConferenceThe prosecuting authority, the defense counsel,

and, in cases claimed for jury trial, the defendantshall appear at the time set for the dispositionconference unless excused by the judicial author-ity. Requests for postponements shall be madeonly to the presiding judge and shall be grantedupon good cause shown.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 702.)

Sec. 39-14. —Nature of Disposition Confer-ence; In GeneralThe prosecuting authority and counsel for the

defendant should attempt to reach a pleaagreement pursuant to the procedures of Sections39-1 through 39-10.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 704.)

Sec. 39-15. —Inability to Reach AgreementShould the parties be unable to reach an

agreement as to disposition, they shall report tothe presiding judge or to another judge assignedby him or her.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 705.)

Sec. 39-16. —Notice of Agreement to Judi-cial AuthorityIf the parties reach an agreement which con-

templates the entry of a plea of guilty or nolocontendere, they may advise the judicial authorityin advance of the plea. The judicial authority mayindicate whether it will concur in or reject the pro-posed disposition.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 706.)

Sec. 39-17. —Effect of Disposition Con-ferenceIf a case is not resolved at the disposition con-

ference or if the judicial authority rejects the pleaagreement, the case shall be assigned to a triallist. If an agreement is reached, a judicial authority


shall be available to accept guilty pleas andother dispositions.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 707.)

Sec. 39-18. Plea of Guilty or Nolo Conten-dere; EnteringIn the discretion of the judicial authority, the

defendant may enter a plea of guilty or nolo con-tendere to the information or complaint at arraign-ment. At any later time the defendant also mayenter any such plea. A plea of nolo contendereshall be in writing, shall be signed by the defend-ant, and, when accepted by the judicial authority,shall be followed by a finding of guilty.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 709.)

Sec. 39-19. —Acceptance of Plea; Adviceto DefendantThe judicial authority shall not accept the plea

without first addressing the defendant personallyand determining that he or she fully understands:

(1) The nature of the charge to which the pleais offered;

(2) The mandatory minimum sentence, if any;(3) The fact that the statute for the particular

offense does not permit the sentence to be sus-pended;

(4) The maximum possible sentence on thecharge, including, if there are several charges,the maximum sentence possible from consecutivesentences and including, when applicable, thefact that a different or additional punishment maybe authorized by reason of a previous convic-tion; and

(5) The fact that he or she has the right to pleadnot guilty or to persist in that plea if it has alreadybeen made, and the fact that he or she has theright to be tried by a jury or a judge and thatat that trial the defendant has the right to theassistance of counsel, the right to confront andcross-examine witnesses against him or her, andthe right not to be compelled to incriminate himselfor herself.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 711.)

Sec. 39-20. —Ensuring That the Plea is Vol-untaryThe judicial authority shall not accept a plea of

guilty or nolo contendere without first determining,by addressing the defendant personally in opencourt, that the plea is voluntary and is not theresult of force or threats or of promises apart froma plea agreement. The judicial authority shall alsoinquire as to whether the defendant’s willingnessto plead guilty or nolo contendere results fromprior discussions between the prosecuting author-ity and the defendant or his or her counsel.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 712.)

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Sec. 39-21. —Factual Basis for PleaThe judicial authority shall not accept a plea of

guilty unless it is satisfied that there is a factualbasis for the plea.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 713.)

Sec. 39-22. Pleading to Other Offenses afterGuilty FindingUpon entry of a finding of guilty after acceptance

of a plea of guilty or nolo contendere or after atrial, a defendant may request permission to pleadguilty or nolo contendere to any other offense forwhich the court wherein the finding of guilty wasentered has jurisdiction to impose the maximumauthorized penalty. Upon the written approval ofthe prosecuting authority who is authorized torequest imposition of the maximum authorizedpenalty in the judicial district or geographical areawherein the offense has been or could becharged, and upon the written approval of theprosecuting authority who is authorized to requestimposition of the maximum authorized penalty inthe judicial district or geographical area whereinthe court, in which the finding of guilty wasentered, is located, a defendant may enter a pleaof guilty or nolo contendere in conformity withSection 39-18. Such a plea shall operate as awaiver of venue and as a consent to the filing ofan appropriate information.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 715.)

Sec. 39-23. Previous Offender; Plea to Sec-ond PartWhere the defendant has been charged in the

second part of an information with a former convic-tion or convictions, he or she may enter a plea ofguilty to the second part upon a finding of guiltyof the particular offense he or she was chargedwith in the first part.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 716.)

Sec. 39-24. Record of Proceedings regard-ing Guilty PleasA verbatim record shall be made of the proceed-

ings at which the defendant enters a plea of guiltyor nolo contendere. This record shall include thejudicial authority’s advice to the defendant, theinquiry into the voluntariness of the plea, includingany plea agreement, and the inquiry into the fac-tual basis for the plea.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 717.)

Sec. 39-25. Inadmissibility of RejectedGuilty PleasNo evidence of the court proceedings at which

a plea of guilty or nolo contendere was entered,where such plea is not accepted by the judicial


authority or is later withdrawn pursuant to Sec-tions 39-26 through 39-28, shall be received atthe trial of the case.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 718.)

Sec. 39-26. Withdrawal of Plea; WhenAllowedA defendant may withdraw his or her plea of

guilty or nolo contendere as a matter of right untilthe plea has been accepted. After acceptance,the judicial authority shall allow the defendant towithdraw his or her plea upon proof of one of thegrounds in Section 39-27. A defendant may notwithdraw his or her plea after the conclusion of theproceeding at which the sentence was imposed.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 720.)

Sec. 39-27. —Grounds for Allowing PleaWithdrawalThe grounds for allowing the defendant to with-

draw his or her plea of guilty after acceptance areas follows:

(1) The plea was accepted without substantialcompliance with Section 39-19;

(2) The plea was involuntary, or it was enteredwithout knowledge of the nature of the chargeor without knowledge that the sentence actuallyimposed could be imposed;

(3) The sentence exceeds that specified in aplea agreement which had been previouslyaccepted, or in a plea agreement on which thejudicial authority had deferred its decision toaccept or reject the agreement at the time theplea of guilty was entered;

(4) The plea resulted from the denial of effectiveassistance of counsel;

(5) There was no factual basis for the plea; or(6) The plea either was not entered by a person

authorized to act for a corporate defendant or wasnot subsequently ratified by a corporatedefendant.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 721.)

Sec. 39-28. —Effect of Plea WithdrawalIf the defendant is permitted to withdraw his or

her plea, the original finding of guilty shall be setaside, a plea of not guilty shall be entered, andfurther proceedings shall be scheduled in accord-ance with these rules. The judicial authority per-mitting the vacating of the guilty plea shall not siton the trial of the matter, unless this is waived bythe defendant in writing.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 722.)

Sec. 39-29. Nolle ProsequiA prosecuting authority shall have the power to

enter a nolle prosequi in a case. It shall be entered

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upon the record after a brief statement by theprosecuting authority in open court of the rea-sons therefor.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 725.)

Sec. 39-30. —Objection by Defendant toNolle ProsequiWhere a prosecution is initiated by complaint

or information, the defendant may object to theentering of a nolle prosequi at the time it is offeredby the prosecuting authority and may demandeither a trial or a dismissal, except when a nolleprosequi is entered upon a representation to thejudicial authority by the prosecuting authority thata material witness has died, disappeared orbecome disabled or that material evidence hasdisappeared or has been destroyed and that afurther investigation is therefore necessary.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 726.)

Sec. 39-31. —Effect of Nolle ProsequiThe entry of a nolle prosequi terminates the

prosecution and the defendant shall be releasedfrom custody. If subsequently the prosecutingauthority decides to proceed against the defend-ant, a new prosecution must be initiated.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 727.)

Sec. 39-32. —DismissalThe judicial authority may dismiss the informa-

tion or complaint and discharge the defendant, atany time, in accordance with Sections 41-8through 41-11.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 728.)

Sec. 39-33. Miscellaneous DispositionsUpon motion by the defendant, counsel for the

defendant, or the prosecuting authority, the judi-cial authority may make any order permitted bystatute or rule that may result in the dispositionof the case without trial, including, but not limitedto, the following:

(1) Adjudication and treatment as a youthfuloffender;

(2) Accelerated pretrial rehabilitation;(3) Pretrial alcohol education and treatment;(4) Reference to the family relations division

and a hearing thereon;(5) Commitment to the commissioner of mental

health following examination and hearing;(6) Suspension of prosecution for drug-depen-

dent defendants after examination and release tothe commission on adult probation;

(7) Reference to a community service labor pro-gram; or

(8) Reference to an alternative incarcerationprogram under the auspices of the office ofadult probation.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 730.)


CHAPTER 40

DISCOVERY AND DEPOSITIONS

Sec. Sec.40-1. Discovery in General; Regulating Discovery40-2. —Good Faith Efforts and Subpoenas40-3. —Continuing Obligation to Disclose40-4. —Limitations on Requests or Motions40-5. —Failure to Comply with Disclosure40-6. —Discovery Performance40-7. —Procedures for Disclosure40-8. —Objection to Disclosure40-9. —Presence during Tests and Experiments40-10. —Custody of Materials40-11. Disclosure by the Prosecuting Authority; Informa-

tion and Materials Discoverable by Defendant asof Right

40-12. Discretionary Disclosure Directed to ProsecutingAuthority

40-13. Names of Witnesses; Prior Record of Witnesses;Statements of Witnesses Discoverable by theParties as of Right

40-14. Information Not Subject to Disclosure by Prosecut-ing Authority

40-15. Disclosure of Statements; Definition of Statement40-16. Request for Recess by Defendant upon Receipt

of Statement40-17. Defense of Mental Disease or Defect or Extreme

Emotional Disturbance; Notice by Defendant40-18. —Notice by Defendant of Intention to Use Expert

Testimony regarding Mental State; Filing Reportsof Exam

40-19. —Prosecutorial Motion for Psychiatric Examination40-20. —Failure of Expert to Submit Report40-21. Defense of Alibi; Notice by Defendant40-22. —Notice by Prosecuting Authority concerning

Alibi Defense40-23. —Continuing Duty of Parties to Disclose regarding

Alibi Defense40-24. —Exceptions40-25. —Inadmissibility of Withdrawn Alibi40-26. Disclosure by the Defendant; Information and Mate-

rials Discoverable by the Prosecuting Authorityas of Right


Sec. 40-1. Discovery in General; Regulat-ing DiscoveryExcept as otherwise provided in these rules,

the judicial authority before whom the defendantappears shall fix the times for filing and forresponding to discovery motions and requestsand, when appropriate, shall fix the hour, place,manner, terms, and conditions of responses tothe motions and requests.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 732.)

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40-27. Discretionary Disclosure Directed to Defendant40-28. Derivative Evidence40-29. Protective Orders Requested by Defendant40-30. Admissibility at Time of Trial40-31. Information Not Subject To Disclosure by

Defendant40-32. Obtaining Nontestimonial Evidence from

Defendant40-33. —Emergency Procedure regarding Nontestimo-

nial Evidence40-34. —Scope of Order for Nontestimonial Evidence40-35. —Contents of Order40-36. —Service of Order40-37. —Implementation of Order40-38. —Obtaining Nontestimonial Evidence from Defend-

ant upon Motion of Defendant40-39. —Comparing Nontestimonial Evidence40-40. Protective Orders; Relief40-41. —Grounds for Protective Order40-42. —In Camera Proceedings40-43. —Excision as Protective Order40-44. Depositions; Grounds40-45. —Failure to Appear for Deposition40-46. —Use of Deposition40-47. —Notice and Person Taking Deposition40-48. —Protective Order Prior to Deposition40-49. —Manner of Taking Deposition40-50. —Scope of Examination at Deposition40-51. —Objections at Depositions40-52. —Protective Order during Deposition40-53. —Return of Deposition40-54. —Right of Defendant to Be Present and Repre-

sented at Deposition40-55. —Waiver of Presence and Failure to Appear at

Deposition40-56. —Definition of Unavailable40-57. —Taking and Use in Court of Deposition by

Agreement40-58. —Expenses of Deposition and Copies

Sec. 40-2. —Good Faith Efforts and Sub-poenasWhen documents or objects are the subject of

discovery orders, good faith efforts shall be madeby the party to whom any such order is directedto secure their possession. If the efforts of suchparty are unsuccessful the judicial authority shall,upon written request, issue a subpoena or orderdirecting that such documents or objects be deliv-ered to the clerk of the court within a specified


time. The clerk shall give a receipt for them andbe responsible for their safekeeping. Such docu-ments and tangible objects shall be sealed andshall be open to inspection only upon an order ofthe judicial authority.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 733.)

Sec. 40-3. —Continuing Obligation toDiscloseIf prior to or during trial a party discovers addi-

tional material previously ordered to be disclosedor which the party is otherwise obligated to dis-close, such party shall promptly notify the otherparty and the judicial authority of its existence.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 734.)

Sec. 40-4. —Limitations on Requests orMotionsA party shall file all requests or motions under

this chapter within the time specified and shallinclude in the initial request or motion all informa-tion or materials sought. The judicial authority mayfor good cause shown allow the filing of supple-mental requests or motions.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 735.)

Sec. 40-5. —Failure to Comply with Dis-closureIf a party fails to comply with disclosure as

required under these rules, the opposing partymay move the judicial authority for an appropriateorder. The judicial authority hearing such a motionmay enter such orders and time limitations as itdeems appropriate, including, without limitation,one or more of the following:

(1) Requiring the noncomplying party to comply;(2) Granting the moving party additional time

or a continuance;(3) Relieving the moving party from making a

disclosure required by these rules;(4) Prohibiting the noncomplying party from

introducing specified evidence;(5) Declaring a mistrial;(6) Dismissing the charges;(7) Imposing appropriate sanctions on the coun-

sel or party, or both, responsible for the noncom-pliance; or

(8) Entering such other order as it deemsproper.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 735A.)

Sec. 40-6. —Discovery PerformanceUnless otherwise specified by agreement of the

parties or judicial order, the parties shall performtheir obligations under Sections 40-1 through 40-10 by making available at reasonable times speci-fied information and materials for inspecting, test-ing, copying and photographing.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 737.)

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Sec. 40-7. —Procedures for Disclosure(a) All requests for disclosure by any party shall

be filed in accordance with Section 41-5 and shallbe served in accordance with Sections 10-12through 10-17 but need not be filed with the court,subject, however, to the provisions of Section 40-40 et seq. The party requesting disclosure or theparty responding shall file with the court a noticeof service certifying that a request or responsewas served and the date and manner of service.The party responsible for service of a documentshall retain custody of the original.

(b) Except as otherwise provided in Section 40-13, any party may make disclosure by notifyingthe opposing party that all pertinent material andinformation may be inspected and, if practicable,copied at specific times and locations and theparties may schedule agreed dates and times tophotograph and have reasonable tests madeupon any disclosed material.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 737A.)

Sec. 40-8. —Objection to DisclosureNotwithstanding the provisions of Sections 40-

11 and 40-26, the prosecuting authority or thedefendant may object to disclosure of any infor-mation or items which are directed to be providedby those sections but which the objecting partybelieves for good cause should not be disclosedor for which it is reasonably believed that a protec-tive order provided by Section 40-40 et seq. wouldbe warranted. Such objection shall be made inwriting and shall set forth the grounds of suchbelief as fully as possible. The objection shall beserved in accordance with Sections 10-12 through10-17 and a copy shall be filed with the courtwithin twenty days of the request unless the judi-cial authority, for good cause shown, allows alater filing. After hearing the judicial authority shalldetermine whether such information or items shallbe disclosed.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 737B.)

Sec. 40-9. —Presence during Tests andExperimentsIf a scientific test or experiment to be performed

upon any object which has been the subject of adisclosure order may preclude or impair any fur-ther tests or experiments, the opposing party andany other person known to have or believed tohave an interest in the matter shall be given rea-sonable notice and opportunity to be present andto have an expert observe or participate in thetest or experiment, unless the judicial authority forgood cause shall order otherwise.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 738.)


Sec. 40-10. —Custody of MaterialsAny materials furnished to counsel pursuant to

this chapter shall be used only for the purposesof conducting such counsel’s side of the case orfor the performance of his or her official duties,and shall be subject to such other terms and con-ditions as the judicial authority may provide.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 739.)

Sec. 40-11. Disclosure by the ProsecutingAuthority; Information and Materials Dis-coverable by Defendant as of Right(a) Upon written request by a defendant filed

in accordance with Section 41-5 and withoutrequiring any order of the judicial authority, theprosecuting authority, subject to Section 40-40 etseq., shall promptly, but no later than forty-fivedays from the filing of the request, unless suchtime is extended by the judicial authority for goodcause shown, disclose in writing the existenceof and allow the defendant in accordance withSection 40-7, to inspect, copy, photograph andhave reasonable tests made on any of the follow-ing items:

(1) Exculpatory information or materials;(2) Any books, tangible objects, papers, photo-

graphs, or documents within the possession, cus-tody or control of any governmental agency, whichthe prosecuting authority intends to offer in evi-dence in chief at trial or which are material to thepreparation of the defense or which were obtainedfrom or purportedly belong to the defendant;

(3) Copies of the defendant’s prior criminalrecord, if any, which are within the possession,custody, or control of the prosecuting authority,the existence of which is known, or by the exerciseof due diligence may become known, to the prose-cuting authority;

(4) Any reports or statements of experts madein connection with the offense charged includingresults of physical and mental examinations andof scientific tests, experiments or comparisonswhich are material to the preparation of thedefense or are intended for use by the prosecutingauthority as evidence in chief at the trial;

(5) Any warrant executed for the arrest of thedefendant for the offense charged, and anysearch and seizure warrants issued in connectionwith the investigation of the offense charged;

(6) (i) Any written, recorded or oral statementsmade by the defendant or a codefendant, beforeor after arrest to any law enforcement officer orto a person acting under the direction of or incooperation with a law enforcement officer con-cerning the offense charged; or

345


(ii) Any relevant statements of coconspiratorswhich the prosecuting authority intends to offer inevidence at any trial or hearing.

(b) In addition to the foregoing, the defendantshall be entitled to disclosure of exculpatory mate-rials in accordance with any applicable constitu-tional and statutory provisions.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 741.)

Sec. 40-12. Discretionary Disclosure Di-rected to Prosecuting AuthorityUpon written request by a defendant filed in

accordance with Section 40-7 the judicial authoritymay direct the prosecuting authority to disclosein writing to the defendant and make available forinspection, photographing, copying and reason-able testing any other relevant material and infor-mation not covered by Section 40-11 which thejudicial authority determines on good causeshown should be made available.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 742.)

Sec. 40-13. Names of Witnesses; PriorRecord of Witnesses; Statements of Wit-nesses Discoverable by the Parties as ofRight(a) Upon written request by a defendant filed

in accordance with Section 41-5 and withoutrequiring any order of the judicial authority, theprosecuting authority, subject to Section 40-40 etseq., shall promptly, but no later than forty-fivedays from the filing of the request, unless suchtime is extended by the judicial authority for goodcause shown, disclose to the defendant thenames and, subject to the provisions of subsec-tions (g) and (h) of this section, the addresses ofall witnesses that the prosecuting authorityintends to call in his or her case in chief and shalladditionally disclose to the defendant:

(1) Any statements of the witnesses in the pos-session of the prosecuting authority or his or heragents, including state and local law enforcementofficers, which statements relate to the subjectmatter about which each witness will testify; and

(2) Any record of felony convictions of the wit-nesses known to the prosecuting authority andany record of felony or misdemeanor chargespending against the witnesses known to the pros-ecuting authority.

(b) Upon written request by the prosecutingauthority, filed in accordance with Section 41-5and without requiring any order of the judicialauthority, the defendant, subject to Section 40-40et seq., shall promptly, but no later than forty-fivedays from the filing of the request, unless suchtime is extended by the judicial authority for goodcause shown, disclose to the prosecuting author-ity the names and, subject to the provisions of


subsection (h) of this section, the addresses ofall witnesses that the defendant intends to call inthe defendant’s case in chief and shall additionallydisclose to the prosecuting authority any state-ments of the witnesses other than the defendantin the possession of the defendant or his or heragents which statements relate to the subject mat-ter about which each witness will testify.

(c) If the entire contents of a statement undersubdivision (1) of subsections (a) and (b) of thissection relate to the subject matter of the antici-pated testimony of the witness the statement shallbe delivered directly to the opposing party or hisor her counsel for his or her examination and use.If the party calling the witness claims that anystatement to be produced under subdivision (1)of subsections (a) and (b) of this section containsmatter which does not relate to the anticipatedsubject matter of the testimony of the witness, thejudicial authority shall order the party calling thewitness to deliver such statement for the inspec-tion of the judicial authority in camera. Upon deliv-ery the judicial authority shall not disclose theportions of such statement which it is claimed donot relate to the anticipated subject matter of thetestimony of the witness. The judicial authorityshall determine whether any such material shouldbe excised. The judicial authority shall then directdelivery of such statement to the opposing partyfor his or her use and shall further review thecontents of such statement after the direct testi-mony of such witness and may provide to theopposing party any additional portions of suchstatement which the judicial authority determinesrelate to the subject matter of the direct testimonyof such witness. If, pursuant to this procedure,any portion of such statement is withheld from theparty and that party objects to such withholding,the entire text of such statement shall be sealedand preserved as a court’s exhibit in the case.

(d) No witness shall be precluded from testifyingfor any party because his or her name or state-ment or criminal history was not disclosed pursu-ant to this rule if the party calling such witnessdid not in good faith intend to call the witnessat the time that he or she provided the materialrequired by this rule. In the interests of justice thejudicial authority may in its discretion permit anyundisclosed individual to testify.

(e) The provisions of this section shall apply toany additional testimony presented by any partyas rebuttal evidence pursuant to Section 42-35(3)and the statements and criminal histories of suchwitnesses shall be provided to the opposing partybefore the commencement of any such rebuttaltestimony.

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(f) The fact that a witness’ name or statementis provided under this section shall not be a groundfor comment upon a failure to call a witness.

(g) Notwithstanding any provision of this sec-tion, the personal residence address of a policeofficer or correction officer shall not be requiredto be disclosed except pursuant to an order of thejudicial authority after a hearing and a showingthat good cause exists for the disclosure of theinformation.

(h) Upon written request of a party and for goodcause shown, the judicial authority may order thatthe address of any witness whose name was dis-closed pursuant to subsections (a) or (b) of thissection not be disclosed to the opposing party.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 743.)

Sec. 40-14. Information Not Subject to Dis-closure by Prosecuting AuthoritySubject to Section 40-13 and except for the

substance of any exculpatory material containedherein, Sections 40-11 through 40-14 do notauthorize or require disclosure or inspection of:

(1) Reports, memoranda or other internal docu-ments made by a prosecuting authority or by lawenforcement officers in connection with the inves-tigation or prosecution of the case;

(2) Statements made to prosecuting authoritiesor law enforcement officers except as provided inSection 40-11(a) (6);

(3) Legal research;(4) Records, correspondence, reports or mem-

oranda to the extent that they contain the opinions,theories or conclusions of a prosecuting authority.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 746.)

Sec. 40-15. Disclosure of Statements; Defi-nition of StatementThe term ‘‘statement’’ as used in Sections 40-

11, 40-13 and 40-26 means:(1) A written statement made by a person and

signed or otherwise adopted or approved by suchperson; or

(2) A stenographic, mechanical, electrical, orother recording, or a transcription thereof, whichis a substantially verbatim recital of an oral state-ment made by a person and recorded contempo-raneously with the making of such oral statement.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 749.)

Sec. 40-16. Request for Recess by Defend-ant upon Receipt of StatementWhenever any statement is delivered to a

defendant pursuant to Section 40-13, the judicialauthority in its discretion, upon application of thedefendant, may recess the proceedings for suchtime as it may determine to be reasonablyrequired for the examination of such statement


by the defendant and his or her preparation forits use in the trial.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 754.)

Sec. 40-17. Defense of Mental Disease orDefect or Extreme Emotional Disturbance;Notice by DefendantIf a defendant intends to rely upon the affirma-

tive defense of mental disease or defect or ofextreme emotional disturbance at the time of thealleged crime, the defendant shall, not later thanforty-five days after the first pretrial conference inthe court where the case will be tried or at suchlater time as the judicial authority may direct, notifythe prosecuting authority in writing of such inten-tion and file a copy of such notice with the clerk.If there is a failure to comply with the requirementsof this rule, such affirmative defenses may not beraised. The judicial authority may for cause shownallow late filing of the notice or grant additionaltime to the parties to prepare for trial or makesuch other order as may be appropriate.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 758.)

Sec. 40-18. —Notice by Defendant of Inten-tion to Use Expert Testimony regardingMental State; Filing Reports of ExamIf a defendant intends to introduce expert testi-

mony relating to the affirmative defenses of men-tal disease or defect, or of extreme emotionaldisturbance or another condition bearing upon theissue of whether he or she had the mental staterequired for the offense charged, the defendantshall, not later than forty-five days after the firstpretrial conference in the court where the casewill be tried or at such later time as the judicialauthority may direct, notify the prosecuting author-ity in writing of such intention and file a copy ofsuch notice with the clerk. The defendant shallalso furnish the prosecuting authority with copiesof reports of physical or mental examinations ofthe defendant prepared by an expert whom thedefendant intends to call as a witness in connec-tion with the offense charged, within five daysafter receipt thereof. The judicial authority may forcause shown allow late filing of the notice or grantadditional time to the parties to prepare for trialor make such other order as may be appropriate.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 759.)

Sec. 40-19. —Prosecutorial Motion for Psy-chiatric ExaminationIn an appropriate case the judicial authority

may, upon motion of the prosecuting authority,order the defendant to submit to a psychiatricexamination by a psychiatrist designated for thispurpose by the prosecuting authority. No state-ment made by the defendant in the course of

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any examination provided for by Sections 40-17through 40-19, whether the examination shall bewith or without the consent of the defendant, shallbe admitted in evidence against the defendant onthe issue of guilt in any criminal proceeding. Acopy of the report of the psychiatric examinationshall be furnished to the defendant within five daysafter the receipt thereof by the prosecutingauthority.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 760.)

Sec. 40-20. —Failure of Expert to SubmitReportIf any expert fails to submit any written report

of the result of any physical or mental examinationconducted pursuant to Sections 40-17 through40-19 the judicial authority, upon request of theparty who engaged the expert, may issue anappropriate subpoena or order pursuant to Sec-tion 40-2 or may direct that the expert’s depositionbe taken pursuant to Sections 40-44 through40-58.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 760A.)

Sec. 40-21. Defense of Alibi; Notice byDefendantUpon written demand filed by the prosecuting

authority stating the time, date, and place at whichthe alleged offense was committed, the defendantshall file within twenty days, or at such other timeas the judicial authority may direct, a written noticeof the defendant’s intention to offer a defense ofalibi. Such notice by the defendant shall state thespecific place or places at which the defendantclaims to have been at the time of the allegedoffense and the names and addresses of the wit-nesses upon whom the defendant intends to relyto establish such alibi.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 763.)

Sec. 40-22. —Notice by Prosecuting Author-ity concerning Alibi DefenseIf the written notice has been filed pursuant to

Section 40-21, the prosecuting authority, withintwenty days after filing of the notice, but in noevent less than ten days before the trial unlessthe judicial authority otherwise directs, shall file awritten notice stating the names and addressesof the witnesses upon whom the state intends torely to establish the defendant’s presence at thescene of the alleged offense and any other wit-nesses to be relied upon to rebut testimony ofany of the defendant’s alibi witnesses.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 764.)

Sec. 40-23. —Continuing Duty of Parties toDisclose regarding Alibi DefenseIf prior to or during the trial, a party learns of

an additional witness whose identity, if known,


should have been included in the information fur-nished under Sections 40-21 or 40-22, the partyshall promptly notify the other party or his or hercounsel of the existence and identity of such addi-tional witness.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 765.)

Sec. 40-24. —ExceptionsFor good cause shown, the judicial authority

may grant an exception to any of the requirementsof Sections 40-21 through 40-23.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 767.)

Sec. 40-25. —Inadmissibility of WithdrawnAlibiEvidence of an intention to rely upon an alibi

defense which intention is later withdrawn, or evi-dence of statements made in connection withsuch intention, is not admissible in any criminalproceeding against the person who gave noticeof the intention.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 768.)

Sec. 40-26. Disclosure by the Defendant;Information and Materials Discoverable bythe Prosecuting Authority as of RightUpon written request by the prosecuting author-

ity filed in accordance with Section 41-5 and with-out requiring any order of the judicial authority,the defendant, subject to Section 40-40 et seq.,shall promptly, but no later than forty-five daysfrom the filing of the request, unless such time isextended by the judicial authority for good causeshown, disclose in writing to the prosecutingauthority the existence of and make available forexamination and copying in accordance with theprocedures of Section 40-7 the following items:

(1) Any books, papers, documents, photo-graphs or tangible objects which the defendantintends to offer in evidence at trial except to theextent that it contains any communication of thedefendant; and

(2) Any reports or statements of experts madein connection with the case, including results ofphysical or mental examinations and of scientifictests, experiments or comparisons, which thedefendant intends to offer in evidence at trial orrelating to the anticipated testimony of a personwhom the defendant intends to call as a witness.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 769.)

Sec. 40-27. Discretionary Disclosure Di-rected to DefendantUpon written request by a prosecuting authority

filed in accordance with Section 40-7 the judicialauthority may direct the defendant to disclose inwriting to the prosecuting authority and makeavailable for inspection, photographing, copying

348


and reasonable testing any other relevant materialand information not covered by Section 40-26which the judicial authority determines on goodcause shown should be made available.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 769A.)

Sec. 40-28. Derivative EvidenceThe defendant shall be supplied with copies of

any reports of experts derived from or based uponthe examination of materials produced pursuantto Section 40-26.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 770.)

Sec. 40-29. Protective Orders Requestedby DefendantThe defendant may, to the same extent as the

prosecuting authority, move for a protective orderunder the provisions of Sections 40-40 through40-43.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 771.)

Sec. 40-30. Admissibility at Time of TrialThe fact that the defendant has indicated an

intent to offer a matter in evidence or to call aperson as a witness pursuant to Sections 40-17through 40-31 is not admissible in evidence atthe defendant’s trial. Information obtained by theprosecuting authority pursuant to Sections 40-17through 40-31 shall be used only for the cross-examination or rebuttal of defense testimonyexcept with permission of the judicial authority forgood cause shown.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 772.)

Sec. 40-31. Information Not Subject to Dis-closure by DefendantSubject to Section 40-13 and except as to scien-

tific or medical reports, Sections 40-17 through40-31 do not authorize or require disclosure orinspection of:

(1) Reports, memoranda or other internaldefense documents made by the defendant, orcounsel for the defendant or any person employedby the defendant in connection with the investiga-tion or defense of the case;

(2) Legal research; or(3) Records, correspondence, reports or mem-

oranda to the extent that they contain the opinions,theories or conclusions of the defendant, counselfor the defendant, or any other person employedby the defendant in connection with the investiga-tion or defense of the case.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 773.)

Sec. 40-32. Obtaining Nontestimonial Evi-dence from DefendantUpon motion of the prosecuting authority, the

judicial authority by order may direct a defendant


to participate in a reasonably conducted proce-dure to obtain nontestimonial evidence, if the judi-cial authority finds probable cause to believe that:

(1) The evidence sought may be of material aidin determining whether the defendant committedthe offense charged; and

(2) The evidence sought cannot practicably beobtained from other sources.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 776.)

Sec. 40-33. —Emergency Procedure regard-ing Nontestimonial EvidenceUpon application of the prosecuting authority,

the judicial authority by order may direct a lawenforcement officer to bring the defendant forth-with before the judicial authority for an immediatehearing on a motion made under Sections 40-32through 40-39, if an affidavit or testimony showsthat there is probable cause to believe that theevidence sought will be altered, dissipated, or lostif not promptly obtained. Upon presentation of thedefendant, the judicial authority shall inform thedefendant of his or her rights as specified in Sec-tions 37-3 through 37-6 and shall afford thedefendant reasonable opportunity to consult withan attorney before hearing the motion.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 777.)

Sec. 40-34. —Scope of Order for Nontesti-monial EvidenceAn order under Sections 40-32 through 40-39

may direct the defendant to participate in one ormore of the following procedures:

(1) Appearing, moving, or speaking for identifi-cation in a lineup, but if a lineup is not practicable,then in some other reasonable procedure;

(2) Wearing clothing or other articles of personaluse or adornment;

(3) Providing handwriting and voice exemplars;(4) Submitting to the taking of photographs;(5) Submitting to the taking of fingerprints, palm

prints, footprints, and other body impressions;(6) Submitting to the taking of specimens of

saliva, breath, hair, and nails;(7) Submitting to body measurements or other

reasonable body surface examinations;(8) Submitting to the removal of foreign sub-

stances or objects from the surface of the body,if the removal does not involve an unreasonableintrusion of the body or an unreasonable affrontto the dignity of the individual;

(9) Submitting to the taking of specimens ofblood and urine, if the taking does not involve anunreasonable intrusion of the body or an unrea-sonable affront to the dignity of the individual;

(10) Submitting to physical examinations,including X-rays under medical supervision; or

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(11) Submitting to chemical or physical tests ofthe surface of the body which do not involve anunreasonable intrusion of the body or an unrea-sonable affront to the dignity of the individual ora significant risk of injury.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 778.)

Sec. 40-35. —Contents of OrderAn order under Sections 40-32 through 40-39

shall specify with particularity the authorized pro-cedure, the scope of the defendant’s participation,the time, duration, place, and other conditions ofthe procedure, and the person or persons whomay conduct it. It shall inform the defendant thathe or she may not be subjected to investigativeinterrogation while participating in or being pre-sent for the procedure, and that he or she maybe held in contempt of court by failing to appearand participate in the procedure as directed. Itmay also direct the defendant not to alter substan-tially any identifying physical characteristics to beexamined or to destroy any evidence sought.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 779.)

Sec. 40-36. —Service of OrderAn order under Sections 40-32 through 40-39

shall be served by delivering a copy of the orderto the defendant personally and to his or her coun-sel, if represented by counsel.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 780.)

Sec. 40-37. —Implementation of OrderAn order directing the defendant to participate

shall be implemented in the following manner:(1) While participating in or being present for

an authorized procedure, the defendant may beaccompanied by counsel and by an observer ofchoice. The presence of other persons at the pro-cedure may be limited as the judicial authoritydeems appropriate under the circumstances.

(2) The procedure shall be conducted with dis-patch. If the taking of a specimen or the removalof a foreign substance involves an intrusion ofthe body, medical or other qualified supervisionis required. Upon timely request of the defendantand approval by the judicial authority, the defend-ant may have a qualified physician designated bythe defendant in attendance.

(3) The defendant may not be subjected toinvestigative interrogation while participating in orbeing present for the procedure.

(4) Any evidence obtained from the defendantmay be used only with respect to the offensecharged or any related offense.

(5) The defendant shall be furnished with areport of the results of the procedure within fifteendays of its completion.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 781.)


Sec. 40-38. —Obtaining Nontestimonial Evi-dence from Defendant upon Motion ofDefendantUpon motion of a defendant who has been

arrested, summoned, or charged in a complaintor information, the judicial authority by order maydirect the prosecuting authority to arrange for thedefendant’s participation in one or more of theprocedures specified in Sections 40-32 through40-39, if the judicial authority finds that the evi-dence sought could contribute to an adequatedefense. The order shall specify with particularitythe authorized procedure, the scope of thedefendant’s permitted participation, the designa-tion of representatives of the prosecution who maybe present, the time, duration, place and otherconditions of the procedure, and the person orpersons who may conduct the procedure. Sec-tions 40-32 through 40-37 apply to proceduresordered under this section.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 782.)

Sec. 40-39. —Comparing NontestimonialEvidenceUpon motion of the defendant, the judicial

authority by order may direct a prosecutingauthority to have a scientific comparison madebetween a specified sample or specimen of non-testimonial evidence in the prosecuting authority’spossession or control and other nontestimonialevidence of a similar character in the prosecutingauthority’s possession or control, if the judicialauthority finds that the results of the comparisoncould contribute to an adequate defense. Theorder shall specify the comparison authorized, theperson or persons who may make it, and theappropriate conditions under which it is to bemade.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 783.)

Sec. 40-40. Protective Orders; ReliefUpon the filing of a motion for a protective order

by either party and after a hearing thereon, thejudicial authority may at any time order that dis-closure or inspection be denied, restricted ordeferred, or that reasonable conditions beimposed as to the manner of inspection, photo-graphing, copying or testing, to the extent neces-sary to protect the evidentiary values of anyinformation or material.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 785.)

Sec. 40-41. —Grounds for Protective OrderIn deciding the motion for a protective order the

judicial authority may consider the following:(1) The timeliness of the motion;

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(2) The protection of witnesses and others fromphysical harm, threats of harm, bribes, economicreprisals and other intimidation;

(3) The maintenance of secrecy regarding infor-mants as required for effective investigation ofcriminal activity;

(4) The protection of confidential relationships,privileges and communications recognized bylaw; and

(5) Any other relevant considerations.(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 786.)

Sec. 40-42. —In Camera ProceedingsUpon the hearing of any motion under Sections

40-40 through 40-43, the judicial authority maypermit all or part of any showing of cause fordenial or deferral of access to be made in cameraand out of the presence of the opposing party.Any in camera proceedings shall be recorded ver-batim. If the judicial authority allows any accessto be denied or deferred, the entire record of thein camera proceedings shall be sealed and pre-served in the court’s records, to be made availableto the appellate court in the event of an appeal.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 787.)

Sec. 40-43. —Excision as Protective OrderIf the moving party claims in a motion for a

protective order that a portion of any informationor materials requested or required to be disclosedis not subject to disclosure or inspection or con-tains irrelevant material, that party shall deliversuch information or materials to the judicialauthority for inspection in camera out of the pres-ence of the other party. If the judicial authorityexcises any portion of such information or materi-als, a record of the in camera proceedings shallbe made and sealed and preserved in the court’srecords, to be made available to the appellatecourt in the event of an appeal. That portion ofthe information or materials made available to theother party shall show that an excision hasbeen made.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 788.)

Sec. 40-44. Depositions; GroundsIn any case involving an offense for which the

punishment may be imprisonment for more thanone year the judicial authority, upon request ofany party, may issue a subpoena for the appear-ance of any person at a designated time and placeto give his or her deposition if such person’s testi-mony may be required at trial and it appears tothe judicial authority that such person:

(1) Will, because of physical or mental illnessor infirmity, be unable to be present to testify atany trial or hearing; or


(2) Resides outside of this state, and his or herpresence cannot be compelled under the provi-sions of General Statutes § 54-82i; or

(3) Will otherwise be unable to be present totestify at any trial or hearing; or

(4) Is an expert who has examined a defendantpursuant to Sections 40-17 through 40-19 andhas failed to file a written report as provided bysuch sections.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 791.)

Sec. 40-45. —Failure to Appear for Depo-sitionIf, after proper service within this state of a sub-

poena, the person subpoenaed fails to appear atthe designated place and time, the judicial author-ity may issue a capias directed to a proper officerto arrest and bring such person before the judi-cial authority.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 792.)

Sec. 40-46. —Use of DepositionSo far as otherwise admissible under the rules

of evidence, a deposition may be used as evi-dence at the trial or at any hearing if the deponentis unavailable, as defined in Section 40-56. Anydeposition may also be used by any party forthe purpose of contradicting or impeaching thetestimony of the deponent as a witness. If only apart of a deposition is offered in evidence by aparty, an adverse party may require such partyto offer, or may himself or herself offer, all of itwhich is relevant to the part offered.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 793.)

Sec. 40-47. —Notice and Person TakingDepositionThe party at whose request the deposition is to

be taken shall give the other parties reasonablewritten notice of the name and address of eachperson to be examined, the time and place forthe deposition, and the manner of recording. Thedeposition may be taken before any officer author-ized to administer oaths and agreed to by theparties or, absent such agreement, designated bythe judicial authority. Such notice shall be servedupon each party or each party’s attorney by per-sonal or abode service or by registered or certi-fied mail.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 794.)

Sec. 40-48. —Protective Order Prior toDepositionAfter a deposition is ordered, upon written

motion seasonably made and served on allaffected persons by a party or by the deponent,the judicial authority may for good cause shownchange the time, place, or manner of recording

351


the deposition, or order that it shall not be takenor that the scope of the examination shall be lim-ited to certain matters, or make any other orderwhich justice requires. Upon written demand ofthe objecting party or the deponent, the taking ofthe deposition shall be suspended for the timerequired to act upon the motion. In no event shallthe deposition of the defendant be taken withoutthe defendant’s consent.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 795.)

Sec. 40-49. —Manner of Taking DepositionThe witness shall be put on oath and a verbatim

record of his or her testimony shall be made. Thetestimony shall be taken stenographically andtranscribed, unless the judicial authority ordersotherwise. In the event that the judicial authorityorders that the testimony at a deposition berecorded by other than stenographic means, theorder shall designate the manner of recording,(such as by videotape) preserving, and filing thedeposition, and it may include other provisions toassure that the recorded testimony will be accu-rate and trustworthy. If such an order is made, aparty may nevertheless arrange to have a steno-graphic transcription made at his or her ownexpense.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 796.)

Sec. 40-50. —Scope of Examination atDepositionThe scope and manner of examination and

cross-examination shall be the same as thatallowed at trial. Each party having possession ofa statement of the deponent shall make the state-ment available to the other party for examinationand use at the taking of a deposition if such otherparty would be entitled to the statement at trial.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 797.)

Sec. 40-51. —Objections at DepositionsAll objections made at the time of the examina-

tion to the qualifications of the person taking thedeposition, or to the manner of taking it, or tothe questions or evidence presented, or to theconduct of any party, and any other objection tothe proceedings shall be recorded by the personbefore whom the deposition is taken.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 798.)

Sec. 40-52. —Protective Order during Depo-sition(a) At any time during the taking of the deposi-

tion, upon motion of a party or of the deponent,and upon a showing that the examination is beingconducted in bad faith, or in such manner as toannoy, embarrass, or oppress the deponent or aparty, or to elicit privileged testimony, the judicial


authority who ordered the deposition taken mayorder the person conducting the examinationimmediately to cease taking the deposition, or itmay limit the scope and manner of taking thedeposition by ordering:

(1) That certain matters not be inquired into, orthat the scope of the examination be limited tocertain matters; or

(2) That the examination be conducted with noone present except those persons designated bythe judicial authority.

(b) Upon demand of the objecting party or thedeponent, the taking of the deposition shall besuspended for the time necessary to act uponthe motion.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 799.)

Sec. 40-53. —Return of DepositionExcept as otherwise provided in these rules, or

as ordered by the judicial authority, depositionsshall be sealed by the authority taking them andreturned to the clerk of the court in which theprosecution is pending, who shall file such deposi-tions. Any deposition returned unsealed or withthe seal broken may be rejected by the judicialauthority who ordered its taking.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 800.)

Sec. 40-54. —Right of Defendant to Be Pre-sent and Represented at DepositionA defendant shall have the right to be present

in person at any deposition subject to such termsand conditions as may be established by the judi-cial authority. Upon the application for the takingof a deposition, the judicial authority shall adviseany defendant who is without counsel of the rightthereto and assign counsel to represent suchdefendant unless he or she elects to proceed with-out counsel or is able to obtain counsel.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 801.)

Sec. 40-55. —Waiver of Presence and Fail-ure to Appear at DepositionA defendant may waive, in writing, the right to

be present in person. Failure of a defendant notin custody, absent good cause shown, to appearafter notice, shall constitute a waiver of that rightand of any objection to the taking and use of thedeposition based upon that right. The depositionshall not be admissible in evidence if the defend-ant has not appeared in person and has not validly

352


waived his or her right to appear. When a deposi-tion is taken in the absence of the defendant,the prosecuting authority shall file a copy of thedeposition within thirty days for inspection by thedefendant, unless before that time he or she hasdelivered the deposition or a copy thereof to thedefendant. If this section is not complied with,such deposition shall not be admissible inevidence.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 802.)

Sec. 40-56. —Definition of Unavailable(a) ‘‘Unavailable’’ as used in Section 40-46

includes situations in which the deponent:(1) Is exempted by a ruling of the judicial author-

ity on the ground of privilege from testifying con-cerning the subject matter of his or her deposition;

(2) Persists in refusing to testify concerning thesubject matter of his or her deposition despite anorder of the judicial authority to do so;

(3) Testifies to a lack of memory of the subjectmatter of his or her deposition;

(4) Is unable to be present or to testify at a trialor hearing because of his or her death or physicalor mental illness or infirmity; or

(5) Is absent from the trial or hearing and theproponent of his or her deposition has beenunable to procure his or her attendance by sub-poena or by other reasonable means.

(b) A deponent is not unavailable as a witnessif his or her exemption, refusal, claim of lack ofmemory, inability, or absence is the result of theprocurement or wrongdoing by the proponent ofhis or her deposition for the purpose of preventingthe witness from attending or testifying.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 803.)

Sec. 40-57. —Taking and Use in Court ofDeposition by AgreementNothing in Sections 40-44 through 40-58 pre-

cludes the taking of a deposition, orally or uponwritten interrogatories, or the use of a depositionby agreement of the parties with the consent ofthe judicial authority.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 804.)

Sec. 40-58. —Expenses of Deposition andCopiesAll expenses incurred in the taking of a deposi-

tion, including a copy for each adverse party, butexcluding counsel’s fees, shall be paid by theparty taking the deposition.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 805.)


CHAPTER 41

PRETRIAL MOTIONS

Sec. Sec.41-1. Pretrial Motion Practice; Exclusive Procedures41-2. —Matters to Be Raised by Motion41-3. —Pretrial Motions and Requests41-4. —Failure to Raise Defense, Objection or Request41-5. —Time for Making Pretrial Motions or Requests41-6. —Form and Manner of Making Pretrial Motions41-7. —Hearing and Ruling on Pretrial Motions41-8. Motion to Dismiss41-9. —Restriction on Motion to Dismiss41-10. —Defects Not Requiring Dismissal41-11. —Remedies for Minor Defects Not Requiring Dis-

missal41-12. Motion to Suppress


Sec. 41-1. Pretrial Motion Practice; Exclu-sive ProceduresExcept as otherwise provided in these rules, all

motions to strike, motions to quash, motions todismiss, and other dilatory pleas are abolished,and defenses and objections which heretoforecould have been raised by one or more of themmay be raised only by motions made in conformitywith this chapter.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 807.)

Sec. 41-2. —Matters to Be Raised by MotionAny defense, objection or request capable of

determination without a trial of the general issuemay be raised only by a pretrial motion made inconformity with this chapter.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 808.)

Sec. 41-3. —Pretrial Motions and RequestsUnless otherwise provided by statute or rule, or

permitted by the judicial authority for good causeshown, pretrial motions and requests shall consistonly of one or more of the following:

(1) Motions to dismiss under Sections 41-8through 41-11;

(2) Motions and requests for discovery anddepositions under chapter 40;

(3) Motions to suppress evidence under Sec-tions 41-12 through 41-17;

(4) Motions for joinder or severance under Sec-tions 41-18 and 41-19;

(5) Motions for a bill of particulars under Sec-tions 41-20 through 41-22;

(6) Motions for transfer of prosecution underSections 41-23 through 41-25.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 809.)

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41-13. —Return and Suppression of Seized Property41-14. —Suppression of Intercepted Communications41-15. —Time for Filing Motion to Suppress41-16. —Effect on Seized Property of Granting Motion41-17. —Particular Judicial Authority May Not Hear Motion41-18. Severance of Offenses41-19. Trial Together of Informations41-20. Bill of Particulars; Time for Filing41-21. —Content of Bill41-22. —Furnishing of Bill41-23. Transfer of Prosecution; Grounds41-24. —Time for Motion to Transfer41-25. —Proceedings on Transfer

Sec. 41-4. —Failure to Raise Defense,Objection or RequestFailure by a party, at or within the time provided

by these rules, to raise defenses or objections orto make requests that must be made prior to trialshall constitute a waiver thereof, but a judicialauthority, for good cause shown, may grant relieffrom such waiver, provided, however, that lack ofjurisdiction over the offense charged or failure ofthe information to charge an offense may beraised by the defendant or noticed by the judicialauthority at any time during the pendency of theproceedings.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 810.)

Sec. 41-5. —Time for Making PretrialMotions or RequestsUnless otherwise provided by these rules or

statute, all pretrial motions or requests shall bemade not later than ten days after the first pretrialconference in the court where the case will betried, or, with permission of the judicial authority,at such later time as the judicial authority may fix.However, defenses and objections alleging lackof jurisdiction over the offense charged or failureof the information to charge an offense may beraised by the defendant or noticed by the judicialauthority at any time during the pendency of theproceedings.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 811.)

Sec. 41-6. —Form and Manner of MakingPretrial MotionsPretrial motions shall be written and served in

accordance with Sections 10-12 through 10-17


unless, for good cause shown, the judicial author-ity shall grant permission to make an oral pretrialmotion. Every written motion shall include a state-ment of the factual and legal or other basis there-for, shall state whether the same or a similarmotion was previously filed and ruled upon, andshall have annexed to it a proper order. Alldefenses and objections that must be raised bymotion prior to trial shall, to the extent possible,be raised at the same time.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 812.)

Sec. 41-7. —Hearing and Ruling on PretrialMotionsA motion made before trial shall be determined

prior to trial, unless the judicial authority ordersthat the ruling be deferred until during the trial ofthe general issue or until after the verdict. Unlessthe judicial authority otherwise permits, all pretrialmotions pending at the time for the hearing of anypretrial motion shall be heard at the same time.The judicial authority may order the filing of briefsprior to, at, or following such hearing. Where fac-tual issues are involved in determining a motion,the judicial authority shall state its essential find-ings on the record. A verbatim record shall bemade of all proceedings at a hearing on a pretrialmotion, including such findings of fact and conclu-sions of law as are made orally. All motions whichrequire an evidentiary hearing shall be heard bythe judicial authority to whom the case has beenassigned for trial, unless otherwise provided byrule or statute, or otherwise ordered by the presid-ing judge.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 813.)

Sec. 41-8. Motion to DismissThe following defenses or objections, if capable

of determination without a trial of the generalissue, shall, if made prior to trial, be raised by amotion to dismiss the information:

(1) Defects in the institution of the prosecutionincluding any grand jury proceedings;

(2) Defects in the information including failureto charge an offense;

(3) Statute of limitations;(4) Absence of jurisdiction of the court over the

defendant or the subject matter;(5) Insufficiency of evidence or cause to justify

the bringing or continuing of such information orthe placing of the defendant on trial;

(6) Previous prosecution barring the presentprosecution;

(7) Claim that the defendant has been denieda speedy trial;

(8) Claim that the law defining the offensecharged is unconstitutional or otherwise invalid; or

(9) Any other grounds.(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 815.)

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Sec. 41-9. —Restriction on Motion toDismissNo defendant who is charged with a crime pun-

ishable by death or life imprisonment for whichprobable cause has been found at a preliminaryhearing pursuant to General Statutes § 54-46a orwho has been arrested pursuant to a warrant maymake a motion under subdivisions (5) or (9) ofSection 41-8.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 816.)

Sec. 41-10. —Defects Not Requiring Dis-missalNo information shall be dismissed because of

any defect or imperfection in, or omission of, anymatter of form only, or because of any miswriting,misspelling or improper English, or because ofany use of a sign, symbol, figure or abbreviationor, because of any similar defect, imperfectionor omission. No information shall be dismissedmerely for misjoinder of parties accused, misjoin-der of offenses charged, multiplicity, duplicity oruncertainty, provided an offense is charged.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 817.)

Sec. 41-11. —Remedies for Minor DefectsNot Requiring DismissalIf the judicial authority determines that any of

the defects stated in Section 41-10 exist in anyinformation, it shall order such relief as is requiredto remedy such defect, including the severanceof such information into separate counts or thefiling of a bill of particulars. No appeal, or motionmade after verdict, based on any of the defectsenumerated in Section 41-10 shall be sustainedunless it is affirmatively shown that the defendantwas, in fact, prejudiced in his or her defense uponthe merits and that substantial injustice was doneto the defendant because of such defect.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 818.)

Sec. 41-12. Motion to SuppressUpon motion, the judicial authority shall sup-

press potential testimony or other evidence if itfinds that suppression is required under the con-stitution or laws of the United States or the stateof Connecticut.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 821.)

Sec. 41-13. —Return and Suppression ofSeized PropertyA person aggrieved by a search and seizure

may make a motion to the judicial authority whohas jurisdiction of the case, or if such jurisdictionhas not yet been invoked, then to the judicialauthority who issued the warrant or to the courtin which the case is pending, for the return of


specific items of property and to suppress theiruse as evidence on the grounds that:

(1) The property was illegally seized without awarrant under circumstances requiring a warrant;

(2) The warrant is insufficient on its face;(3) The property seized is not that described in

the warrant;(4) There was not probable cause for believing

the existence of the grounds on which the warrantwas issued; or

(5) The warrant was illegally executed.(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 822.)

Sec. 41-14. —Suppression of InterceptedCommunicationsAny aggrieved person in any trial, hearing or

proceeding in or before any court may move tosuppress the contents of any intercepted wirecommunication, or any evidence derived there-from, on the grounds that:

(1) The communication was unlawfully inter-cepted under the provisions of chapter 959a ofthe General Statutes;

(2) The order of authorization or approval underwhich it was intercepted is insufficient on its face;

(3) The interception was not made in conformitywith the order of authorization or approval; or

(4) The interception was otherwise illegal.(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 823.)

Sec. 41-15. —Time for Filing Motion toSuppressA motion under Sections 41-12 through 41-17

shall be made before trial or hearing in accord-ance with Section 41-5 unless opportunity therefordid not exist or the defendant or other movingparty was not aware of the grounds of the motion,in which case such motion may be made at anytime during the trial or the pendency of any pro-ceeding. The judicial authority in its discretion mayentertain such a motion at any time.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 824.)

Sec. 41-16. —Effect on Seized Property ofGranting MotionIf the judicial authority grants a motion made

under Sections 41-12 through 41-17, the propertyseized shall be returned unless the judicial author-ity finds that the property is subject to lawful deten-tion or destruction.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 825.)

Sec. 41-17. —Particular Judicial AuthorityMay Not Hear MotionA judicial authority who signed any warrant or

order for the seizure of property, testimony or evi-dence or for the interception of any communica-tions shall not preside at any hearing on a motionmade pertaining to such warrant or order.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 826.)

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Sec. 41-18. Severance of OffensesIf it appears that a defendant is prejudiced by

a joinder of offenses, the judicial authority may,upon its own motion or the motion of the defend-ant, order separate trials of the counts or providewhatever other relief justice may require.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 828.)

Sec. 41-19. Trial Together of InformationsThe judicial authority may, upon its own motion

or the motion of any party, order that two or moreinformations, whether against the same defend-ant or different defendants, be tried together.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 829.)

Sec. 41-20. Bill of Particulars; Time for FilingPursuant to Section 41-5, the defendant may

make a motion, or the judicial authority may orderat any time, that the prosecuting authority file abill of particulars.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 831.)

Sec. 41-21. —Content of BillThe judicial authority shall order that a bill of

particulars disclose information sufficient toenable the defendant to prepare the defense,including but not being limited to reasonablenotice of the crime charged and the date, time,and place of its commission.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 832.)

Sec. 41-22. —Furnishing of BillWhen any bill of particulars is ordered, an

amended or substitute information shall be filedincorporating its provisions.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 833.)

Sec. 41-23. Transfer of Prosecution;GroundsUpon motion of the prosecuting authority or the

defendant, or upon its own motion, the judicialauthority may order that any pending criminal mat-ter be transferred to any other court location:

(1) If the judicial authority is satisfied that a fairand impartial trial cannot be had where the caseis pending;

(2) If the defendant and the prosecuting author-ity consent; or

(3) Where the joint trial of informations isordered pursuant to Section 41-19 and the casesare pending in different judicial districts or geo-graphical areas.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 835.)

Sec. 41-24. —Time for Motion to TransferA motion for transfer of prosecution shall be

made within the time prescribed by Section 41-5for making pretrial motions.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 836.)


Sec. 41-25. —Proceedings on TransferThe clerk of the court in which such case is

pending shall transmit the original files and paperstherein, with a certificate of such transfer, to theclerk of the court to which such case is transferred,who shall at once enter it on the docket of such

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court. Such case may be heard at a session ofsuch court then being held, or thereafter to beheld, for the transaction of criminal business andmay be there proceeded with and in the samemanner as if it were originally brought to suchcourt.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 837.)


CHAPTER 42

TRIAL PROCEDURE

Sec. Sec.42-1. Jury Trials; Right to Jury Trial and Waiver42-2. —Two Part Information42-3. —Size of Jury42-4. —Challenge to Array42-5. —Disqualification of Jurors and Selection of Panel42-6. —View by Jury of Place or Thing Involved in Case42-7. —Communications between Judicial Authority

and Jury42-8. —Communications between Parties and Jurors42-9. —Juror Questions and Note Taking42-10. Selection of Jury; Deaf or Hearing Impaired Jurors42-11. —Preliminary Proceedings in Jury Selection42-12. —Voir Dire Examination42-13. —Peremptory Challenges42-14. —Oath and Admonitions to Trial Jurors42-15. Motion in Limine42-16. Requests to Charge and Exceptions; Necessity for42-17. —Filing Requests42-18. —Form and Contents of Requests to Charge42-19. —Charge Conference42-20. Submission for Verdict; Role of Judicial Authority

in Trial42-21. Jury Deliberations42-22. Sequestration of Jury42-23. Materials to Be Submitted to Jury42-24. Modification of Instructions for Correction or Clarifi-

cation42-25. —Other Instructions after Additional Instructions42-26. Jury Requests for Review of Testimony42-27. Jury Requests for Additional Instructions42-28. Deadlocked Jury


Sec. 42-1. Jury Trials; Right to Jury Trialand WaiverThe defendant in a criminal action may demand

a trial by jury of issues which are triable of rightby jury. If at the time the defendant is put to plea,he or she elects a trial by the court, the judicialauthority shall advise the defendant of his or herright to a trial by jury and that a failure to elect ajury trial at that time may constitute a waiver ofthat right. If the defendant does not then elect ajury trial, the defendant’s right thereto may bedeemed to have been waived.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 839.)

Sec. 42-2. —Two Part InformationWhen an information is divided into two parts

under Section 36-14, on a finding of guilty on thefirst part of the information, a plea shall be takenand, if necessary, election made on the secondpart and the trial thereon proceeded with. If the

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42-29. Verdict; Return of Verdict42-30. —Acceptance of Verdict42-31. —Poll of Jury after Verdict42-32. —Discharge of Jury42-33. —Impeachment of Verdict42-34. Trial without Jury42-35. Order of Parties Proceeding at Trial42-36. Sequestration of Witnesses42-37. Time Limits in Argument42-38. Order of Proceeding of Defendants42-39. Judicial Appointment of Expert Witnesses42-40. Motions for Judgment of Acquittal; In General42-41. —At Close of Prosecution’s Case42-42. —At Close of Evidence42-43. Motion for Mistrial; For Prejudice to Defendant42-44. —For Prejudice to State42-45. Jury’s Inability to Reach Verdict42-46. Control of Judicial Proceedings; Restraint of Dis-

ruptive Defendant42-47. —Removal of Disruptive Defendant42-48. —Cautioning Parties and Witnesses42-49. Closure of Courtroom in Criminal Cases42-49A. Sealing or Limiting Disclosure of Documents in

Criminal Cases42-50. Motion for Judgment of Acquittal; After Mistrial42-51. —Upon Verdict of Guilty42-52. —Time for Filing Motion for Judgment of Acquittal42-53. Motion for New Trial; In General42-54. —Time for Filing Motion for New Trial42-55. —Time for Filing Motion for New Trial Based on

Newly Discovered Evidence42-56. Motion in Arrest of Judgment

defendant elects a jury trial on the second part ofthe information, such trial may be had to the sameor to another jury as the judicial authority maydirect.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 840.)

Sec. 42-3. —Size of JuryThe parties, after submission of the matter to

the jury and prior to the verdict, may, by stipulationin writing and with the approval of the judicialauthority, elect to have the verdict rendered by anumber of jurors fewer than that prescribed bylaw. The judicial authority shall not permit suchan election or stipulation unless the defendant,after being advised by the judicial authority of hisor her right to a trial by a full jury, personally waivessuch right either in writing or in open court onthe record.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 841.)


Sec. 42-4. —Challenge to ArrayAny party may challenge an array on the ground

that there has been a material departure from therequirements of law governing the selection andsummoning of an array. Such challenge shall bemade within five days after notification of the hear-ing or trial date, unless the defect claimed hasarisen subsequent to the time required to makesuch motion.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 842.)

Sec. 42-5. —Disqualification of Jurors andSelection of PanelA person shall be disqualified to serve as a juror

if such person is found by the judicial authority toexhibit any quality which will impair that person’scapacity to serve as a juror, except that no personshall be disqualified on the basis of deafness orhearing impairment. The clerk shall keep a list ofall persons disqualified under this section andshall send a copy of that list to the jury administra-tor at such time as the jury administrator maydirect. The clerk of the court, in impaneling thejury for the trial of each cause, shall, when morejurors are in attendance than are required for thepanel, designate by lot those who shall composethe panel.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 843.)

Sec. 42-6. —View by Jury of Place or ThingInvolved in CaseWhen the judicial authority is of the opinion that

a viewing by the jury of the place where theoffense being tried was committed, or of any otherplace or thing involved in the case, will be helpfulto the jury in determining any material factualissue, it may in its discretion, at any time beforethe closing arguments, order that the jury be con-ducted to such place or location of such thing.During the viewing the jury must be kept togetherunder the supervision of a proper officer appointedby the judicial authority. The judicial authority anda court reporter must be present, and, with thejudicial authority’s permission, any other personmay be present. The prosecuting authority, thedefendant and defense counsel may as a matterof right be present, but the right may be waived.The purpose of viewing shall be solely to permitvisual observation by the jury of the place or thingin question and to permit a brief description of thesite or thing being viewed by the judicial authorityor by any witness or witnesses as allowed by thejudicial authority. Any proceedings at the location,including examination of witnesses, shall be atthe discretion of the judicial authority. Neither theparties nor counsel nor the jurors while viewingthe place or thing may engage in discussion of

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the significance or the implications of anythingunder observation or of any issue in the case.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 844.)

Sec. 42-7. —CommunicationsbetweenJudi-cial Authority and JuryAll communications from the jury to the judicial

authority shall be in writing. The judicial authorityshall require that a record be kept of all communi-cations received by it from a juror or the jury afterthe jury has been sworn, and it shall not communi-cate with a juror or the jury on any aspect of thecase itself, as distinguished from matters relatingto physical comforts and the like, except afternotice to all parties and reasonable opportunityfor them to be present.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 845.)

Sec. 42-8. —Communications between Par-ties and JurorsNo party, and no attorney, employee, represen-

tative or agent of any party or attorney, shall con-tact, communicate with or interview any juror oralternate juror, or any relative, friend or associateof any juror or alternate juror concerning the delib-erations or verdict of the jury or of any individualjuror or alternate juror in any action during trialuntil the jury has returned a verdict and/or thejury has been dismissed by the judicial authority,except upon leave of the judicial authority, whichshall be granted only upon the showing of goodcause. A violation of this section may be treatedas a contempt of court, and may be punishedaccordingly.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 845A.)

Sec. 42-9. —Juror Questions and NoteTakingThe members of the jury may, in the discretion

of the judicial authority, take notes and submitquestions to be asked of witnesses during the trialof a criminal action.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 845B.)

Sec. 42-10. Selection of Jury; Deaf or Hear-ing Impaired JurorsAt the request of a deaf or hearing impaired

juror or the judicial authority, an interpreter orinterpreters provided by the commission on thedeaf and hearing impaired and qualified underGeneral Statutes § 46a-33a shall assist such jurorduring the juror orientation program and all subse-quent proceedings, and when the jury assemblesfor deliberation.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 846A.) (Amended August 24, 2001,to take effect Jan. 1, 2002.)


Sec. 42-11. —Preliminary Proceedings inJury SelectionThe judicial authority shall cause prospective

jurors to be sworn or affirmed in accordance withGeneral Statutes §§ 1-23 and 1-25. The judicialauthority shall require counsel to make a prelimi-nary statement as to the names of other counselwith whom he or she is affiliated and other relevantfacts, and shall require counsel to disclose thenames, and if ordered by the judicial authority,the addresses of all witnesses counsel intends tocall at trial. The judicial authority may excuse anyprospective juror for cause.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 847.)

Sec. 42-12. —Voir Dire ExaminationEach party shall have the right to examine, per-

sonally or by counsel, each juror outside the pres-ence of other prospective jurors as toqualifications to sit as a juror in the action, or asto interest, if any, in the subject matter of theaction, or as to relations with the parties thereto.If the judicial authority before whom such exami-nation is held is of the opinion from such examina-tion that any juror would be unable to render afair and impartial verdict, such juror shall beexcused by the judicial authority from any furtherservice upon the panel, or in such action, as thejudicial authority determines. The right of suchexamination shall not be abridged by requiringquestions to be put to any juror in writing andsubmitted in advance of the commencement ofthe trial.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 848.)

Sec. 42-13. —Peremptory ChallengesThe prosecuting authority and the defendant

may challenge peremptorily the number of jurorswhich each is entitled to challenge by law.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 849.)

Sec. 42-14. —Oath and Admonitions toTrial Jurors(a) The judicial authority shall cause the jurors

selected for the trial to be sworn or affirmed inaccordance with General Statutes §§ 1-23 and 1-25. The judicial authority shall admonish the jurorsnot to read, listen to or view news reports of thecase or to discuss with each other or with anyperson not a member of the jury the cause underconsideration, except that after the case has beensubmitted to the jury for deliberation the jurorsshall discuss it among themselves in the juryroom.

(b) In the presence of the jury, the judicialauthority shall instruct any interpreter for a deafor hearing impaired juror to refrain from participat-ing in any manner in the deliberations of the jury

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and to refrain from having any communications,oral or visual, with any member of the jury exceptfor the literal translation of jurors’ remarks madeduring deliberations.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 850.)

Sec. 42-15. Motion in LimineThe judicial authority to whom a matter has

been referred for trial may in its discretion enter-tain a motion in limine made by either party regard-ing the admission or exclusion of anticipatedevidence. Such motion shall be in writing and shalldescribe the anticipated evidence and the preju-dice which may result therefrom. The judicialauthority may grant the relief sought in the motionor such other relief as it may deem appropriate,may deny the motion with or without prejudice toits later renewal, or may reserve decision thereonuntil a later time in the proceeding.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 850B.)

Sec. 42-16. Requests to Charge and Excep-tions; Necessity forAn appellate court shall not be bound to con-

sider error as to the giving of, or the failure togive, an instruction unless the matter is coveredby a written request to charge or exception hasbeen taken by the party appealing immediatelyafter the charge is delivered. Counsel taking theexception shall state distinctly the matter objectedto and the ground of exception. The exceptionshall be taken out of the hearing of the jury.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 852.)

Sec. 42-17. —Filing RequestsWritten requests to charge the jury must be filed

in triplicate with the clerk before the beginning ofthe arguments or at such earlier time during thetrial as the judicial authority directs, and the clerkshall file them and forthwith hand one copy to thejudicial authority and one to opposing counsel. Aparty’s requests to charge may be amended inwriting as a matter of right at any time prior to thebeginning of the charge conference.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 853.)

Sec. 42-18. —Form and Contents ofRequests to Charge(a) When there are several requests, they shall

be in separate and numbered paragraphs, eachcontaining a single proposition of law clearly andconcisely stated with the citation of authority uponwhich it is based, and the evidence to which theproposition would apply. Requests to chargeshould not exceed fifteen in number unless, forgood cause shown, the judicial authority permitsthe filing of an additional number. If the request


is granted, the judicial authority shall apply theproposition of law to the facts of the case.

(b) A principle of law should be stated in butone request and in but one way. Requestsattempting to state in different forms the sameprinciple of law as applied to a single issue areimproper.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 854.)

Sec. 42-19. —Charge ConferenceAfter the close of evidence but before argu-

ments to the jury, the judicial authority shall, ifrequested, inform counsel out of the presence ofthe jury of the substance of its proposedinstructions.

The charge conference shall be on the recordor summarized on the record.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 854A.) (Amended June 25, 2001,to take effect Jan. 1, 2002.)

Sec. 42-20. Submission for Verdict; Role ofJudicial Authority in TrialThe judicial authority shall decide all issues of

law and all questions of law arising in the trial ofcriminal cases. In committing the case to the jury,if in the opinion of the judicial authority the evi-dence is not sufficient to justify the finding of guiltbeyond a reasonable doubt, it may direct the juryto find a verdict of not guilty; otherwise, subjectto the provisions of Section 42-40, the judicialauthority shall submit the facts to the jury withoutdirecting how they are to find the facts or howthey are to render their verdict.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 855.)

Sec. 42-21. Jury DeliberationsAfter the case has been submitted to the jury,

the jury shall be in the custody of an officer whoshall permit no person to be present with them orto speak to them when assembled for delibera-tions except a qualified interpreter assisting a deafor hearing impaired juror. The jurors shall be kepttogether for deliberations as the judicial authorityreasonably directs. If the judicial authority permitsthe jury to recess their deliberations, it shalladmonish the jury not to discuss the case untilthey reconvene in the jury room. The judicialauthority shall direct the jury to select one of theirmembers to preside over the deliberations and todeliver any verdict agreed upon, and the judicialauthority shall admonish the jury that until theyare discharged in the case they may communicateupon subjects connected with the trial only whilethey are convened in the jury room. If written formsof verdict are submitted to the jury pursuant toSection 42-23, the member of the jury selected

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to deliver the verdict shall sign any verdictagreed upon.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 856.)

Sec. 42-22. Sequestration of JuryIf a case involves the penalty of capital punish-

ment or imprisonment for life or is of such notorietyor its issues are of such a nature that, absentsequestration, highly prejudicial matters are likelyto come to the jury’s attention, the judicial author-ity, upon its own motion or the motion of eitherparty, may order that the jury remain together inthe custody of an officer during the trial and untilthey are discharged from further consideration ofthe case. Such order shall include an interpreteror interpreters assisting a deaf or hearing impairedjuror. A motion to sequester may be made at anytime. The jury shall not be informed which partyrequested sequestration.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 857.)

Sec. 42-23. Materials to Be Submitted toJury(a) The judicial authority shall submit to the jury:(1) The information upon which the defendant

was tried; and(2) All exhibits received in evidence.(b) The judicial authority may, in its discretion,

submit to the jury:(1) Appropriate written forms of verdict;(2) A copy or tape recording of the judicial

authority’s instructions to the jury; and(3) Upon request by the jury, a copy or tape

recording of an appropriate portion of the judicialauthority’s instructions to the jury.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 858.)

Sec. 42-24. Modification of Instructions forCorrection or ClarificationThe judicial authority, after exceptions to the

charge, or upon its own motion, may recall thejury to the courtroom and give them additionalinstructions in order to:

(1) Correct or withdraw an erroneousinstruction;

(2) Clarify an ambiguous instruction; or(3) Instruct the jury on any matter which should

have been covered in the original instructions.(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 860.)

Sec. 42-25. —Other Instructions after Addi-tional InstructionsIf the judicial authority gives additional instruc-

tions, it also may give or repeat other instructionsin order to avoid undue emphasis on the additionalinstructions. Additional instructions shall be gov-erned by the procedures set forth in Section 42-16 concerning exceptions.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 861.)


Sec. 42-26. Jury Requests for Review ofTestimonyIf the jury after retiring for deliberations request

a review of certain testimony, they shall be con-ducted to the courtroom. Whenever the jury’srequest is reasonable, the judicial authority, afternotice to and consultation with the prosecutingauthority and counsel for the defense, shall havethe requested parts of the testimony read to thejury.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 863.)

Sec. 42-27. Jury Requests for AdditionalInstructionsIf the jury, after retiring for deliberations, request

additional instructions, the judicial authority, afterproviding notice to the parties and an opportunityfor suggestions by counsel, shall recall the juryto the courtroom and give additional instructionsnecessary to respond properly to the request orto direct the jury’s attention to a portion of theoriginal instructions.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 864.)

Sec. 42-28. Deadlocked JuryIf it appears to the judicial authority that the jury

have been unable to agree, it may require thejury to continue their deliberations. The judicialauthority shall not require or threaten to requirethe jury to deliberate for an unreasonable lengthof time or for unreasonable intervals. It may alsoinstruct the jury as to disagreements in accord-ance with the law.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 865.)

Sec. 42-29. Verdict; Return of VerdictThe verdict shall be general unless otherwise

directed by the judicial authority, but if the judicialauthority instructs the jury regarding the defenseof mental disease or defect, the jury, if they sofind, shall declare the finding in their verdict. Theverdict shall be unanimous and shall beannounced by the jury in open court. If there aretwo or more defendants, the jury may return averdict with respect to any defendant as to whomthey agree. The defendant, if found not guilty ofthe offense charged, may be found guilty of anoffense necessarily included in the offensecharged or of an attempt to commit either theoffense charged or an offense necessarilyincluded therein, if the attempt is an offense.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 867.)

Sec. 42-30. —Acceptance of VerdictThe judicial authority shall, if the verdict is in

order and is technically correct, accept it with-out comment.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 868.)

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Sec. 42-31. —Poll of Jury after VerdictAfter a verdict has been returned and before

the jury have been discharged, the jury shall bepolled at the request of any party or upon thejudicial authority’s own motion. The poll shall beconducted by the clerk of the court by asking eachjuror individually whether the verdict announcedis such juror’s verdict. If upon the poll there is notunanimous concurrence, the jury may be directedto retire for further deliberations or they may bedischarged.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 869.)

Sec. 42-32. —Discharge of JuryThe judicial authority shall discharge the jury

after they have rendered their verdict or after amistrial has been declared.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 870.)

Sec. 42-33. —Impeachment of VerdictUpon an inquiry into the validity of a verdict, no

evidence shall be received to show the effect ofany statement, conduct, event or condition uponthe mind of a juror nor any evidence concerningmental processes by which the verdict was deter-mined. Subject to these limitations, a juror’s testi-mony or affidavit shall be received when itconcerns any misconduct which by law permits ajury to be impeached.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 871.)

Sec. 42-34. Trial without JuryIn a case tried without a jury the judicial authority

shall, in accordance with Section 6-1, render afinding of guilty, not guilty, or not guilty by reasonof mental disease or defect where appropriate.


HISTORY—2009: In 2009, ‘‘, in accordance with Section6-1,’’ was inserted between ‘‘judicial authority shall’’ and ‘‘ren-der a finding of guilty.’’

COMMENTARY—2009: The above change makes thissection consistent with Section 6-1.

Sec. 42-35. Order of Parties Proceeding atTrialUnless the judicial authority for cause permits

otherwise, the parties shall proceed with the trialin the following order:

(1) The prosecuting authority shall present thecase in chief.

(2) The defendant may present a case in chief.(3) The prosecuting authority and the defendant

may present rebuttal evidence in successiverebuttals, as required. The judicial authority forcause may permit a party to present evidencenot of a rebuttal nature, and if the prosecutingauthority is permitted to present further evidence


in chief, the defendant may respond with furtherevidence in chief.

(4) The prosecuting authority shall be entitledto make the opening and final closing arguments.

(5) The defendant may make a single closingargument following the opening argument of theprosecuting authority.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 874.)

Sec. 42-36. Sequestration of WitnessesThe judicial authority upon motion of the prose-

cuting authority or of the defendant shall causeany witness to be sequestered during the hearingon any issue or motion or during any part of thetrial in which such witness is not testifying.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 876.)

Sec. 42-37. Time Limits in ArgumentCounsel shall not occupy more than one hour

in argument in any trial, unless the judicial author-ity, on motion for special cause before the com-mencement of such argument, allows counsel alonger time.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 879.)

Sec. 42-38. Order of Proceeding ofDefendantsIf there are two or more defendants and they

do not agree as to their order of proceeding, thejudicial authority shall determine their order.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 880.)

Sec. 42-39. Judicial Appointment of ExpertWitnessesWhenever the judicial authority deems it neces-

sary, on its own motion it may appoint any expertwitnesses of its own selection. An expert witnessshall not be appointed by the judicial authorityunless the expert consents to act. A witness soappointed shall be informed of his or her dutiesby the judicial authority in writing, a copy of whichshall be filed with the clerk, or the witness shallbe informed of his or her duties at a conferencein which the parties shall have an opportunity toparticipate. A witness so appointed shall advisethe parties of his or her findings, if any, and maythereafter be called to testify by the judicial author-ity or by any party. A witness so appointed shallbe subject to cross-examination by each party.The judicial authority may determine the reason-able compensation for such a witness and directpayment out of such funds as may be provided bylaw. This section shall not apply to appointmentsmade pursuant to General Statutes § 54-56d.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 881.)

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Sec. 42-40. Motions for Judgment of Acquit-tal; In GeneralMotions for a directed verdict of acquittal and

for dismissal when used during the course of a trialare abolished. Motions for a judgment of acquittalshall be used in their place. After the close of theprosecution’s case in chief or at the close of allthe evidence, upon motion of the defendant orupon its own motion, the judicial authority shallorder the entry of a judgment of acquittal as toany principal offense charged and as to any lesserincluded offense for which the evidence wouldnot reasonably permit a finding of guilty. Suchjudgment of acquittal shall not apply to any lesserincluded offense for which the evidence wouldreasonably permit a finding of guilty.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 883.)

Sec. 42-41. —At Close of Prosecution’sCaseIf the motion is made after the close of the

prosecution’s case in chief, the judicial authorityshall either grant or deny the motion before callingupon the defendant to present the defendant’scase in chief. If the motion is not granted, thedefendant may offer evidence without havingreserved the right to do so.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 884.)

Sec. 42-42. —At Close of EvidenceIf the motion is made at the close of all the

evidence in a jury case, the judicial authority mayreserve decision on the motion, submit the caseto the jury, and decide the motion either before thejury return a verdict or after they return a verdict ofguilty or after they are discharged without havingreturned a verdict.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 885.)

Sec. 42-43. Motion for Mistrial; For Preju-dice to DefendantUpon motion of a defendant, the judicial author-

ity may declare a mistrial at any time during thetrial if there occurs during the trial an error or legaldefect in the proceedings, or any conduct inside oroutside the courtroom which results in substantialand irreparable prejudice to the defendant’s case.If there are two or more defendants, the mistrialshall not be declared as to a defendant who doesnot make or join in the motion.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 887.)

Sec. 42-44. —For Prejudice to StateUpon motion of the prosecuting authority, the

judicial authority may declare a mistrial if thereoccurs during the trial, either inside or outside thecourtroom, misconduct by the defendant, counselfor the defendant, or someone acting at the


request of the defendant or such counsel, whichresults in substantial and irreparable prejudice tothe prosecuting authority’s case. If there are twoor more defendants, the mistrial shall not bedeclared as to a defendant if neither that defend-ant, nor counsel for that defendant, nor a personacting at the request of that defendant or counselfor that defendant participated in the misconduct,or if the prosecuting authority’s case is not sub-stantially and irreparably prejudiced as to thatdefendant.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 888.)

Sec. 42-45. Jury’s Inability to Reach VerdictThe judicial authority shall declare a mistrial in

any case in which the jury are unable to reacha verdict.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 889.)

Sec. 42-46. Control of Judicial Proceedings;Restraint of Disruptive Defendant(a) Reasonable means of restraint may be

employed if the judicial authority finds suchrestraint reasonably necessary to maintain order.If restraints appear potentially necessary and thecircumstances permit, the judicial authority mayconduct an evidentiary hearing outside the pres-ence of the jury before ordering such restraints.The judicial authority may rely on informationother than that formally admitted into evidence.Such information shall be placed on the recordoutside the presence of the jury and the defendantgiven an opportunity to respond to it.

(b) In ordering the use of restraints or denyinga request to remove them, the judicial authorityshall detail its reasons on the record outside thepresence of the jury. The nature and duration ofthe restraints employed shall be those reasonablynecessary under the circumstances. All reason-able efforts shall be employed to conceal suchrestraints from the view of the jurors. Uponrequest, the judicial authority shall instruct thejurors that restraint is not to be considered inassessing the evidence or in the determination ofthe case.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 892.)

Sec. 42-47. —Removal of DisruptiveDefendantUpon the direction of the judicial authority, a

defendant may be removed from the courtroomduring trial or hearing when the defendant’s con-duct has become so disruptive that the trial orhearing cannot proceed in an orderly manner. Thejudicial authority shall advise the defendant thatthe trial or hearing will continue in the defendant’sabsence. A defendant who has been removedshall remain present in the court building while

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the trial or hearing is in progress. At the time of thedefendant’s removal, the judicial authority shalladvise the defendant that the defendant mayrequest to be returned to the courtroom if, at thetime of making such request, the defendantassures the judicial authority that the defendantshall not engage in disruptive conduct. Wheneverthe defendant is removed, the judicial authorityshall instruct the jurors that such removal is notto be considered in assessing the evidence or inthe determination of the case.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 893.)

Sec. 42-48. —Cautioning Parties and Wit-nessesWhenever appropriate in the light of the issues

in the case or its notoriety, the judicial authoritymay direct the parties, their counsel and the wit-nesses not to make extrajudicial statements relat-ing to the case or the issues in the case fordissemination by any means of public communi-cation.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 894.)

Sec. 42-49. Closure of Courtroom in Crimi-nal Cases(Amended May 14, 2003, to take effect July 1, 2003.)(a) Except as otherwise provided by law, there

shall be a presumption that courtroom proceed-ings shall be open to the public.

(b) Except as provided in this section andexcept as otherwise provided by law, the judicialauthority shall not order that the public beexcluded from any portion of a courtroom pro-ceeding.

(c) Upon written motion of the prosecutingauthority or of the defendant, or upon its ownmotion, the judicial authority may order that thepublic be excluded from any portion of a court-room proceeding only if the judicial authority con-cludes that such order is necessary to preservean interest which is determined to override thepublic’s interest in attending such proceeding. Thejudicial authority shall first consider reasonablealternatives to any such order and any such ordershall be no broader than necessary to protectsuch overriding interest. An agreement of the par-ties to close the courtroom shall not constitute asufficient basis for the issuance of such an order.

(d) In connection with any order issued pursuantto subsection (c) of this section, the judicialauthority shall articulate the overriding interestbeing protected and shall specify its findingsunderlying such order. If any findings would revealinformation entitled to remain confidential, thosefindings may be set forth in a sealed portion ofthe record. The time, date and scope of any suchorder shall be set forth in a writing signed by the


judicial authority which upon issuance the courtclerk shall immediately enter in the court file andpublish by posting on a bulletin board adjacent tothe clerk’s office and accessible to the public. Thejudicial authority shall order that a transcript ofits decision be included in the file or prepare amemorandum setting forth the reasons for itsorder.

(e) A motion to close a courtroom proceedingshall be calendared so that notice to the public isgiven of the time and place of the hearing on themotion and to afford the public an opportunity tobe heard on the motion under consideration. Thenotice of the time, date and place of the hearingon the motion shall be posted on a bulletin boardadjacent to the clerk’s office and accessible to thepublic. The motion itself may be filed under seal,where appropriate, by leave of the judicialauthority.

(f) With the exception of orders concerning anysession of court conducted pursuant to GeneralStatutes § 54-76h or any other provision of theGeneral Statutes under which the court is author-ized to close courtroom proceedings, whether ata pretrial or trial stage, no order excluding thepublic from any portion of a courtroom proceedingshall be effective until seventy-two hours after ithas been issued. Any person affected by suchorder shall have the right to the review of suchorder by the filing of a petition for review with theappellate court within seventy-two hours from theissuance of such order. The timely filing of anypetition for review shall stay such order.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 895.) (Amended June 28, 1999, totake effect Jan. 1, 2000; amended May 14, 2003, to take effectJuly 1, 2003; amended June 21, 2004, to take effect Jan.1, 2005.)

HISTORY—2003: Prior to 2003, when both the title andtext were amended, Section 42-49 read: ‘‘—Exclusion of thePublic; Sealing or Limiting Disclosure of Documents

‘‘(a) Except as provided in this section and except asotherwise provided by law, including Sections 36-2, 40-29and 40-40 through 40-43 and General Statutes § 54-33c, thejudicial authority shall not order that the public, which mayinclude the news media, be excluded from any portion of acourt proceeding and shall not order that any files, affidavits,documents, or other materials on file with the court or filed inconnection with a court proceeding be sealed or their disclo-sure limited.

‘‘(b) Upon motion of the prosecuting authority or of thedefendant, or upon its own motion, the judicial authority mayorder that the public be excluded from any portion of a courtproceeding and may order that files, affidavits, documents orother materials on file with the court or filed in connection witha court proceeding be sealed or their disclosure limited if thejudicial authority concludes that such order is necessary topreserve an interest which is determined to override the pub-lic’s interest in attending such proceeding or in viewing suchmaterials. Any such order shall be no broader than necessaryto protect such overriding interest.

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‘‘(c) In connection with any order issued pursuant to subsec-tion (b) of this section, the judicial authority shall, on the recordin open court, articulate the overriding interest being protectedand shall specify its findings underlying such order. The timeand date of any such order shall be entered by the court clerkin the court file together with such order.

‘‘(d) With the exception of orders concerning any sessionof court conducted pursuant to General Statutes § 54-76h orany other provision of the General Statutes under which thecourt is authorized to close proceedings, whether at a pretrialor trial stage, no order excluding the public from any portionof a proceeding shall be effective until seventy-two hours afterit has been issued. Any person affected by such order shallhave the right to the review of such order by the filing of apetition for review with the appellate court within seventy-twohours from the issuance of such order. The timely filing of anypetition for review shall stay such order. (See General Statutes§ 51-164x.)

‘‘(e) With the exception of orders concerning the disclosureof any documents pursuant to General Statutes § 54-33c orany other provision of the General Statutes under which thecourt is authorized to seal or limit the disclosure of files, affida-vits, documents or materials, whether at a pretrial or trial stage,and any order issued pursuant to a court rule that seals orlimits the disclosure of any affidavit in support of an arrestwarrant, any person affected by a court order that seals orlimits the disclosure of any files, documents or other materialson file with the court or filed in connection with a court proceed-ing, shall have the right to the review of such order by thefiling of a petition for review with the appellate court withinseventy-two hours from the issuance of such order. Nothingunder this subsection shall operate as a stay of such seal-ing order.’’

COMMENTARY—2003: The public and press enjoy a rightof access to attend trials in criminal cases. Press-EnterpriseCo. v. Superior Court, 478 U.S. 1, 10, 106 S. Ct. 2735, 92 L.Ed. 2d 1 (1986) (Press-Enterprise II); Globe Newspaper Co.v. Superior Court, 457 U.S. 596, 606, 102 S. Ct. 2613, 73 L.Ed. 2d 248 (1982). This right is well settled in the commonlaw and has been held to be implicit in the first amendmentrights protecting the freedom of speech, of the press, of peace-able assembly and to petition the government for a redressof grievances. Globe Newspaper Co. v. Superior Court, supra,603; Richmond Newspapers, Inc. v. Virginia, 448 U.S. 555,575, 100 S. Ct. 2814, 65 L. Ed. 2d 973 (1980); see generallyPress-Enterprise II, supra, 6–13; see also In re Matter of theNew York Times Co., 828 F.2d 110, 113 (2d Cir. 1987). InRichmond Newspapers, Inc. v. Virginia, supra, 564, the courtexplained that ‘‘throughout its evolution, the trial has beenopen to all who care to observe.’’

The guarantee of open public proceedings in criminal trialsapplies as well to voir dire and pretrial proceedings. Press-Enterprise Co. v. Superior Court, 464 U.S. 501, 505, 104 S.Ct. 819, 78 L. Ed. 2d 248 (1984) (Press-Enterprise I); UnitedStates v. Cojab, 996 F.2d 1404, 1407 (2d Cir. 1993); UnitedStates v. Haller, 837 F.2d 84, 86 (2d Cir. 1988); United Statesv. Gerena, 703 F. Sup. 211, 213 (D. Conn. 1988). The pre-sumption of openness may be overcome only by an overridinginterest based on findings that closure is essential to preservehigher values and is narrowly tailored to serve that interest.The interest is to be articulated along with findings specificenough that a reviewing court can determine whether theclosure order was entered properly. Press-Enterprise I, supra,510; United States v. Haller, supra, 87; Doe v. Meachum, 126F.R.D. 452, 455 (D. Conn. 1989); State v. Kelly, 208 Conn.365, 372, 545 A.2d 1048 (1988). Such findings may be madeunder seal when necessary. United States v. Haller, supra,

SUPERIOR COURT—PROCEDURE IN CRIMINAL MATTERS Sec. 42-49A

87; see In re Application of the Herald Co., 734 F.2d 93,100 (2d Cir. 1984) (closure of suppression hearing should beallowed only upon showing of significant risk of prejudice todefendant’s right to fair trial, if there is danger to persons orproperty, or in connection with significant activities entitled toconfidentiality, such as undercover investigations); see alsoUnited States v. Brooklier, 685 F.2d 1162, 1168–69 (9th Cir.1982) (since purpose of articulated findings is to enable appel-late court to determine whether order was properly entered,findings must be sufficiently specific to show that public pro-ceedings would result in irreparable damage to defendant’sright to fair trial, that no alternative to closure would adequatelyprotect defendant’s right to fair trial, and that closure wouldprotect that right).

Since the circumstances of a particular case may affectthe significance of the interest sought to be protected, therequirement that specific findings justifying closure be articu-lated mandates a case-by-case analysis of the interestinvolved. Globe Newspaper Co. v. Superior Court, supra, 457U.S. 607–608 (where welfare of minor child is at issue, factorsto be weighed in determining whether closure is warrantedinclude minor victim’s age, psychological maturity and under-standing, nature of crime, desires of victim, and interests ofparents and relatives). A case-by-case analysis of the interestsinvolved ensures that the constitutional right of access to trialswill not be restricted except where absolutely necessary. Id.,609. ‘‘For a case-by-case approach to be meaningful, repre-sentatives of the press and general public ‘must be given anopportunity to be heard on the question of their exclusion.’’’Id., 609 n.25, quoting Gannett Co. v. DePasquale, 443 U.S.368, 401, 99 S. Ct. 2898, 61 L. Ed. 2d 608 (1979) (Powell,J., concurring). Except in extraordinary circumstances, thepress and public must have a means of learning of the closureor sealing order. See United States v. Haller, supra, 837 F.2d87. ‘‘[A] motion for courtroom closure should be docketed inthe public docket files maintained in the court clerk’s office. .. . The motion itself may be filed under seal, when appropriate,by leave of court . . . .’’ (Citation omitted.) In re Application ofthe Herald Co., supra, 734 F.2d 102; see also In re KnightPublishing Co., 743 F.2d 231, 235 (4th Cir. 1984); In re Knox-ville News-Sentinel Co., 723 F.2d 470, 474–76 (6th Cir. 1983).

Because this section no longer deals with the sealing ofdocuments, subsection (e) has been transferred to Section42-49A.

HISTORY—2005: Prior to 2005, the third sentence of sub-section (d) read: ‘‘The time, date and scope of any such ordershall be in writing and shall be signed by the judicial authorityand be entered by the court clerk in the court file.’’

COMMENTARY—2005: As used in subsection (a) above,the words ‘‘Except as otherwise provided by law’’ are intendedto exempt from the operation of this rule all established proce-dures for the closure of courtroom proceedings as requiredor permitted by statute; e.g., General Statutes §§ 19a-583 (a)(10) (D) (pertaining to court proceedings as to disclosure ofconfidential HIV-related information), 36a-21 (b) (pertaining tocourt proceedings at which certain records of the departmentof banking are disclosed), 46b-11 (pertaining to hearings infamily relations matters), 54-86c (b) (pertaining to the disclo-sure of exculpatory information or material), 54-86f (pertainingto the admissibility of evidence of sexual conduct) and 54-86g(pertaining to the testimony of a victim of child abuse); otherrules of practice; e.g., Practice Book Section 40-43; and/orcontrolling state or federal case law.

The above amendment to subsection (d) establishes amechanism by which the public and the press, who are empow-ered by this rule to object to pending motions to close thecourtroom in criminal matters, will receive timely notice of the

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court’s disposition of such motions. General Statutes § 51-164x (a) gives any person affected by a court closure orderin a criminal action the right to the review of such order by filinga petition for review with the appellate court within seventy-twohours from the issuance of the order.

Sec. 42-49A. Sealing or Limiting Disclosureof Documents in Criminal Cases(a) Except as otherwise provided by law, there

shall be a presumption that documents filed withthe court shall be available to the public.

(b) Except as provided in this section andexcept as otherwise provided by law, includingSections 36-2, 40-29 and 40-40 through 40-43and General Statutes § 54-33c, the judicialauthority shall not order that any files, affidavits,documents, or other materials on file with the courtor filed in connection with a court proceeding besealed or their disclosure limited.

(c) Upon written motion of the prosecutingauthority or of the defendant, or upon its ownmotion, the judicial authority may order that files,affidavits, documents, or other materials on file orlodged with the court or in connection with a courtproceeding be sealed or their disclosure limitedonly if the judicial authority concludes that suchorder is necessary to preserve an interest whichis determined to override the public’s interest inviewing such materials. The judicial authority shallfirst consider reasonable alternatives to any suchorder and any such order shall be no broader thannecessary to protect such overriding interest. Anagreement of the parties to seal or limit the disclo-sure of documents on file with the court or filedin connection with a court proceeding shall notconstitute a sufficient basis for the issuance ofsuch an order.

(d) In connection with any order issued pursuantto subsection (c) of this section, the judicialauthority shall articulate the overriding interestbeing protected and shall specify its findingsunderlying such order and the duration of suchorder. If any finding would reveal information enti-tled to remain confidential, those findings may beset forth in a sealed portion of the record. Thetime, date, scope and duration of any such ordershall be set forth in a writing signed by the judicialauthority which upon issuance the court clerk shallimmediately enter in the court file and publish byposting on a bulletin board adjacent to the clerk’soffice and accessible to the public. The judicialauthority shall order that a transcript of its decisionbe included in the file or prepare a memorandumsetting forth the reasons for its order.

(e) Except as otherwise ordered by the judicialauthority, a motion to seal or limit the disclosureof affidavits, documents, or other materials on fileor lodged with the court or in connection with a

SUPERIOR COURT—PROCEDURE IN CRIMINAL MATTERSSec. 42-49A

court proceeding shall be calendared so thatnotice to the public is given of the time and placeof the hearing on the motion and to afford thepublic an opportunity to be heard on the motionunder consideration. The notice of the time, dateand place of the hearing on the motion shall beposted on a bulletin board adjacent to the clerk’soffice and accessible to the public. The proce-dures set forth in Sections 7-4B and 7-4C shallbe followed in connection with a motion to fileaffidavits, documents or other materials underseal or to limit their disclosure.

(f) (1) A motion to seal the contents of an entirecourt file shall be placed on a calendar to be heldnot less than fifteen days following the filing ofthe motion, unless the judicial authority otherwisedirects, so that notice to the public is given of thetime and place of the hearing on the motion andto afford the public an opportunity to be heard onthe motion under consideration. The notice of thetime, date and place of the hearing on the motionshall be posted on a bulletin board adjacent tothe clerk’s office and accessible to the public. Theprocedures set forth in Sections 7-4B and 7-4Cshall be followed in connection with such motion.

(2) The judicial authority may issue an ordersealing the contents of an entire court file onlyupon a finding that there is not available a morenarrowly tailored method of protecting the overrid-ing interest, such as redaction or sealing a portionof the file. The judicial authority shall state in itsdecision or order each of the more narrowly tai-lored methods that was considered and the rea-son each such method was unavailable orinadequate.

(g) With the exception of orders concerning thedisclosure of any documents pursuant to GeneralStatutes § 54-33c or any other provision of theGeneral Statutes under which the court is author-ized to seal or limit the disclosure of files, affida-vits, documents, or materials, whether at a pretrialor trial stage, and any order issued pursuant to acourt rule that seals or limits the disclosure ofany affidavit in support of an arrest warrant, anyperson affected by a court order that seals or limitsthe disclosure of any files, documents, or othermaterials on file with the court or filed in connec-tion with a court proceeding, shall have the rightto the review of such order by the filing of a petitionfor review with the appellate court within seventy-two hours from the issuance of such order. Noth-ing under this subsection shall operate as a stayof such sealing order.

(h) The provisions of this section shall not applyto pretrial settlement conferences or negotiations

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or to documents submitted to the court in connec-tion with such conferences or negotiations.

(Adopted May 14, 2003, to take effect July 1, 2003;amended June 21, 2004, to take effect Jan. 1, 2005.)

COMMENTARY—2003: The public and press enjoy a rightof access to attend trials in criminal cases and to accessdocuments filed in connection with such cases. Press-Enter-prise Co. v. Superior Court, 478 U.S. 1, 10, 106 S. Ct. 2735,92 L. Ed. 2d 1 (1986) (Press-Enterprise II); Globe NewspaperCo. v. Superior Court, 457 U.S. 596, 606, 102 S. Ct. 2613,73 L. Ed. 2d 248 (1982); Associated Press v. United StatesDistrict Court, 705 F.2d 1143, 1145 (9th Cir. 1983); UnitedStates v. Gerena, 703 F. Sup. 211, 213 (D. Conn. 1988), citingIn re Matter of the New York Times Co., 828 F.2d 110, 114(2d Cir. 1987). This right is well settled in the common lawand has been held to be implicit in the first amendment rightsprotecting the freedom of speech, of the press, of peaceableassembly and to petition the government for a redress ofgrievances. Globe Newspaper Co. v. Superior Court, supra,604–605; Richmond Newspapers, Inc. v. Virginia, 448 U.S.555, 575, 100 S. Ct. 2814, 65 L. Ed. 2d 973 (1980); seegenerally Press-Enterprise II, supra, 6–13; see also In re Mat-ter of the New York Times Co., supra, 113; United States v.Gerena, supra, 213.

The right of access to documents is not absolute. UnitedStates v. Gerena, supra, 703 F. Sup. 213. The presumptionof openness may be overcome only by an overriding interestbased on findings that denying access is essential to preservehigher values and is narrowly tailored to serve that interest.The interest is to be articulated along with findings specificenough that a reviewing court can determine whether theclosure order was entered properly. Id., citing Press-EnterpriseII, supra, 478 U.S. 9–10; see also United States v. Haller, 837F.2d 84, 87 (2d Cir. 1988); Doe v. Meachum, 126 F.R.D. 452,455 (D. Conn. 1989); State v. Kelly, 208 Conn. 365, 372, 545A.2d 1048 (1988). Such findings may be made under sealwhen necessary. United States v. Haller, supra, 87.

Since the circumstances of a particular case may affectthe significance of the interest sought to be protected, therequirement that specific findings justifying closure or sealingbe articulated mandates a case-by-case analysis of the inter-est involved. Globe Newspaper Co. v. Superior Court, supra,457 U.S. 607–608; In re Knight Publishing Co., 743 F.2d 231,235 (4th Cir. 1984); see Publicker Industries, Inc. v. Cohen,733 F.2d 1059, 1070–71 (3d Cir. 1984). ‘‘For a case-by-caseapproach to be meaningful, representatives of the press andgeneral public ‘must be given an opportunity to be heard onthe question of their exclusion.’’’ Globe Newspaper Co. v.Superior Court, supra, 609 n.25, quoting Gannett Co. v.DePasquale, 443 U.S. 368, 401, 99 S. Ct. 2898, 61 L. Ed. 2d608 (1979) (Powell, J., concurring). Except in extraordinarycircumstances, the press and public must have a means oflearning of the closure or sealing order. See United States v.Haller, supra, 837 F.2d 87; In re Knight Publishing Co., supra,235. In In re the Application of the Herald Co., 734 F.2d 93,102 (2d Cir. 1984), the court stated that ‘‘a motion for courtroomclosure should be docketed in the public docket files main-tained in the court clerk’s office. . . . The motion itself may befiled under seal, when appropriate, by leave of the court . . ..’’ (Citation omitted.) See also In re Knight Publishing Co.,supra, 235; In re Knoxville News-Sentinel Co., 723 F.2d 470,474–76 (6th Cir. 1983).

It is intended that the use of pseudonyms in place of thename of a party or parties not be permitted in criminal matters.

HISTORY—2005: Prior to 2005, the third sentence of sub-section (d) read: ‘‘The time, date, scope and duration of any


such order shall forthwith be reduced to writing and be signedby the judicial authority and be entered by the court clerk inthe court file.’’

COMMENTARY—2005: As used in subsection (a) above,the words ‘‘Except as otherwise provided by law’’ are intendedto exempt from the operation of this rule all established proce-dures for the sealing or ex parte filing, in camera inspectionand/or nondisclosure to the public of documents, records andother materials, as required or permitted by statute; e.g., Gen-eral Statutes §§ 12-242vv (pertaining to taxpayer information),52-146c et seq. (pertaining to the disclosure of psychiatricrecords) and 54-56g (pertaining to the pretrial alcohol educa-tion program); other rules of practice; e.g., Practice Book Sec-tions 7-18, 13-5 (6)–(8) and 40-13 (c); and/or controlling stateor federal case law; e.g., Matza v. Matza, 226 Conn. 166,627 A.2d 414 (1993) (establishing a procedure whereby anattorney seeking to withdraw from a case due to his client’santicipated perjury at trial may support his motion to withdrawby filing a sealed affidavit for the court’s review).

The above amendment to subsection (d) establishes amechanism by which the public and the press, who are empow-ered by this rule to object to pending motions to seal files orlimit the disclosure of documents in criminal matters, willreceive timely notice of the court’s disposition of such motions.General Statutes § 51-164x (c) gives any person affected bya court order sealing a file or limiting the disclosure of a docu-ment in a criminal action the right to the review of such orderby filing a petition for review with the appellate court withinseventy-two hours from the issuance of the order.

The above section shall not apply to motions and ordersmade pursuant to General Statutes § 54-33c concerning thelimitation of the disclosure of affidavits in support of searchwarrant applications.

Sec. 42-50. Motion for Judgment of Acquit-tal; After MistrialUpon the declaration of a mistrial pursuant to

Sections 42-43 through 42-45, at any time afterthe close of the state’s case in chief, the judicialauthority, upon motion of the defendant or uponits own motion, may order the entry of a judgmentof acquittal as to any offense charged, or anylesser included offense, for which the evidencewould not reasonably permit a finding of guiltybeyond a reasonable doubt. The acquittal doesnot bar prosecution for any offense as to whichthe judicial authority does not direct an acquittal.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 898.)

Sec. 42-51. —Upon Verdict of GuiltyIf the jury return a verdict of guilty, the judicial

authority, upon motion of the defendant or uponits own motion, shall order the entry of a judgmentof acquittal as to any offense specified in the ver-dict, or any lesser included offense, for which theevidence does not reasonably permit a finding ofguilty beyond a reasonable doubt. If the judicialauthority directs an acquittal for the offense speci-fied in the verdict, but not for a lesser includedoffense, it may either:

(1) Modify the verdict accordingly; or

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(2) Grant the defendant a new trial as to thelesser included offense.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 899.)

Sec. 42-52. —Time for Filing Motion forJudgment of AcquittalUnless the judicial authority, in the interests of

justice, permits otherwise, a motion for a judgmentof acquittal shall be made within five days after amistrial or a verdict or within any further time thejudicial authority allows during the five-day period.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 900.)

Sec. 42-53. Motion for New Trial; In General(a) Upon motion of the defendant, the judicial

authority may grant a new trial if it is required inthe interests of justice. Unless the defendant’snoncompliance with these rules or with otherrequirements of law bars his or her asserting theerror, the judicial authority shall grant the motion:

(1) For an error by reason of which the defend-ant is constitutionally entitled to a new trial; or

(2) For any other error which the defendant canestablish was materially injurious to him or her.

(b) If the trial was by the court and without ajury, the judicial authority, with the defendant’sconsent and instead of granting a new trial, mayvacate any judgment entered, receive additionalevidence, and direct the entry of a new judgment.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 902.)

Sec. 42-54. —Time for Filing Motion forNew TrialUnless otherwise permitted by the judicial

authority in the interests of justice, a motion for anew trial shall be made within five days after averdict or finding of guilty or within any furthertime the judicial authority allows during the five-day period.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 903.)

Sec. 42-55. —Time for Filing Motion for NewTrial Based on Newly Discovered EvidenceA request for a new trial on the ground of newly

discovered evidence shall be called a petition fora new trial and shall be brought in accordance withGeneral Statutes § 52-270. The judicial authoritymay grant the petition even though an appealis pending.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 904.)

Sec. 42-56. Motion in Arrest of JudgmentOn motion of the defendant, the judicial author-

ity shall arrest judgment if the indictment or infor-mation does not charge an offense or if the judicialauthority was without jurisdiction of the offensecharged. The motion in arrest of judgment shallbe made prior to the imposition of sentence.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 905.)


CHAPTER 43

SENTENCING, JUDGMENT, AND APPEAL

Sec. Sec.43-1. Posttrial Release Following Appeal by Prosecut-

ing Authority43-2. Posttrial Release Following Conviction43-3. Presentence Investigation and Report; Waiver;

Alternative Incarceration and Plan43-4. —Scope of Investigation or Assessment43-5. —Participation of Defense Counsel in Report

Preparation43-6. —Period of Continuance to Complete Report43-7. —Persons Receiving Report43-8. —Prohibition against Making Copies43-9. —Use and Disclosure of Reports43-10. Sentencing Hearing; Procedures to Be Followed43-11. —Role at Sentencing of Prosecuting Authority43-12. —Role of Prosecuting Authority at Sentencing

when There Was a Plea Agreement43-13. —Familiarization with Report by Defense

Counsel43-14. —Correction of Report Indicated by Defense

Counsel43-15. —Undisclosed Plea Agreement43-16. —Submission of Supplementary Documents by

Defense Counsel43-17. Payment of Fines; Inquiry concerning Ability43-18. —Incarceration for Failure to Pay43-19. —Payment and Satisfaction43-20. —Mittimus43-21. Reduction of Definite Sentence


Sec. 43-1. Posttrial Release FollowingAppeal by Prosecuting AuthorityThe defendant shall not be denied liberty pend-

ing determination of an appeal by the state fromany judgment of acquittal or from any judgmentnot resulting in a sentence, the effect of which isto terminate prosecution.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 907.)

Sec. 43-2. Posttrial Release Following Con-viction(a) A person who has been convicted of any

offense and who either is awaiting sentence orhas given oral or written notice of his or her inten-tion to appeal or file a petition for certification ora writ of certiorari may be released, subject toGeneral Statutes § 54-95, pending final disposi-tion of his or her case upon sentence or appeal,unless the judicial authority finds custody to benecessary to provide reasonable assurance of theperson’s appearance in court, upon the first of the

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43-22. Correction of Illegal Sentence43-23. Sentence Review; Appearance of Counsel43-24. —Time for Filing Application for Sentence Review43-25. —Preparation of Documents by Clerk43-26. —Additional Material for Sentence Review43-27. —Hearing on Sentence Review Application43-28. —Scope of Review43-29. Revocation of Probation43-29A. Notice of Motions to Modify or Enlarge Conditions

of Probation or Conditional Discharge or Termi-nate Conditions of Probation or ConditionalDischarge

43-30. Notification of Right to Appeal43-31. Stay of Imprisonment upon Appeal43-32. Stay of Probation upon Appeal43-33. Appointment of Initial Counsel for Appeal by Indi-

gent Defendant43-34. Attorney’s Finding That Appeal is Wholly Frivo-

lous; Request by Initial Counsel To Withdraw43-35. —Submission of Brief43-36. —Finding That Appeal is Frivolous43-37. —Finding That Appeal is Not Frivolous43-38. —Disqualification of Presiding Judge43-39. Speedy Trial; Time Limitations43-40. —Excluded Time Periods in Determining

Speedy Trial43-41. —Motion for Speedy Trial; Dismissal43-42. —Definition of Commencement of Trial43-43. —Waiver of Speedy Trial Provisions

following conditions of release found sufficient bythe judicial authority to provide such assurance:

(1) His or her execution of a written promiseto appear;

(2) His or her execution of a bond without suretyin no greater amount than necessary;

(3) His or her execution of a bond with suretyin no greater amount than necessary;

(4) His or her deposit of a sum of money equalto the amount called for by the bond required bythe judicial authority;

(5) His or her pledge of real property, the equityof which shall be calculated, and be in such anamount, as set forth in Section 38-9.

(b) The judicial authority may order that thebond in effect at that time continue until the imposi-tion of sentence, and it may order an increase inthe amount of such bond. It shall also have author-ity to modify or revoke at any time the terms andconditions of release.

(c) The provisions of Section 38-7 shall applyto condition (4) herein, except that the cash bail


shall be deposited with the clerk of the court hav-ing jurisdiction of the offense with which such per-son stands convicted or any assistant clerk ofsuch court who is bonded in the same manner asthe clerk or any person or officer authorized toaccept bail.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 908.)

Sec. 43-3. Presentence Investigation andReport; Waiver; Alternative Incarcerationand Plan(a) If the defendant is convicted of a crime other

than a capital felony, the punishment for whichmay include imprisonment for more than one year,the judicial authority shall order a presentenceinvestigation, or the supplementation of anyexisting presentence investigation report. Thejudicial authority may, in its discretion, order apresentence investigation for a defendant con-victed of any crime or offense.

(b) A defendant who is convicted of a crimeand is not eligible for sentence review pursuantto General Statutes § 51-195 may, with the con-sent of the sentencing judge and the prosecutingauthority, waive the presentence investigation.

(c) Pursuant to General Statutes § 53a-39a, thejudicial authority may, in its discretion, order anassessment for placement in an alternate incar-ceration program to be conducted by the office ofadult probation.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 910.)

Sec. 43-4. —Scope of Investigation or As-sessment(a) Whenever an investigation is required or

an assessment is ordered or both, the probationofficer shall promptly inquire into the attitude ofthe complainant or the victim, or of the immediatefamily where possible in cases of homicide, andthe criminal record, social history and present con-dition of the defendant. Such investigation shallinclude an inquiry into the circumstances of theoffense and any damages suffered by the victim,including medical expenses, loss of earnings andproperty loss. Such assessment shall include aninquiry into the defendant’s prior participation inany release programs and the defendant’s atti-tude about participation in an alternate incarcera-tion program. When it is desirable in the opinion ofthe judicial authority or the investigating authority,such investigation or assessment shall include aphysical and mental examination of thedefendant.

(b) If an assessment includes a recommenda-tion for placement in an alternate incarcerationprogram, it shall include, as an attachment, a pro-posed alternate incarceration plan. A current orupdated presentence investigation report may be

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used in lieu of an alternate incarceration assess-ment report provided attached thereto is a state-ment by the investigating authority recommendingwhether or not the defendant should participatein an alternate incarceration program and any rec-ommendation that the defendant participateincludes a proposed alternate incarceration plan.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 911.)

Sec. 43-5. —Participation of Defense Coun-sel in Report PreparationDefense counsel, on a prompt request, shall be

notified of the time when the defendant shall beinterviewed by probation officers regarding a pre-sentence or alternate incarceration assessmentreport or both for the judicial authority and maybe present:

(1) To assist in answering inquiries of the proba-tion officer;

(2) To assist in resolving factual issues andquestions;

(3) To protect the defendant against incrimina-tion regarding other pending indictments or inves-tigations; and

(4) To protect the defendant’s rights withrespect to an appeal of conviction.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 912.)

Sec. 43-6. —Period of Continuance to Com-plete ReportWhen it is necessary to continue a case for

sentencing, the judicial authority may consider theperiod of time necessary to complete the investi-gation or assessment or both and report, and anyreasonable request, and shall set a date for sen-tencing accordingly.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 913.)

Sec. 43-7. —Persons Receiving ReportThe presentence investigation or alternate

incarceration assessment report or both shall beprovided to the judicial authority, and copiesthereof shall be provided to the prosecutingauthority and to the defendant or his or her coun-sel in sufficient time for them to prepare ade-quately for the sentencing hearing, and in anyevent, no less than forty-eight hours prior to thedate of the sentencing. Upon request of thedefendant, the sentencing hearing shall be contin-ued for a reasonable time if the judicial authorityfinds that the defendant or his or her counsel didnot receive the presentence investigation or alter-nate incarceration assessment report or bothwithin such time.



Sec. 43-8. —Prohibition against MakingCopiesNo person shall, without the permission of the

judicial authority, make or cause to be made anycopy of any presentence investigation or alternateincarceration assessment report except asauthorized by Sections 43-7 and 43-9.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 916.)

Sec. 43-9. —Use and Disclosure of ReportsThe presentence investigation and alternate

incarceration assessment reports shall not bepublic records and shall not be accessible to thepublic. They shall be available initially to the par-ties designated in Section 43-7 for use in thesentencing hearing and in any subsequent pro-ceedings wherein the same conviction may beinvolved, and they shall be available at all timesto the following:

(1) The office of adult probation;(2) The correctional or mental health institution

to which the defendant is committed or may becommitted;

(3) The board of pardons and paroles;(4) The sentence review division of the supe-

rior court;(5) The judicial review council;(6) Any court of proper jurisdiction where it is

relevant to any proceeding before such court.Such court may also order that the report be madeavailable to counsel for the parties for the purposeof such proceeding;

(7) Counsel for the defendant and the prosecut-ing authority during negotiations relating to otheroffenses pending against the defendant or subse-quently charged against the defendant;

(8) Counsel for the defendant in a sentencereview hearing or habeas corpus proceeding uponcounsel’s request to the department of adult pro-bation;

(9) Counsel for the defendant and the prosecut-ing authority in connection with extradition pro-ceedings; and

(10) Any other person or agency specified bystatute. The prosecuting authority and counsel forthe defendant shall retain a copy of the presen-tence investigation and alternate incarcerationreports and may use the same in connection withany matter pertaining to actions by the entitiesdefined in paragraphs (1) through (9) of this sec-tion, or for any other purpose for which permissionis first obtained from any judicial authority. In allother respects, both the prosecuting authority andcounsel for the defendant shall maintain the confi-dentiality of the information contained in therecords. A defendant may obtain a copy of thepresentence and alternate incarceration reports

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under proper application to a judicial authority inthe judicial district in which sentence wasimposed.


HISTORY—2009: In 2009, ‘‘office’’ was substituted for‘‘department’’ in paragraph (1). Prior to 2009, paragraph (3)read: ‘‘The board of parole.’’ What had been paragraph (4)became paragraph (3), and ‘‘and paroles’’ was added to theend of the newly designated paragraph (3). In 2009, whatwere paragraphs (5) through (11) became paragraphs (4)through (10). In the newly designated paragraph (10), thereference to ‘‘subdivisions (1) through (10)’’ was replaced with‘‘paragraphs (1) through (9).’’

COMMENTARY—2009: Paragraphs 3 and 4 are combinedto reflect that the board of pardons and the board of paroleswere combined into a single board effective July 1, 2004.Public Act 04-234; General Statutes § 54-124a.

Sec. 43-10. Sentencing Hearing; Proce-dures to Be FollowedBefore imposing a sentence or making any

other disposition after the acceptance of a pleaof guilty or nolo contendere or upon a verdict orfinding of guilty, the judicial authority shall, uponthe date previously determined for sentencing,conduct a sentencing hearing as follows:

(1) The judicial authority shall afford the partiesan opportunity to be heard and, in its discretion,to present evidence on any matter relevant tothe disposition, and to explain or controvert thepresentence investigation report, the alternateincarceration assessment report or any other doc-ument relied upon by the judicial authority inimposing sentence. When the judicial authorityfinds that any significant information contained inthe presentence report or alternate incarcerationassessment report is inaccurate, it shall order theoffice of adult probation to amend all copies ofany such report in its possession and in the clerk’sfile, and to provide both parties with an amend-ment containing the corrected information.

(2) The judicial authority shall allow the victimand any other person directly harmed by the com-mission of the crime a reasonable opportunity tomake, orally or in writing, a statement with regardto the sentence to be imposed.

(3) The judicial authority shall allow the defend-ant a reasonable opportunity to make a personalstatement in his or her own behalf and to presentany information in mitigation of the sentence.

(4) In cases where guilt was determined by aplea, the judicial authority shall, pursuant to Sec-tion 39-7, be informed by the parties whether thereis a plea agreement, and if so, the substancethereof.

(5) The judicial authority shall impose the sen-tence in the presence and hearing of the defend-ant, unless the defendant shall have waived hisor her right to be present.


(6) In cases where sentence review is available,the judicial authority shall state on the record, inthe presence of the defendant, the reasons forthe sentence imposed.

(7) In cases where sentence review is availableand where the defendant files an application forsuch review, the clerk shall promptly notify thecourt reporter of such application pursuant to Sec-tion 43-24 and the court reporter shall file a copyof the transcript of the sentencing hearing withthe review division within sixty days from the datethe application for review is filed with the clerk.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 919.)

Sec. 43-11. —Role at Sentencing of Prose-cuting AuthorityThe prosecuting authority shall inform the judi-

cial authority of the offenses for which the defend-ant is to be sentenced, shall give a briefsummation of the facts relevant to each offense,shall disclose to the judicial authority any informa-tion in the files of the prosecuting authority thatis favorable to the defendant and relevant to sen-tencing and shall state the basis for any recom-mendation which it chooses to make as to theappropriate sentence.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 921.)

Sec. 43-12. —Role of Prosecuting Authorityat Sentencing when There Was a PleaAgreementWhere, as part of a plea agreement, the prose-

cuting authority has agreed to make representa-tions or recommendations to the judicial authorityregarding a defendant, or has made otheragreements relating to the disposition of thecharges against the defendant, it shall discloseto the judicial authority such representations orrecommendations or any other terms of the pleaagreement relevant to sentencing.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 922.)

Sec. 43-13. —Familiarization with Report byDefense CounselDefense counsel shall familiarize himself or her-

self with the contents of the presentence or alter-nate incarceration assessment report or both,including any evaluative summary, and any spe-cial medical or psychiatric reports pertaining tothe client.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 924.)

Sec. 43-14. —Correction of Report Indicatedby Defense CounselDefense counsel shall bring to the attention of

the judicial authority any inaccuracy in the presen-tence or alternate incarceration assessment

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report of which he or she is aware or which thedefendant claims to exist.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 925.)

Sec. 43-15. —Undisclosed Plea AgreementDefense counsel shall disclose to the judicial

authority any plea agreement that has not alreadybeen disclosed.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 926.)

Sec. 43-16. —Submission of SupplementaryDocuments by Defense CounselDefense counsel may submit such supplemen-

tary documents as such counsel thinks appro-priate.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 927.)

Sec. 43-17. Payment of Fines; Inquiry con-cerning AbilityNo person shall be incarcerated as a result of

failure to pay a fine unless the judicial authorityfirst inquires as to the person’s ability to pay thefine.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 929.)

Sec. 43-18. —Incarceration for Failure toPayThe judicial authority may, upon a finding that

the defendant is able to pay the fine and that thenonpayment is wilful, order the defendant incar-cerated for nonpayment of the fine.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 931.)

Sec. 43-19. —Payment and SatisfactionA defendant incarcerated under Section 43-18,

for wilful nonpayment of a fine, shall be releasedupon payment of the fine or when such defendantis otherwise discharged according to law.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 932.)

Sec. 43-20. —MittimusWhen a defendant has been sentenced to a

term of imprisonment and ordered to pay a fine,the mittimus shall state that if the fine has notbeen paid by the time the sentence has beenserved the defendant may not continue to beincarcerated unless the judicial authority hasfound that the defendant is able to pay the fineand that the defendant’s nonpayment is wilful.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 932A.)

Sec. 43-21. Reduction of Definite SentenceAt any time during the period of a definite sen-

tence of three years or less, the judicial authoritymay, after a hearing and for good cause shown,reduce the sentence or order the defendant dis-charged or released on probation or on a condi-tional discharge for a period not to exceed that to


which the defendant could have been sen-tenced originally.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 934.)

Sec. 43-22. Correction of Illegal SentenceThe judicial authority may at any time correct

an illegal sentence or other illegal disposition, orit may correct a sentence imposed in an illegalmanner or any other disposition made in an ille-gal manner.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 935.)

Sec. 43-23. Sentence Review; Appearanceof CounselIt is the responsibility of the counsel of record

at the time of sentencing to represent the defend-ant at the hearing before the sentence reviewdivision of the superior court, unless, for excep-tional reasons, such counsel is excused by thedivision.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 937.)

Sec. 43-24. —Time for Filing Application forSentence ReviewIn cases where sentence review is available

pursuant to General Statutes § 51-195, thedefendant may file, within thirty days from thedate that sentence is imposed or from the datedefendant’s suspended sentence is revoked, withthe clerk of the court for the judicial district orgeographical area in which the judgment was ren-dered, an application for review of sentence by thereview division. The clerk shall notify the reviewdivision, the judge who imposed the sentence, thecourt reporter, and all counsel of record upon thefiling of the application for review. The courtreporter shall prepare a transcript of the sentenc-ing hearing in accordance with the provisions ofSection 43-10.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 938.)

Sec. 43-25. —Preparation of Documents byClerkThe clerk of the court in which the application

is filed shall forward the necessary documents tothe review division.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 939.)

Sec. 43-26. —Additional Material for Sen-tence ReviewThe defendant, at the time the application for

review is filed, may request the clerk to forwardto the review division any documents in the pos-session of the clerk previously presented to thejudicial authority at the time of the imposition ofsentence.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 940.)

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Sec. 43-27. —Hearing on Sentence ReviewApplicationA hearing upon an application filed under Sec-

tion 43-24 shall be conducted expeditiously uponreceipt by the review division of the materials sub-mitted by the clerk under Sections 43-23 through43-28. The parties may file such briefs or memo-randa as are appropriate to assist the division inthe discharge of its duties. Counsel for the defend-ant and the defendant shall address the panel ofjudges in support of the application. Upon requestof the defendant the review division shall hear hisor her application while an appeal or collateralreview is pending.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 941.)

Sec. 43-28. —Scope of ReviewThe review division shall review the sentence

imposed and determine whether the sentenceshould be modified because it is inappropriate ordisproportionate in the light of the nature of theoffense, the character of the offender, the protec-tion of the public interest, and the deterrent, reha-bilitative, isolative, and denunciatory purposes forwhich the sentence was intended.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 942.)

Sec. 43-29. Revocation of ProbationIn cases where the revocation of probation is

based upon a conviction for a new offense andthe defendant is before the court or is being held incustody pursuant to that conviction, the revocationproceeding may be initiated by a motion to thecourt by a probation officer and a copy thereofshall be delivered personally to the defendant. Allother proceedings for revocation of probation shallbe initiated by an arrest warrant supported byan affidavit or by testimony under oath showingprobable cause to believe that the defendant hasviolated any of the conditions of the defendant’sprobation or his or her conditional discharge orby a written notice to appear to answer to thecharge of such violation, which notice, signed bya judge of the superior court, shall be personallyserved upon the defendant by a probation officerand contain a statement of the alleged violation.All proceedings thereafter shall be in accordancewith the provisions of Sections 3-6, 3-9 and 37-1 through 38-23. At the revocation hearing, theprosecuting authority and the defendant may offerevidence and cross-examine witnesses. If thedefendant admits the violation or the judicialauthority finds from the evidence that the defend-ant committed the violation, the judicial authoritymay make any disposition authorized by law. Thefiling of a motion to revoke probation under thissection shall interrupt the period of the sentenceas of the date of filing until a final determination


as to revocation has been made by the judicialauthority.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 943.)

Sec. 43-29A. Notice of Motions to Modify orEnlarge Conditions of Probation or Condi-tional Discharge or Terminate Conditions ofProbation or Conditional DischargeWhenever a motion to modify or enlarge the

conditions of probation or conditional dischargeis filed, and whenever a motion for termination ofa sentence of probation or conditional dischargeis filed, such motion shall be served prior to thehearing date upon the opposing party and, if themovant is not a probation officer, the appropriateprobation officer, unless otherwise ordered by thejudicial authority. Service of said motions shall bemade on the defendant by delivering a copy tothe defendant personally or by leaving it at his orher usual place of abode. Service of said motionsmay be made by any probation officer. Service ofsaid motions shall be made on all other parties,and on the appropriate probation officer, inaccordance with the provisions of Section 10-12et seq.


Sec. 43-30. Notification of Right to AppealWhere there has been a conviction after a trial,

or where there has been an adverse decisionupon an application for a writ of habeas corpusbrought by or on behalf of one who has beenconvicted of a crime, it shall be the duty of theclerk of the court, immediately after the pro-nouncement of the sentence or the notice of adecision on the application for a writ of habeascorpus, to advise the defendant in writing of suchrights as such defendant may have to an appeal,of the time limitations involved, and of the right ofan indigent person who is unable to pay the costof an appeal to apply for a waiver of fees, costs,and expenses and for the appointment of counselto prosecute the appeal.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 945.)

Sec. 43-31. Stay of Imprisonment uponAppealA sentence of imprisonment shall be stayed if

an appeal is taken and the defendant is releasedpursuant to Sections 43-1 and 43-2 pending dis-position of the appeal, unless the judicial authorityshall order otherwise.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 947.)

Sec. 43-32. Stay of Probation upon AppealUpon written motion of the defendant, an order

placing the defendant on probation may be stayedif an appeal is taken. If it is not stayed, the judicial

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authority shall specify when the term of probationshall commence.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 948.)

Sec. 43-33. Appointment of Initial Counselfor Appeal by Indigent Defendant(a) An indigent defendant who wishes to prose-

cute his or her appeal may apply to the court fromwhich the appeal is taken for the appointment ofcounsel to prosecute the defendant’s appeal andfor a waiver of fees and costs, pursuant to Sec-tions 63-7 and 44-1 through 44-5.

(b) The application for a waiver of costs andfees must be sent for investigation of the appli-cant’s indigence to the public defender’s office inthe court from which the appeal is taken. Thejudicial authority shall assign the application forhearing within twenty days after filing unlessotherwise ordered by the judicial authority forgood cause shown. At least ten days before thehearing, the clerk’s office shall notify in writingtrial counsel, the state’s attorney, the trial publicdefender’s office to which the application hadbeen sent for investigation and the chief of legalservices of the public defender’s office, of the dateof such hearing. The lack of timely notification toany of the above parties shall result in a continu-ance of the hearing until proper and timely notifi-cation has been completed.

(c) The application for the appointment of coun-sel to prosecute the defendant’s appeal shall beassigned to the same date and hearing as theapplication for waiver of fees, costs and expenses,and the judicial authority shall decide both applica-tions at the same time. If trial counsel is not tobe the assigned appellate counsel, the judicialauthority shall inform and order trial counsel tocooperate fully with appellate counsel. If the chiefof legal services of the public defender’s office isto be assigned as appellate counsel, trial counselshall be deemed to have ‘‘cooperated fully’’ ifcounsel has delivered to the chief of legal ser-vices: a complete appellate worksheet, whichshall be provided by the chief of legal services;and trial counsel’s file or a copy thereof. Failureto fully cooperate with appellate counsel will resultin a short continuance of the applications forappellate counsel and for the waiver of fees, costsand expenses until cooperation is completed, or,if full cooperation is not completed within a reason-able time, sanctions against trial counsel maybe imposed.

(d) The judicial authority shall act promptly onthe applications following the hearing. Upon deter-mination by the judicial authority that a defendantin a criminal case is indigent, the court to whichthe fees required by statute or rule are to be paid


may (1) waive payment by the defendant of feesspecified by statute and of taxable costs, andwaive the requirement of Sec. 61-6 concerningthe furnishing of security for costs upon appeal,(2) order that the necessary expenses of prose-cuting the appeal be paid by the state, and (3)appoint appellate counsel and permit the with-drawal of the trial attorney’s appearance providedthe judicial authority is satisfied that that attorneyhas cooperated fully with appellate counsel in thepreparation of the defendant’s appeal.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 950.)

Sec. 43-34. Attorney’s Finding That Appealis Wholly Frivolous; Request by Initial Coun-sel To WithdrawWhen the defendant is represented at trial by

the public defender or has counsel appointed toprosecute the appeal under the provisions of Sec-tion 43-33 and such public defender or counsel,after a conscientious examination of the case,finds that such an appeal would be wholly frivo-lous, he or she shall advise the presiding judgeand request permission to withdraw from the case.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 952.)

Sec. 43-35. —Submission of BriefAt the time such request is made, counsel shall

submit to the presiding judge a brief which refersto anything in the record that might arguably sup-port the appeal. A copy of such brief shall beprovided to the defendant, and the defendant shallbe further allowed a reasonable time to raise, inwriting, additional points in support of the appeal.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 953.)

Sec. 43-36. —Finding That Appeal is Friv-olousThe presiding judge shall fully examine the

briefs of counsel and of the defendant, and shallreview the transcript of the trial. If, after suchexamination, the presiding judge concludes thatthe defendant’s appeal is wholly frivolous, suchjudge may grant counsel’s motion to withdraw andrefuse to appoint new counsel. Before refusing toappoint new counsel, the presiding judge shallmake a finding that the appeal is wholly frivolousand shall file a memorandum, setting forth thebasis for this finding.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 954.)

Sec. 43-37. —Finding That Appeal is NotFrivolousIf after a full examination pursuant to Section

43-36 the presiding judge concludes that thedefendant’s appeal is not wholly frivolous, suchjudge may allow counsel to withdraw and appointnew counsel to represent the defendant, or may

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order counsel of record to proceed with theappeal.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 955.)

Sec. 43-38. —Disqualification of PresidingJudgeAny presiding judge who was also the trial judge

shall refer the matter to the administrative judgein the judicial district for assignment to anotherjudicial authority. If such presiding judge is alsothe administrative judge, then the matter shall bereferred by the presiding judge to the chief admin-istrative judge for criminal matters for assignmentto another judicial authority.


Sec. 43-39. Speedy Trial; Time Limitations(a) Except as otherwise provided herein and in

Section 43-40, the trial of a defendant chargedwith a criminal offense during the period from July1, 1983, through June 30, 1985, inclusive, shallcommence within eighteen months from the filingof the information or from the date of the arrest,whichever is later.

(b) The trial of such defendant shall commencewithin twelve months from the filing of the informa-tion or from the date of the arrest, whichever islater, if the following conditions are met:

(1) the defendant has been continuously incar-cerated in a correctional institution of this statepending trial for such offense; and

(2) the defendant is not subject to the provisionsof General Statutes § 54-82c.

(c) Except as otherwise provided herein and inSection 43-40, the trial of a defendant chargedwith a criminal offense on or after July 1, 1985,shall commence within twelve months from thefiling of the information or from the date of thearrest, whichever is later.

(d) The trial of such defendant shall commencewithin eight months from the filing of the informa-tion or from the date of the arrest, whichever islater, if the following conditions are met:

(1) the defendant has been continuously incar-cerated in a correctional institution of this statepending trial for such offense; and

(2) the defendant is not subject to the provisionsof General Statutes § 54-82c.

(e) If an information which was dismissed bythe trial court is reinstated following an appeal,the time for trial set forth in subsections (a), (b)and (c) shall commence running from the date ofrelease of the final appellate decision thereon.

(f) If the defendant is to be tried following amistrial, an order for a new trial, an appeal orcollateral attack, the time for trial set forth in sub-sections (a), (b) and (c) shall commence running


from the date the order occasioning the retrialbecomes final.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 956B.)

Sec. 43-40. —Excluded Time Periods inDetermining Speedy TrialThe following periods of time shall be excluded

in computing the time within which the trial of adefendant charged by information with a criminaloffense must commence pursuant to Section43-39:

(1) Any period of delay resulting from other pro-ceedings concerning the defendant, including butnot limited to:

(A) delay resulting from any proceeding, includ-ing any examinations, to determine the mentalcompetency or physical capacity of the defendant;

(B) delay resulting from trial with respect toother charges against the defendant;

(C) delay resulting from any interlocutoryappeal;

(D) the time between the commencement of thehearing on any pretrial motion and the issuanceof a ruling on such motion;

(E) delay reasonably attributable to any period,not to exceed thirty days, during which any pro-ceeding concerning the defendant is actuallyunder advisement by the judicial authority;

(F) delay resulting from any proceeding underGeneral Statutes §§ 17a-685, 54-56e, 54-56g,54-56m or any other pretrial diversion programauthorized by statute.

(2) Any period of delay resulting from theabsence or unavailability of the defendant, coun-sel for the defendant, or any essential witness forthe prosecution or defense. For purposes of thissubdivision, a defendant or any essential witnessshall be considered absent when such person’swhereabouts are unknown and cannot be deter-mined by due diligence. For purposes of this sub-division, a defendant or any essential witnessshall be considered unavailable whenever suchperson’s whereabouts are known but his or herpresence for trial cannot be obtained by due dili-gence or he or she resists appearing at or beingreturned for trial.

(3) Any period of delay resulting from the factthat the defendant is mentally incompetent orphysically unable to stand trial.

(4) A reasonable period of delay when thedefendant has been joined for trial with a codefen-dant as to whom the time for trial has not run andno motion for severance has been granted.

(5) Any period of time between the date onwhich a defendant or counsel for the defendantand the prosecuting authority agree that thedefendant will plead guilty or nolo contendere to

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the charge and the date the judicial authorityaccepts or rejects the plea agreement.

(6) Any period of time between the date onwhich the defendant enters a plea of guilty or nolocontendere and the date an order of the judicialauthority permitting the withdrawal of the pleabecomes final.

(7) The period of delay resulting from a continu-ance granted by the judicial authority at the per-sonal request of the defendant.

(8) The period of delay resulting from a continu-ance granted by the judicial authority at therequest of the prosecuting authority, if:

(A) the continuance is granted because of theunavailability of evidence material to the state’scase, when the prosecuting authority has exer-cised due diligence to obtain such evidence andthere are reasonable grounds to believe that suchevidence will be available at a later date; or

(B) the continuance is granted to allow the pros-ecuting authority additional time to prepare thestate’s case and additional time is justifiedbecause of the exceptional circumstances ofthe case.

(9) With respect to a defendant incarcerated inanother jurisdiction, the period of time until thedefendant’s presence for trial has been obtained,provided the prosecuting authority has exercisedreasonable diligence (A) in seeking to obtain thedefendant’s presence for trial upon receipt of ademand from the defendant for trial, and (B) if thedefendant has not theretofore demanded trial, infiling a detainer with the official having custody ofthe defendant requesting that official to advise thedefendant of the defendant’s right to demand trial.

(10) Other periods of delay occasioned byexceptional circumstances.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 956C.)

Sec. 43-41. —Motion for Speedy Trial; Dis-missalIf the defendant is not brought to trial within the

applicable time limit set forth in Sections 43-39and 43-40, and, absent good cause shown, a trialis not commenced within thirty days of the filingof a motion for speedy trial by the defendant atany time after such time limit has passed, theinformation shall be dismissed with prejudice, onmotion of the defendant filed after the expirationof such thirty day period. For the purpose of thissection, good cause consists of any one of thereasons for delay set forth in Section 43-40. Whengood cause for delay exists, the trial shall com-mence as soon as is reasonably possible. Failureof the defendant to file a motion to dismiss prior


to the commencement of trial shall constitute awaiver of the right to dismissal under these rules.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 956D.)

Sec. 43-42. —Definition of Commencementof TrialFor purposes of Sections 43-39 through 43-41,

‘‘commencement of trial’’ means the commence-ment of the voir dire examination in jury cases

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and the swearing-in of the first witness in non-jury cases.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 956E.)

Sec. 43-43. —Waiver of Speedy Trial Pro-visionsThe provisions of Sections 43-39 through 43-

42 may be waived by any defendant in writing oron the record in open court.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 956F.)


CHAPTER 44

GENERAL PROVISIONS

Sec. Sec.44-1. Right to Counsel; Appointment in Specific

Instances44-2. —Appointment in Other Instances44-3. —Waiver of Right to Counsel44-4. —Standby Counsel for Defendant Self-Repre-

sented44-5. —Role of Standby Counsel44-6. —Standby Counsel for Disruptive Defendant44-7. Presence of Defendant; Attire of Incarcerated

Defendant or Witness44-8. —When Presence of Defendant is and is Not

Required at Trial and Sentencing44-9. —Obtaining Presence of Unexcused Defendant at

Trial or Sentencing44-10. —Where Presence of Defendant Not Required44-10A. —Where Presence of Defendant May Be by Means

of an Interactive Audiovisual Device44-11. Docketing and Scheduling in General of Criminal

Cases44-12. —Control of Scheduling44-13. —Scheduling for Proceedings before Trial; Contin-

uances44-14. —Assignments for Plea in Judicial District Court

Location44-15. —Scheduling at Entry of Plea44-16. —Scheduling from Trial List


Sec. 44-1. Right to Counsel; Appointment inSpecific InstancesA person who is charged with an offense pun-

ishable by imprisonment, or who is charged withviolation of probation, or who is a petitioner in anyhabeas corpus proceeding arising from a criminalmatter, or who is accused in any extradition pro-ceeding, and who is unable to obtain counsel byreason of indigency shall be entitled to have coun-sel represent him or her unless:

(1) The person waives such appointment pursu-ant to Section 44-3; or

(2) In a misdemeanor case, at the time of theapplication for the appointment of counsel, thejudicial authority decides to dispose of the chargewithout subjecting the defendant to a sentenceinvolving immediate incarceration or a suspendedsentence of incarceration with a period of proba-tion, or it believes that the disposition of the chargeat a later date will not result in such a sentenceand it makes a statement to that effect on therecord. If it appears to the judicial authority at alater date that if convicted the defendant will besubjected to such a sentence, counsel shall be

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44-17. —Motion to Advance44-18. —Continuances44-19. Reference to Judge Trial Referee44-20. Appointment of Guardian Ad Litem44-21. Infractions and Violations; When Treated as an

Offense44-22. —Form of Summons and Complaint for Infractions

and Violations44-23. —When Custody Not Required44-24. —When Custody Required44-25. —Plea of Nolo Contendere to Infraction or Violation44-26. —Pleas of Not Guilty to Infraction or Violation44-27. —Hearing of Infractions, Violations to Which Not

Guilty Plea Filed44-28. —Location of Infractions Bureau and Role of Clerks44-29. —Powers of Centralized Infractions Bureau44-30. —Hearing by Magistrates of Infractions and Certain

Motor Vehicle Violations44-31. Motion to Quash Subpoena Pursuant to Inquiry into

Commission of Crime44-32. Fees and Expenses; Return of Subpoenas44-33. —Indigent Witnesses44-34. —Fees for Witnesses44-35. —Officer’s Fees on Extradition; Habeas Corpus44-36. —Fee on Motion to Open Certain Judgments44-37. Definition of Terms

appointed prior to trial or the entry of a plea ofguilty or nolo contendere.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 959.)

Sec. 44-2. —Appointment in OtherInstancesIn any other situation in which a defendant is

unable to obtain counsel by reason of indigency,and is constitutionally or statutorily entitled to theassistance of counsel, such defendant mayrequest the judicial authority to appoint a publicdefender in accordance with Section 44-1.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 960.)

Sec. 44-3. —Waiver of Right to CounselA defendant shall be permitted to waive the

right to counsel and shall be permitted to repre-sent himself or herself at any stage of the proceed-ings, either prior to or following the appointmentof counsel. A waiver will be accepted only afterthe judicial authority makes a thorough inquiryand is satisfied that the defendant:

(1) Has been clearly advised of the right to theassistance of counsel, including the right to theassignment of counsel when so entitled;


(2) Possesses the intelligence and capacity toappreciate the consequences of the decision torepresent oneself;

(3) Comprehends the nature of the charges andproceedings, the range of permissible punish-ments, and any additional facts essential to abroad understanding of the case; and

(4) Has been made aware of the dangers anddisadvantages of self-representation.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 961.)

Sec. 44-4. —Standby Counsel for DefendantSelf-RepresentedWhen a defendant has been permitted to pro-

ceed without the assistance of counsel, the judi-cial authority may appoint standby counsel,especially in cases expected to be long or compli-cated or in which there are multiple defendants.A public defender or special public defender maybe appointed as standby counsel only if thedefendant is indigent and qualifies for appoint-ment of counsel under General Statutes § 51-296,except that in extraordinary circumstances thejudicial authority, in its discretion, may appoint aspecial public defender for a defendant who isnot indigent.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 963.)

Sec. 44-5. —Role of Standby CounselIf requested to do so by the defendant, the

standby counsel shall advise the defendant asto legal and procedural matters. If there is noobjection by the defendant, such counsel mayalso call the judicial authority’s attention to mattersfavorable to the defendant. Such counsel shallnot interfere with the defendant’s presentation ofthe case and may give advice only upon request.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 964.)

Sec. 44-6. —Standby Counsel for Disrup-tive DefendantUpon direction of the judicial authority in situa-

tions involving a disruptive defendant or one whohas been removed under Section 42-46, standbycounsel shall enter the case and represent thedefendant notwithstanding a previous waiverunder Section 44-3. If standby counsel is orderedto represent the defendant, counsel shall begranted reasonable time before proceeding withthe trial.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 965.)

Sec. 44-7. Presence of Defendant; Attire ofIncarcerated Defendant or WitnessThe defendant has the right to be present at the

arraignment, at the time of the plea, at evidentiaryhearings, at the trial, and at the sentencing hear-ing, except as provided in Sections 44-7 through

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44-10. Whenever present, the defendant shall beseated where he or she can effectively consultwith counsel and can see and hear the proceed-ings. An incarcerated defendant or an incarcer-ated witness shall not be required during thecourse of a trial to appear in court in the distinctiveattire of a prisoner or convict.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 967.)

Sec. 44-8. —When Presence of Defendant isand is Not Required at Trial and SentencingThe defendant must be present at the trial and

at the sentencing hearing, but, if the defendantwill be represented by counsel at the trial or sen-tencing hearing, the judicial authority may:

(1) Excuse the defendant from being presentat the trial or a part thereof or the sentencinghearing if the defendant waives the right to bepresent;

(2) Direct that the trial or a part thereof or thesentencing hearing be conducted in the defend-ant’s absence if the judicial authority determinesthat the defendant waived the right to be pre-sent; or

(3) Direct that the trial or a part thereof be con-ducted in the absence of the defendant if the judi-cial authority has justifiably excluded thedefendant from the courtroom because of his orher disruptive conduct, pursuant to Section 42-46.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 968.)

Sec. 44-9. —Obtaining Presence of Unex-cused Defendant at Trial or SentencingIf the defendant is not present at the trial or a

part thereof or the sentencing hearing and defend-ant’s absence has not been excused, the judicialauthority may issue a capias in accordance withthe provisions of Section 38-21.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 969.)

Sec. 44-10. —Where Presence of DefendantNot Required(a) Unless otherwise ordered by the judicial

authority, a defendant need not be present in thefollowing situations:

(1) In proceedings involving a corporation, acorporation being able to appear by counsel forall purposes;

(2) In prosecutions for offenses punishable bya fine in which the defendant pleads guilty or nolocontendere and pays the fine by mail;

(3) At any argument on a question of law or atany conference, except a disposition conferencepursuant to Section 39-13;

(4) In proceedings involving a reduction of asentence under Sections 43-21 and 43-22; and

(5) In proceedings in which the defendant other-wise waives his or her right to be present.


(b) If ordered to be present by the judicialauthority or if required to be present for a disposi-tion conference pursuant to subsection (a) (3) ofthis section, the presence of the defendant may,in the discretion of the judicial authority and, inthe case of such a disposition conference, withthe consent of the defendant, be made by meansof an interactive audiovisual device. Such audiovi-sual device must operate so that the defendant,his or her attorney, if any, and the judicial authoritycan see and communicate with each other simul-taneously. In addition, a procedure by which thedefendant and his or her attorney can confer inprivate must be provided.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 970.) (Amended December 19,2006, to take effect March 12, 2007.)

Sec. 44-10A. —Where Presence of Defend-ant May Be by Means of an InteractiveAudiovisual DeviceUnless otherwise ordered by the judicial author-

ity, and in the discretion of the judicial authority,a defendant may be present by means of an inter-active audiovisual device for the following pro-ceedings:

(1) Hearings concerning indigency pursuant toGeneral Statutes § 52-259b;

(2) Hearings concerning asset forfeiture, unlessthe testimony of witnesses is required;

(3) Hearings regarding seized property, unlessthe testimony of witnesses is required;

(4) With the defendant’s consent, bail modifica-tion hearings pursuant to Section 38-14; and

(5) With the defendant’s consent, sentencereview hearings pursuant to General Statutes§ 51-195.

Such audiovisual device must operate so thatthe defendant, his or her attorney, if any, and thejudicial authority can see and communicate witheach other simultaneously. In addition, a proce-dure by which the defendant and his or her attor-ney can confer in private must be provided.

(Adopted Dec. 19, 2006, to take effect March 12, 2007.)

Sec. 44-11. Docketing and Scheduling inGeneral of Criminal CasesUpon the return of an indictment or of a sum-

mons, or of a warrant previously issued by thejudicial authority, or upon receipt of notice of anarrest, the clerk of the court having jurisdiction ofthe case shall forthwith assign a number to thecase, enter it on the criminal docket or on otherappropriate documents, and make a file in con-nection therewith. Such clerk shall immediatelynotify the prosecuting authority of the numberassigned to the case.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 972.)

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Sec. 44-12. —Control of SchedulingThe judicial authority, acting through the clerk,

shall control the time and the manner of schedul-ing all proceedings in criminal cases and shallhave the cooperation of the prosecuting authorityand defense counsel in carrying out their respon-sibilities under Sections 44-11 and 44-12. Theclerk of the court shall file a written report withthe court periodically, as directed by the judicialauthority, indicating the age and the status of eachpending case, including whether the defendant isbeing held in custody pending trial and, if so, howlong he or she has been held in custody. Theclerk shall consult with the prosecuting authorityand defense counsel in matters of scheduling sothat such clerk may be aware of and advise thejudicial authority of any factors affecting theorderly movement of cases.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 973.)

Sec. 44-13. —Scheduling for Proceedingsbefore Trial; ContinuancesCases should be promptly assigned for arraign-

ments, motions and other preliminary proceed-ings so as not unduly to delay the progress of thecases or to exceed time limits for such proceed-ings set by rule or administrative directive. Ordi-narily, continuances for any preliminaryproceedings, when allowed under these rules,shall not exceed two weeks.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 975.)

Sec. 44-14. —Assignments for Plea in Judi-cial District Court LocationEach case pending in a judicial district court

location shall be assigned for a plea within twoweeks after it is placed on the list of pendingcases, unless the judicial authority shall orderotherwise.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 976.)

Sec. 44-15. —Scheduling at Entry of PleaUpon entry of a not guilty plea, the judicial

authority shall, whenever feasible, assign a datecertain for the trial of such case, and in jury cases,for a disposition conference pursuant to Sections39-11 through 39-13, and it shall advise all partiesthat they are to be prepared to proceed to trial orto a disposition conference on that date. If thesetting of a definite date at the time of the notguilty plea is not feasible, the case shall be placedon a trial list of pending cases which shall bemaintained by the clerk. Cases shall be placedon the trial list in the order in which the not guiltypleas were entered.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 977.)


Sec. 44-16. —Scheduling from Trial List(a) The judicial authority shall assign for trial on

dates certain so much of the trial list as shall bedeemed necessary for the proper conduct of thecourt and shall direct the clerk to distribute a listof the cases so assigned to the counsel of record.Cases shall be assigned for trial in the order inwhich they appear on the trial list and they shouldbe tried in the order in which they are assignedfor trial, except that the judicial authority maydepart from the listed order and may give priorityin assignment or trial to the following types ofcases:

(1) Cases in which the defendant is being heldin custody for lack of a bond;

(2) Cases in which the judicial authority hasgranted a motion for a speedy trial; or

(3) Cases in which the judicial authority reason-ably believes that the pretrial liberty of the defend-ant presents unusual risks over those of othercriminal cases.

(b) The judicial authority shall not assign for trialon a date certain a number of cases greater thanthat which can be reasonably expected to bereached for trial on that date, based on the court’sresources for trial and the number and percentageof trials generally conducted.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 978.)

Sec. 44-17. —Motion to AdvanceUpon motion of a party and a showing of good

cause, the judicial authority may advance a casefor trial prior to the time when it would ordinarilybe assigned.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 979.)

Sec. 44-18. —ContinuancesExcept for the defendant’s arraignment pursu-

ant to Sections 37-1 through 37-12, continuancesmay be granted only by the judicial authority orwith the judicial authority’s explicit approval.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 981.)

Sec. 44-19. Reference to Judge Trial RefereeThe judicial authority may, with the consent of

the parties or their attorneys, refer any criminalcase to a judge trial referee who shall have andexercise the powers of the superior court inrespect to trial, judgment, sentencing and appealin the case, except that the judicial authority may,without the consent of the parties or their attor-neys, (A) refer any criminal case, other than acriminal jury trial, to a judge trial referee assignedto a geographical area criminal court session, and(B) refer any criminal case, other than a class Aor B felony or capital felony, to a judge trial refereeto preside over the jury selection process andany voir dire examination conducted in such case,

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unless good cause is shown not to refer. Any casereferred to a judge trial referee shall be deemedto have been referred for all further proceedings,judgment and sentencing, including matters per-taining to any appeal therefrom unless otherwiseordered before or after the reference.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 997A.) (Amended June 20, 2005,to take effect Jan. 1, 2006.)

Sec. 44-20. Appointment of Guardian AdLitem(a) In any criminal proceeding involving an

abused or neglected minor child, a guardian adlitem shall be appointed. The judicial authoritymay also appoint a guardian ad litem for a minorinvolved in any other criminal proceedings, includ-ing those in which the minor resides with and isthe victim of a person arrested or charged with acriminal offense, those in which the minor residesin the same household as the victim and thedefendant, or those in which the minor is thedefendant. Unless the judicial authority orders thatanother person be appointed guardian ad litem,the family relations counselor or family relationscaseworker shall be designated as guardian adlitem.

(b) If the guardian ad litem is not the familyrelations counselor or family relations case-worker, the judicial authority may order compen-sation for the services rendered in accordancewith the established Judicial Branch fee schedule.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 998.)

Sec. 44-21. Infractions and Violations;When Treated as an OffensePursuant to subdivision (4) of Section 44-37,

infractions and violations are included in the gen-eral definition of ‘‘offense,’’ and, except as distin-guished in Sections 44-21 through 44-29, theyare treated as any other offense under these rules.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 1000.)

Sec. 44-22. —Form of Summons and Com-plaint for Infractions and ViolationsIn all infractions and violations a summons and

complaint shall, insofar as applicable, be used inthe form designated in Section 36-7.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 1002.)

Sec. 44-23. —When Custody Not Required(a) Except for those offenses listed in Section

44-24, and as provided in subsection (b) herein,a resident of the state of Connecticut or of a statethat is a signatory with Connecticut of a no-bailcompact, who has been arrested for a violationof any statute relating to motor vehicles, shall beissued a summons and complaint, and may, inthe discretion of the law enforcement officer, be


released without bail on his or her promise toappear.

(b) Any resident of the state of Connecticut whois charged with an infraction or violation payableby mail pursuant to statute, and any resident ofa state that is a signatory with Connecticut of ano-bail compact who is charged with an infractioninvolving a motor vehicle or with a violation ofGeneral Statutes § 14-219(e), shall not be takeninto custody, but shall be issued a summons andcomplaint and follow the procedure set forth inSections 44-25 through 44-27.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 1004.)

Sec. 44-24. —When Custody Required(a) Any person charged with an infraction or

with a violation, whether or not payable by mailpursuant to statute, who is not a resident of thestate of Connecticut or of a state that is a signatorywith Connecticut of a no-bail compact shall betaken into custody.

(b) In the following offenses, the defendant,whether or not a resident of this state, shall betaken into custody:

(1) Driving while under the influence of intoxicat-ing liquor or drugs;

(2) Using a motor vehicle without the permissionof the owner;

(3) Evading responsibility;(4) Any offenses involving an accident resulting

in death; or(5) Any felonies.(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 1005.)

Sec. 44-25. —Plea of Nolo Contendere toInfraction or ViolationAny resident of Connecticut or of a state that is

a signatory with Connecticut of a no-bail compactwho is charged with any infraction or with anyviolation which is payable by mail pursuant to stat-ute may pay the penalty, either by mail or in per-son, to the centralized infractions bureau at theaddress set forth on the complaint on or beforethe answer date designated in the complaint or,if the case is pending at a court location, may paythe penalty by mail or in person at such courtlocation. The payment of the fine shall be consid-ered a plea of nolo contendere and shall be inad-missible in any proceeding, criminal or civil, toestablish the conduct of the person making suchpayment, except for any administrative sanctionsimposed by the commissioner of motor vehiclespursuant to title 14 of the General Statutes.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 1007.)

Sec. 44-26. —Pleas of Not Guilty to Infrac-tion or ViolationPleas of not guilty for infractions and for viola-

tions which are payable by mail pursuant to statute

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may be accepted only at the centralized infrac-tions bureau and at those locations authorized bythe General Statutes.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 1008.)

Sec. 44-27. —Hearing of Infractions, Viola-tions to Which Not Guilty Plea Filed(a) Upon entry of a plea of not guilty to an

infraction or to a violation which is payable by mailpursuant to statute, the clerk shall file such pleaand forthwith transmit the file to the prosecutingauthority for review.

(b) Unless a nolle prosequi or a dismissal isentered in the matter within ten days of the filingof a not guilty plea, the clerk shall schedule ahearing and shall send the defendant a writtennotice of the date, time and place of such hearing.

(c) Hearings shall be conducted in accordancewith the criminal rules of evidence and with theprovisions of chapter 42 insofar as the provisionsof that chapter are applicable.

(d) A nolle prosequi or a dismissal may beentered in the absence of the defendant. In theevent a nolle prosequi or a dismissal is enteredin the matter, the clerk shall send a written noticeof such disposition to any defendant who was notbefore the court at the time of such disposition.The entry of a nolle prosequi hereunder shall notoperate as a waiver of the defendant’s right there-after to seek a dismissal pursuant to Section39-30.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 1008A.)

Sec. 44-28. —Location of Infractions Bureauand Role of Clerks(a) There shall be a centralized infractions

bureau of the superior court to handle paymentsor pleas of not guilty with respect to the commis-sion of infractions and of violations which are pay-able by mail pursuant to statute.

(b) For the purpose of processing such matterswhich are not finally disposed at the centralizedinfractions bureau, the principal clerk’s office ofthe superior court in each geographical area shallbe the infractions bureau for such geographicalarea. The judges of the superior court may estab-lish such other bureaus when and where they maydeem them necessary and they may designatethe clerks or the assistant clerks of the court, orany other appropriate persons, as clerks of suchbureaus. If no other person is so designated bythe judges, the clerk of the superior court for thegeographical area shall be the clerk of each infrac-tions bureau in that geographical area.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 1010.)


Sec. 44-29. —Powers of Centralized Infrac-tions BureauSubject to the limitations in Sections 44-25 and

44-26, the centralized infractions bureau shallhave the power to accept a plea of nolo conten-dere and the payment of fines in cases whichhave been designated by statute as infractions oras violations which are payable by mail.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 1011.)

Sec. 44-30. —Hearing by Magistrates ofInfractions and Certain Motor Vehicle Vio-lations(a) Infractions and motor vehicle violations

which may be submitted to a magistrate pursuantto statute may be heard by magistrates in thosecourt locations where a magistrate has beenappointed by the chief court administrator, exceptthat magistrates may not conduct jury trials.

(b) Hearings by magistrates shall be conductedin accordance with the criminal rules of evidenceand with the provisions of chapter 42 insofar asthe provisions of that chapter are applicable. Amagistrate shall sign all orders the magistrateissues, such signature to be followed by theword ‘‘magistrate.’’

(c) A decision of the magistrate, including anypenalty imposed, shall become a judgment of thecourt if no demand for a trial de novo is filed. Suchdecision of the magistrate shall become null andvoid if a timely demand for a trial de novo is filed.A demand for a trial de novo shall be filed withthe court clerk within five days of the date thedecision was rendered by the magistrate and, iffiled by the prosecuting authority, it shall includea certification that a copy thereof has been servedon the defendant or his or her attorney, in accord-ance with the rules of practice.

(d) If the defendant is charged with more thanone offense, and not all such offenses are motorvehicle violations within the jurisdiction of a magis-trate, a judicial authority shall hear and decidesuch case.

(e) This section shall be inapplicable at anycourt location to which a magistrate has not beenassigned by the chief court administrator.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 1011D.)

Sec. 44-31. Motion to Quash Subpoena Pur-suant to Inquiry into Commission of Crime(a) Whenever a subpoena has been issued to

compel the attendance of a witness or the produc-tion of documents at an inquiry conducted by aninvestigative grand jury, the person summonedmay file a motion to quash the subpoena withthe chief clerk of the judicial district wherein theinvestigation is then being conducted. No fees orcosts shall be required or assessed.

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(b) The motion shall be docketed as a criminalmatter. The party filing the motion shall be desig-nated as the plaintiff and the state’s attorney forsuch judicial district shall be designated as thedefendant. A prosecuting authority shall appearand defend on behalf of the state’s attorney.

(c) Unless otherwise ordered by the judicialauthority before whom such hearing shall be con-ducted, the hearing on the motion to quash shallbe conducted in public and the court file on themotion to quash shall be open to public inspection.

(d) The motion shall be heard forthwith by ajudicial authority who is not a member of the panelof judges which acted on the application, nor thegrand jury in the proceeding. The hearing dateand time shall be set by the clerk after consultationwith the judicial authority having responsibility forthe conduct of criminal business within the judicialdistrict. The clerk shall give notice to the partiesof the hearing so scheduled.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 1012A.)

Sec. 44-32. Fees and Expenses; Return ofSubpoenasAn officer or an indifferent person serving sub-

poenas in criminal cases will not be allowed feesfor returning the same to the court unless theperson returns them in person or actually paysfor their return, and then only the sum paid will beallowed, not exceeding the legal fees for returningcivil process. No fee shall be paid to any policeofficer for serving subpoenas.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 1014.)

Sec. 44-33. —Indigent WitnessesAn officer or any other person serving a sub-

poena or a capias in criminal cases on behalf ofthe state on witnesses who are indigent andunable to procure the means of traveling to thecourt will be allowed a reasonable compensationfor providing transportation of such witnesses tothe court; a reasonable sum will be taxed for thesupport of such witnesses during their necessaryattendance at court.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 1015.)

Sec. 44-34. —Fees for WitnessesWitnesses in attendance in more cases than

one at the same time will be allowed fees for traveland attendance in one case only. The travel ofnonresident witnesses will be computed andtaxed from the state line on the usual course oftravel in all cases where witnesses’ fees are notpaid under General Statutes § 54-82i or § 54-152.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 1016.)


Sec. 44-35. —Officer’s Fees on Extradition;Habeas CorpusAny officer having charge of a person who is

arrested upon an extradition warrant for deliveryto another state and required to attend court upona writ of habeas corpus shall be entitled to receivethe same fees and expenses as such officer wouldreceive for presenting a prisoner before the courtfor trial, and such fees and expenses are to bepaid to such officer by the officer of such otherstate upon the surrender of the prisoner or, if theprisoner is released, they are to be taxed andallowed him or her at the next term of the courtin the judicial district or geographical area wheresuch prisoner was held.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 1017.)

Sec. 44-36. —Fee on Motion to Open Cer-tain JudgmentsUpon the filing of a motion to open judgment in

any case in which the defendant has beencharged with violation of a motor vehicle statuteand has failed to appear at the time and placeassigned for trial or, where applicable, has failedto plead or pay the fine and additional fee by mail,and the judicial authority has reported such failureto the commissioner of motor vehicles, the movantshall pay to the clerk the filing fee prescribed bystatute unless such fee has been waived by thejudicial authority.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 1020A.)

Sec. 44-37. Definition of TermsUnless the context clearly requires otherwise:(1) ‘‘Prosecuting authority’’ means any person

appointed or otherwise designated or chargedgenerally or specially with the duty of prosecutingpersons accused of criminal offenses in any court,and includes, but is not limited to, the chief state’sattorney and any deputies or assistants and eachstate’s attorney of the superior court and any dep-uties or assistants.

(2) ‘‘Public defender’’ means any attorneyappointed or otherwise designated or chargedgenerally or specially by the court with the dutyof representing persons accused of criminaloffenses in any court or of representing anyonein habeas corpus proceedings or appeals, and

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includes, but is not limited to, the chief publicdefender and any deputies or assistants, andeach public defender and any deputies orassistants.

(3) ‘‘Law enforcement officer’’ means any per-son vested by law with a duty to maintain publicorder or to make arrests for offenses, andincludes, but is not limited to, a member of thestate police department or an organized localpolice department, a detective in the division ofcriminal justice, a sheriff or deputy sheriff, a con-servation officer or special conservation officer asdefined in General Statutes § 26-5, a constablewho performs criminal law enforcement duties, aspecial policeman appointed under General Stat-utes §§ 29-18, 29-18a or 29-19, or an official ofthe department of correction authorized by thecommissioner of correction to make arrests in acorrectional institution or facility. ‘‘Law enforce-ment officer’’ also includes state and judicial mar-shals, but only where the use of that term in theserules is consistent with the authority given to suchmarshals by statute.

(4) ‘‘Offense’’ means any crime or violationwhich constitutes a breach of any law of this stateor any local law or ordinance of a political subdivi-sion of this state, for which a sentence of a term ofimprisonment or a fine, or both, may be imposed,including infractions.

(5) ‘‘Crime’’ means a felony or a misdemeanor.(6) ‘‘Violation’’ means an offense for which the

only sentence authorized is a fine and which isnot expressly designated as an infraction.

(7) ‘‘Felony’’ means an offense for which a per-son may be sentenced to a term of imprisonmentin excess of one year.

(8) ‘‘Misdemeanor’’ means an offense for whicha person may be sentenced to a term of imprison-ment of not more than one year.

(9) ‘‘Infraction’’ means an act or a failure to actwhich is designated by the General Statutes asan infraction.

(10) ‘‘Trial’’ means that judicial proceeding atwhich the guilt or innocence of the defendant tothe offense or offenses charged is to bedetermined.


RULES OF APPELLATE PROCEDURESec. 60-1

RULES OF APPELLATE PROCEDURECHAPTER 60

GENERAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO APPELLATE RULESAND APPELLATE REVIEW

Sec. Sec.60-1. Rules to Be Liberally Interpreted60-2. Supervision of Procedure60-3. Suspension of the Rules60-4. Definitions


Sec. 60-1. Rules to Be Liberally InterpretedThe design of these rules being to facilitate busi-

ness and advance justice, they will be interpretedliberally in any case where it shall be manifestthat a strict adherence to them will work surpriseor injustice.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4182.)

Sec. 60-2. Supervision of ProcedureThe supervision and control of the proceedings

on appeal shall be in the court having appellatejurisdiction from the time the appeal is filed, orearlier, if appropriate, and, except as otherwiseprovided in these rules, any motion the purposeof which is to complete or perfect the trial courtrecord for presentation on appeal shall be madeto the court in which the appeal is pending. Thecourt may, on its own motion or upon motion ofany party, modify or vacate any order made bythe trial court, or a judge thereof, in relation tothe prosecution of the appeal. It may also, forexample, on its own motion or upon motion ofany party, (1) order a judge to take any actionnecessary to complete the trial court record forthe proper presentation of the appeal; (2) whenit appears that by reason of omission from theprepared record of matters of record in the trialcourt the questions of law in the case are notproperly presented, order the appellant to causeto be photocopied the portions so omitted; (3)order improper matter stricken from the record orfrom a brief or appendix; (4) order a stay of anyproceedings ancillary to a case on appeal; (5)order the addition to the prepared record of partsof the file necessary to present correctly or fullythe matters comprehended by Sections 67-4 and67-5; (6) order that a party for good cause shownmay file a late appeal, petition for certification,brief or any other document, unless the court lacksjurisdiction to allow the late filing; (7) order that

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60-5. Review by the Court; Plain Error; Preservation ofClaims

60-6. Appellate Jurists Sitting as Superior Court Judges

a hearing be held to determine whether it hasjurisdiction over a pending matter; (8) order anappeal to be dismissed unless the appellant com-plies with specific orders of the trial court, submitsto the process of the trial court, or is purged ofcontempt of the trial court; (9) remand any pendingmatter to the trial court for the resolution of factualissues where necessary; (10) correct technical orother minor mistakes in a published opinion whichdo not affect the rescript.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4183.)

Sec. 60-3. Suspension of the RulesIn the interest of expediting decision, or for other

good cause shown, the court in which the appealis pending may suspend the requirements or pro-visions of any of these rules in a particular caseon motion of a party or on its own motion and mayorder proceedings in accordance with its direction.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4187.)

Sec. 60-4. Definitions‘‘Appellant’’ shall mean the party, or parties if

an appeal is jointly filed, taking the appeal. ‘‘Appel-lee’’ shall mean all other parties in the trial courtat the time of judgment, unless after judgmentthe matter was withdrawn as to them or unless amotion for permission not to participate in theappeal has been granted by the court.

‘‘Counsel of record’’ shall also include all partiesappearing pro se, and ‘‘court reporter’’ shall referto all court reporters and court reporting monitors.

‘‘Administrative appeal’’ shall mean an appealfrom a judgment of the superior court concerningthe appeal to that court from a decision of anyofficer, board, commission or agency of the stateor of any political subdivision of the state.

‘‘Motion’’ should be read to include applicationsand petitions other than petitions for certification.

RULES OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE Sec. 60-6

‘‘Petition’’ does not include petitions for certifi-cation unless the context clearly requires.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4001A) (For additional definitions,see Secs.61-10,62-2 and 76-6.)

Sec. 60-5. Review by the Court; Plain Error;Preservation of ClaimsThe court may reverse or modify the decision

of the trial court if it determines that the factualfindings are clearly erroneous in view of the evi-dence and pleadings in the whole record, or thatthe decision is otherwise erroneous in law.

The court shall not be bound to consider a claimunless it was distinctly raised at the trial or arosesubsequent to the trial. The court may in the inter-ests of justice notice plain error not brought to theattention of the trial court.

In jury trials, where there is a motion, argument,or offer of proof or evidence in the absence of thejury, whether during trial or before, pertaining toan issue that later arises in the presence of thejury, and counsel has fully complied with therequirements for preserving any objection orexception to the judge’s adverse ruling thereon inthe absence of the jury, the matter shall be

385


deemed to be distinctly raised at the trial for pur-poses of this rule without a further objection orexception provided that the grounds for suchobjection or exception, and the ruling thereon aspreviously articulated, remain the same.

If the court deems it necessary to the properdisposition of the cause, it may remand the casefor a further articulation of the basis of the trialcourt’s factual findings or decision.

It is the responsibility of the appellant to providean adequate record for review as provided in Sec-tion 61-10.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4061.)

Sec. 60-6. Appellate Jurists Sitting as Supe-rior Court JudgesWithout the permission of the chief justice, the

justices of the supreme court and the judges of theappellate court will not, as judges of the superiorcourt, in vacation, or when the superior court isnot in session, pass orders which may be thesubject of an appeal, unless it appears that thereis a necessity for prompt action, and that no otherjudges having jurisdiction over the matter can con-veniently act.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4186.)


CHAPTER 61

REMEDY BY APPEAL

Sec. Sec.61-1. Right of Appeal61-2. Appeal of Judgment on Entire Complaint, Counter-

claim or Cross Complaint61-3. Appeal of Judgment on Part of Complaint, Counter-

claim or Cross Complaint That Disposes of AllClaims in that Pleading Brought by or againstOne or More Parties

61-4. Appeal of Judgment That Disposes of At Least OneCause of Action While Not Disposing of Either(1) An Entire Complaint, Counterclaim or CrossComplaint, or (2) All the Causes of Action in aPleading Brought by or against a Party

61-5. Deferring Appeal until Judgment Rendered ThatDisposes of Case for All Purposes and as toAll Parties

61-6. Appeal of Judgment or Ruling in Criminal Case


Sec. 61-1. Right of Appeal

An aggrieved party may appeal from a finaljudgment, except as otherwise provided by law.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4000.)

Sec. 61-2. Appeal of Judgment on EntireComplaint, Counterclaim or Cross Com-plaint

When judgment has been rendered on an entirecomplaint, counterclaim or cross complaint,whether by judgment on the granting of a motionto strike pursuant to Section 10-44, by dismissalpursuant to Section 10-30, by summary judgmentpursuant to Section 17-44, or otherwise, suchjudgment shall constitute a final judgment.

If at the time a judgment referred to in this sec-tion is rendered, an undisposed complaint, coun-terclaim or cross complaint remains in the case,appeal from such a judgment may be deferred(unless the appellee objects as set forth in Section61-5) until the entire case is concluded by therendering of judgment on the last such outstand-ing complaint, counterclaim or cross complaint.

If the judgment disposing of the complaint,counterclaim or cross complaint resolves allcauses of action brought by or against a partywho is not a party in any remaining complaint,counterclaim, or cross complaint, a notice of intentto appeal in accordance with the provisions of

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61-7. Joint and Consolidated Appeals61-8. Cross Appeals61-9. Decisions Subsequent to Filing of Appeal;

Amended Appeals61-10. Responsibility of Appellant to Provide Adequate

Record for Review61-11. Stay of Execution in Noncriminal Cases61-12. Discretionary Stays61-13. Stay of Execution in Criminal Case61-14. Review of Order concerning Stay; When Stay May

Be Requested from Court Having Appellate Juris-diction

61-15. Stay of Execution in Death Penalty Case61-16. Notification of (1) Bankruptcy Filing, (2) Disposition

of Bankruptcy Case, and (3) Order of BankruptcyCourt Granting Relief from Automatic Stay

Section 61-5 must be filed in order to preservethe right to appeal such a judgment at the conclu-sion of the case.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4002A.)

Sec. 61-3. Appeal of Judgment on Part ofComplaint, Counterclaim or Cross Com-plaint That Disposes of All Claims in thatPleading Brought by or against One orMore PartiesA judgment disposing of only a part of a com-

plaint, counterclaim, or cross complaint is a finaljudgment if that judgment disposes of all causesof action in that complaint, counterclaim, or crosscomplaint brought by or against a particular partyor parties.

Such a judgment shall be a final judgmentregardless of whether judgment was rendered onthe granting of a motion to strike pursuant to Sec-tion 10-44, by dismissal pursuant to Section 10-30, by summary judgment pursuant to Section 17-44, or otherwise. The appeal from such judgmentmay be deferred (unless an objection is filed pur-suant to Section 61-5) until the final judgment thatdisposes of the case for all purposes and as toall parties is rendered. If the appeal from such ajudgment is to be deferred, a notice of intent toappeal must be filed in accordance with the provi-sions of Section 61-5.

A party entitled to appeal under this sectionmay appeal regardless of which party moved forthe judgment to be made final.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4002B.)


Sec. 61-4. Appeal of Judgment That Dis-poses of At Least One Cause of Action WhileNot Disposing of Either (1) An Entire Com-plaint, Counterclaim or Cross Complaint, or(2) All the Causes of Action in a PleadingBrought by or against a Party(Amended July 23, 1998, to take effect Jan. 1, 1999.)(a) Judgment not final unless trial court

makes written determination and chief justiceor chief judge concurs

This section applies to a trial court judgmentthat disposes of at least one cause of action wherethe judgment does not dispose of either of thefollowing: (1) an entire complaint, counterclaim,or cross complaint, or (2) all the causes of actionin a complaint, counterclaim or cross complaintbrought by or against a party. If the order soughtto be appealed does not meet these exact criteria,the trial court is without authority to make thedetermination necessary to the order’s beingimmediately appealed.

This section does not apply to a judgment thatdisposes of an entire complaint, counterclaim, orcross complaint (see Section 61-2); and it doesnot apply to a trial court judgment that partiallydisposes of a complaint, counterclaim, or crosscomplaint, if the order disposes of all the causesof action in that pleading brought by or againstone or more parties (see Section 61-3).

When the trial court renders a judgment towhich this section applies, such judgment shall notordinarily constitute an appealable final judgment.Such a judgment shall be considered an appeal-able final judgment only if the trial court makes awritten determination that the issues resolved bythe judgment are of such significance to the deter-mination of the outcome of the case that the delayincident to the appeal would be justified, and thechief justice or chief judge of the court havingappellate jurisdiction concurs.

If the procedure outlined in this section is fol-lowed, such judgment shall be an appealable finaljudgment, regardless of whether judgment wasrendered on the granting of a motion to strikepursuant to Section 10-44, by dismissal pursuantto Section 10-30, by summary judgment pursuantto Section 17-44, or otherwise.

A party entitled to appeal under this sectionmay appeal regardless of which party moved forthe judgment to be made final.

(b) Procedure for obtaining written determi-nation and chief justice’s or chief judge’s con-currence; when to file appeal

If the trial court renders a judgment describedin this section without making a written determina-tion, any party may file a motion in the trial court forsuch a determination within the statutory appealperiod, or, if there is no applicable statutory appeal

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period, within twenty days after notice of the partialjudgment has been sent to counsel. Papersopposing the motion may be filed within ten daysafter the filing of the motion.

Within twenty days after notice of such a deter-mination in favor of appealability has been sentto counsel, any party intending to appeal shallsubmit an original plus three copies of a motionfor permission to file an appeal with the clerk ofthe court having appellate jurisdiction. The motionshall state the reasons why an appeal should bepermitted. Papers opposing the motion may befiled within ten days after the filing of the motion.The motion and any opposition papers shall bereferred to the chief justice or chief judge to ruleon the motion. If the chief justice or chief judgeis unavailable or disqualified, the most senior jus-tice or judge who is available and is not disquali-fied shall rule on the motion.

The appellate clerk shall send notice to the par-ties of the decision of the chief justice or chiefjudge on the motion for permission to file anappeal. For purposes of counting the time withinwhich the appeal must be filed, the date of theissuance of notice of the decision on this motionshall be considered the date of issuance of noticeof the rendition of the judgment or decision fromwhich the appeal is taken.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4002C.) (Amended July 23, 1998,to take effect Jan. 1, 1999.)

Sec. 61-5. Deferring Appeal until JudgmentRendered That Disposes of Case for All Pur-poses and as to All Parties(a) When notice of intent to appeal required;

procedure for filingAn appeal of a judgment described in Sections

61-2 or 61-3 may be deferred until the judgmentthat disposes of the case for all purposes andas to all parties is rendered. In the following twoinstances only, a notice of intent to appeal mustbe filed in order to defer the taking of an appealuntil the final judgment that disposes of the casefor all purposes and as to all parties is rendered:

(1) when the deferred appeal is to be takenfrom a judgment that not only disposes of an entirecomplaint, counterclaim or cross complaint butalso disposes of all the causes of action broughtby or against a party or parties so that that party orparties are not parties to any remaining complaint,counterclaim or cross complaint; or

(2) when the deferred appeal is to be takenfrom a judgment that disposes of only part of acomplaint, counterclaim, or cross complaint butnevertheless disposes of all causes of action inthat pleading brought by or against a particularparty or parties.


In the event that the party aggrieved by a judg-ment described in (1) or (2) above elects to deferthe taking of the appeal until the disposition of theentire case, the aggrieved party must, within theappeal period provided by statute, or, if there is noapplicable statutory appeal period, within twentydays after issuance of notice of the judgmentdescribed in (1) or (2) above, file in the trial courta notice of intent to appeal the judgment, accom-panied by a certification that a copy thereof hasbeen served on each counsel of record in accord-ance with the provisions of Section 62-7.

When a notice of intent to appeal has been filedin accordance with this subsection, an objectionto the deferral of the appeal may be made by (1)any party who, after the rendering of judgment onan entire complaint, counterclaim or cross com-plaint, is no longer a party to any remaining com-plaint, counterclaim, or cross complaint, or (2) anyparty who, by virtue of a judgment on a portionof any complaint, counterclaim, or cross com-plaint, is no longer a party to that complaint, coun-terclaim, or cross complaint. Objection shall befiled in the trial court, within twenty days of thefiling of the notice of intent to appeal, accompa-nied by a certification that a copy thereof has beenserved on each counsel of record in accordancewith the provisions of Section 62-7.

When such a party has filed a notice of objectionto the deferral of the appeal, the appeal shall notbe deferred, and the appellant shall file the appealwithin twenty days of the filing of such notice ofobjection.

(b) Effect of failure to file notice of intent toappeal when required; effect of filing notice ofintent to appeal when not required

If an aggrieved party, without having filed atimely notice of intent to appeal, files an appealclaiming that a judgment described in (1) or (2)of subsection (a) of this section was renderedimproperly, the issues relating to such earlier judg-ment will be subject to dismissal as untimely.

The use of the notice of intent to appeal is abol-ished in all instances except as provided in sub-section (a) of this section, which sets forth the twoinstances in which a notice of intent must be filed.Except as provided in subsection (a), the filingof a notice of intent to appeal will preserve noappeal rights.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4002D.)

Sec. 61-6. Appeal of Judgment or Ruling inCriminal Case(Amended July 26, 2000, to take effect Jan. 1, 2001.)(a) Appeal by defendant(1) Appeal from final judgment

388


The defendant may appeal from a convictionfor an offense when the conviction has becomea final judgment. The conviction becomes a finaljudgment after imposition of sentence. In caseswhere a final judgment has been rendered onfewer than all counts in the information or com-plaint, the defendant may appeal from that judg-ment at the time it is rendered.

(2) Appeal of ruling following judgment ren-dered upon conditional plea of nolo con-tendere

(i) On motion to dismiss or suppressWhen a defendant, prior to the commencement

of trial, enters a plea of nolo contendere condi-tional on the right to take an appeal from thecourt’s denial of the defendant’s motion to sup-press or motion to dismiss, the defendant, afterthe imposition of sentence, may file an appealwithin the time prescribed by law. The issue tobe considered in such appeal shall be limited towhether it was proper for the court to have deniedthe motion to suppress or the motion to dismiss.A plea of nolo contendere by a defendant underthis subsection shall not constitute a waiver bythe defendant of nonjurisdictional defects in thecriminal prosecution. The court shall not accepta nolo contendere plea pursuant to this subsectionwhere the denial of the motion to suppress ormotion to dismiss would not be dispositive of thecase in the trial court. The court shall also declineto accept such a nolo contendere plea where therecord available for review of the denial of themotion to suppress or motion to dismiss is inade-quate for appellate review of the court’s determi-nation thereof.

(ii) On any motion made prior to close ofevidence

With the approval of the court, after a hearingto consider any objections thereto, a defendantmay enter a conditional plea of guilty or nolo con-tendere, reserving in writing the right, on appealfrom the judgment, to review of the adverse deter-mination of any motion made prior to the close ofevidence, which motion must be specified in suchwritten reservation. If the defendant prevails onappeal, the judgment shall be set aside and thedefendant shall be allowed to withdraw the condi-tional plea of guilty or nolo contendere after thecase has been remanded to the trial court. A pleaof guilty or nolo contendere under this subsectionshall not constitute a waiver of nonjurisdictionaldefects in the criminal prosecution. The court shallnot accept a plea of guilty or nolo contenderepursuant to this subsection where the adversedetermination of the specified motion would notbe dispositive of the case in the trial court. Thecourt shall also decline to accept such a nolo


contendere or guilty plea where the record avail-able for review of the ruling upon the specifiedmotion is inadequate for appellate review of thecourt’s determination thereof.

(b) Appeal by stateThe state, with the permission of the presiding

judge of the trial court and as provided by law,may appeal from a final judgment. In cases wherean appealable judgment has been rendered onfewer than all counts of the information or com-plaint, the state may appeal from the judgment atthe time it is rendered.

(c) Appeal from a rulingTo the extent provided by law, the defendant

or the state may appeal from a ruling that is nota final judgment or from an interlocutory rulingdeemed to be a final judgment.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4003.) (Amended July 26, 2000, totake effect Jan. 1, 2001; amended June 17, 2008, to takeeffect Jan. 1, 2009.)

HISTORY—2009: Prior to 2009, the first sentence of sub-section (a) (2) (i) read: ‘‘When a defendant, prior to the com-mencement of trial, enters a plea of nolo contendereconditional on the right to take an appeal from the court’sdenial of the defendant’s (a) motion to suppress evidencebased on an unreasonable search or seizure, (b) motion tosuppress statements and evidence based on the involuntari-ness of a statement, (c) or motion to dismiss, the defendantafter the imposition of sentence may file an appeal within thetime prescribed by law.’’ In 2009, ‘‘or motion to dismiss’’ wasadded to the fourth sentence of subsection (a) (2) (i), after‘‘motion to suppress.’’ In the fourth sentences of (a) (2) (i)and (a) (2) (ii), ‘‘be dispositive’’ was substituted for ‘‘have asignificant impact upon the disposition.’’

COMMENTARY—2009: Appeals from the denial of pretrialmotions to suppress and motions to dismiss are governed byGeneral Statutes § 54-94a. The statute permits a defendantto enter a nolo contendere plea conditioned on the right toappeal if the trial court has determined that the ruling on themotion would be dispositive of the case. This amendment tosubsection (a) (2) (i) deletes the previous language of the ruleand replaces it with language that tracks § 54-94a. In otherwords, it now states that a trial court will not accept a condi-tional nolo contendere plea unless it determines that the ruling‘‘would be dispositive of the case,’’ rather than that it would‘‘have a significant impact upon the disposition of the case.’’The amendment to subsection (a) (2) (ii) makes the samechange with respect to the entry of a conditional nolo conten-dere plea after the close of the evidence.

In addition, subsection (a) (2) (i) has been amended todelete language that specifies particular types of motions tosuppress. This change also tracks § 54-94a, which wasamended in 2001 to eliminate descriptions of types of motionsto suppress.

Sec. 61-7. Joint and Consolidated Appeals(a) (1) Two or more plaintiffs or defendants in

the same case may appeal jointly or severally.Separate cases heard together and involving atleast one common party may as of right beappealed jointly, provided all the trial court docket

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numbers are shown on the appeal form (JD-SC-28 and JD-SC-29).

(2) Prior to the filing of an appeal the trial court,on motion of any party or on its own motion, mayorder that a joint appeal be filed in any situationnot covered by the preceding paragraph.

(3) In the case of a joint appeal, only one entryfee is required.

(b) (1) The supreme court, on motion of anyparty or on its own motion may order that appealspending in the supreme court be consolidated.

(2) When an appeal pending in the supremecourt involves the same cause of action, transac-tion or occurrence as an appeal pending in theappellate court, the supreme court may, on motionof any party or on its own motion, order that theappeals be consolidated in the supreme court.The court may order consolidation at any timebefore the assignment of the appeals for hearing.

(3) The appellate court, on motion of any partyor on its own motion, may order that appealspending in the appellate court be consolidated.

(4) There shall be no refund of fees if appealsare consolidated.

(c) Whenever appeals are jointly filed or areconsolidated, only a single record shall be pre-pared. In addition, all appellants must file a single,consolidated brief and all appellees must file asingle, consolidated brief; provided, however, thatany party may file a request in writing to the chiefjustice or chief judge, as the case may be, forpermission to file a separate brief if the joint partiescannot agree upon the contents of the joint briefor to brief issues which are not common to thejoint parties.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4004.)

Sec. 61-8. Cross AppealsAny appellee or appellees aggrieved by the

judgment or decision from which the appellanthas appealed may jointly or severally file a crossappeal within ten days from the filing of the appeal.Except where otherwise provided, the filing andform of cross appeals, extensions of time for filingthem, and all subsequent proceedings shall bethe same as though the cross appeal were anoriginal appeal. No entry or record fee need bepaid.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4005.)

Sec. 61-9. Decisions Subsequent to Filing ofAppeal; Amended AppealsShould the trial court, subsequent to the filing

of the appeal, make a decision which the appellantdesires to have reviewed, the appellant shall filean amended appeal form in the trial court withintwenty days from the issuance of notice of thedecision as provided for in Section 63-1. At the


time the amended appeal form is filed, the appel-lant shall submit a copy thereof, endorsed inaccordance with Section 63-3, to the appellateclerk together with any amendments to the docu-ments required by Section 63-4.

No additional fee is required to be paid uponthe filing of an amended appeal.

If the amended appeal is filed after the filing ofthe appellant’s brief but before the filing of theappellee’s brief, the appellant may move for leaveto file a supplemental brief. If the amended appealis filed after the filing of the appellee’s brief, eitherparty may move for such leave. In any event,the court may order that an amended appeal bebriefed or heard separately from the originalappeal.

Unless the court shall order otherwise, if theappellant has filed a second appeal in the samecase, the appeal papers shall be treated as anamended appeal under this rule and in that eventthere shall be no refund of the fees paid.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4006.)

Sec. 61-10. Responsibility of Appellant toProvide Adequate Record for ReviewIt is the responsibility of the appellant to provide

an adequate record for review. The appellant shalldetermine whether the entire trial court record iscomplete, correct and otherwise perfected for pre-sentation on appeal. For purposes of this section,the term ‘‘record’’ is not limited to its meaningpursuant to Section 63-4 (a) (2), but includes alltrial court decisions, documents and exhibits nec-essary and appropriate for appellate review of anyclaimed impropriety.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4007.)

Sec. 61-11. Stay of Execution in Noncrimi-nal Cases(Amended July 21, 1999, to take effect Jan. 1, 2000.)(a) Automatic stay of executionExcept where otherwise provided by statute or

other law, proceedings to enforce or carry out thejudgment or order shall be automatically stayeduntil the time to take an appeal has expired. If anappeal is filed, such proceedings shall be stayeduntil the final determination of the cause. If thecase goes to judgment on appeal, any stay there-after shall be in accordance with Section 71-6(motions for reconsideration), Section 84-3 (peti-tions for certification by the Connecticut supremecourt), and Section 71-7 (petitions for certiorari bythe United States supreme court).

(b) Matters in which no automatic stay isavailable under this rule

Under this section, there shall be no automaticstay in actions concerning attorneys pursuant tochapter 2 of these rules, in juvenile matters

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brought pursuant to chapters 26 through 35a, orin any administrative appeal except as otherwiseprovided in this subsection. In addition, no auto-matic stay shall apply to orders of relief from physi-cal abuse pursuant to General Statutes § 46b-15or to orders of periodic alimony, support, custodyor visitation in domestic relations matters broughtpursuant to chapter 25 or to any later modificationof such orders.

Unless a court shall otherwise order, any staythat was in effect during the pendency of anyadministrative appeal in the trial court shall con-tinue until the filing of an appeal or the expirationof the appeal period, or any new appeal period,as provided in Section 63-1. If an appeal is filed,any further stay shall be sought pursuant to Sec-tion 61-12.

For purposes of this rule, ‘‘administrativeappeal’’ means an appeal taken from a final judg-ment of the trial court or the compensation reviewboard rendered in an appeal from a decision ofany officer, board, commission, or agency of thestate or of any political subdivision thereof. In addi-tion to appeals taken pursuant to the UniformAdministrative Procedure Act, ‘‘administrativeappeal’’ includes, among other matters, zoningappeals, teacher tenure appeals, tax appeals andunemployment compensation appeals.

(c) Termination of stayTermination of a stay may be sought in accord-

ance with subsection (d) of this rule. If the judgewho tried the case is of the opinion that (1) anextension to appeal is sought, or the appeal istaken, only for delay or (2) the due administrationof justice so requires, the judge may at any timeafter a hearing, upon motion or sua sponte, orderthat the stay be terminated.

(d) Motions to terminate stayA motion to terminate a stay of execution may

be filed before judgment; if it is, it may be ruledupon when judgment is entered. If such a motionis filed before judgment, or after judgment butbefore an appeal, it shall be filed in triplicate withthe clerk of the superior court. If it is filed after anappeal is filed, an original and three copies shallbe filed with the appellate clerk, who shall forwardthe motion to the judge who tried the case. Thatjudge shall file any ruling thereon with the appel-late clerk and with the clerk of the trial court wherethe matter was tried. If the judge who tried thecase is unavailable, the motion shall be forwardedto the clerk of the court in the judicial district wherethe case was tried, who shall assign the motionfor a hearing and decision to any judge of thesuperior court.

(e) Motions to request stay


Requests for a stay pending appeal where thereis no automatic stay shall be governed by Section61-12.

(For stays of execution in criminal cases, seeSection 61-13; for stays in death penalty cases,see Section 61-15.)

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4046.) (Amended July 23, 1998, totake effect Jan. 1, 1999; amended July 21, 1999, to take effectJan. 1, 2000; amended July 26, 2000, to take effect Jan. 1,2001; amended Oct. 10, 2001, to take effect Jan. 1, 2002;amended May 12, 2004, to take effect Jan. 1, 2005.)

Sec. 61-12. Discretionary Stays(Amended July 21, 1999, to take effect Jan. 1, 2000.)In noncriminal matters in which the automatic

stay provisions of Section 61-11 are not applicableand in which there are no statutory stay provi-sions, any motion for a stay of the judgment ororder of the superior court pending appeal shallbe made to the judge who tried the case unlessthat judge is unavailable, in which case the motionmay be made to any judge of the superior court.Such a motion may also be filed before judgmentand may be ruled upon at the time judgment isrendered unless the court concludes that a furtherhearing or consideration of such motion is neces-sary. A temporary stay may be ordered sua sponteor on written or oral motion, ex parte or otherwise,pending the filing or consideration of a motion forstay pending appeal. The motion shall be consid-ered on an expedited basis and the granting of astay of an order for the payment of money maybe conditional on the posting of suitable security.

In the absence of a motion filed under this sec-tion, the trial court may order, sua sponte, thatproceedings to enforce or carry out the judgmentor order be stayed until the time to take an appealhas expired or, if an appeal has been filed, untilthe final determination of the cause. A party mayfile a motion to terminate such a stay pursuant toSection 61-11.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4047.) (Amended July 21, 1999, totake effect Jan. 1, 2000.)

Sec. 61-13. Stay of Execution in CriminalCase(Amended July 21, 1999, to take effect Jan. 1, 2000.)Except as otherwise provided in this rule, a

judgment in a criminal case shall be stayed fromthe time of the judgment until the time to take anappeal has expired, and then, if an appeal is filed,until ten days after its final determination. The stayprovisions apply to an appeal from a judgment,to an appeal from a judgment on a petition for anew trial and to a writ of error, where those mattersarise from a criminal conviction or sentence.Unless otherwise provided in this rule, all staysare subject to termination under subsection (d).

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(a) Appeal by defendant arising from asentence

(1) Sentence of imprisonmentA sentence of imprisonment shall be stayed

automatically by an appeal, provided the defend-ant is released on bail.

(2) Sentence of probation or conditional dis-charge

Upon motion by the defendant to the trial court,a sentence of probation or conditional dischargemay be stayed if an appeal is taken. If the sen-tence is stayed, the court shall fix the terms ofthe stay. If the sentence on appeal is not stayed,the court shall specify when the term of probationshall commence. If the sentence is not stayed anda condition of the sentence is restitution or otherpayment of money, the court shall order that suchpayments be made to the clerk of the trial courtto be held by said clerk until ten days after finaldetermination of the appeal.

(3) Sentence of a fineA sentence to pay a fine shall be stayed auto-

matically by an appeal, and the stay shall not besubject to termination.

(4) Sentencing sanctions of restitution andforfeiture

The execution of a sanction of restitution orforfeiture of property, which was imposed as partof a sentence, shall be stayed automatically byan appeal. Upon motion by the state or upon itsown motion, the trial court may issue orders rea-sonably necessary to ensure compliance with thesanction upon final disposition of the appeal.

(5) Other sentencing sanctionsUpon motion by the defendant, other sanctions

imposed as part of a sentence, including thoseimposed under General Statutes §§ 53a-40c,53a-40e, 54-102b, 54-102g, and 54-260, may bestayed by an appeal. If the sanction is stayed, thetrial court may issue orders reasonably necessaryto ensure compliance with the sanction upon finaldisposition of the appeal.

(b) Appeal by defendant from presentenceorder

In an appeal from a presentence order wherethe defendant claims that an existing right, suchas a right not to be tried, will be irreparably lost ifthe order is not reviewed immediately, the appealshall stay automatically further proceedings in thetrial court.

(c) Appeal by the state from a judgmentIn an appeal by the state, the appeal shall stay

automatically further proceedings in the trial courtuntil ten days after the final determination of theappeal. The defendant shall be released pendingdetermination of an appeal by the state from any


judgment not resulting in a sentence, the effectof which is to terminate the entire prosecution.

(d) Motion for stay or to terminate a stayIf a motion for a stay or a motion to terminate a

stay is filed before the appeal is taken, the originalmotion and three copies shall be filed with the trialcourt. After the appeal is taken, the motion andthree copies shall be filed in the appellate court;motions filed in the appellate court shall be for-warded by the clerk of the appellate court to thetrial court for a decision. If the judge who tried orpresided over the case is unavailable, the motionshall be forwarded to the clerk of the court in whichthe case was tried and shall be assigned for ahearing and decision to any judge of the superiorcourt. Upon hearing and consideration of themotion, the trial court shall decide the motion byfiling with the court clerk a written or oral memo-randum of decision that shall include the factualand legal basis therefor. If oral, the decision shallbe transcribed by the court reporter and signedby the trial court. Pending the filing or consider-ation of a motion for stay, a temporary stay maybe ordered sua sponte or on written or oral motion.

In appeals by defendant from a presentenceorder and appeals by the state from a judgment,the judge who tried the case may terminate anystay, upon motion and hearing, if the judge is ofthe opinion that (1) an extension to appeal issought, or the appeal is taken, only for delay, or(2) the due administration of justice so requires.

(For stays of execution in death penalty cases,see Section 61-15.)

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4048.) (Amended July 21, 1999, totake effect Jan. 1, 2000; amended Oct. 10, 2001, to take effectJan. 1, 2002.)

Sec. 61-14. Review of Order concerningStay; When Stay May Be Requested fromCourt Having Appellate Jurisdiction(Amended July 23, 1998, to take effect Jan. 1, 1999.)The sole remedy of any party desiring the court

to review an order concerning a stay of executionshall be by motion for review under Section 66-6. Execution of an order of the court terminatinga stay of execution shall be stayed for ten daysfrom the issuance of notice of the order, and if amotion for review is filed within that period, theorder shall be stayed pending decision of themotion, unless the court having appellate jurisdic-tion rules otherwise.

A motion for extension of time to file a motionfor review of a ruling concerning a stay of execu-tion must be filed in the trial court but shall notautomatically stay the execution after the ten dayshas expired, except that the trial judge may ordera stay pending a ruling on the motion for extensionof time.

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A ruling concerning a stay is a judgment in atrial to the court for purposes of Section 64-1, andthe trial court making such a ruling shall state itsdecision, either orally or in writing, in accordancewith the requirements of that section.

In any case in which there is no automatic stayof execution and in which the trial court denies, orrefuses to rule on, a motion for stay, an aggrievedparty may request a stay of execution of the judg-ment from the court having appellate jurisdictionpending the filing of and ruling upon a motionfor review. The request must be filed with theappellate clerk.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4049. See also Secs. 66-2 and 66-3.) (Amended July 23, 1998, to take effect Jan. 1, 1999.)

Sec. 61-15. Stay of Execution in Death Pen-alty CaseIf the defendant is sentenced to death, the sen-

tence shall be stayed for the period within whichto take an appeal. If the defendant has taken anappeal to the supreme or appellate court of thisstate or to the United States supreme court orbrought a writ of error, writ of certiorari, writ ofhabeas corpus, application for a pardon or petitionfor a new trial, the taking of the appeal, the makingof the application for a writ of certiorari or for apardon, or the return into court of the writ of error,writ of habeas corpus, or petition for a new trialshall, unless, upon application by the state’s attor-ney and after hearing, the supreme court other-wise orders, stay the execution of the deathpenalty until the clerk of the court where the trialwas had has received notification of the termina-tion of any such proceeding by decision or other-wise, and for thirty days thereafter. Uponapplication by the defendant, the supreme courtmay grant a stay of execution to prepare a writof error, a writ of certiorari, writ of habeas corpus,application for a pardon or petition for a new trial.Upon application by the defendant and after hear-ing, the supreme court may extend a stay of exe-cution beyond the time limits stated within thisrule for good cause shown. No appellate proce-dure shall be deemed to have terminated until theend of the period allowed by law for the filing ofa motion for reconsideration, or, if such motion isfiled, until the proceedings consequent thereonare finally determined. When execution is stayedunder the provisions of this section, the clerk ofthe court shall forthwith give notice thereof to thewarden of the institution in which such defendantis in custody. If the original judgment of convictionhas been affirmed or remains in full force at thetime when the clerk has received the notificationof the termination of any proceedings by appeal,


writ of certiorari, writ of error, writ of habeas cor-pus, application for a pardon or petition for a newtrial, and the day designated for the infliction ofthe death penalty has then passed or will passwithin thirty days thereafter, the defendant shall,within said period of thirty days, upon an order ofthe court in which the judgment was rendered ata regular or special criminal session thereof, bepresented before said court by the warden of theinstitution in which the defendant is in custody orhis deputy, and the court, with the judge assignedto hold the session presiding, shall thereupon des-ignate a day for the infliction of the death penaltyand the clerk of the court shall issue a warrant ofexecution, reciting therein the original judgment,the fact of the stay of execution and the final orderof the court, which warrant shall be forthwithserved upon the warden or his deputy. (For staysof execution in other criminal cases, see Section61-13.)

(Adopted July 21, 1999, to take effect Jan. 1, 2000.)

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Sec. 61-16. Notification of (1) BankruptcyFiling, (2) Disposition of Bankruptcy Caseand (3) Order of Bankruptcy Court GrantingRelief from Automatic Stay(a) If a party to an appeal files a bankruptcy

petition, that party shall immediately notify theappellate clerk in writing. The notification shall setforth the date the bankruptcy petition was filed,the bankruptcy court in which the petition wasfiled, the name of the bankruptcy debtor and thedocket number of the bankruptcy case.

(b) Upon resolution of the bankruptcy case, theparty who filed for bankruptcy protection shallimmediately notify the appellate clerk in writingthat the case has been resolved in the bankruptcycourt. If the bankruptcy court grants relief fromthe automatic bankruptcy stay, the party obtainingsuch relief shall immediately notify the appellateclerk in writing of the termination of the auto-matic stay.

(Adopted July 24, 2002, to take effect Oct. 1, 2002.)


CHAPTER 62

CHIEF JUDGE, APPELLATE CLERK AND DOCKET: GENERALADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS

Sec. Sec.62-1. Chief Judge62-2. Clerk62-3. Entry of Cases62-4. Case to Remain on Docket of Trial Court62-5. Changes in Parties62-6. Signature on Papers62-7. Matters of Form; Filings; Certification to Counsel


Sec. 62-1. Chief Judge(a) The chief justice shall designate one of the

judges of the appellate court as chief judge of theappellate court.

(b) With the approval of the chief justice, thechief judge shall (1) schedule such sessions asmay be necessary, at such locations as the facili-tation of court business requires, (2) designate asmany panels as may be necessary, and assignthree judges to each panel, and (3) designate apresiding judge for each panel on which the chiefjudge does not sit.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4028.)

Sec. 62-2. ClerkThe justices of the supreme court shall appoint

an appellate clerk who shall be the chief clerk ofthe supreme court and of the appellate court, butwho shall not be the chief clerk of any judicialdistrict. As used in these rules, the clerk of anytrial court from which an appeal is taken shall bereferred to as the clerk of the trial court.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4029.)

Sec. 62-3. Entry of CasesThe appellate clerk, upon receipt of an appeal,

reservation, or writ of error, shall enter the caseupon the docket of the court to which the appealwas taken.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4031.)

Sec. 62-4. Case to Remain on Docket ofTrial CourtA case that has been appealed shall remain on

the docket of the court where it was tried until theappeal is decided or terminated.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4032.)

Sec. 62-5. Changes in PartiesAny change in the parties to an action pending

an appeal shall be made in the court in which the

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62-8. Names of Counsel; Appearance62-8A. Attorneys of Other Jurisdictions Participating Pro

Hac Vice on Appeal62-9. Withdrawal of Appearance62-9A. Hybrid Representation; Removal or Substitution of

Counsel in Criminal Appeals62-10. Files to Be Available to Parties62-11. Files and Records Not to Be Removed

appeal is pending. The appellate clerk shall notifythe clerk of the trial court of any change.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4033.)

Sec. 62-6. Signature on PapersAll papers including original copies of briefs

shall be signed by counsel of record. Each plead-ing or other document filed shall set forth the sign-er’s telephone and facsimile numbers, mailingaddress, and, if applicable, the signer’s jurisnumber.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4030.)

Sec. 62-7. Matters of Form; Filings; Certifi-cation to CounselIt is the responsibility of counsel of record to

submit papers for filing in a timely manner and inthe proper form.

The appellate clerk may refuse to accept forfiling any papers presented in a form not in compli-ance with these rules; in refusing, the appellateclerk shall indicate how the papers have failed tocomply. The clerk shall stamp any papers refusedwith the date on which they were received beforereturning them, and shall retain a copy thereof.Any papers correcting a noncomplying filing shallbe deemed to be timely filed if resubmitted tothe appellate clerk without delay. The time forresponding to any such paper shall not start torun until the correcting paper is filed.

Except for the transcript of evidence or whereotherwise indicated, an original and fifteen copiesof all papers shall be filed with the appellate clerk.For copies of the initial appeal papers, see Sec-tions 63-3 and 63-4; for copies of papers with-drawing an appeal or writ of error, see Section63-9; for copies of motions and opposition papers,see Section 66-3 (motions in general), Section

RULES OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE Sec. 62-8A

66-1 (extension of time), Section 61-11 (termina-tion of stay of execution), and Section 66-5 (rectifi-cation); for copies of briefs, see Section 67-2; forcopies of the record, see Section 68-7; for copiesof petitions for certification and opposition papers,see Sections 84-4 and 84-6; for copies of certifiedquestions from courts of other jurisdictions, seeSection 82-4.

All papers except the transcript and regulationsfiled pursuant to Section 81-6 shall contain a certi-fication that a copy has been served on each othercounsel of record, including the names,addresses and telephone and facsimile numbersof all counsel served. The certification concerningbriefs may be signed by counsel of record or theprinter on the last page of one of the briefs or ona separate typewritten document filed with thebriefs. All service and filing by mail shall be byfirst class or express United States mail, postageprepaid, or by hand delivery.

If a document must be filed by a certain dateunder these rules or under any statutory provision,the document must be received by the appellateclerk by the close of business on that date; it isnot sufficient that a document be mailed by thatdate to the appellate clerk unless a rule or statu-tory provision expressly so computes the time.

The signed original of documents filed pursuantto sections 66-3, 67-2, 81-2, 81-3, 84-5 and 84-6 shall bear an attached certificate indicating thatthe document is in compliance with all of therequirements of the rule under which it is beingfiled.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4014.) (Amended July 23, 1998, totake effect Jan. 1, 1999; amended July 24, 2002, to take effectOct. 1, 2002; amended May 15, 2003, to take effect Jan.1, 2004.)

Sec. 62-8. Names of Counsel; AppearanceCounsel for all parties in the trial court shall be

deemed to have appeared in the appeal unlesspermission to withdraw has been granted pursu-ant to Section 62-9 or unless an in lieu of appear-ance pursuant to Section 3-8 has been filed byother counsel. Counsel who filed the appeal orfiled an appearance in the appellate court afterthe appeal was filed shall be deemed to haveappeared in the trial court for the limited purposeof prosecuting or defending the appeal. Unlessotherwise provided by statute or rule, counsel whohave so appeared shall be entitled to review alltrial court docket sheets and files, including sealedfiles, and shall be entitled to participate in pro-ceedings in the trial court on motions filed in thetrial court pursuant to Section 66-1 and motionsfiled in the appellate court but referred to the trialcourt for decision. Where counsel did not file theappeal but have appeared in the appellate court,

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a copy of an appearance form stamped by theappellate clerk’s office shall be satisfactory evi-dence of an appearance in an appeal. This ruleshall not be deemed to permit appellate counselto review records that were sealed as to trial coun-sel but retained in the trial court file for appel-late review.

This rule shall not be deemed to excuse trialcounsel with respect to preserving a defendant’sright to appeal pursuant to Section 63-7; nor shallthis rule prevent trial counsel from moving for awithdrawal of appearance pursuant to Section62-9.

No change, substitution or withdrawal of coun-sel shall be permitted after the due date of thefinal reply brief without leave of the court.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4034.) (Amended Sept. 8, 2004, totake effect Jan. 1, 2005; amended May 4, 2006, to take effectJan. 1, 2007; amended Jan. 4, 2007, to take effect Jan. 1,2008.)

Sec. 62-8A. Attorneys of Other JurisdictionsParticipating Pro Hac Vice on Appeal(a) An attorney, who upon written application

pursuant to Section 2-16 has been permitted bya judge of the superior court to participate in thepresentation of a cause or appeal pending in thisstate, shall be allowed to participate in any appealof said cause without filing a written applicationto the court having jurisdiction over the appeal.All terms, conditions and obligations set forth inSection 2-16 shall remain in full effect. The chiefclerk of the superior court for the judicial districtin which the cause originated shall continue toserve as the agent upon whom process and noticeof service may be served.

(b) Any attorney who is in good standing at thebar of another state and who has not appearedpro hac vice in the superior court to participate inthe cause now pending on appeal, may for goodcause shown, upon written application presentedby a member of the bar of this state, be permittedin the discretion of the court having jurisdictionover the appeal to participate in the presentationof the appeal; provided, however, that (1) suchapplication shall be accompanied by an affidavit(A) certifying whether such applicant has a griev-ance pending against him or her in any other juris-diction, has ever been reprimanded, suspended,placed on inactive status, disbarred or hasresigned from the practice of law and, if so, settingforth the circumstances concerning such action,(B) designating the chief clerk of the superior courtfor the judicial district in which the cause origi-nated as his or her agent upon whom processand notice of service may be served, and agreeingto register with the statewide grievance committeein accordance with the provisions of chapter 2 of

RULES OF APPELLATE PROCEDURESec. 62-8A

the rules of practice while appearing in the appealand for two years after the completion of the mat-ter in which the attorney appeared, (C) identifyingthe number of attorneys in his or her firm who areappearing pro hac vice in the cause now on appealor who have filed or intend to file an applicationto appear pro hac vice in this appeal, and (D)stating whether an application was filed pursuantto Section 2-16 in the superior court and, if so,the disposition of said application, and (2) a mem-ber of the bar of this state must be present atall proceedings and arguments and must sign allmotions, briefs and other papers filed with thecourt having jurisdiction over the appeal andassume full responsibility for them and for theconduct of the appeal and of the attorney to whomsuch privilege is accorded. Said application shallbe made to the court having jurisdiction over theappeal. The application shall be filed in accord-ance with Sections 66-2 and 66-3. Good causefor according such privilege may include a show-ing that by reason of a long-standing attorney-client relationship, predating the cause of actionor subject matter of the appeal, the attorney hasacquired a specialized skill or knowledge withrespect to issues on appeal or to the client’s affairsthat are important to the appeal, or that the litigantis unable to secure the services of Connecticutcounsel. Upon the granting of an application toappear pro hac vice, the clerk of the court in whichthe application is granted shall immediately notifythe statewide grievance committee of such action.

(c) No application to appear pro hac vice shallbe permitted after the due date of the final replybrief as set forth in Section 67-3 without leave ofthe court.

(Adopted May 4, 2006, to take effect Jan. 1, 2007; amendedJan. 4, 2007, to take effect Jan. 1, 2008.)

Sec. 62-9. Withdrawal of Appearance(a) An attorney or party whose appearance has

been filed shall be deemed to have withdrawnsuch appearance upon failure to file a writtenobjection within ten days after written notice hasbeen given or mailed to such attorney or partythat a new appearance has been filed in lieu ofthe appearance of such attorney or party inaccordance with Section 62-8.

(b) An attorney may, by motion, withdraw hisor her appearance for a party after an additionalappearance representing the same party hasbeen entered on the docket. A motion to withdrawpursuant to this subsection shall state that anadditional appearance has been entered onappeal. The appellate clerk may as of course grantthe motion if the additional appearance hasbeen entered.

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(c) Except as provided in subsections (a) and(b), no attorney whose appearance has beenentered on the docket shall withdraw his or herappearance without leave of the court. A motionfor leave to withdraw shall be filed with the appel-late clerk in accordance with Sections 66-2 and66-3. The motion shall include the current addressof the party as to whom the attorney seeks towithdraw. No motion for leave to withdraw shall begranted until the court is satisfied that reasonablenotice has been given to the party being repre-sented and to other counsel of record. Reason-able notice to the party or parties may be satisfiedby filing along with the motion, a certified or regis-tered mail return receipt signed by the individualparty or parties represented by the attorney.

(d) A motion for leave to withdraw appearanceof appointed appellate counsel pursuant to Sec-tion 43-34 shall be filed with the appellate clerk.The form of the motion shall comply with Sections66-2 and 66-3, except that only an original andone copy shall be filed. The brief accompanyingthe motion, as required under Section 43-35, shallcomply with Section 43-35 in form and substance.The original of the brief and the transcript of thepertinent proceedings shall be filed with the appel-late clerk with the motion to withdraw. The motion,brief and transcript shall be referred to the trialcourt for decision. That decision may be reviewedpursuant to Section 66-6.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4035.)

Sec. 62-9A. Hybrid Representation; Re-moval or Substitution of Counsel in Crimi-nal Appeals

On appeal, a defendant has no right to self-representation while represented by counsel. If anindigent defendant wishes to replace appointedcounsel or remove appointed counsel and appearpro se, in lieu of such counsel, the defendant shallfile a motion with the appellate clerk making suchrequest and setting forth the reasons therefor. Anoriginal and three copies of the motion shall befiled. A copy of such motion shall be served, inaccordance with Section 62-7, upon the attorneysought to be removed or replaced and upon thestate.

The appellate clerk shall forward the motion tothe trial judge, who shall conduct a hearing andenter appropriate orders consistent with the rele-vant provisions of chapter 44 of these rules. Thedecision on the motion shall be filed with theappellate clerk.

(Adopted Sept. 8, 2004, to take effect Jan. 1, 2005.)


Sec. 62-10. Files to Be Available to PartiesSubject to the provisions of Section 62-11, the

clerk of the trial court and the appellate clerk orthe appellate messenger having custody of thefiles, evidence and exhibits in any case shall makethem available for the use of any party or counselto that party, whether or not the file is sealed. Thisprovision applies to counsel who have appearedin either the trial court or the appellate court. Thisrule shall not be deemed to permit appellate coun-sel to review records that were sealed as to trial

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counsel but retained in the trial court file for appel-late review.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4036.) (Amended Sept. 8, 2004, totake effect Jan. 1, 2005.)

Sec. 62-11. Files and Records Not to BeRemovedNo files, records or exhibits in the custody of

officers of the court shall be removed from thecourt except by the appellate clerk, the reporterof judicial decisions or by order or permission ofan appellate jurist.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4037.)


CHAPTER 63

FILING THE APPEAL; WITHDRAWALS

Sec. Sec.63-1. Time to Appeal63-2. Expiration of Time Limitations; Counting Days63-3. Filing Appeal in General; Number of Copies63-4. Additional Papers to Be Filed by Appellant and

Appellee when Filing Appeal63-5. Fees


Sec. 63-1. Time to Appeal(a) General provisionsUnless a different time period is provided by

statute, an appeal must be filed within twenty daysof the date notice of the judgment or decisionis given. The appeal period may be extended ifpermitted by Section 66-1 (a). If circumstancesgive rise to a new appeal period as provided insubsection (c) of this rule, such new period maybe similarly extended as long as no extension ofthe original appeal period was obtained.

If a motion is filed within the appeal period thatmight give rise to a new appeal period as providedin subsection (c) of this rule, the appeal may befiled either in the original appeal period, whichcontinues to run, or in the new appeal period.

As used in this rule, ‘‘appeal period’’ includesany extension of such period obtained pursuantto Section 66-1 (a).

(b) When appeal period beginsIf notice of the judgment or decision is given in

open court, the appeal period shall begin on thatday. If notice is given only by mail, the appealperiod shall begin on the day that notice wasmailed to counsel and pro se parties of record bythe trial court clerk. The failure to give notice ofjudgment to a nonappearing party shall not affectthe running of the appeal period.

In criminal cases where the appeal is from ajudgment of conviction, the appeal period shallbegin when sentence is pronounced in open court.

In civil jury cases, the appeal period shall beginwhen the verdict is accepted.

(c) New appeal period(1) How new appeal period is createdIf a motion is filed within the appeal period that,

if granted, would render the judgment, decisionor acceptance of the verdict ineffective, either anew twenty day period or applicable statutory timeperiod for filing the appeal shall begin on the daythat notice of the ruling is given on the last such

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63-6. Waiver of Fees, Costs and Security—Civil Cases63-7. Waiver of Fees, Costs and Security—Criminal

Cases63-8. Ordering and Filing of Transcripts63-8A. Electronic Copies of Transcripts63-9. Filing Withdrawals of Appeals or Writs of Error63-10. Preargument Conferences

outstanding motion, except as provided for addituror remittitur in the next paragraph.

If a motion for additur or remittitur is filed withinthe appeal period and granted, a new twenty dayappeal period shall begin upon the earlier of (A)acceptance of the additur or remittitur or (B) expi-ration of the time set for the acceptance. If themotion is denied, the new appeal period shallbegin on the day that notice of the ruling is given.

Motions that, if granted, would render a judg-ment, decision or acceptance of the verdict inef-fective include, but are not limited to, motions thatseek: the opening or setting aside of the judgment;a new trial; the setting aside of the verdict; judg-ment notwithstanding the verdict; reargument ofthe judgment or decision; collateral source reduc-tion; additur; remittitur; or any alteration of theterms of the judgment.

Motions that do not give rise to a new appealperiod include those that seek: clarification orarticulation, as opposed to alteration, of the termsof the judgment or decision; a written or tran-scribed statement of the trial court’s decision; orreargument of a motion listed in the previousparagraph.

If, within the appeal period, any motion is filed,pursuant to Section 63-6 or 63-7, seeking waiverof fees, costs and security or appointment of coun-sel, a new twenty day appeal period or statutoryperiod for filing the appeal shall begin on the daythat notice of the ruling is given on the last suchoutstanding motion. If a party files, pursuant toSection 66-6, a motion for review of any suchmotion, the new appeal period shall begin on theday that notice of the ruling is given on the motionfor review.

(2) Who may appeal during new appealperiod

If a new appeal period arises due to the filing ofa motion that, if granted, would render a judgment,decision or acceptance of the verdict ineffective,


any party may take an appeal during the newappeal period regardless of who filed or prevailedupon such motion. If, however, a new appealperiod arises due to the filing of a motion for waiverof fees, costs and security or a motion for appoint-ment of counsel, only the party who filed suchmotion may take an appeal during the newappeal period.

(3) What may be appealed during newappeal period

The new appeal period may be used for appeal-ing the original judgment or decision and/or forappealing any order that gave rise to the newappeal period. Such period may also be used foramending an existing appeal pursuant to Section61-9 to challenge the ruling that gave rise to thenew appeal period. Rulings on motions for waiverof fees, costs and security or motions for appoint-ment of counsel may not be appealed during thenew appeal period but may be challenged bymotion for review in accordance with Section 66-6.

(d) When motion to stay briefing obligationsmay be filed

If, after an appeal has been taken but beforethe appeal period has expired, any motion is filedthat, if granted, would render the judgment, deci-sion or acceptance of the verdict ineffective, anyparty may move to stay the briefing obligations ofthe parties in accordance with Section 67-12.

(e) Simultaneous filing of motionsAny party filing more than one motion that, if

granted, would render the judgment, decision oracceptance of the verdict ineffective, shall filesuch motions simultaneously insofar as simulta-neous filing is possible.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4009.) (Amended July 21, 1999, totake effect Jan. 1, 2000; amended Sept. 22, 2004, to takeeffect Jan. 1, 2005; amended June 17, 2008, to take effectJan. 1, 2009.)

HISTORY—2009: In 2009, ‘‘or statutory period for filing theappeal’’ was added to the first sentence of the fifth paragraphof subdivision (1) of subsection (c).

COMMENTARY—2009: This amendment makes clear thata new twenty day appeal period or statutory time period forfiling the appeal commences on the day that notice of a rulingis issued on the last outstanding motion for waiver of fees,costs and security or appointment of counsel.

Sec. 63-2. Expiration of Time Limitations;Counting DaysIn determining the last day for filing any papers,

the last day shall, and the first day shall not, becounted. Time shall be counted by calendar, notworking, days.

When the last day of any limitation of time forfiling any paper under these rules or an order ofthe court falls on a day when the office of the trialcourt or of the appellate clerk is not required to

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be open, the paper may be filed on the next daywhen such office is required so to be open.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4010.)

Sec. 63-3. Filing Appeal in General; Numberof CopiesThe original appeal form shall be filed with the

clerk of the trial court accompanied by a certifica-tion that a copy thereof has been served on eachcounsel of record in accordance with the provi-sions of Section 62-7.

At the time the appeal is filed, the appellantshall, as set forth in Section 63-5, pay to the clerkof the trial court all required fees.

The clerk of the trial court shall endorse on theoriginal appeal form the date and time of filingand the receipt, or waiver, of fees. In addition,in noncriminal matters, the trial court clerk shall,without cost, provide the appellant with a copy ofthe docket sheet (DS1) listing the counsel for allparties. The trial court clerk shall photocopy theendorsed appeal form and return a copy of it tothe appellant, who shall file it forthwith, togetherwith the docket sheet and the papers required bySection 63-4, with the appellate clerk. The clerkof the trial court shall also send a copy of theendorsed appeal form to the trial judge and, incriminal matters, to the office of the chief state’sattorney, appellate bureau.

The appellate clerk, upon receipt of the copyof the endorsed appeal form from the appellant,shall docket the appeal, affix to the copy receivedthe docket number assigned to the appeal andsend one copy to the trial judge and one copy toeach party to the appeal and, in criminal matters,to the office of the chief state’s attorney, appel-late bureau.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4012.)

Sec. 63-4. Additional Papers to Be Filed byAppellant and Appellee when Filing Appeal(a) At the time the appellant sends a copy of

the endorsed appeal form and the docket sheetto the appellate clerk, the appellant shall also sendthe appellate clerk an original and one copy ofthe following:

(1) A preliminary statement of the issuesintended for presentation on appeal. If any appel-lee wishes to (A) present for review alternategrounds upon which the judgment may beaffirmed, (B) present for review adverse rulingsor decisions of the court which should be consid-ered on appeal in the event the appellant isawarded a new trial, or (C) claim that a new trialrather than a directed judgment should be orderedif the appellant is successful on the appeal, thatappellee shall file a preliminary statement of


issues within twenty days from the filing of theappellant’s preliminary statement of the issues.

Whenever the failure to identify an issue in apreliminary statement of issues prejudices anopposing party, the court may refuse to considersuch issue.

(2) A preliminary designation of the specificpleadings in the trial court case file which theappellant deems necessary to include in therecord including their dates of filing in the trialcourt, and, if applicable, their number as listed onthe docket sheet. If any other party objects to theinclusion of any pleadings in the trial court casefile designated by the appellant or deems it neces-sary to include other pleadings in the record, thatparty may, within twenty days from the filing ofthe appellant’s designation of the record, file anobjection to the designation of the appellant, orfile a designation of those other pleadings deemednecessary. No portion of the transcript of evidenceshall be designated for inclusion in the record. Anyobjection or proposed supplemental designationshall be reviewed by the appellate clerk pursuantto Section 68-3. The appellant shall file a reviseddesignation of the specific pleadings at the timethe brief of the appellant is filed.

(3) A certificate stating that no transcript isdeemed necessary, or a copy of the transcriptorder acknowledgment form (JD-ES-38) with sec-tion I thereof completed, filed with the officialreporter pursuant to Section 63-8. If any otherparty deems any other parts of the transcript nec-essary, that party shall, within twenty days fromthe filing of the appellant’s transcript papers, filea copy of the order form (JD-ES-38) which thatparty has placed in compliance with Section 63-8.

If the appellant is to rely on transcript deliveredprior to the taking of the appeal, an order form(JD-ES-38) shall be filed stating that an electronicversion of a previously delivered transcript hasbeen ordered. The detailed statement of the tran-script to be relied on required by Section 63-8also must be filed. If any other party deems anyother parts of the transcript necessary, and thoseparts have not been delivered at the time of thetaking of the appeal, that party shall have twentydays to order those additional parts. If any otherparty is to rely on transcript delivered prior to thetaking of the appeal, an order form (JD-ES-38)shall be filed within twenty days, stating that anelectronic version of a previously delivered tran-script has been ordered.

(4) A docketing statement containing the follow-ing information to the extent known or reasonablyascertainable by the appellant: (A) the names andaddresses of all parties to the appeal and theirtrial and appellate counsel and the names and

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addresses of all persons having a legal interestin the cause on appeal sufficient to raise a sub-stantial question whether a judge should be dis-qualified from participating in the decision on thecase by virtue of that judge’s personal or financialinterest in any such persons; (B) the case namesand docket numbers of all pending appeals to thesupreme court or appellate court which arise fromsubstantially the same controversy as the causeon appeal, or involve issues closely related tothose presented by the appeal; (C) whether therewere exhibits in the trial court; and (D) in criminalcases, whether the defendant is incarcerated asa result of the proceedings in which the appeal isbeing taken. If additional information is orbecomes known to, or is reasonably ascertainableby the appellee, the appellee shall file a docketingstatement supplementing the information requiredto be provided by the appellant.

(5) In all noncriminal matters, a preargumentconference statement.

(6) Except for (A) habeas corpus matters basedon criminal convictions, (B) pre- and postjudgmentorders in matters claiming dissolution of marriage,legal separation or annulment, (C) prejudgmentremedies under chapter 903a of the General Stat-utes and (D) actions of foreclosure of title to realproperty, in all noncriminal cases, a draft judgmentfile prepared in the form prescribed by Section 6-2 et seq. If any appellee disagrees in any respectwith the draft judgment file, that appellee shall fileeither a statement specifying the disagreement ora separate draft judgment file within twenty daysof the filing of the appellant’s draft. The appellateclerk shall transmit the appellant’s draft judgmentfile and any disagreeing statements or other draftsto the trial court clerk. The trial court clerk shall,within twenty days of receipt of such documentsand, if necessary, after consultation with the judgewho tried the case, file the original judgment file,sending copies, in the manner prescribed by Sec-tion 68-1, to the appellate clerk. The appellateclerk shall send copies to all counsel of recordon the appeal. Any objections to the form of thejudgment file may thereafter be raised only by amotion for rectification under Section 66-5.

If the trial court clerk fails to file the originaljudgment file within twenty days as required, theappellant may file with the appellate clerk a noticethat the judgment file has not been so filed. Theappellate clerk shall notify the trial court clerk andthe trial judge of the pending appeal and the factthat the disagreement over the judgment file hasnot been resolved, after which the trial court clerkshall promptly file the judgment file as pre-scribed above.


(7) Except for habeas corpus matters based oncriminal convictions and all cases in which theattorney general is a party, has appeared onbehalf of a party or has filed an amicus brief inproceedings prior to the appeal, in all noncriminalcases where the constitutionality of a state statutehas been challenged, a notice identifying the stat-ute, the name and address of the party challeng-ing it, and whether the statute’s constitutionalitywas upheld by the trial court. The appellate clerkshall send a copy of such notice to the attorneygeneral.

(8) In matters in which documents are underseal, conditionally or otherwise, or limited as todisclosure, a copy of the time, date, scope andduration of sealing order form (JD-CL-76) shall beattached to the appeal form. (See Section 77-2.)

(b) Except as otherwise provided, a party mayas of right file amendments to the preliminarystatement of issues or the designation of thepleadings in the trial court case file at any timeuntil that party’s brief is filed. Amendments to thedocketing statement may be filed at any time.Amendments to the transcript statement may bemade only with leave of the court. If leave to filesuch an amendment is granted, the adverse partyshall have the right to move for permission to filea supplemental brief and for an extension of time.Amendments to the preargument conferencestatement shall not be presented in writing butmay be presented orally at the preargument con-ference, if one is held.

(c) Failure to comply with this rule shall bedeemed as sufficient reason to schedule a casefor sanctions under Section 85-3 or for dismissalunder Section 85-1.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4013.) (Amended April 3, 2002, totake effect Nov.1, 2002; amended Oct. 14, 2003, to take effectJan. 1, 2004; amended Jan. 4, 2007, to take effect Jan. 1,2008.)

Sec. 63-5. FeesAt the time of filing the appeal, the appellant,

or one of the appellants, shall, unless the appeal istaken by the state, or the costs have been waivedpursuant to Section 63-6 or 63-7, pay to the clerkof the trial court the fees provided by statute.Security for costs is not required to take an appeal,but security may at any time, on motion and noticeto the appellant, be ordered by the court. Suchsecurity shall be filed with the trial court.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4015.)

Sec. 63-6. Waiver of Fees, Costs and Secu-rity—Civil CasesIf a party in any case where fees and costs

may lawfully be waived is indigent and desires toappeal, that party may, within the time provided

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by the rules for taking an appeal, make writtenapplication, to the court to which the fees requiredby statute or rule are to be paid, for relief frompayment of fees, costs and expenses. The appli-cation must be under oath and recite, or it must beaccompanied by an affidavit reciting, the groundsupon which the applicant proposes to appeal andthe facts concerning the applicant’s financialstatus.

The judicial authority shall assign the requestfor waiver of fees, costs and expenses for a hear-ing within twenty days of its filing and shall actpromptly on the application following the hearing.Where a request arises out of a habeas corpusproceeding, the request shall be handled pursuantto Section 63-7.

If the court is satisfied that the applicant is indi-gent and has a statutory or constitutional right tocourt appointed counsel or a statutory right toappeal without payment of fees, costs andexpenses, the court may (1) waive payment bythe applicant of fees specified by statute and oftaxable costs, and waive the requirement of Sec-tion 63-5 concerning the furnishing of security forcosts upon appeal, and (2) order that the neces-sary expenses of prosecuting the appeal be paidby the state. The court may not consider the rela-tive merits of a proposed appeal in acting uponan application pursuant to this section.

Before incurring any expense in excess of $100,including the expense of obtaining a transcript ofthe necessary proceedings or testimony, counselfor the applicant shall obtain the permission of thejudge who presided at the applicant’s trial. Thejudge shall authorize a transcript at state expenseonly of the portions of testimony or proceedingswhich may be pertinent to the issues on appeal.

The sole remedy of any party desiring the courtto review an order concerning the waiver of fees,costs and security shall be by motion for reviewunder Section 66-6.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4017.) (Amended July 21, 1999, totake effect Jan. 1, 2000; amened June 2, 2005, to take effectJan. 1, 2006.)

Sec. 63-7. Waiver of Fees, Costs and Secu-rity—Criminal CasesAny defendant in a criminal case who is indigent

and desires to appeal, and has not previouslybeen determined to be indigent, may, within thetime provided by the rules for taking an appeal,make written application to the court to which thefees required by statute or rule are to be paid, forrelief from payment of fees, costs and expenses.The application must be under oath and recite, orit must be accompanied by an affidavit reciting,the grounds upon which the applicant proposes


to appeal and the facts concerning the applicant’sfinancial status.

The application must be sent to the publicdefender’s office for investigation. The judicialauthority shall assign the request for waiver offees, costs and expenses for hearing within twentydays after filing, and the trial counsel, the trialpublic defender’s office to which the applicationhad been sent for investigation and the chief oflegal services of the public defender’s office shallbe notified in writing by the clerk’s office of thedate of such hearing.

The judicial authority shall act promptly on theapplication following the hearing. Upon determi-nation by the judicial authority that a defendant ina criminal case is indigent, the court to which thefees required by statute or rule are to be paidmay (1) waive payment by the defendant of feesspecified by statute and of taxable costs, andwaive the requirement of Section 63-5 concerningthe furnishing of security for costs upon appeal,(2) order that the necessary expenses of prose-cuting the appeal be paid by the state, and (3)appoint appellate counsel and permit the with-drawal of the trial attorney’s appearance providedthe judicial authority is satisfied that that attorneyhas cooperated fully with appellate counsel in thepreparation of the defendant’s appeal as set forthin Section 43-33.

When the judicial authority has appointed anattorney in private practice to represent thedefendant upon appeal, the attorney shall obtainthe approval of the judicial authority who presidedat the trial before incurring any expense in excessof $100, including the expense of obtaining a tran-script of the necessary proceedings or testimony.The judicial authority shall authorize a transcriptat state expense only of the portions of proceed-ings or testimony which may be pertinent to theissues on appeal.

The sole remedy of any defendant desiring thecourt to review an order concerning the waiver offees, costs and security or the appointment ofcounsel shall be by motion for review under Sec-tion 66-6.


Sec. 63-8. Ordering and Filing of Transcripts(a) On or before the date of filing the appeal,

the appellant shall, subject to Section 63-6 or 63-7 if applicable, order, using Form JD-ES-38, fromthe official reporter a transcript and an electronicversion of a transcript of the parts of the proceed-ings not already on file which the appellant deemsnecessary for the proper presentation of theappeal. Such order shall specify the case name,

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docket number, judge’s name(s), and hearingdate(s), and include a detailed statement describ-ing the parts of the proceedings of which a tran-script has been ordered, for example, ‘‘the voirdire on Monday, May 25, 1995,’’ or ‘‘the entiresentencing proceeding before Smith, J., on June4, 1995.’’ If any other party deems other parts ofthe transcript necessary, that party shall, withintwenty days from the filing of the appeal, similarlyorder those parts, and an electronic version ofthose parts, in writing from the official reporter.

(b) A party must make satisfactory arrange-ments for payment of the costs of the transcript,pursuant to guidelines established by the chiefcourt administrator. After those arrangementshave been made, the official reporter shall sendthe party who ordered the transcript a writtenacknowledgment of the order, including an esti-mate of the date of delivery of, and the numberof pages in, the transcript. The ordering party shallfile it forthwith with the appellate clerk with certifi-cation pursuant to Section 62-7 to all counsel ofrecord. The official reporter shall also immediatelysend copies of the acknowledgment to the chiefcourt administrator and the appellate clerk. If thefinal portion of the transcript cannot be deliveredon or before the estimated delivery date on theacknowledgment, the official reporter will, not laterthan the next business day, issue to the orderingparty an amended transcript order acknowledg-ment form (JD-ES-38A) with a revised estimateddelivery date and shall also immediately send cop-ies of the amended acknowledgment form to thechief court administrator and the appellate clerk.The ordering party shall file the amendedacknowledgment form forthwith with the appellateclerk with certification pursuant to Section 62-7 toall counsel of record.

(c) The official reporter shall cause each courtreporter involved in the production of the transcriptto prepare a certificate of delivery stating the num-ber of pages in the transcript and the date of itsdelivery to the party who ordered it, and a certifi-cate stating that an electronic version of the tran-script has been produced and delivered inaccordance with section 63-8A. If delivery is bymail, the transcript, including the electronic ver-sion of the transcript, shall be mailed first classcertified, return receipt requested. The date ofmailing is the date of delivery. If delivery is manual,the court reporter shall obtain a receipt acknowl-edging delivery. The date of the receipt is the dateof delivery. Each court reporter shall forward thecertificates of delivery to the official reporter witha copy to the chief court administrator. Uponreceipt of all the certificates of delivery, the officialreporter shall forward to the appellate clerk, with


copies to the chief court administrator and theparty who ordered the transcript, including anelectronic transcript, a certificate of completionstating the total number of pages in the entiretranscript and the date of final delivery of the tran-script.

(d) Upon receipt of the certificate of completionfrom the official reporter, counsel who ordered thetranscript shall file a certification that a paper copyof the certificate of completion has been sent toall counsel of record in accordance with Section62-7.

(e) (1) The appellant is required, either beforeor simultaneously with the filing of the appellant’sbrief, to file with the appellate clerk one unmarked,nonreturnable copy of the transcript, including acopy of the court reporter’s certification page,ordered pursuant to subsection (a).

(2) All other parties are likewise required, eitherbefore or simultaneously with the filing of theirbriefs, to file those additional portions ordered pur-suant to subsection (a) but shall not include theportions already filed by the appellant.

(3) The party filing the transcript shall providethe appellate clerk and all opposing counsel witha list of the number, and inclusive dates, of thevolumes being filed. Form JD-CL-62, or one simi-lar to it, should be used to satisfy this subsection.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4019.) (Amended April 3, 2002, totake effect Nov. 1, 2002.)

Sec. 63-8A. Electronic Copies of Tran-scripts(a) Any party ordering a transcript of evidence

as part of an appeal, a writ of error, or a motionfor review shall, at the same time, order from thecourt reporter an electronic version of the tran-script. If the party already has the transcript to besubmitted to the court, the party shall order anelectronic version of the transcript within theperiod specified by these rules for the ordering ofa transcript.

(b) Whenever an electronic transcript is orderedin accordance with this section, the court reportershall produce, on disks provided by the officialcourt reporter, an electronic version of the tran-script in Rich Text File (rtf) format.

(c) The court reporter shall file a disk containingthe electronic version of the transcript with theappropriate court and with the ordering party,together with a certification that the electronic ver-sion of the transcript is accurate and a certificateof delivery.

(d) The electronic version of the transcript shallbe filed with the court and delivered to the orderingparty at the same time as the paper copy is deliv-ered to the ordering party, provided that if only an

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electronic version of the transcript is ordered, theelectronic version shall be filed and deliveredwithin ten days of its order unless a different timeperiod is specified by the court.

(Adopted Sept. 12, 2002, to take effect Nov.1, 2002.)

Sec. 63-9. Filing Withdrawals of Appeals orWrits of ErrorA withdrawal of an appeal or writ of error shall

be filed with the appellate clerk, who shall senda copy to the trial judge and the clerk of the trialcourt.

Prior to oral argument, an appeal or writ of errormay be withdrawn as of right; thereafter it maybe withdrawn only on motion to the court in whichthe appeal is pending.

Unless an appeal or writ of error is withdrawnon the consent of the appellee without costs, costsshall be taxed as if the trial court judgment hadbeen affirmed.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4038.)

Sec. 63-10. Preargument ConferencesThe chief justice or the chief judge or a designee

may, in cases deemed appropriate, direct theappellate clerk to schedule conferences of theparties in advance of oral argument. The chiefjustice may designate a judge trial referee orsenior judge to preside at a conference. Thescheduling of or attendance at a preargumentconference shall not affect the duty of the partiesto adhere to the times set for the filing of briefs.Failure of counsel to attend a preargument confer-ence may result in the imposition of sanctionsunder Section 85-2. Unless other arrangementshave been approved in advance by the confer-ence judge, parties shall be present at the confer-ence site and available for consultation. When aparty against whom a claim is made is insured, aninsurance adjuster for such insurance companyshall be available by telephone at the time of suchpreargument conference unless the conferencejudge, in his or her discretion, requires the atten-dance of the adjuster at the conference. The con-ference proceedings shall not be brought to theattention of the court by the presiding officer orany of the parties unless the conference resultsin a final disposition of the appeal.

The following matters may be considered:(1) Possibility of settlement;(2) Simplification of issues;(3) Amendments to the preliminary statement

of issues;(4) Transfer to the supreme court;(5) Timetable for the filing of briefs;(6) En banc review; and(7) Such other matters as the conference judge

shall consider appropriate.


All matters scheduled for a preargument confer-ence before a judge trial referee are referred tothat official by the chief court administrator pursu-ant to General Statutes § 52-434a, which vestsjudge trial referees with the same powers and

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jurisdiction as superior court judges and seniorjudges, including the power to implement settle-ments by opening and modifying judgments.



CHAPTER 64

PROCEDURE CONCERNING MEMORANDUM OF DECISION

Sec. Sec.64-1. Statement of Decision by Trial Court; When

Required; How Stated; Contents


Sec. 64-1. Statement of Decision by TrialCourt; When Required; How Stated;Contents(Amended July 23, 1998, to take effect Jan. 1, 1999.)(a) The court shall state its decision either orally

or in writing, in all of the following: (1) in renderingjudgments in trials to the court in civil and criminalmatters, including rulings regarding motions forstay of executions, (2) in ruling on aggravatingand mitigating factors in capital penalty hearingsconducted to the court, (3) in ruling on motionsto dismiss under Section 41-8, (4) in ruling onmotions to suppress under Section 41-12, (5) ingranting a motion to set aside a verdict underSection 16-35, and (6) in making any other rulingsthat constitute a final judgment for purposes ofappeal under Section 61-1, including those thatdo not terminate the proceedings. The court’sdecision shall encompass its conclusion as toeach claim of law raised by the parties and thefactual basis therefor. If oral, the decision shallbe recorded by a court reporter and, if there is anappeal, the trial court shall create a memorandumof decision for use in the appeal by ordering atranscript of the portion of the proceedings inwhich it stated its oral decision. The transcript ofthe decision shall be signed by the trial judge andfiled in the trial court clerk’s office.

This section does not apply in small claimsactions and to matters listed in Section 64-2.

(b) If the trial judge fails to file a memorandumof decision or sign a transcript of the oral decision

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64-2. Exceptions to Section 64-1

in any case covered by subsection (a), the appel-lant may file with the appellate clerk a notice thatthe decision has not been filed in compliance withsubsection (a). The notice shall specify the trialjudge involved and the date of the ruling for whichno memorandum of decision was filed. The appel-late clerk shall promptly notify the trial judge ofthe filing of the appeal and the notice. The trialcourt shall thereafter comply with subsection (a).


Sec. 64-2. Exceptions to Section 64-1(a) In any uncontested matter where no aspect

of the matter is in dispute, in any pendente litefamily relations matter whether contested oruncontested, or in any dismissal under Section14-3, the oral or written decision as provided inSection 64-1 is not required. The trial clerk shall,however, promptly notify the trial judge of the filingof the appeal.

(b) Within twenty days from the filing of anappeal from a contested pendente lite order orfrom a dismissal under Section 14-3 in which anoral or written decision has not been made pursu-ant to subsection (a), each party to the appealshall file a brief with the trial court discussing thelegal and factual issues in the matter. Withintwenty days after the briefs have been filed bythe parties, the court shall file a written memoran-dum of decision stating the factual basis for itsdecision on the issues in the matter and its conclu-sion as to each claim of law raised by the parties.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4060.)


CHAPTER 65

TRANSFER OF CASES

Sec. Sec.65-1. Transfer of Cases by Supreme Court65-2. Motion for Transfer from Appellate Court to

Supreme Court


Sec. 65-1. Transfer of Cases by SupremeCourtWhen, pursuant to General Statutes § 51-199

(c), the supreme court (1) transfers to itself acause in the appellate court, or (2) transfers acause or a class of causes from itself to the appel-late court, the appellate clerk shall notify all partiesand the clerk of the trial court that the appeal hasbeen transferred. A case so transferred shall beentered upon the docket of the court to which ithas been transferred. There shall be no fee onsuch transfer. The appellate clerk may require theparties to take such steps as may be necessaryto make the appeal conform to the rules of thecourt to which it has been transferred, for exam-ple, supply the court with additional copies of therecord and the briefs.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4023.)

Sec. 65-2. Motion for Transfer from Appel-late Court to Supreme CourtAfter the filing of an appeal in the appellate

court, but in no event after the case has beenassigned for hearing, any party may move fortransfer to the supreme court. The motion,addressed to the supreme court, shall specify, inaccordance with provisions of Section 66-2, thereasons why the party believes that the supremecourt should hear the appeal directly. A copy ofthe memorandum of decision of the trial court, ifany, shall be attached to the motion. The filing ofa motion for transfer shall not stay proceedingsin the appellate court.

If, at any time before the final determination ofan appeal, the appellate court is of the opinionthat the appeal is appropriate for supreme court

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65-3. Transfer of Petitions for Review of Bail Orders fromAppellate Court to Supreme Court

65-4. Transfer of Matters Brought to Wrong Court

review, the appellate court may file a brief state-ment of the reasons why transfer is appropriate.The supreme court shall treat the statement asa motion to transfer and shall promptly decidewhether to transfer the case to itself.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4024; 4135.)

Sec. 65-3. Transfer of Petitions for Reviewof Bail Orders from Appellate Court toSupreme CourtWhenever a petition for review of an order of

the superior court concerning release is filed inthe appellate court pursuant to General Statutes§ 54-63g in any case on appeal to the supremecourt or where the defendant could appeal to thesupreme court if convicted, such petition shall betransferred to the supreme court pursuant to theexercise of the supreme court’s transfer jurisdic-tion under General Statutes § 51-199 (c) forreview of such order.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4025.)

Sec. 65-4. Transfer of Matters Brought toWrong CourtAny appeal or cause brought to the supreme

court or the appellate court which is not properlywithin the jurisdiction of the court to which it isbrought shall not be dismissed for the reason thatit was brought to the wrong court but shall betransferred by the appellate clerk to the court withjurisdiction and entered on its docket. Any timelyfiled appeal or cause transferred shall be consid-ered timely filed in the appropriate court. Theappellate clerk shall notify all parties and the clerkof the trial court that the appeal or cause has beentransferred. In the event that an appeal or causeis so transferred, no additional fees or security forcosts will be due.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4027.)


CHAPTER 66

MOTIONS AND OTHER PROCEDURES

Sec. Sec.66-1. Extension of Time66-2. Motions, Petitions and Applications; Supporting

Memoranda66-3. Motion Procedures and Filing66-4. Hearings on Motions


Sec. 66-1. Extension of Time(a) Except as otherwise provided in these rules,

the judge who tried the case may, for good causeshown, extend the time limit provided for filing theappeal, except that such extension shall be of noeffect if the time within which the appeal must betaken is set by statute and is a time limit thatthe legislature intended as a limit on the subjectmatter jurisdiction of the court to which the appealis taken. In no event shall the trial judge extendthe time for filing the appeal to a date which ismore than twenty days from the expiration dateof the appeal period. Where a motion for extensionof the period of time within which to appeal hasbeen filed at least ten days before expiration ofthe time limit sought to be extended, the partyseeking to appeal shall have no less than ten daysfrom issuance of notice of denial of the motion tofile the appeal.

For extensions of time to file a cross appeal,see Section 61-8; to file a petition for certificationto the supreme court, see Section 84-7; to file apetition for certification to the appellate court, seeSection 81-5.

(b) If an appeal has been filed, the time providedfor taking any step necessary to prosecute ordefend the appeal may be extended by the courtin which the appeal is pending.

(c) (1) Extensions shall be granted only upona written motion filed with the clerk of the trialcourt, in the case of a preappeal motion, and withthe appellate clerk, in the case of a postappealmotion. The motion, only an original of which needbe filed, should set forth the reason for therequested extension, and shall be accompaniedby a certification that complies with Section 62-7.An attorney filing such a motion on a client’s behalfshall also indicate that a copy of the motion hasbeen mailed to each of his or her clients who areparties to the appeal. The moving party shall alsoinclude a statement as to whether the other partiesconsent or object to the motion. A motion for

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66-5. Motion for Rectification; Motion for Articulation66-6. Motion for Review; In General66-7. Motion for Review of Motion for Rectification of

Appeal or Articulation66-8. Motion to Dismiss

extension of time to file a brief must specify thecurrent status of the brief or preparations therefor,indicate the estimated date of completion, and, incriminal cases, state whether the defendant isincarcerated as a result of the proceeding in whichthe appeal has been taken.

(2) The appellate clerk is authorized to grant ordeny motions for extension of time promptly upontheir filing. Motions for extension of time to com-plete any step necessary to prosecute or defendthe appeal, to move for or oppose a motion forreconsideration, or to petition for or oppose a peti-tion for certification will not be granted except forgood cause. Claims of good cause shall be raisedpromptly after the cause arises.

(3) An opposing party who objects to a motionfor extension of time filed pursuant to subsection(b) of this section shall file an objection with rea-sons in support thereof with the appellate clerkwithin five days from the filing of the motion.

(4) A motion for extension of time shall be filedat least ten days before the expiration of the timelimit sought to be extended or, if the cause forsuch extension arises during the ten day period,as soon as reasonably possible after such causehas arisen. No motion under this rule shall begranted unless it is filed before the time limitsought to be extended by such motion hasexpired.

(5) Any action by the trial court judge pursuantto subsection (a) of this section or the appellateclerk pursuant to subsection (c) (2) of this sectionis reviewable pursuant to Section 66-6.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4040.) (Amended July 21, 1999, totake effect Jan. 1, 2000; amended Feb. 1, 2005, to take effectJan. 1, 2006.)

Sec. 66-2. Motions, Petitions and Applica-tions; Supporting Memoranda(a) Motions, petitions and applications shall be

specific. No motion, petition or application will beconsidered unless it clearly sets forth in separateparagraphs appropriately captioned: (1) a brief


history of the case; (2) the specific facts uponwhich the moving party relies; and (3) the legalgrounds upon which the moving party relies. Aseparate memorandum of law may but need notbe filed. If the moving party intends to file a memo-randum of law in support of the motion, petitionor application, however, such memorandum shallbe filed with the motion, petition or application. Aparty intending to oppose a motion, petition orapplication shall file a brief statement clearly set-ting forth in separate paragraphs appropriatelycaptioned the factual and legal grounds for oppo-sition within ten days after the filing of the motion,petition or application. If an opposing partychooses to file a memorandum of law in oppositionto a motion, petition or application, that party shalldo so within ten days after the filing of the motion,petition or application. Responses to memorandain opposition are not permitted.

(b) Except with special permission of the appel-late clerk, the motion, petition or application andmemorandum of law taken together shall notexceed ten pages, and the memorandum of lawin opposition thereto shall not exceed ten pages.

(c) Where counsel for the moving party certifiesthat all other parties to the appeal have consentedto the granting of the motion, petition or applica-tion, the motion, petition or application may besubmitted to the court immediately upon filing, andmay be acted upon without awaiting expiration ofthe time for filing opposition papers. Notice of suchconsent certification shall be indicated on the firstpage of the document.

(d) Motions which are not dispositive of theappeal may be ruled upon by one or more mem-bers of the court subject to review by a full panelupon a motion for reconsideration pursuant toSection 71-5.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4041.)

Sec. 66-3. Motion Procedures and FilingExcept as otherwise provided, the original and

fifteen copies of motions, petitions, applications,memoranda of law and stipulations brought to thecourt shall be filed with the appellate clerk. Allpapers shall contain a certification that a copy hasbeen served on each other counsel of record inaccordance with the provisions of Section 62-7.No motion or other paper mentioned above shallbe filed after expiration of the time for its filing,and no amendment to any of these filings shallbe filed, except on written motion and by consentof the court. Motions shall be typewritten and fullydouble spaced, and shall not exceed three linesto the vertical inch or twenty-seven lines to thepage. Footnotes and block quotations may be sin-gle spaced. Only the following two typefaces, of

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12 point or larger size, are approved for use inmotions: arial and univers. Each page of a motion,petition, application, memorandum of law, stipula-tion and opposition shall have as a minimum thefollowing margins: top, 1 inch; left, 1 and 1/4 inch;right, 1/2 inch; and bottom, 1 inch. A certificateshall be attached to the signed original paper,indicating that it is in compliance with all the provi-sions of this section.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4042.) (Amended Oct. 16, 2002, totake effect Jan. 1, 2003; amended May 15, 2003, to take effectJan. 1, 2004.)

Sec. 66-4. Hearings on MotionsHearings on motions will be assigned only upon

order of the court and only in exceptional cases.(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4043.)

Sec. 66-5. Motion for Rectification; Motionfor ArticulationA motion seeking corrections in the transcript

or the trial court record or seeking an articulationor further articulation of the decision of the trialcourt shall be called a motion for rectification ora motion for articulation, whichever is applicable.Any motion filed pursuant to this section shall statewith particularity the relief sought.

Except in cases where the trial court was athree judge court, an original and three copies ofsuch motion shall be filed with the appellate clerk.Where the trial court was a three judge court, anoriginal and five copies of such motion shall befiled. Any other party may oppose the motion byfiling an original and three or five copies of anopposition with the appellate clerk within ten daysof the filing of the motion for rectification or articu-lation.

The appellate clerk shall forward the motion forrectification or articulation and the opposition, ifany, to the trial judge who decided, or presidedover, the subject matter of the motion for rectifica-tion or articulation for a decision on the motion. Ifany party requests it and it is deemed necessaryby the trial court, the trial court shall hold a hearingat which arguments may be heard, evidence takenor a stipulation of counsel received and approved.The trial court may make such corrections or addi-tions as are necessary for the proper presentationof the issues raised or for the proper presentationof questions reserved. The trial judge shall file thedecision on the motion with the appellate clerk.

Nothing herein is intended to affect the existingpractice with respect to opening and correctingjudgments and the records on which they arebased. The trial judge shall file any such orderchanging the judgment or the record with theappellate clerk.


Corrections made before the record is preparedshall be included in it. If the record has been pre-pared, the appellate clerk may prepare a supple-mental record, to be distributed in the same wayas the original record.

The sole remedy of any party desiring the courthaving appellate jurisdiction to review the trialcourt’s decision on the motion filed pursuant tothis section or any other correction or additionordered by the trial court during the pendency ofthe appeal shall be by motion for review underSection 66-7.

Upon the filing of a timely motion pursuant toSection 66-1, the appellate clerk may extend thetime for filing briefs until after the trial court hasruled on a motion made pursuant to this sectionor until a motion for review under Section 66-7is decided.

Any motion for rectification or articulation shallbe filed within thirty-five days after the delivery ofthe last portion of the transcripts or, if none, afterthe filing of the appeal, or, if no memorandum ofdecision was filed before the filing of the appeal,after the filing of the memorandum of decision. Ifthe court, sua sponte, sets a different deadlinefrom that provided in Section 67-3 for filing theappellant’s brief, a motion for rectification or artic-ulation shall be filed ten days prior to the deadlinefor filing the appellant’s brief, unless otherwiseordered by the court. The filing deadline may beextended for good cause. No motion for rectifica-tion or articulation shall be filed after the filing ofthe appellant’s brief except for good cause shown.

A motion for further articulation may be filed byany party within twenty days after issuance ofnotice of the filing of an articulation by the trialjudge. A motion for extension of time to file amotion for articulation shall be filed in accordancewith Section 66-1.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4051.) (Amended July 21, 1999, totake effect Jan. 1, 2000; amended July 24, 2002, to take effectOct. 1, 2002.)

Sec. 66-6. Motion for Review; In GeneralThe court may, on written motion for review

stating the grounds for the relief sought, modifyor vacate any order made by the trial court underSection 66-1 (a); any action by the appellate clerkunder Section 66-1 (c) (2); any order made bythe trial court, or by the workers’ compensationcommissioner in cases arising under GeneralStatutes § 31-290a (b), relating to the perfectingof the record for an appeal or the procedure ofprosecuting or defending against an appeal; anyorder made by the trial court concerning a stayof execution in a case on appeal; any order madeby the trial court concerning the waiver of fees,

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costs and security under Section 63-6 or 63-7; orany order concerning the withdrawal of appointedappellate counsel pursuant to Section 62-9 (d).Motions for review shall be filed within ten daysfrom the issuance of notice of the order soughtto be reviewed. Motions for review of the clerk’staxation of costs under judgments of the courthaving appellate jurisdiction shall be governed bySection 71-3.

If a motion for review of a decision depends ona transcript of evidence or proceedings taken bya court reporter, the moving party shall file withthe motion either a transcript or a copy of thetranscript order form (JD-ES-38). The opposingparty may, within one week after the transcript orthe copy of the order form is filed by the movingparty, file either a transcript of additional evidenceor a copy of the order form. Parties filing or order-ing a transcript shall order an electronic versionof the transcript in accordance with Section 63-8A.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4053.) (Amended April 3, 2002, totake effect Nov. 1, 2002; amended June 2, 2005, to take effectJan. 1, 2006.)

Sec. 66-7. Motion for Review of Motion forRectification of Appeal or ArticulationAny party aggrieved by the action of the trial

judge as regards rectification of the appeal orarticulation under Section 66-5 may, within tendays of the issuance of notice of the order soughtto be reviewed, make a written motion for reviewto the court, to be filed with the appellate clerk,and the court may, upon such a motion, directany action it deems proper. If the motion dependsupon a transcript of evidence or proceedingstaken by a court reporter, the procedure set forthin Section 66-6 shall be followed. Correctionswhich the court makes or orders made pursuanthereto shall be included in the prepared recordin the same way in which, under Section 66-5,corrections made by the trial judge are included.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4054.)

Sec. 66-8. Motion to DismissAny claim that an appeal or writ of error should

be dismissed, whether based on lack of jurisdic-tion, failure to file papers within the time allowedor other defect, shall be made by a motion todismiss the appeal or writ. Any such motion mustbe filed in accordance with Sections 66-2 and 66-3 within ten days after the filing of the appeal orthe return day of the writ, or if the ground allegedsubsequently occurs, within ten days after it hasarisen, provided that a motion based on lack ofjurisdiction may be filed at any time. The courtmay on its own motion order that an appeal bedismissed for lack of jurisdiction.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4056.)


CHAPTER 67

BRIEFS

Sec. Sec.67-1. Brief and Appendix67-2. Format; Copies67-3. Page Limitations; Time for Filing Briefs67-4. The Appellant’s Brief; Contents and Organization67-5. The Appellee’s Brief; Contents and Organization67-6. Statutory (§ 53a-46b) Review of Death Sentences67-7. The Amicus Curiae Brief67-8. The Appendix


Sec. 67-1. Brief and AppendixIn any brief or appendix, the plaintiff and

defendant shall be referred to as such rather thanas appellant and appellee, wherever it is possibleto do so; on a reservation the plaintiff below shallbe regarded as the appellant.

Each brief shall contain a concise statement ofthe principal issue or issues involved in theappeal. The statement ordinarily should notexceed one page in length and should be on apage by itself. The court may refuse to receive abrief not complying with this requirement.

The evidence referred to in the brief, and in theappendix if one is filed, will be deemed to embraceall testimony produced at the trial material to theissues on the appeal, although the court may, ifsufficient cause appears, consult the transcriptof evidence on file or the trial court case file tosupplement or explain the evidence.

Any party to an appeal from an administrativeagency who claims that the record before theagency does not support its decision, shall includein such party’s brief or in the appendix theretosuch portions of the record or evidence returnedby the agency but not included in the record asthat party deems material to such claim. If suchportions of the record or evidence have alreadybeen included in another party’s brief or appendix,inclusion in a second brief is not necessary, andreference to such already-filed brief or appendixwill be sufficient. Any other party may include orrefer to in that party’s brief, reply brief or appendixsuch additional portions of the record or the evi-dence as such party deems material. The portionsof the record returned by the agency containedin the record before the court and in an appendixto a brief, supplemented by such papers returnedby the agency as are of such a nature that theycannot be conveniently photocopied, will be

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67-9. Citation of Unreported Decisions67-10. Citation of Supplemental Authorities after Brief Is

Filed67-11. Table of Authorities; Citation of Cases67-12. Stay of Briefing Obligations upon Filing of Certain

Motions after Appeal Is Taken67-13. Briefs in Family and Juvenile Matters and Other

Matters involving Minor Children

deemed to embrace all of the record returned bythe agency material to the issues on the appeal.The court may, however, consult any of the papersreturned by the agency to supplement or explainthe portions contained in the record and briefs.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4064.)

Sec. 67-2. Format; CopiesOriginal briefs and appendices shall be type-

written or clearly photocopied from a typewrittenoriginal on white 81/2 by 11 inch paper. Unlessordered otherwise, the brief shall be copied onone side of the page only. The brief shall be fullydouble spaced; footnotes and block quotationsmay, however, be single spaced. Only the follow-ing two typefaces, of 12 point or larger size, areapproved for use in briefs: arial and univers.

If constitutional provisions, statutes, ordi-nances, regulations or portions of the transcriptare contained in an appendix, they may be repro-duced in their original form so long as the docu-ment is not reduced to less than 75 percent of itsoriginal form.

Each page of a brief or appendix shall have asa minimum the following margins: top, 1 inch; left,1 and 1/4 inch; right, 1/2 inch; and bottom, 1 inch.

Pages shall be numbered in the center of thebottom of the page.

Briefs and appendices shall be firmly bound 1/4inch from the left side, at points approximately 1/4,1/2 and 3/4 of the length of the page, so as to makean easily opened volume.

Any request for deviation from the aboverequirements shall be addressed to the appel-late clerk.

If the appeal is in the supreme court, the originaland twenty-five legible photocopies of each briefand appendix shall be filed with the appellateclerk, accompanied by certification of serviceattached to the original brief only that a copy


thereof has been sent to each counsel of recordand to any trial judge who rendered a decisionwhich is the subject matter of the appeal, in com-pliance with Section 62-7. If the appeal is in theappellate court, the original and fifteen legiblephotocopies of each brief and appendix shall befiled with the appellate clerk, accompanied by cer-tification of service attached to the original briefonly that a copy thereof has been sent to eachcounsel of record and to any trial judge who ren-dered a decision which is the subject matter ofthe appeal, in compliance with Section 62-7. SeeSection 65-1 for cases subsequently transferred.Every brief shall designate on the front page thename, telephone and facsimile numbers of theindividual counsel who is to argue the appeal. Theplaintiff and defendant shall be referred to as suchrather than as appellant and appellee, whereverit is possible to do so. For the purposes of thisrule, on a reservation the plaintiff below shall beregarded as the appellant.

An appendix of any length may be reproducedon both sides of a page; an appendix, however,in excess of fifty numbered pages must be repro-duced on both sides of a page. In addition, anappendix in excess of one hundred numberedpages must be separately bound.

Briefs and separately-bound appendices shallhave a suitable front cover of heavy paper in thecolor indicated: briefs for appellants and plaintiffsin error, light blue; briefs for appellees and defend-ants in error, pink; reply briefs, white; briefs foramicus curiae, light green. Covers of briefs filedfor cross appeals shall be of the same color asindicated for that party on the original appealbriefs. A back cover is not necessary; however,if one is used, it must be white.

Briefs and separately-bound appendices mustbear on the cover, in the following order, from thetop of the page: (1) the name of this court; (2) thenumber of the case; (3) the name of this case asit appears in the judgment file of the trial court; (4)the nature of the brief (e.g., brief of the defendant-appellant; brief of the plaintiff-appellee on theappeal and of the plaintiff-cross appellant on thecross appeal); (5) the name, address and, if theyare different from arguing counsel’s telephoneand facsimile numbers, the telephone and facsim-ile numbers of the party’s counsel of record, andof the arguing counsel, if different. The foregoingshall be displayed in the upper case of an arialor univers typeface of 12 point or larger size. Acertificate shall be attached to the signed, originalbrief, indicating that the brief complies with all theprovisions of this rule.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4064A.) (Amended June 7, 2001,to take effect Sept. 1, 2001.)

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Sec. 67-3. Page Limitations; Time for FilingBriefsExcept as otherwise ordered, the brief of the

appellant shall not exceed thirty-five pages andshall be filed within forty-five days after the deliv-ery date of the transcript ordered by the appellant.In cases where no transcript is required or thetranscript has been received by the appellant priorto the filing of the appeal, the appellant’s briefshall be filed within forty-five days of the filing ofthe appeal.

Any party whose interest in the judgment willnot be affected by the appeal and who intendsnot to file a brief shall inform the appellate clerkof this intent prior to the deadline for the filing ofthe appellee’s brief. In the case of multiple appel-lees, an appellee who supports the position of theappellant shall meet the appellant’s time schedulefor filing a brief.

Except as otherwise ordered, the brief of theappellee shall not exceed thirty-five pages, andshall be filed within thirty days after the filing ofthe appellant’s brief or the delivery date of theportions of the transcript ordered only by thatappellee, whichever is later.

The appellant may within twenty days after thefiling of the appellee’s brief file a reply brief whichshall not exceed fifteen pages.

Where there is a cross appeal, the brief of thecross appellant shall be combined with the briefof the appellee and this brief shall not exceed fiftypages, and shall be filed at the time the appellee’sbrief is due. The brief of the cross appellee shallbe combined with the appellant’s reply brief, ifany, and this brief shall not exceed forty pagesand shall be filed within thirty days after the filingof the original appellee’s brief. The cross appellantmay within twenty days after the filing of the crossappellee’s brief file a cross appellant’s reply briefwhich shall not exceed fifteen pages.

Where cases are consolidated or a joint appealhas been filed, the brief of the appellants andthat of the appellees shall not exceed the pagelimitations specified above.

All page limitations shall be exclusive of appen-dices, the statement of issues, the table of authori-ties, the table of contents, if any, and, in the caseof an amicus brief, the statement of the interestof the amicus curiae required by Section 67-7. Thelast page of a brief shall likewise not be counted ifit contains only the signature of counsel of record.

Briefs shall not exceed the page limitations setforth herein except by permission of the chief jus-tice or chief judge. Requests for permission toexceed the page limitations shall be made by let-ter, filed with the appellate clerk, stating both the


compelling reason for the request and the numberof additional pages sought.

Where a claim relies on the state constitutionas an independent ground for relief, the clerk shall,upon request by letter, grant an additional fivepages for the appellant and appellee briefs, andan additional two pages for the reply brief, whichpages are to be used for the state constitutionalargument only.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4064B.)

Sec. 67-4. The Appellant’s Brief; Contentsand OrganizationThe appellant’s brief shall contain the following:(a) A concise statement setting forth, in sepa-

rately numbered paragraphs, without detail or dis-cussion, the principal issue or issues involved inthe appeal, with appropriate references to thepage or pages of the brief where the issue isdiscussed, pursuant to subsection (d) hereof. Thecourt may refuse to receive a brief not complyingwith this requirement. Such statement shall bedeemed in replacement of and shall supersedethe preliminary statement of issues.

(b) A table of authorities cited in the brief, withreferences to the page or pages of the brief wherethe citations to those authorities appear. Citationsshall be in the form provided in Section 67-11.

(c) A statement of the nature of the proceedingsand of the facts of the case bearing on the issuesraised. The statement of facts shall be in narrativeform, shall be supported by appropriate refer-ences to the page or pages of the transcript or tothe document upon which the party relies, andshall not be unnecessarily detailed or voluminous.

(d) The argument, divided under appropriateheadings into as many parts as there are pointsto be presented, with appropriate references tothe statement of facts or to the page or pages ofthe transcript or to the relevant document. Theargument on each point shall include a separate,brief statement of the standard of review theappellant believes should be applied.

(1) When error is claimed in the trial court’srefusal to charge the jury as requested, the partyclaiming such error shall include in the brief ofthat party or the appendix thereto a verbatimstatement of the relevant portions of the chargeas requested and as given by the court and anyrelevant exceptions to the charge as given andshall recite in narrative form any evidence whichit is claimed would entitle that party to the chargeas requested, with appropriate references to thepage or pages of the transcript.

(2) When error is claimed in the charge to thejury, the brief or appendix shall include a verbatimstatement of all relevant portions of the charge

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and all relevant exceptions to the charge. Unlessessential to review of a claimed error, a verbatimstatement of the entire charge to the jury shouldnot be included in the brief or appendix. Evidencerelevant to the claimed error shall be recited innarrative form with appropriate references to thepage or pages of the transcript.

(3) When error is claimed in any evidentiaryruling in a court or jury case, the brief or appendixshall include a verbatim statement of the following:the question or offer of exhibit; the objection andthe ground on which it was based; the ground onwhich the evidence was claimed to be admissible;the answer, if any; and the ruling.

(4) When error is claimed in any other ruling ina court or jury case, the brief or appendix shallinclude the pertinent motion or pleading as wellas any other pertinent documents which are a partof the trial court case file but are not included inthe record.

(5) When the basis of an evidentiary or otherruling referred to in subsection (d) (3) or (d) (4)cannot be understood without knowledge of theevidence or proceeding which preceded or fol-lowed the ruling, a brief narrative or verbatimstatement of the evidence or proceeding shouldbe made. A verbatim excerpt from the transcriptshould not be used if a narrative statement willsuffice. When the same ruling is repeated, thebrief should contain only a single ruling unlessthe other rulings are further illustrative of the rulewhich determined the action of the trial court orestablish the materiality or harmfulness of theerror claimed. The statement of rulings in the briefshall include appropriate references to the pageor pages of the transcript.

(e) The text of the pertinent portions of anyconstitutional provision, statute, ordinance or reg-ulation at issue or upon which the appellant relies.Such text need not be included in the brief if it isincluded in the appendix to the appellant’s brief.

(f) In appeals filed pursuant to Section 81-4, astatement identifying the version of the land useregulations filed with the appellate clerk.

The brief shall be organized in the followingorder: table of contents; statement of issues; tableof authorities; if the appeal was filed pursuant toSection 81-4, statement identifying version of landuse regulations filed with the appellate clerk; ifamicus, statement of interest of the amicus curiae;statement of facts; argument; conclusion andstatement of relief requested; signature; and certi-fication pursuant to Section 62-7.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4064C.) (Amended July 21, 1999,to take effect Jan. 1, 2000; amended July 24, 2002, to takeeffect Oct. 1, 2002.)


Sec. 67-5. The Appellee’s Brief; Contentsand OrganizationThe brief of the appellee shall contain, in a form

corresponding to that stated in Section 67-4,the following:

(a) A counter statement of any issue involvedas to which the appellee disagrees with the state-ment of the appellant or a statement of any othergrounds which were properly raised by an appel-lee under Section 63-4. Such statement shall bedeemed in replacement of and shall supersedethe preliminary statement of the issues.

(b) A table of authorities cited in the brief, withreferences to the page or pages of the brief wherethe citations to those authorities appear. Citationsshall be in the form provided in Section 67-11.

(c) A counter statement of any fact as to whichthe appellee disagrees with the statement of theappellant. The counter statement of facts shallbe in narrative form and shall be supported byappropriate references to the page or pages ofthe transcript or to the relevant document uponwhich the appellee relies. An appellee may notrely on any fact unless it is set forth in the appel-lee’s counter statement of facts or in the appel-lant’s statement of facts or is incorporated in anybrief of the parties in accordance with Section 67-4 (d) or with subsection (d) hereof.

(d) The argument of the appellee, divided asprovided in Section 67-4 (d). The argument oneach point shall include a separate, brief state-ment of the standard of review the appelleebelieves should be applied. The argument mayaugment or take exception to the appellant’s pre-sentation of rulings or the charge by reference toany relevant part of the court’s charge or any otherevidence in narrative or verbatim form which isrelevant to such question, with appropriate refer-ences to the statements of facts or to the pageor pages of the transcript or to the relevantdocument.

(e) Claims, if any, directed to any rulings ordecisions of the trial court adverse to the appellee.These shall be made in the manner provided inSection 67-4 (d).

(f) The text of the pertinent portions of any con-stitutional provision, statute, ordinance or regula-tion at issue or upon which the appellee relies.Such text need not be included in the brief if it isincluded in the appellant’s brief or appendix or inthe appendix to the appellee’s brief.

(g) In appeals filed pursuant to Section 81-4, astatement as to whether the appellee disputesthe applicability of the version of the land useregulations filed with the appellate clerk. If the

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appellee disputes the applicability of such regula-tions, it shall set forth its basis for maintaining thatsuch regulations do not apply.

The brief shall be organized in the followingorder: table of contents; statement of issues; tableof authorities; if amicus, statement of interest ofthe amicus curiae; statement of facts; argument;conclusion and statement of relief requested; sig-nature; and certification pursuant to Section 62-7.

(h) When the appellee is also the cross-appel-lant, the issues on the cross appeal shall bebriefed in accordance with Section 67-4. In sucha case, the briefs shall clearly label which sectionsof the brief refer to the appeal and which refer tothe cross appeal.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4064D.) (Amended July 21, 1999,to take effect Jan. 1, 2000; amended July 24, 2002, to takeeffect Oct. 1, 2002; amended June 2, 2005, to take effect Jan.1, 2006.)

Sec. 67-6. Statutory (§ 53a-46b) Review ofDeath Sentences(a) When a sentence of death has been

imposed upon a defendant, following a convictionof a capital felony in violation of General Statutes§ 53a-54b and the hearing upon imposition of thedeath penalty pursuant to General Statutes § 53a-46a, the briefs of the parties shall include a discus-sion of the issues set forth in General Statutes§ 53a-46b (b), to wit, whether (1) the sentencewas the product of passion, prejudice or any otherarbitrary factor; (2) the evidence fails to supportthe finding of an aggravating circumstance speci-fied in subsection (h) of § 53a-46a; and (3) thesentence is excessive or disproportionate to thepenalty imposed in similar cases, consideringboth the circumstances of the crime and the char-acter and record of the defendant.

(b) For the purpose of reviewing the issue ofdisproportionality pursuant to General Statutes§ 53a-46b (b), the briefs of the parties shall con-tain appendices setting forth the circumstancesof the crimes that are claimed to be similar to thatof which the defendant has been convicted andthe characters and records of the defendantsinvolved therein so far as these are ascertainablefrom the transcripts of those trials and hearingson the imposition of the death penalty or may bejudicially noticed. Only those capital felony casesthat have been prosecuted in this state after Octo-ber 1, 1973, and in which hearings on the imposi-tion of the death penalty have taken place,whether or not the death penalty has beenimposed, shall be deemed eligible for consider-ation as ‘‘similar cases,’’ unless the court, on appli-cation of a party claiming that the resulting pool ofeligible cases is inadequate for disproportionalityreview, shall modify this limitation in a particular


case. Any such application shall identify the addi-tional case or cases claimed to be similar and setforth, in addition to the circumstances of the crimeand the character and record of the defendantinvolved, the provisions of the applicable statutespertaining to the imposition of the death penaltywith citations of pertinent decisions interpretingsuch provisions.

Any such application shall be filed within thirtydays after the delivery date of the transcriptordered by the appellant, or, if no transcript isrequired or the transcript has been received bythe appellant prior to the filing of the appeal, suchapplication shall be filed within thirty days afterfiling the appeal.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4064E.)

Sec. 67-7. The Amicus Curiae BriefA brief of an amicus curiae in cases before the

court on the merits may be filed only with thepermission of the court. An application for permis-sion to appear as amicus curiae and to file a briefshall be filed within twenty days after the filing ofthe brief of the party, if any, whom the applicantintends to support, and if there is no such party,then the application shall be filed no later thantwenty days after the filing of the appellee’s brief.

The application shall state concisely the natureof the applicant’s interest and the reasons why abrief of an amicus curiae should be allowed. Thelength of the brief shall not exceed ten pagesunless a specific request is made for a brief ofmore than that length. The application shall con-form to the requirements set forth in Sections 66-2 and 66-3. The amicus application should specifi-cally set forth reasons to justify the filing of a briefin excess of ten pages. A party served with anapplication may within ten days after the filing ofthe application file an objection concisely statingthe reasons therefor.

All briefs filed under this section shall complywith the applicable provisions of this chapter andshall set forth the interest of the amicus curiae.

An amicus curiae may argue orally only whena specific request for such permission is grantedby the court in which the appeal is pending.

With the exception of briefs filed by the attorneygeneral as provided by this rule, all briefs shallindicate whether counsel for a party wrote thebrief in whole or in part and whether such counselor a party contributed to the cost of the preparationor submission of the brief and shall identify thosepersons, other than the amicus curiae, its mem-bers or its counsel, who made such monetarycontribution. The disclosure shall be made in thefirst footnote on the first page of text.

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An amicus curiae may argue orally only whena specific request for such permission is grantedby the court in which the appeal is pending.

Except for habeas corpus matters based oncriminal convictions, if an appeal in a noncriminalmatter involves an attack on the constitutionalityof a state statute, the attorney general may appearand file a brief amicus curiae as of right. Noticeof the attorney general’s intention to appear andto file a brief shall be given to the appellate clerkand all parties no later than the date on which thebrief of the party that the attorney general supportsis filed, and the attorney general’s brief will bedue twenty days after the filing of the brief of theparty that the attorney general supports.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4064F.) (Amended June 17, 2008,to take effect Jan. 1, 2009.)

HISTORY—2009: In 2009, the third sentence of the secondparagraph was added. In addition, the fifth paragraph wasadded.

COMMENTARY—2009: The rule has been changed tostate that the formatting and certification rules for motions alsoapply to applications to appear as amicus curiae. In addition,a new fifth paragraph has been added that requires that allamicus briefs, except those filed by the attorney general pursu-ant to the last paragraph of the rule, must disclose whethercounsel for a party wrote the amicus brief, in whole or in part,or contributed financially to its preparation or submission. Thenew paragraph also mandates disclosure, in the first footnoteon the first page of the brief’s text, of the names of any suchpersons, excluding the amicus curiae, its members or itscounsel.

Sec. 67-8. The AppendixNo appendix is required in either a court or a

jury case, except where an opinion is cited whichis not officially published, in which case the textof the opinion must be included in the appendix.An appendix may be used to excerpt lengthyexhibits or quotations from the transcripts, or tocomply with the provisions of Section 67-4 sub-sections (d) or (e). To reproduce a full transcriptor lengthy exhibit when an excerpt would sufficeis a misuse of an appendix. If use of any appendixis indicated, all materials must be included in asingle appendix.

An appendix shall be paginated separately fromthe brief, and may be bound with it or separately.Where, however, binding the brief and appendixtogether would affect the integrity of the bindingor where the appendix exceeds one hundred num-bered pages, the appendix and brief shall bebound separately. Pages of an appendix shall benumbered consecutively and be preceded by theletter ‘‘A’’ (e.g., A1 . . . A25 . . . A53).

An appendix shall have at its beginning a tableof contents of any papers in it and shall also havean index of the names of witnesses whose testi-mony is cited within it. If any part of the testimonyof a witness is omitted, this shall be indicated by


asterisks. After giving the name of a witness, theparty who called that witness shall be designatedand it shall be stated whether the testimonyquoted was given on direct, cross or other exami-nation.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4064G.)

Sec. 67-9. Citation of Unreported DecisionsA decision not officially reported may be cited

before the court only if the person making refer-ence to it provides the court and opposing counselwith copies of the decision. If it is cited in a brief,a copy of the text of the decision must be includedin the appendix to the brief.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4064H.)

Sec. 67-10. Citation of SupplementalAuthorities after Brief Is FiledWhen pertinent and significant authorities come

to the attention of a party after the party’s briefhas been filed, or after oral argument but beforedecision, a party may promptly advise the appel-late clerk of such supplemental authorities, by let-ter, with a copy certified to all counsel of recordin accordance with Section 62-7. The clerk shallbe provided with an original and seven copies ofthe letter. The letter shall set forth the citations ofthe authorities. If the authority is an unreporteddecision, a copy of the text of the decision mustaccompany the letter. The letter shall conciselyand without argument state the relevance of thesupplemental citations and shall include, whereapplicable, reference to the pertinent page(s) ofthe brief. Any response shall be made promptlyand shall be similarly limited.

This section may not be used after oral argu-ment to elaborate on points made or to addresspoints not made.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4064J.) (Amended July 23, 1998,to take effect Jan. 1, 1999; amended July 9, 2008, to takeeffect Jan. 1, 2009.)

HISTORY—2009: In 2009, the second paragraph wasadded.

COMMENTARY—2009: The second paragraph was addedbecause some parties have attempted to use letters filed underthis section to augment their oral argument by providing furtherargument on a point already made or by introducing an entirelynew point. The purpose of the letters is confined to bringingto the attention of the court significant authority that was genu-inely unknown to the party at the time of the preparation ofthe brief or at oral argument. This rule is not intended to preventcounsel from correcting errors that they made, whether factualor legal, in their representation to the court, either in theirwritten briefs or at oral argument, as they are obligated to dounder Rule 3.3 (a) of the Rules of Professional Conduct, whichprovides that ‘‘[a] lawyer shall not knowingly . . . fail to correcta false statement of material fact or law previously made tothe tribunal by the lawyer.’’

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Sec. 67-11. Table of Authorities; Citation ofCases(a) In the table of authorities, citations to state

cases shall be to the official reporter first, if avail-able, followed by the regional reporter. Citations tocases from jurisdictions having no official reportershall identify the court rendering the decision.Citations to opinions of the United StatesSupreme Court shall be to the United StatesReports, if therein; otherwise, such citations shallbe to the Supreme Court Reporter, the Lawyer’sEdition, or United States Law Week, in that orderof preference.

(b) In the argument portion of a brief, citations toConnecticut cases shall be to the official reporteronly. Citations to other state cases may be toeither the official reporter or the regional reporter.United States Supreme Court cases should becited as they appear in the table of authorities.

(c) If a case is not available in print and is avail-able on an electronic database, such as LEXIS,Westlaw, CaseBase or LOIS, the case shall becited to that database. In the table of authorities,citations to such cases shall include the casename; docket number; name of the database and,if applicable, numeric identifiers unique to thedatabase; court name; and full date of the disposi-tion of the case. Screen, page or paragraph num-bers shall be preceded by an asterisk. In theargument portion of a brief, such cases shall becited only by name and database. If such a caseis published in a print reporter after the filing ofthe party’s brief, but prior to the case on appealbeing orally argued or submitted for decision onthe record and briefs, the party who cited the unre-ported case shall, by letter, inform the chief clerkof the print citation of that case.


Sec. 67-12. Stay of Briefing Obligationsupon Filing of Certain Motions after AppealIs TakenAs provided in Section 63-1, if, after an appeal

has been taken but before the appeal period hasexpired, a motion is filed that would render thejudgment, decision or acceptance of the verdictineffective, any party may move to stay the brief-ing obligations of the parties. The chief clerk maygrant such motions for up to sixty days. Any furtherrequest for stay must be made by motion to theappellate court having jurisdiction prior to the expi-ration of the stay granted by the chief clerk. Suchrequest must describe the status of the motionin the trial court and must demonstrate that aresolution of the motion is being actively pursued.


After all such motions have been decided by thetrial court, the appellant shall, within ten days ofnotice of the ruling on the last such outstandingmotion, file a statement with the appellate clerkthat such motions have been decided, togetherwith a copy of the decisions on any such motions.The filing of such statement shall reinstate theappellate obligations of the parties, and the date ofnotice of the ruling on the last outstanding motionshall be treated as the date of the filing of theappeal for the purpose of briefing pursuant to Sec-tion 67-3.


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Sec. 67-13. Briefs in Family and JuvenileMatters and Other Matters involving MinorChildrenIn family and juvenile matters and other matters

involving minor children, counsel for the minorchild and/or counsel for the guardian ad litemshall, within ten days of the filing of the appellee’sbrief, file either: (1) a brief, (2) a statement adopt-ing the brief of either the appellant or an appellee,or (3) a detailed statement that the factual or legalissues on appeal do not implicate the child’sinterests.

(Adopted Nov. 4, 2004, to take effect Jan. 1, 2005.)


CHAPTER 68

RECORD

Sec. Sec.68-1. Responsibilities of Trial Court Clerk regarding

Copying Case File and Additions to Case FileMade after Appeal is Taken; Exhibits andLodged Records

68-2. Record Preparation68-3. Record Contents68-4. Record Format


Sec. 68-1. Responsibilities of Trial CourtClerk regarding Copying Case File and Addi-tions to Case File Made after Appeal isTaken; Exhibits and Lodged Records(Amended July 23, 1998 to take effect Jan. 1, 1999.)

Within ten days of the filing of an appeal, theclerk of the trial court shall prepare and forwardto the appellate clerk two complete copies of thecase file, including the docket sheets (DS1 andDS2) and all written requests to charge. No omis-sions may be made from the case file except uponthe authorization of the appellate clerk. The appel-late clerk may direct the clerk of the trial courtto prepare and forward a case file in any otherinstance in which it is needed. The clerk of thetrial court shall forward to the appellate clerk twocopies of all additions made to the case file afterthe initial preparation and transmittal of thecase file.

Each document of the case file must be num-bered and the file must include a table of contentslisting each item entered in the file according toits number.

In an appeal from an administrative agency, thepapers returned by the agency to the trial court,even though annexed to and incorporated by ref-erence in the answer, shall accompany the copiesof the file but need not be included in the copiesof the file.

All exhibits in the trial court are deemed exhibitson appeal and are deemed in the custody of theappellate clerk while the appeal is pending. Theappellate clerk shall notify the clerk of the trialcourt of the exhibits required by the court in whichthe appeal is pending. It shall be the responsibilityof the clerk of the trial court to transmit thoseexhibits within ten days of assignment to theappellate clerk. The provisions of this paragraph

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68-5. Record where More than One Appeal68-6. Record where Several Cases Present Same

Question68-7. Record Filing68-8. Supplements68-9. Evidence Not to Be Included in Record68-10. Record in Administrative Appeals; Exceptions68-11. Decision to Be Part of Record

shall apply to records lodged pursuant to Section7-4C.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4084.) (Amended July 24, 2002, totake effect Oct. 1, 2002; amended Oct. 15, 2003, to take effectJan. 1, 2004.)

Sec. 68-2. Record PreparationAs soon as possible after the filing of the appel-

lant’s brief, the appellate clerk shall prepare andcertify the record for use upon the hearing in thecourt having appellate jurisdiction of any case thefile of which has been delivered to or preparedby such clerk.

Upon certification of the record by the appellateclerk, the appellant shall cause the record to bephotocopied in accordance with these rules.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4085.)

Sec. 68-3. Record ContentsThe appellate clerk, in preparing the record,

muststudy thecasewithsufficientcare,muststudythe revised designation of specific pleadings, sub-mittedpursuant toSection63-4(a) (2),andthebriefof the appellant, and may confer with counsel, and,if necessary, with the clerk of the trial court, todetermine what part of the case file should becomethe record. The appellate clerk should includenothing in the record which is not necessary for theproper presentation of the statement of issues orfor the proper presentation of questions reserved.

No officer’s return or exhibit, except as providedherein, shall be photocopied unless it is at issue inthe appeal. The record returned to the trial courtby an administrative agency shall, even thoughincorporated by reference in a pleading, not bephotocopied except to the extent provided in Sec-tion 68-10. In the discretion of the appellate clerk,exhibits annexed to a pleading may be photocop-ied so far as they are relevant to any issue pre-sented in the appeal and are not excessive inlength.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4086.) (Amended Oct. 10, 2001, totake effect Jan. 1, 2002.)


Sec. 68-4. Record FormatCases brought to the supreme or appellate

court otherwise than by writ of error shall be enti-tled as they were in the judgment of the trial court.

The date when each paper contained in therecord was filed must be stated.

The appellant shall prepare a table of contentsgiving the title or nature of each paper in its orderas photocopied.

The record shall be photocopied on white 81/2by 11 inch paper.

The cover of the record shall be yellow.(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4087.)

Sec. 68-5. Record where More than OneAppealIn the discretion of the appellate clerk where

more than one appeal is taken in a case, suchclerk may prepare only one record.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4090.)

Sec. 68-6. Record where Several Cases Pre-sent Same QuestionIn the discretion of the appellate clerk where

several cases are pending in which the samequestion of law is presented, whether between thesame or different parties, such clerk may prepareonly one record of the pleadings, exhibits, or otherpapers which are part of the record in more thanone of the cases may be included in only one ofthem, with suitable references to the record in thatcase made in the records in the other cases.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4091.)

Sec. 68-7. Record FilingWithin twenty days of the certification of the

record by the appellate clerk pursuant to Section68-2, the appellant shall file the record in accord-ance with the instructions which accompany it,with a certification attached to the original recordonly that a copy thereof has been sent to eachcounsel of record and any trial judge who ren-dered a decision that is being challenged onappeal.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4092.) (Amended Nov. 4, 2004, totake effect Jan. 1, 2005.)

Sec. 68-8. SupplementsAfter the record has been filed, the appellate

clerk shall distribute to each appellate jurist a copyof any supplement to the record.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4093.)

Sec. 68-9. Evidence Not to Be Included inRecordEvidence of witnesses before a court, including

evidence necessary upon an appeal from thedenial of a motion to set aside a nonsuit, evidencetaken before a committee or state referee and

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filed in court in connection with exceptions to areport, and, except as hereinafter provided, evi-dence taken before an administrative officer orboard and filed in court in connection with a peti-tion or an appeal, or admitted at a hearing shallnot be placed in the record except as it is madea part of a pleading, or of a finding or report inexplanation of a ruling made in the course of ahearing, but it may be presented in the brief asprovided in Sections 67-1, 67-4 and 67-5. Thereproduction of evidence taken before an adminis-trative agency shall be governed by Section 68-10, and the reproduction of evidence containedin exhibits annexed to pleadings shall be gov-erned by Section 68-3.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4094.)

Sec. 68-10. Record in AdministrativeAppeals; Exceptions(a) Except as provided in subsection (b), in

appeals from administrative agencies, the recordshall include the part of the return of the adminis-trative agency which identifies the papersreturned to the trial court, and also such of thepapers returned as consist of (1) the applicationor appeal to the agency; (2) the notice of hearingand the affidavit of publication, if they are in issueon the appeal; and (3) any minutes or decisionshowing the action taken by the agency, the rea-sons assigned for that action, and any findingsand conclusions of fact made by the agency. Therecord shall also contain such other portions ofthe returned record as the judge who tried thecase shall order included or as the appellate clerkfinds is needed for the proper presentation of anyof the issues on the appeal but in no event, unlessthe judge who tried the case directs otherwise, thetestimony before the agency or the documentaryevidence offered at its hearings. Relevant portionsof the record before the agency returned by it tothe trial court but not included in the record shouldbe reproduced in the brief as provided in Sections67-1, 67-4 and 67-5.

(b) Subsection (a) shall not apply to the follow-ing administrative appeals:

(1) Appeals from municipal boards of tax reviewtaken pursuant to General Statutes §§ 12-117aand 12-119.

(2) Appeals from municipal assessors takenpursuant to General Statutes § 12-103.

(3) Appeals from the commissioner of reve-nue services.

(4) Appeals from the insurance commissionertaken pursuant to General Statutes § 38a-139.


(5) Any other appeal in which the partiesreceived a trial de novo in the superior court.

The record in these matters shall be preparedpursuant to the rules for the preparation of therecord in ordinary civil actions.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4095.)

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Sec. 68-11. Decision to Be Part of RecordThe oral or written decision shall become a part

of the record on appeal. See Sections 64-1 and64-2.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4096.)


CHAPTER 69

ASSIGNMENT OF CASES FOR ARGUMENT

Sec. Sec.69-1. Printed Docket69-2. Cases Ready for Assignment


Sec. 69-1. Printed DocketThe appellate clerk shall periodically prepare a

printed docket of all pending cases which are noton a current assignment list for oral argument andwhich appear to be ready for assignment underSection 69-2 or have been ordered to be heard bythe court and shall send a copy to each appellatejurist, to each counsel appearing in the casesentered on the printed docket, and to the reporterof judicial decisions.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4100.)

Sec. 69-2. Cases Ready for AssignmentCases will be considered ready for assignment

when the record and all briefs of all parties, includ-ing reply briefs, have been filed or, if the recordhas been filed, the time for filing reply briefs hasexpired. Any case ready for assignment may beassigned pursuant to Section 69-3. After noticeto counsel of a date and time to be heard, thechief justice, the chief judge, or a designee mayorder the assignment for oral argument of anyappeal, notwithstanding the fact that the case onappeal does not appear on the printed docket.

Cases may be assigned for argument on astandby basis in which event counsel will be noti-fied at least forty-eight hours before the time

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69-3. Time for Assignments; Order of Assignment

scheduled for oral argument that the standby caseis to be heard.

If a case scheduled for oral argument, whetheron standby basis or not, is settled or withdrawnfor any reason, counsel for the appellant shallnotify the appellate clerk of that fact promptly andshall not wait until the time scheduled for oralargument.


Sec. 69-3. Time for Assignments; Order ofAssignmentAssignments of cases for oral argument ordi-

narily will be made in the order in which the casesbecome ready for argument pursuant to Section69-2. Requests for variations from this order, stat-ing the reason therefor, shall be made by lettercertified pursuant to Section 62-7, addressed tothe appellate clerk and delivered, mailed or sentby facsimile to the clerk’s office in time for theappellate clerk to receive it at least two workingdays on which the clerk’s office is required to beopen before assignments are made.

Assignments for oral argument in the supremecourt and appellate court shall take precedenceover all other judicial branch assignments.

The appellate clerk will forthwith mail copies ofthe assignment list to all counsel of record.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4104.)


CHAPTER 70

ARGUMENTS AND MEDIA COVERAGE OF COURT PROCEEDINGS

Sec. Sec.70-1. Right to Oral Argument70-2. When Oral Argument Not Required70-3. Order of Argument70-4. Time Allowed for Oral Argument; Who May Argue70-5. Points to Be Argued70-6. Reconsideration when Court Evenly Divided


Sec. 70-1. Right to Oral Argument(a) Oral argument will be allowed as of right in

all appeals except in civil cases where:(1) the appeal is frivolous; or(2) the dispositive issue or set of issues has

been recently authoritatively decided; or(3) the facts and legal arguments are ade-

quately presented in the briefs and record andthe decisional process would not be significantlyaided by oral argument.

(b) When the court determines that a civil caseis appropriate for disposition without oral argu-ment, or on an abbreviated time schedule, noticewill be sent to counsel. Any party may requesta hearing on the court’s determination by letteraddressed to the appellate clerk stating briefly thereasons why oral argument is appropriate, andshall do so within seven days of the issuance ofthe court’s notice. The matter will be set down fora motion calendar at which time the parties maybe heard briefly on whether oral argument shouldbe allowed.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4106.)

Sec. 70-2. When Oral Argument NotRequiredWith the permission of the court, counsel may,

after a case has been assigned for a hearing,submit it for decision on the record and briefs only,without oral argument.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4102.)

Sec. 70-3. Order of ArgumentCounsel for the appellant or plaintiff in error will

be entitled to open and close the argument. Ona reservation, the plaintiff will open and close,unless the court otherwise directs, except in suitsfor the construction of wills or of interpleader,when the court will fix the order of argument. Ifthere are cross appeals, the original appellant willopen and close unless the court otherwise orders

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70-7. Consideration En Banc and Reargument En Banc70-8. Special Sessions70-9. Coverage of Court Proceedings by Cameras and

Electronic Media70-10. Cameras and Electronic Media; Coverage of

Supreme and Appellate Court Proceedings byNews Media [Repealed]

for cause shown. If there are consolidatedappeals, the parties in the appeal filed first in thetrial court will argue first unless the court other-wise orders.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4107.)

Sec. 70-4. Time Allowed for Oral Argument;Who May ArgueThe time occupied in the argument of any case

shall not exceed one-half hour on each side, with-out special leave of the court, granted before theargument begins. The time thus limited andallowed may be apportioned among counsel onthe same side of a case as they may choose. Thecourt may terminate the argument whenever inits judgment further argument is unnecessary.

Except by special permission of the presidingjurist, which permission must be obtained prior tothe date assigned for hearing, no more than onecounsel shall present oral argument for any oneparty to the appeal.

No argument shall be allowed any party whohas not filed a brief or who has not joined in thebrief of another party.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4108.)

Sec. 70-5. Points to Be Argued(a) Oral argument should clarify and focus argu-

ments in the written briefs. The court discouragesoral argument read from a prepared text andlengthy quotations from legal precedents, thetranscript, or the record.

(b) Counsel should assume that the court hasread the briefs in advance of oral argument. Nopoints made in briefs will be considered waivedbecause not argued orally. Rebuttal argumentshall be confined to the points presented by theargument of opposing counsel.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4109.)


Sec. 70-6. Reconsideration when CourtEvenly DividedWhen the court is evenly divided as to the result,

the court shall reconsider the case, with or withoutoral argument, with an odd number of justicesor judges.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4111.)

Sec. 70-7. Consideration En Banc and Rear-gument En Banc(Amended July 21, 1999, to take effect Jan. 1, 2000.)(a) Before a case is assigned for oral argument,

the chief justice or the chief judge may order, onthe motion of a party or sua sponte, that a casebe heard en banc.

(b) After argument but before decision, theentire court may order that the case be considereden banc with or without further oral argument orwith or without supplemental briefs. The justicesor judges who did not hear oral argument shallhave available to them the tapes or a transcriptof the oral argument before participating in thedecision.

(c) After decision, the entire court may order,on the motion of a party pursuant to Section 71-5or sua sponte, that reargument be heard en banc.


Sec. 70-8. Special SessionsThe supreme court will be deemed in special

session whenever the justices meet for consulta-tion; but the presence of the clerk or a judicialmarshal will not be required, unless speciallydirected.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4115.) (Amended Oct. 10, 2001, totake effect Jan. 1, 2002.)

Sec. 70-9. Coverage of Court Proceedingsby Cameras and Electronic Media(Amended April 11, 2007, to take effect June 1, 2007.)(a) Except for those matters enumerated in sub-

section (c) of this rule, all judicial courtroom pro-ceedings in the supreme and appellate courts arepresumed to be subject to coverage by camerasand electronic media.

(b) (i) All such proceedings may be broadcast,televised, videotaped, audio recorded or photo-graphed unless: (A) the panel of jurists grants amotion by a party or a victim in a case requestingthe limitation or preclusion of such coverage, or(B) the panel of jurists, on its own motion, limitsor precludes such coverage. The right to permitor to exclude coverage, whether partially or totally,at any time in the interests of the administrationof justice shall remain with the panel of jurists.

(ii) Any party or victim who desires to file amotion to limit or preclude coverage shall do so

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not later than one week before the start of the termfor which the case is subject to being assigned, asindicated on a printed docket pursuant to Section69-1. The party or victim shall mail a copy of suchmotion to each counsel or pro se party and to anyother victim in the case. The party or victim shallgive notice to any such victim by notifying thestate’s attorney in a criminal case, the attorney orguardian ad litem for a minor child in cases involv-ing a minor victim or child represented by an attor-ney or guardian ad litem, and to any other victimor child by notifying the Connecticut Victim Advo-cate. Endorsed on the motion shall be certificationof such mailing. The appellate clerk shall referany such motion to the panel of jurists for reviewas soon as the panel is determined. The panelof jurists may consider a late motion to limit orpreclude coverage. Prior to acting on such motion,the panel of jurists shall provide any media outletexpected to cover the proceeding an opportunityto respond in writing to the motion.

(iii) In acting on such motion or on its ownmotion, the panel of jurists will apply the presump-tion that all judicial courtroom proceedings in thesupreme and appellate courts are subject to cov-erage by cameras and electronic media. In addi-tion, it will be guided by the principles that suchcoverage should be limited only if there is goodcause to do so, there are no reasonable alterna-tives to such limitations, and the limitation is nobroader than necessary to protect the competinginterests at issue.

(iv) In acting on such motion or its own motion,the panel of jurists will conclude that the presump-tion in favor of coverage by cameras and elec-tronic media has been overcome only if it issatisfied that good cause exists for a limitationor preclusion on coverage. If the panel of juristsorders a limitation or preclusion on coverage, itwill provide a statement of its reasons. A state-ment may be written or stated on the record inopen court.

(c) (i) The presumption in favor of coverageshall not apply to cases involving: (A) sexualassault; (B) risk of injury to, or impairing the moralsof, a child; (C) abuse or neglect of a child; (D)termination of parental rights; and (E) contestedquestions of child custody or visitation.

(ii) In cases to which the presumption in favor ofcoverage does not apply, any person may requestsuch coverage by filing a motion not later thanone week before the start of the term for whichthe case is subject to being assigned, as indicatedon a printed docket pursuant to Section 69-1. Theapplicant shall mail a copy of such written requestto each counsel or pro se party and to any victimor child in the case. The applicant shall give notice


to any such victim by notifying the state’s attorneyin a criminal case, the attorney or guardian adlitem for a minor child in cases involving a minorvictim or child represented by an attorney orguardian ad litem, and to any other victim or childby notifying the Connecticut Victim Advocate.Endorsed on the motion shall be a certification ofsuch mailing. The appellate clerk shall refer anysuch motion to the panel of jurists for review assoon as the panel is determined. The panel ofjurists may consider a late motion requesting cov-erage. Prior to acting on such motion, the panelof jurists shall provide the parties, any such minorchildren and any victims of the offense an opportu-nity to respond in writing to the motion. The panelof jurists shall grant the motion only if it is satisfied

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that the need for such coverage outweighs theprivacy interests involved in the case.

(d) The supreme and appellate courts shallestablish appropriate protocols governing thenumber, location and use of all forms of coverageconsistent with these rules.

(e) As used in this rule, ‘‘panel of jurists’’ meansthe justices or judges assigned to hear a particu-lar case.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4116A.) (Amended Feb. 19, 2003,to take effect Jan. 1, 2004; amended April 11, 2007, to takeeffect June 1, 2007.)

Sec. 70-10. Cameras and Electronic Media;Coverage of Supreme and Appellate CourtProceedings by News Media[Repealed as of June 1, 2007.]


CHAPTER 71

APPELLATE JUDGMENTS AND OPINIONS

Sec. Sec.71-1. Appellate Judgment Files71-2. Costs Included in Judgments71-3. Motion to Reconsider Costs71-4. Opinions; Rescripts; Notice71-5. Motions for Reconsideration; Motions for Reconsid-

eration En Banc


Sec. 71-1. Appellate Judgment FilesJudgments of the court may be embodied in

judgment files, to be drawn upon request andsigned by the appellate clerk. Unless the courtotherwise directs, its judgments and orders shallbe deemed to have been rendered or made onthe date they appear in the Connecticut Law Jour-nal, and the judgments or orders shall be enteredas of that date.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4117.)

Sec. 71-2. Costs Included in JudgmentsExcept as otherwise provided herein, in all

appeals or writs of error which go to judgment inthe supreme or appellate court including an orderfor a new trial, costs shall be taxed to the prevailingparty by the appellate clerk, in the absence ofspecial order to the contrary by the court. On allreservations the mandate which follows the opin-ion of the court will specify what costs shall betaxed. A bill of costs shall be filed with the appel-late clerk no more than thirty days after the noticeof the appellate decision, or, of the denial of amotion for reconsideration, or, of the denial of apetition for certification by the supreme court ofthis state, whichever is latest.


Sec. 71-3. Motion to Reconsider CostsAny party may within ten days after the issuance

of the decision on the taxation of costs file a writtenmotion, in accordance with the provisions of Sec-tions 66-2 and 66-3, that the court review theclerk’s taxation of costs under its judgment. Anysuch motion must be submitted without oralargument.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4119.)

Sec. 71-4. Opinions; Rescripts; Notice(a) After the court hands down an opinion in

any case other than a case involving a question

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71-6. Stay of Proceedings71-7. Stays of Execution Pending Decision by United

States Supreme Court

certified from a federal court, the reporter of judi-cial decisions shall send a copy of the opinionand the original rescript to the clerk of the trialcourt and shall send a copy of the rescript to theappellate clerk. Notice of the decision of the courtshall be deemed to have been given, for all pur-poses, on the official release date that appearsin the court’s opinion.

(b) Notices of decisions upon motions and oforders of the court shall be given by the appellateclerk to the clerk of the trial court and to all counselof record.

(c) The opinions of the court in the bound vol-umes of the Connecticut Reports and the Con-necticut Appellate Reports are the officialopinions. The appellate clerk is authorized to fur-nish official copies of those opinions and, until thebound volumes are published, of the opinions asthey appear in the Connecticut Law Journal.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4120.)

Sec. 71-5. Motions for Reconsideration;Motions for Reconsideration En Banc(Amended July 21, 1999, to take effect Jan. 1, 2000.)A motion for reconsideration will not be enter-

tained unless filed with the appellate clerk, accom-panied by a receipt showing that the fee was paidor waived, within ten days from the date when thedecision or any order being challenged is officiallyreleased. The fee may be paid to the clerk of anytrial court in the state.

The motion for reconsideration shall statebriefly the grounds for requesting reconsideration.

A party may also request reconsideration enbanc by placing ‘‘en banc’’ in the caption of themotion and requesting such relief as an alternativeto reconsideration by the panel.

Whenever reconsideration en banc is sought,the motion shall state briefly why reconsiderationen banc is necessary (for example, to secure ormaintain uniformity of decision or because of theimportance of the decision) and shall also state


the names of the decisions, if any, with which thedecision conflicts. A motion for reconsiderationshall be treated as a motion for reconsiderationen banc when any member of the court whichdecided the matter will not be available, within areasonable time, to act on the motion for reconsid-eration.


Sec. 71-6. Stay of Proceedings(Amended July 21, 1999, to take effect Jan. 1, 2000.)Unless the chief justice or chief judge shall

otherwise direct, any stay of proceedings whichwas in effect during the pendency of the appealshall continue until the time for filing a motion forreconsideration has expired, and, if a motion isfiled, until twenty days after its disposition, and,if it is granted, until the appeal is finally deter-mined. If no stay of proceedings was in effectduring the pendency of the appeal and the deci-sion of the court having appellate jurisdictionwould change the position of any party from itsposition during the pendency of the appeal, allproceedings to enforce or carry out the decisionof the court having appellate jurisdiction shall bestayed until the time for filing a motion for recon-sideration has expired, and, if a motion is filed,

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until twenty days after its disposition, and, if it isgranted, until the appeal is finally determined.(See also Section 61-11.)


Sec. 71-7. Stays of Execution Pending Deci-sion by United States Supreme CourtWhen a case has gone to judgment in the state

supreme court and a party to the action wishesto obtain a stay of execution pending a decisionin the case by the United States supreme court,that party shall, within twenty days of the judg-ment, file a motion for stay with the state supremecourt. The filing of the motion shall operate as astay pending the state supreme court’s decisionthereon.

When the state supreme court has denied apetition for certification from the appellate court,any stay in existence at the time of such denialshall remain in effect for twenty days. Any partyto the action wishing to extend such stay of execu-tion or to otherwise obtain a stay of executionpending a decision in the case by the UnitedStates supreme court shall file a motion for staywith the appellate court. The filing of the motionshall operate as a stay pending the appellatecourt’s decision thereon.



CHAPTER 72

WRITS OF ERROR

Sec. Sec.72-1. Writs of Error; In General72-2. Form


Sec. 72-1. Writs of Error; In General(a) Writs of error for errors in matters of law

only may be brought from a final judgment of thesuperior court to the supreme court in the followingcases: (1) a decision binding on an aggrievednonparty; (2) a summary decision of criminal con-tempt; (3) a denial of transfer of a small claimsaction to the regular docket; and (4) as otherwisenecessary or appropriate in aid of its jurisdictionand agreeable to the usages and principles of law.

(b) No writ of error may be brought in any civilor criminal proceeding for the correction of anyerror where (1) the error might have beenreviewed by process of appeal, or by way of certifi-cation, or (2) the parties, by failure timely to seeka transfer or otherwise, have consented to havethe case determined by a court or tribunal fromwhose judgment there is no right of appeal oropportunity for certification.


Sec. 72-2. FormThe writ shall contain in numbered paragraphs

the facts upon which the petitioner relies, a state-ment of the relief claimed, and the necessarysecurity for costs.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4143A.)

Sec. 72-3. Applicable Procedure(a) Upon payment in the trial court of the filing

fee, the writ, if in proper form, shall be allowedand signed by a judge or clerk of the court inwhich the judgment or decree was rendered. Thewrit shall be presented for signature within twentydays of the date notice of the judgment or decisioncomplained of is given but shall be signed by thejudge or clerk even if not presented in a timelymanner. Failure without cause to present the writin a timely manner may be ground for dismissalof the writ by the supreme court.

(b) The writ shall be served and returned asother civil process, except that (1) the writ shallbe served at least ten days before the return day,and (2) shall be returned to the appellate clerk atleast one day before the return day. The returndays of the supreme court are any Tuesday not

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72-3. Applicable Procedure72-4. Applicability of Rules

less than twelve nor more than thirty days afterthe writ is signed.

(c) If the writ is brought against a judge of thesuperior court to contest a summary decision ofcriminal contempt by that judge, the defendant inerror shall be the superior court. In all other writsof error, the writ shall bear the caption of theunderlying action in which the judgment or deci-sion was rendered. All parties to the underlyingaction shall be served in accordance with chapter8 of these rules.

(d) The writ shall be deemed filed the day it isreturned. The appellate clerk shall forthwith givenotice to all parties of the filing of the writ.

(e) Within twenty days after filing the writ, theplaintiff in error shall file with the appellate clerktwo copies of such documents as are necessaryto present the claims of error made in the writ,including pertinent pleadings, memoranda of deci-sion and judgment file, accompanied by a certifi-cation that a copy thereof has been served oneach counsel of record in accordance with Section62-7.

(f) In the event a transcript is necessary, theplaintiff in error shall follow the procedure set forthin Sections 63-8 and 63-8A.

(g) Within ten days of the filing by the plaintiffin error of the documents referred to in subsec-tions (e) and (f) of this rule, the defendant in errormay file two copies of such additional documentsas are necessary to defend the action.

(h) Answers or other pleas shall not be filed inresponse to any writ of error.


Sec. 72-4. Applicability of Rules

Except as otherwise provided by statute or rule,the prosecution and defense of a writ of error shallbe in accordance with the rules for appeals.



CHAPTER 73

RESERVATIONSSec.73-1. Procedure; Form


Sec. 73-1. Procedure; Form(a) Any reservation shall be taken to the

supreme court or to the appellate court from thosecases in which an appeal could have been takendirectly to the supreme court, or to the appellatecourt, respectively, had judgment been rendered.Reservations in cases where the proper court forthe appeal cannot be determined prior to judg-ment shall be taken directly to the supreme court.

(b) All questions presented for advice shall bespecific and shall be phrased so as to require aYes or No answer.

(c) Before any question shall be reserved byany court, counsel shall file in that court a stipula-tion which shall clearly and fully state the questionor questions upon which advice is desired; thattheir present determination by the appellate courthaving jurisdiction would be in the interest of sim-plicity, directness and economy in judicial action,the grounds for such allegation being particularlystated; that the answers to the questions willdetermine, or are reasonably certain to enter intothe final determination of the case; and that theparties request that the questions be reserved forthe advice of the appellate court having jurisdic-tion. The stipulation shall also designate the spe-cific pleadings in the trial court case file which arenecessary for the presentation of the question orquestions sought to be reserved and shall state

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the undisputed facts which are essential for deter-mination of the question or questions sought tobe reserved. With the stipulation the parties shallfile a joint docketing statement in the format speci-fied in Section 63-4 (a) (4) for regular appeals.

(d) Upon the ordering of a reservation by thesuperior court, the clerk of the trial court shall sendnotice of the reservation to the appellate clerk andto all parties of record. The date of issuance ofthis notice shall be deemed the filing date of theappeal for purposes of the brief filing deadlinesof Section 67-3. No entry fee shall be paid to thesuperior court and no costs shall be taxed in favorof any party. With the notice of reservation, theclerk of the trial court shall send to the appellateclerk two copies each of the stipulation, its accom-panying joint docketing statement, the superiorcourt’s order of reservation, and the docket sheet(DS1) listing the counsel for all parties.

(e) The court will not entertain a reservation forits advice upon questions of law arising in anyaction unless the question or questions presentedare such as are, in the opinion of the court, reason-ably certain to enter into the decision of the case,and it appears that their present determinationwould be in the interest of simplicity, directnessand economy of judicial action.

(f) The advice of the appellate court on a reser-vation may be reviewed by the supreme court onlyupon the granting of certification as provided inchapter 84.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4147.)


CHAPTER 74

APPEALS FROM JUDICIAL REVIEW COUNCIL

Sec. Sec.74-1. Time to Take; Form; Filing; Costs74-2. Papers to Be Filed74-3. Costs and Security Not Required74-4. Decision of Council; Remand by Supreme Court


Sec. 74-1. Time to Take; Form; Filing; CostsAppeals from decisions of the judicial review

council shall be taken within twenty days from thedate the decision appealed from is received bythe respondent judge.

The appeal shall be directed to and filed withthe supreme court and shall be accompanied bya certification that a copy thereof has been servedon the chair or executive director of the judicialreview council in accordance with the provisionsof Section 62-7. No fee shall be required to bepaid. The appellate clerk shall docket the appeal,note thereon the date and time of the filing, affixthe docket number assigned to the appeal andsend a copy to the judicial review council and toeach appearing party.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4150.)

Sec. 74-2. Papers to Be FiledThe respondent judge shall submit, as set forth

in Section 61-5, to the appellate clerk at the timethe appeal is filed:

(a) a copy of the decision of the judicial reviewcouncil appealed from, and

(b) the submissions required by Section 63-4.(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4151.)

Sec. 74-3. Costs and Security Not RequiredStatutory fees, taxable costs and the require-

ment for furnishing security for costs are waived.(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4152.)

Sec. 74-4. Decision of Council; Remand bySupreme CourtThe judicial review council shall state its deci-

sion in writing on the issues of the case and, ifthere are factual issues, the factual basis for itsdecision. The judicial review council shall state inits decision its conclusion as to each claim of lawraised by the parties. If the supreme court deemsit necessary to the proper disposition of the cause,it may remand the case to the judicial review coun-cil for clarification of the basis for its decision.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4153.)

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74-5. Parties74-6. Applicability of Rules74-7. Action on Recommendation when No Appeal74-8. Initiation of Action by Supreme Court

Sec. 74-5. PartiesThe parties shall be referred to as the judicial

review council and the respondent.(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4154.)

Sec. 74-6. Applicability of RulesAll proceedings subsequent to the filing of the

appeal shall be governed by the rules applicableto appeals and appeals from administrativeagencies.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4155.)

Sec. 74-7. Action on Recommendationwhen No AppealIn the event that the respondent judge does not

appeal a decision by the judicial review councilto recommend to the supreme court such judge’ssuspension or removal, the council shall, at theexpiration of the time to appeal, forward to theappellate clerk a certified copy of its decisiontogether with those parts of the record and tran-script as it deems necessary for a proper consider-ation of its recommendation.

The appellate clerk shall note the date of filingon the documents, notify the chief justice that theyhave been filed, and prepare sufficient copies forthe members of the supreme court. That courtshall, as soon as practicable, review the filed doc-uments and render a decision on the recommen-dation of the council.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4156.)

Sec. 74-8. Initiation of Action by SupremeCourtIn the event that the supreme court, on its own

motion, wishes to initiate proceedings against ajudge, it shall refer the matter to the judicial reviewcouncil or, if the judge to be investigated is amember of that council, to a committee of threestate referees for investigation and hearing.

The council or the committee shall render adecision pursuant to Section 74-4 and forward acopy of its decision to the respondent judge andto the appellate clerk.


The decision may be appealed by the respon-dent judge pursuant to the provisions of this chap-ter. If the respondent judge fails to appeal withinthe time provided, the decision shall be final,unless it was rendered by a committee or containsa recommendation for suspension or removal of

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the judge, in which case, at the expiration of thetime to appeal, the council or committee shall filepertinent parts of the record and transcript withthe appellate clerk pursuant to Section 74-7 andthe supreme court shall render a decision thereon.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4157.)


CHAPTER 75

APPEALS FROM COUNCIL ON PROBATE JUDICIAL CONDUCT

Sec. Sec.75-1. Time to Take; Form; Filing; Costs75-2. Papers to Be Filed75-3. Costs and Security Not Required


Sec. 75-1. Time to Take; Form; Filing; CostsAppeals from decisions of the council on pro-

bate judicial conduct to reprimand or censure shallbe taken within twenty days from the date thatnotice of the reprimand or censure is received bythe respondent judge.

The appeal shall be directed to and filed withthe supreme court, and shall be accompanied bya certification that a copy thereof has been servedon the chair or secretary of the council on probatejudicial conduct in accordance with the provisionsof Section 62-7. No fee shall be required to bepaid. The appellate clerk shall docket the appeal,note on the form the date and time of the filing,affix the docket number assigned to the appealand send a copy to the council on probate judicialconduct and to each appearing party.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4159.)

Sec. 75-2. Papers to Be FiledThe appellant shall submit, as set forth in Sec-

tion 62-7, to the appellate clerk at the time theappeal is filed:

(a) a copy of the decision of the council onprobate judicial conduct appealed from, and

(b) the submissions required by Section 63-4.(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4160.)

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75-4. Decision of Council; Remand by Supreme Court75-5. Parties75-6. Applicability of Rules

Sec. 75-3. Costs and Security Not RequiredStatutory fees, taxable costs and the require-

ment for furnishing security for costs are waived.(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4161.)

Sec. 75-4. Decision of Council; Remand bySupreme CourtThe council on probate judicial conduct shall

state its decision in writing on the issues of thecase. Within two weeks of receipt of notice of anappeal, the council shall file a finding of fact andconclusions therefrom. If the supreme courtdeems it necessary to the proper disposition ofthe cause, it may remand the case to the councilon probate judicial conduct for clarification of thebasis of its decision.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4162.)

Sec. 75-5. PartiesThe parties shall be referred to as the council

on probate judicial conduct and the respondent.(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4163.)

Sec. 75-6. Applicability of RulesAll proceedings subsequent to the filing of the

appeal shall be governed by the rules applicableto appeals and appeals from administrativeagencies.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4164.)


CHAPTER 76

APPEALS IN WORKERS’ COMPENSATION CASES

Sec. Sec.76-1. Applicability of Rules76-2. Filing Appeal76-3. Record; Preparation of Case File; Exhibits


Sec. 76-1. Applicability of RulesExcept as otherwise noted in Sections 76-2

through 76-6, the practice and procedure forappeals to the appellate court (1) from a decisionof the compensation review board (board), or (2)from a decision of a workers’ compensation com-missioner acting pursuant to General Statutes§ 31-290a(b) (§ 31-290a commissioner), shallconform to the rules of practice governing otherappeals.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4165.)

Sec. 76-2. Filing AppealThe appeal shall be filed with the appellate clerk

accompanied by a certification that a copy thereofhas been served on each party of record andon the board or the § 31-290a commissioner, asappropriate, in accordance with the provisions ofSection 62-7.

The appellate clerk shall stamp or note on theappeal the date and time of filing, shall docket theappeal, shall affix to the appeal the docket numberassigned to it, and shall send one copy to theboard or the § 31-290a commissioner, as appro-priate, and one copy to each appearing party.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4165.1.)

Sec. 76-3. Record; Preparation of CaseFile; ExhibitsWithin ten days of the issuance of notice of the

filing of an appeal, the board or the § 31-290acommissioner, as appropriate, shall cause to befiled with the appellate clerk two complete copiesof the case file. No omissions may be made fromthe case file except upon the authorization of theappellate clerk. Each document of the case filemust be numbered and the file must include atable of contents listing each item entered in thefile according to its number.

All exhibits before the board or the § 31-290acommissioner are deemed exhibits on appeal.The appellate clerk shall notify the board or the§ 31-290a commissioner of the exhibits requiredby the court. It shall be the responsibility of the

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76-4. Fees and Costs76-5. Reservation of Case76-6. Definitions

board or the § 31-290a commissioner to transmitthose exhibits promptly to the appellate clerk.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4165.2.)

Sec. 76-4. Fees and CostsOn appeals from the board or the § 31-290a

commissioner, or upon the reservation of a work-ers’ compensation case by the compensationreview board, no entry fee shall be paid, and nocosts shall be taxed in favor of either party pro-vided that if an appeal is found by the court eitherto be frivolous or to be taken for the purpose ofvexation or delay, the court may tax costs in itsdiscretion against the person so taking the appeal.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4165.4.)

Sec. 76-5. Reservation of CaseWhen, in any case arising under the provisions

of this chapter, the compensation review board isof the opinion that the decision involves principlesof law which are not free from reasonable doubtand which public interest requires shall be deter-mined by the appellate court, in order that a defi-nite rule be established applicable to future cases,the compensation review board may, on its ownmotion and without any agreement or act of theparties or their counsel, reserve such case for theopinion of the appellate court. Upon a reservationso made, no costs or fees shall be taxed in favorof either party. Upon the filing of such a reserva-tion, the question shall come before the appellatecourt as though an appeal had been taken, andthat court shall thereupon reserve the case for theopinion of the supreme court in the manner hereinindicated; but if, in the opinion of the appellatecourt, the principles of law involved in the decisionare in fact free from reasonable doubt and thepublic interest does not in fact require that theybe determined by the supreme court, the appellatecourt may, in its discretion, hear and determinethe controversy as in other cases. Any reservationunder this rule may be transferred to the supreme


court on its own motion pursuant to General Stat-utes § 51-199 (c) or on the motion of any partypursuant to Section 65-2.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4165.5.) (Amended July 21, 1999,to take effect Jan. 1, 2000.)

Sec. 76-6. DefinitionsWith regard to appeals from the board or the

§ 31-290a commissioner, references in the rules

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of appellate procedure to trial court or trial judgeshall, where applicable, be deemed to mean theindividuals who comprised the board which ren-dered the decision from which the appeal wastaken, or the § 31-290a commissioner, as appro-priate.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4165.6; see also Sec. 60-4)


CHAPTER 77

PROCEDURES CONCERNING COURT CLOSURE AND SEALING ORDERS OR ORDERS LIMITINGTHE DISCLOSURE OF FILES, AFFIDAVITS, DOCUMENTS OR OTHER MATERIAL

(Amended Oct. 15, 2003, to take effect Jan. 1, 2004.)

Sec. Sec.77-1. Expedited Review of an Order concerning Court

Closure, or an Order that Seals or Limits the Dis-closure of Files, Affidavits, Documents or OtherMaterial


Sec. 77-1. Expedited Review of an Orderconcerning Court Closure, or an Order thatSeals or Limits the Disclosure of Files, Affi-davits, Documents or Other Material(Amended July 21, 1999, to take effect Jan. 1, 2000.)

(a) Except as provided in subsection (b), anyperson affected by a court order which prohibitsthe public or any person from attending any ses-sion of court, or any order that seals or limits thedisclosure of files, affidavits, documents or othermaterial on file with the court or filed in connectionwith a court proceeding, may seek review of suchorder by filing an original and fifteen copies of apetition for review with the appellate court withinseventy-two hours after the issuance of the order.The petition shall fully comply with Sections 66-2 and 66-3. The petition shall not exceed tenpages in length, exclusive of the appendix, exceptwith special permission of the appellate court. Anappendix containing the information or complaint,the answer, all motions pertaining to the matter,the opinion or orders of the trial court sought tobe reviewed, a list of all parties with the names,addresses, telephone and facsimile numbers and,if applicable, the juris number of their counsel, thenames of all judges who participated in the case,and a transcript order acknowledgment form (JD-ES-38), shall be attached to each copy of thepetition.

Any person filing a petition for review pursuantto this rule shall serve a copy of the petition andappendix upon (1) all parties to the case and (2)any nonparty who sought the closure order ororder sealing or limiting disclosure by facsimile orhand delivery on the same day as the petition isfiled. Any party or nonparty who sought such ordermay file a written response within ninety-six hoursafter the filing of the petition for review. Failure to

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77-2. Sealing Orders; Treatment of Lodged Records

file a written response shall not preclude that partyor nonparty who sought the order under reviewfrom participating in the hearing on the petition.

The filing of any petition for review of a courtorder which prohibits the public or any personfrom attending any session of court shall stay theorder until the final determination of the review.The filing of any petition for review of an orderthat seals or limits the disclosure of files, affidavits,documents or other material on file with the courtshall not stay the order during the review.

The appellate court shall hold an expeditedhearing on any petition for review on the fifth busi-ness day next following the day upon which thecertificate of completion provided for by Section63-8 (c) has been filed with the appellate clerk.After such hearing the appellate court may affirm,modify or vacate the order reviewed.

(b) This section shall not apply to court ordersconcerning any session of court conducted pursu-ant to General Statutes §§ 46b-11, 46b-49, 46b-122, 54-76h, and any order issued pursuant to arule that seals or limits the disclosure of any affida-vit in support of an arrest warrant, or any otherprovision of the General Statutes under which thecourt is authorized to close proceedings.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4166.) (Amended July 21, 1999, andDecember 13, 1999, to take effect Jan. 1, 2000.)

Sec. 77-2. Sealing Orders; Treatment ofLodged Records

(a) When, by order of the trial court or by opera-tion of statute, a trial court file is sealed or issubject to limited disclosure, all filings with theappellate clerk in that matter shall be treated simi-larly unless otherwise ordered by the court havingappellate jurisdiction. Any sealing or limitation ondisclosure ordered by the trial court or required


by operation of statute as to any affidavit, docu-ment or other material filed in the trial court shallcontinue throughout the appellate process.

(b) If a claim is raised on appeal challengingthe denial of a motion to seal or limit disclosure

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pursuant to Section 7-4B (d), a lodged record shallremain conditionally under seal in the court havingappellate jurisdiction and shall be treated as anexhibit pursuant to the provisions of Section 68-1.

(Adopted Oct. 15, 2003, to take effect Jan. 1, 2004.)


CHAPTER 78

REVIEW OF GRAND JURY RECORD OR FINDING ORDER

Sec.78-1. Review of an Order concerning Disclosure of Grand

Jury Record or Finding


Sec. 78-1. Review of an Order concerningDisclosure of Grand Jury Record or FindingAny person aggrieved by an order of a panel

or an investigatory grand jury pursuant to GeneralStatutes § 54-47g may seek review of such orderby filing a petition for review with the appellatecourt within seventy-two hours after the issuance

435


of the order. The filing of any such petition forreview shall stay the order until the final determi-nation of the petition. The appellate court shallhold an expedited hearing on such petition. Aftersuch hearing, the appellate court may affirm, mod-ify or vacate the order reviewed.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4166A.)

RULES OF APPELLATE PROCEDURESec. 78a-1

CHAPTER 78a

REVIEW OF ORDERS CONCERNING RELEASE ON BAIL

Sec.78a-1. Petition for Review of Order Concerning Release

on Bail


Sec. 78a-1. Petition for Review of OrderConcerning Release on BailAny accused person or the state, aggrieved by

an order of the superior court concerning release,may petition the appellate court for review of suchorder. Any such petition shall have precedenceover any other matter before the appellate court

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and any hearing ordered by the court shall beheld expeditiously with reasonable notice.

Petitions for review of bail must conform to therequirements for motions for review set forth inSection 66-6 and are subject to transfer to thesupreme court pursuant to Section 65-3.



CHAPTER 79

APPEALS IN JUVENILE MATTERS

Sec. Sec.79-1. Time to Take; Form; Filing; Costs79-2. Clerk’s Duties79-3. Inspection of Records


Sec. 79-1. Time to Take; Form; Filing; CostsAppeals from judgments of the superior court

in juvenile matters shall be taken within twentydays from the issuance of notice of the renditionof the judgment from which the appeal is taken.

The appeal shall be filed with the clerk in chargeof juvenile matters with sufficient copies so thatthe clerk may distribute copies as required bySection 79-2.

An appellant who is indigent may make writtenapplication to the court before which the juvenilematter was heard for waiver of fees as providedin Section 63-6 or 63-7.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4166B.)

Sec. 79-2. Clerk’s DutiesIn addition to the clerk’s duties as specified in

Section 63-3, the clerk of the superior court incharge of juvenile matters shall also send a copyof the endorsed appeal form and the docket sheetto the commissioner of children and families, tothe petitioner upon whose application the pro-ceedings in the superior court were instituted,unless such party is the appellant, to any personor agency having custody of any child who is asubject of the proceeding, and to all other inter-ested persons; and if the addresses of any suchpersons do not appear of record, such juvenileclerk shall call the matter to the attention of a

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79-4. Hearings; Confidentiality79-5. Briefs

judge of the superior court who shall make suchan order of notice as such judge deems advisable.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4166B.1.)

Sec. 79-3. Inspection of RecordsThe records and papers of any juvenile matter

shall be open for inspection only to counsel ofrecord and to others having a proper interesttherein only upon order of the court. The nameof the child or youth involved in any appeal froma juvenile matter shall not appear on the recordof the appeal.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4166B.2.)

Sec. 79-4. Hearings; Confidentiality(a) For the purpose of maintaining confidential-

ity, upon the hearing of an appeal from a juvenilematter, the court may exclude any person fromthe court whose presence is unnecessary.

(b) All proceedings shall be conducted in a man-ner that will preserve the anonymity of the childor youth.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4166B.3.) (Amended Oct. 15, 2003,to take effect Jan. 1, 2004.)

Sec. 79-5. BriefsBriefing in juvenile matters shall be in accord-

ance with the general rules for briefing appeals,except that a brief or statement in accordancewith Section 67-13 shall be filed by counsel forthe minor child and/or counsel for the guardianad litem within ten days of the filing of the appel-lee’s brief.

(Adopted Nov. 4, 2004, to take effect Jan. 1, 2005.)


CHAPTER 80

APPEALS IN HABEAS CORPUS PROCEEDINGS FOLLOWING CONVICTION

Sec.80-1. Certification to Appeal; Procedure on Appeal


Sec. 80-1. Certification to Appeal; Proce-dure on AppealIn any habeas corpus proceeding where the

party desiring to appeal is required by statute topetition the trial court for certification that a ques-tion is involved in the decision which ought to bereviewed by the appellate court, the petition forsuch certification shall be made to the judge whotried the case or, if such judge is unavailable, ajudge of the superior court designated by the chief

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court administrator, within ten days after the caseis decided. The appeal shall be filed within twentydays from the issuance of the notice of decisionon the petition for certification, unless an applica-tion for waiver of fees, costs and security is filedpursuant to Section 63-6, in which event theappeal shall be filed within twenty days from thedecision on the application.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4166C.) (Amended July 23, 1998,to take effect Jan. 1, 1999; amended May 12, 2004, to takeeffect Jan. 1, 2005.)


CHAPTER 81

APPEALS TO APPELLATE COURT BY CERTIFICATION FOR REVIEWIN ACCORDANCE WITH GENERAL STATUTES CHAPTERS 124 AND 440

Sec. Sec.81-1. Petition; Where to File; Time to File; Service; Fee81-2. Form of Petition81-3. Statement in Opposition to Petition


Sec. 81-1. Petition; Where to File; Time toFile; Service; Fee(a) A petition for certification in accordance with

chapters 124 and 440 of the General Statutesshall be filed by the party aggrieved by the deci-sion of the trial court in the trial court within twentydays from the issuance of notice of the decision ofthe trial court. If within this period a timely motion isfiled which, if granted, would render the trial courtjudgment ineffective, as, for example, a motionfor a new trial, then the twenty days shall run fromthe issuance of notice of the decision thereon.

The petitioner shall file the original and onecopy of the petition with, and pay a filing fee to,the clerk of the trial court. The clerk shall endorseon the original petition the date and time of filingand the receipt, or waiver, of fees. The clerk shallreturn the original endorsed petition to the peti-tioner, who shall promptly file it, together with fif-teen additional copies, with the appellate clerk.The petitioner shall serve a copy upon every otherparty in the manner set forth in Section 62-7.

(b) Any other party aggrieved by the decisionof the trial court may file a cross petition withinten days of the filing of the original petition. Thefiling of cross petitions, including the payment ofthe fee, service pursuant to Section 62-7, the formof the cross petition, and all subsequent proceed-ings shall be the same as though the cross petitionwere an original petition.

(c) The filing of a petition or cross petition byone party shall be deemed to be a filing on behalfof that party only.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4142.) (Amended Sept. 22, 2004,to take effect Jan. 1, 2005; amended May 4, 2006, to takeeffect Jan. 1, 2007.)

Sec. 81-2. Form of Petition(a) A petition for certification shall contain the

following sections in the order indicated here:(1) A statement of the questions presented for

review, expressed in the terms and circumstancesof the case but without unnecessary detail.

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81-4. Proceedings after Certification by Appellate Court81-5. Extensions of Time81-6. Filing of Regulations

(2) A statement of the basis for certificationidentifying the specific reasons why the appellatecourt should allow the extraordinary relief of certifi-cation. These reasons may include but are notlimited to the following:

(A) The court below has decided a questionof substance not theretofore determined by thesupreme court or the appellate court or hasdecided it in a way probably not in accord withapplicable decisions of the supreme court or theappellate court.

(B) The decision under review is in conflict withother decisions of the court below.

(C) The court below has so far departed fromthe accepted and usual course of judicial proceed-ings, or has so far sanctioned such a departureby any other court, as to call for an exercise ofthe appellate court’s supervision.

(D) A question of great public importance isinvolved.

(3) A summary of the case containing the factsmaterial to the consideration of the questions pre-sented, reciting the disposition of the matter in thetrial court, and describing specifically how the trialcourt decided the questions presented for reviewin the petition.

(4) A concise argument amplifying the reasonsrelied upon to support the petition. No separatememorandum of law in support of the petition willbe accepted by the appellate clerk.

(5) An appendix containing the opinion or orderof the trial court sought to be reviewed, a copy ofthe order on any motion which would stay orextend the time period for filing the petition, anda list of all parties to the appeal in the trial courtwith the names, addresses, telephone and fac-simile numbers, and, if applicable, the juris num-bers of their counsel.

(b) The petition shall not exceed ten pages inlength, exclusive of the appendix, except with spe-cial permission of the appellate clerk. The petitionshall be typewritten and fully double spaced, andshall not exceed three lines to the vertical inch or


twenty-seven lines to the page. Footnotes andblock quotations may be single spaced. Only thefollowing two typefaces, of 12 point or larger size,are approved for use in petitions: arial and univers.Each page of a petition shall have as a minimumthe following margins: top, 1 inch; left, 1 and 1/4inch; right, 1/2 inch; and bottom, 1 inch. A certifi-cate shall be attached to the signed, original peti-tion, indicating that it is in compliance with all theprovisions of this rule.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4142.1.) (Amended July 23, 1998,to take effect Jan. 1, 1999; amended Jan. 17, 2002, to takeeffect April 15, 2002; amended May 15, 2003, to take effectJan. 1, 2004.)

Sec. 81-3. Statement in Opposition toPetition(a) Within ten days of the filing of the petition

in the trial court, any party may file a statementin opposition to the petition. The original statementin opposition, together with fifteen additional cop-ies, shall be filed with the appellate clerk. Thestatement shall disclose any reasons why certifi-cation should not be granted by the appellate courtand shall be presented in a manner which isresponsive, in form and content, to the petition itopposes. The statement in opposition shall notexceed ten pages in length, except with specialpermission of the appellate clerk. The statementin opposition shall be typewritten and fully doublespaced and shall not exceed three lines to thevertical inch or twenty-seven lines to the page.Footnotes and block quotations may be singlespaced. Only the following two typefaces, of 12point or larger size, are approved for use in thestatement in opposition: arial and univers. Eachpage of a statement in opposition to a petitionshall have as a minimum the following margins:top, 1 inch; left, 1 and 1/4 inch; right, 1/2 inch;and bottom, 1 inch. A certificate shall be attachedto the signed, original statement in opposition,indicating that it is in compliance with all the provi-sions of this rule.

No separate memorandum of law in support ofthe statement in opposition will be accepted bythe appellate clerk.

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(b) The statement in opposition shall be servedin the manner set forth in Section 62-7.

(c) No motion to dismiss a petition for certifica-tion will be accepted by the appellate clerk. Anyobjection to the jurisdiction of the court to entertainthe petition shall be included in the statement inopposition.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4142.2.) (Amended Jan. 17, 2002,to take effect April 15, 2002; amended May 15, 2003, to takeeffect Jan. 1, 2004; amended May 4, 2006, to take effect Jan.1, 2007.)

Sec. 81-4. Proceedings after Certification byAppellate CourtWithin twenty days from the issuance of notice

of certification, the petitioner, who shall be consid-ered the appellant, shall file the appeal in themanner provided by Section 63-3, take all othersteps as may be required by Section 63-4, andin accordance with Section 63-5 shall pay theappropriate fees and give security. The clerk ofthe trial court must forward the case file to theappellate clerk in accordance with Section 68-1.Except as otherwise noted in Section 81-6, allproceedings subsequent to the filing of the appealshall be governed by the rules applicable toappeals and appeals from administrativeagencies.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4142.3.) (Amended July 24, 2002,to take effect Oct. 1, 2002.)

Sec. 81-5. Extensions of TimeMotions for extensions of time for purposes of

filing a petition for certification or a statement inopposition thereto shall be filed with the appellateclerk and shall be governed by Section 66-1.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4142.4.)

Sec. 81-6. Filing of RegulationsThe appellant’s brief shall be filed simultane-

ously with one complete copy of the local landuse regulations that were in effect at the time ofthe hearing that gave rise to the agency action orruling in dispute. The regulations shall be certifiedby the local zoning or equivalent official as havingbeen in effect at the time of the hearing. Theappellant need not serve a copy of such regula-tions on other counsel of record.

(Adopted July 24, 2002, to take effect Oct. 1, 2002.)


CHAPTER 82

CERTIFIED QUESTIONS TO OR FROM COURTS OF OTHER JURISDICTIONS

(Amended Nov. 4, 2004, to take effect Jan. 1, 2005; amended Feb. 1, 2005, to take effect Jan. 1, 2006.)

Sec. Sec.82-1. Certification of Questions from Other Courts82-2. Method of Initiating [Repealed]82-3. Contents of Certification Request82-4. Preparation of Certification Request


Sec. 82-1. Certification of Questions fromOther CourtsThe supreme court may answer questions of

law certified to it by a court of the United Statesor by the highest court of another state, as definedin General Statutes § 51-199b, or by the highestcourt of a tribe of Native Americans recognizedby federal law when requested by the certifyingcourt if the answer may be determinative of anissue in pending litigation in the certifying courtand if there is no controlling appellate decision,constitutional provision or statute of this state.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4168.) (Amended Nov. 4, 2004, totake effect Jan. 1, 2005; amended Feb. 1, 2005, to take effectJan. 1, 2006.)

Sec. 82-2. Method of Initiating[Repealed as of Jan. 1, 2005.]

Sec. 82-3. Contents of Certification RequestA certification request shall set forth: (1) The

questions of law to be answered; (2) a finding orstipulation approved by the court setting forth allfacts relevant to answering the questions certifiedand showing fully the nature of the controversy inwhich the questions arose; (3) that the receivingcourt may reformulate the questions; and (4) thenames and addresses of counsel of record andpro se parties.

The questions presented should be such as willbe determinative of the case, and it must appearthat their present determination would be in theinterest of simplicity, directness and economy ofjudicial action.

All questions presented shall be specific andshall be phrased so as to require a Yes or Noanswer, wherever possible.


Sec. 82-4. Preparation of CertificationRequestThe certification request shall be prepared by

the certifying court, signed by the judge presiding

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82-5. Receipt; Costs of Certification82-6. Briefs and Argument82-7. Opinion82-8. Certification of Questions to Other Courts

at the hearing, and forwarded to the supremecourt by the clerk of the certifying court underits official seal. The certification request shall besubmitted together with eight copies thereof andalso eight copies of any briefs or other documentsrelating to the questions certified. Upon receipt ofthe certification request, the appellate clerk shallnotify the parties who shall be allowed a periodof ten days from the date of mailing such noticeto file objections to the acceptance of the certifica-tion request. The supreme court shall either pre-liminarily accept or decline the certificationrequest. An order of preliminary acceptance shallnot prevent the supreme court from rejecting thecertification if it should later appear to have beenimprovidently ordered.

The supreme court may decline to answer thequestions certified whenever it appears that thequestions have been improperly framed, the nec-essary facts have not been fully set forth, or, forany other reason, certification has been improvi-dently ordered. The supreme court may alsorequest the certifying court to provide additionalfacts required for a decision upon the questionscertified, and also to clarify such questions whennecessary. The supreme court may require theoriginal or copies of all or of any portion of therecord before the certifying court to be filed withthe certification order, if, in the opinion of thesupreme court, the record or portion thereof maybe necessary in answering the questions.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4171.)

Sec. 82-5. Receipt; Costs of CertificationUpon issuance of an order of preliminary accep-

tance, the appellate clerk shall docket the order,affix to the order the docket number assigned,and shall send notice of issuance of such order,with the docket number assigned, to the certifyingcourt and to all parties. Within twenty days ofreceipt of such notice, the fees and costs shallbe paid equally by the parties, unless otherwise


ordered by the certifying court in its order of certifi-cation. In addition, within twenty days of prelimi-nary acceptance, the parties shall file a docketingstatement in the format specified in Section 63-4 (a) (4). No security or recognizance shall berequired, and no costs shall be taxed in favor ofeither party.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4172.)

Sec. 82-6. Briefs and ArgumentThe plaintiff in the court that requested certifica-

tion shall be deemed the appellant, and thedefendant in such court shall be deemed theappellee for purposes of these rules, unless other-wise ordered by the court.

Briefs filed by the parties shall conform to therules here. The time for filing briefs shall com-mence from the mailing of notice of preliminaryacceptance of the certification order.

Oral argument shall be as provided for by therules here, unless otherwise ordered by the court.


Sec. 82-7. OpinionUpon publication thereof, the written opinion of

the supreme court in response to the question or

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questions certified shall be sent by the appellateclerk to the certifying court. Unless otherwiseordered by the supreme court, official notificationto counsel of record shall be the publication ofthe opinion in the Connecticut Law Journal.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4174.)

Sec. 82-8. Certification of Questions toOther CourtsThe supreme court, on its own motion or motion

of a party, may certify a question of law to thehighest court of another state, as defined in Gen-eral Statutes § 51-199b, or to the highest court ofa tribe of Native Americans recognized by federallaw if the pending cause involves a question tobe decided under the law of the other jurisdiction;the answer to the question may be determinativeof an issue in the pending cause; and the questionis one for which no answer is provided by a con-trolling appellate decision, constitutional provi-sion, or statute of the other jurisdiction. Theprocedures for certification from the supremecourt to the receiving court shall be those providedin the statutes or rules of the receiving court.

(Adopted Feb. 1, 2005, to take effect Jan. 1, 2006.)


CHAPTER 83

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO GENERAL STATUTES § 52-265a IN CASES OFSUBSTANTIAL PUBLIC INTEREST

Sec. Sec.83-1. Application; In General83-2. Application Granted


Sec. 83-1. Application; In GeneralPrior to filing an appeal pursuant to General

Statutes § 52-265a, the party seeking to appealshall, within two weeks of the issuance of theorder or decision of the superior court, submit anoriginal plus three copies of an application forcertification by the chief justice (1) stating thequestion of law on which the appeal is to be based,(2) describing the substantial public interest thatis alleged to be involved, and (3) explaining whydelay may work a substantial injustice.

Using an expeditious delivery method such asovernight mail or facsimile or other electronicmedium, the party submitting the application shallprovide the trial judge, the trial court clerk, and allcounsel of record with a copy of the application.This requirement is in addition to the customarycertification requirements of Section 62-7.


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83-3. Application Denied83-4. Unavailability of Chief Justice

Sec. 83-2. Application GrantedIf any application is certified pursuant to Gen-

eral Statutes § 52-265a by the chief justice, theusual rules of procedure shall apply except asmodified by the supreme court pursuant to Sec-tions 60-2 or 60-3. The party certified to appealshall have such additional time as the order ofcertification allows to file the appeal.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4178.)

Sec. 83-3. Application DeniedIf an application pursuant to General Statutes

§ 52-265a is denied by the chief justice, the denialshall be deemed to terminate all proceedingsrelating to the appeal.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4179.)

Sec. 83-4. Unavailability of Chief JusticeIf the chief justice is unavailable or disqualified,

the most senior associate justice who is availableand is not disqualified shall rule on the applicationfor certification.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4180.)


CHAPTER 84

APPEALS TO SUPREME COURT BY CERTIFICATION FOR REVIEW

Sec. Sec.84-1. Certification by Supreme Court84-2. Basis for Certification84-3. Stay of Execution84-4. Petition; Time to File; Where to File; Service; Fee84-5. Form of Petition84-6. Statement in Opposition to Petition


Sec. 84-1. Certification by Supreme CourtAn appeal may be taken to the supreme court

upon the final determination of an appeal in theappellate court where the supreme court, uponpetition of an aggrieved party, certifies the casefor review.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4126.)

Sec. 84-2. Basis for CertificationCertification by the supreme court on petition

by a party is not a matter of right but of soundjudicial discretion and will be allowed only wherethere are special and important reasons therefor.The following, while neither controlling nor fullymeasuring the court’s discretion, indicate thecharacter of the reasons which will be considered:

(1) Where the appellate court has decided aquestion of substance not theretofore determinedby the supreme court or has decided it in a wayprobably not in accord with applicable decisionsof the supreme court.

(2) Where the decision under review is in con-flict with other decisions of the appellate court.

(3) Where the appellate court has so fardeparted from the accepted and usual course ofjudicial proceedings, or so far sanctioned such adeparture by any other court, as to call for anexercise of the supreme court’s supervision.

(4) Where a question of great public importanceis involved.

(5) Where the judges of the appellate panel aredivided in their decision or, though concurring inthe result, are unable to agree upon a commonground of decision.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4127.)

Sec. 84-3. Stay of ExecutionIn any action in which a stay of proceedings

was in effect during the pendency of the appeal,or, if no stay of proceedings was in effect, in whichthe decision of the appellate court would change

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84-7. Extensions of Time84-8. Grant or Denial of Certification84-9. Proceedings after Certification; Appeals Deemed

Pending84-10. Record84-11. Papers to Be Filed by Appellant and Appellee84-12. Applicability of Rules

the position of any party from its position duringthe pendency of the appeal, proceedings toenforce or carry out the judgment shall be stayeduntil the time to file the petition has expired. If apetition by a party is filed, the proceedings shallbe stayed until the supreme court acts on thepetition and, if the petition is granted, until the finaldetermination of the cause; but if the presidingjudge of an appellate panel which heard the caseis of the opinion that the certification proceedingshave been taken only for delay or that the dueadministration of justice so requires, such presid-ing judge may, up to the time the supreme courtacts upon the petition, upon motion order thatthe stay be terminated. If such presiding judge isunavailable, the most senior judge on such panelwho is available may act upon such a motion fortermination of the stay.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4128.)

Sec. 84-4. Petition; Time to File; Where toFile; Service; Fee(a) A petition for certification shall be filed by

the petitioner within twenty days of (1) the datethe opinion is officially released as set forth inSection 71-4, or (2) the issuance of notice of anyorder or judgment finally determining a cause inthe appellate court, whichever is earlier. If withinthis period a timely motion is filed which, if granted,would render the appellate court order or judg-ment ineffective, as, for example, a motion forreconsideration, or if within this period an applica-tion for waiver of fees is filed, then the twentydays shall run from the issuance of notice of thedecision thereon.

Except in workers’ compensation cases, thepetitioner for certification shall file the original andone copy of the petition with, and pay a filing feeto, the clerk of the trial court except that no feeshall be required in cases where a waiver of fees,costs and expenses under Section 63-6 or 63-7


was previously granted. The fee may be paid tothe clerk of any trial court in the state. The clerkshall endorse on the original petition the date andtime of filing and the receipt, or waiver, of fees.The clerk shall return the original endorsed peti-tion to the petitioner, who shall promptly sendit, together with fifteen additional copies, to theappellate clerk. The petitioner shall serve a copyupon every other party in the manner set forth inSection 62-7, and if the fee was paid at a locationother than the original trial court, then the peti-tioner shall also serve a copy upon the clerk ofthe original trial court.

In workers’ compensation cases the petitionershall file the original and fifteen copies with theappellate clerk. The petitioner shall serve a copyupon every other party in the manner set forth inSection 62-7, and upon the trial commissioner ina General Statutes § 31-290a appeal and uponthe compensation review board in an appeal fromthat board. No fee is required in workers’ compen-sation cases.

(b) Any other party aggrieved by the judgmentof the appellate court may file a cross petitionwithin ten days of the filing of the original petition.The filing of cross petitions, including the paymentof the fee, service pursuant to Section 62-7, theform of the cross petition, and all subsequent pro-ceedings shall be the same as though the crosspetition were an original petition.

(c) The filing of a petition or cross petition byone party shall not be deemed to be a filing onbehalf of any other party.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4129.) (Amended July 23, 1998, totake effect Jan. 1, 1999; amended July 21, 1999, to take effectJan. 1, 2000; amended Oct. 10, 2001, to take effect Jan. 1,2002; amended May 4, 2006, to take effect Jan. 1, 2007.)

Sec. 84-5. Form of Petition(a) A petition for certification shall contain the

following sections in the order indicated here:(1) A statement of the questions presented for

review, expressed in the terms and circumstancesof the case but without unnecessary detail. Thesupreme court will ordinarily consider only thosequestions squarely raised, subject to any limita-tion in the order granting certification.

(2) A statement of the basis for certificationidentifying the specific reasons, including but notlimited to those enumerated in Section 84-2, whythe supreme court should allow the extraordinaryrelief of certification.

(3) A summary of the case containing the factsmaterial to the consideration of the questions pre-sented, reciting the disposition of the matter in theappellate court, and describing specifically howthe appellate court decided the questions pre-sented for review in the petition.

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(4) A concise argument amplifying the reasonsrelied upon to support the petition. No separatememorandum of law in support of the petition willbe accepted by the appellate clerk.

(5) An appendix containing:(A) the opinion or order of the appellate court

sought to be reviewed,(B) if the opinion or order of the appellate court

was a summary affirmance or dismissal, a copyof the trial court’s memorandum of decision thatwas entered in connection with the claim raisedby the petitioner before the appellate court, or, ifno memorandum was filed, a copy of the trialcourt’s ruling on the matter,

(C) a copy of the order on any motion whichwould stay or extend the time period for filingthe petition,

(D) a list of all parties to the appeal in the appel-late court with the names, addresses, telephoneand facsimile numbers, and if applicable, the jurisnumbers of their trial and appellate counsel.

The appendix may be reproduced on both sidesof a page.

(b) The petition shall not exceed ten pages inlength, exclusive of the appendix, except with spe-cial permission of the appellate clerk. The petitionshall be typewritten and fully double spaced, andshall not exceed three lines to the vertical inch ortwenty-seven lines to the page. Footnotes andblock quotations may be single spaced. Only thefollowing two typefaces, of 12 point or larger size,are approved for use in petitions: arial and univers.Each page of a petition shall have as a minimumthe following margins: top, 1 inch; left, 1 and 1/4inch; right, 1/2 inch; and bottom, 1 inch. A certifi-cate shall be attached to the signed, original peti-tion, indicating that it is in compliance with all theprovisions of this rule.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4130.) (Amended July 23, 1998, totake effect Jan. 1, 1999; amended Jan. 17, 2002, to take effectApril 15, 2002; amended May 15, 2003, to take effect Jan.1, 2004.)

Sec. 84-6. Statement in Opposition toPetition(a) Within ten days of the filing of the petition

in the trial court, any party may file a statementin opposition to the petition. The original statementin opposition, together with fifteen additional cop-ies, shall be filed with the appellate clerk. Thestatement in opposition shall disclose any reasonswhy certification should not be granted by thesupreme court and shall be presented in a mannerwhich is responsive, in form and content, to thepetition it opposes. The statement in oppositionshall not exceed ten pages in length except withspecial permission of the appellate clerk.


The statement in opposition shall be typewrittenand fully double spaced and shall not exceedthree lines to the vertical inch or twenty-sevenlines to the page. Footnotes and block quotationsmay be single spaced. Only the following two type-faces, of 12 point or larger size, are approvedfor use in the statement in opposition: arial andunivers. Each page of a statement in oppositionto a petition shall have as a minimum the followingmargins: top, 1 inch; left, 1 and 1/4 inch; right,1/2 inch; and bottom, 1 inch. A certificate shallbe attached to the signed, original statement inopposition, indicating that it is in compliance withall the provisions of this rule.

No separate memorandum of law in support ofthe statement in opposition will be accepted bythe appellate clerk.

(b) The statement in opposition shall be servedin the manner set forth in Section 62-7.

(c) No motion to dismiss a petition for certifica-tion will be accepted by the appellate clerk. Anyobjection to the jurisdiction of the court to entertainthe petition shall be included in the statement inopposition.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4131.) (Amended Jan. 17, 2002, totake effect April 15, 2002; amended May 15, 2003, to takeeffect Jan. 1, 2004; amended May 4, 2006, to take effect Jan.1, 2007.)

Sec. 84-7. Extensions of TimeMotions for extensions of time for purposes of

filing a petition for certification or a statement inopposition thereto shall be filed with the appellateclerk and shall be governed by Section 66-1.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4132.)

Sec. 84-8. Grant or Denial of CertificationA petition by a party shall be granted on the

affirmative vote of three or more justices of thesupreme court. Upon the determination of anypetition, the appellate clerk shall enter an ordergranting or denying the certification in accordancewith the determination of the court and shall sendnotice of the court’s order to the clerk of the trialcourt and to counsel.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4136.)

Sec. 84-9. Proceedings after Certification;Appeals Deemed PendingWhenever certification is granted by the

supreme court, the cause shall be deemed pend-ing on appeal in the supreme court and the appel-late clerk shall enter the case upon the docket.Where a petition has been granted, the petitionershall be considered the appellant. The appellantshall pay the filing fee to the clerk of any trial courtwithin twenty days from the issuance of notice ofcertification. No fee shall be required, however,in workers’ compensation cases or in cases where

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a waiver of fees, costs and expenses under Sec-tions 63-6 or 63-7 was previously granted. Theappellant shall certify to all other counsel and tothe clerk of the trial court from which the causearose that the fees have been paid or that no feeswere required. Security for costs is not requiredto take an appeal pursuant to a grant of certifica-tion, but security may at any time, on motion andnotice to the appellant, be ordered by the supremecourt. Such security, if ordered, shall be filed withthe trial court. The appellant shall also file withthe appellate clerk the docketing statementrequired by Section 63-4 (a) (4). The appellant’sbrief shall be filed within forty-five days from theissuance of notice of certification, and thereafterthe time limits for filing the appellee’s brief andthe reply brief, if any, shall be in accordance withSection 67-3.

The issues which the appellant may presentare limited to those raised in the petition for certifi-cation, except where the issues are further limitedby the order granting certification.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4138.) (Amended July 24, 2002, totake effect Oct. 1, 2002.)

Sec. 84-10. RecordThose portions of the record on appeal to the

appellate court relevant to the issue certified bythe supreme court shall constitute the record onappeal to the supreme court and shall be preparedand distributed in the same manner as in otherappeals to the supreme court. In addition, therecord shall include the appellate court order ordecision on the order granting certification and, tothe extent the appellate clerk deems appropriate,any papers subsequently filed pursuant to Section84-11.

The argument, if any, before the appellate courtshall not be considered part of the record onappeal to the supreme court, except upon motionby a party showing special and important rea-sons therefor.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4139.)

Sec. 84-11. Papers to Be Filed by Appellantand Appellee(a) Upon the granting of certification, the appel-

lee may present for review alternative groundsupon which the judgment may be affirmed pro-vided those grounds were raised and briefed inthe appellate court. Any party to the appeal mayalso present for review adverse rulings or deci-sions which should be considered on the appealin the event of a new trial, provided that such partyhas raised such claims in the appellate court. Ifsuch alternative grounds for affirmation oradverse rulings or decisions to be considered inthe event of a new trial were not raised in theappellate court, the party seeking to raise them


in the supreme court must move for special per-mission to do so prior to the filing of that party’sbrief. Such permission will be granted only inexceptional cases where the interests of justiceso require.

(b) Any party may also present for review anyclaim that the relief afforded by the appellate courtin its judgment should be modified, provided suchclaim was raised in the appellate court either insuch party’s brief or upon a motion for reconsid-eration.

(c) Any party desiring to present alternativegrounds for affirmance, adverse rulings or deci-sions in the event of a new trial or a claim concern-ing the relief ordered by the appellate court shall

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file a statement thereof within fourteen days fromthe issuance of notice of certification. Parties shallnot file other Section 63-4 papers on a certifiedappeal without permission of the supreme court.


Sec. 84-12. Applicability of RulesThe rules governing other appeals shall, so far

as applicable, and to the extent they have notbeen modified by this chapter, be the rules for allproceedings subsequent to the granting of certifi-cation.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4141.)

RULES OF APPELLATE PROCEDURESec. 84a-1

CHAPTER 84a

MATTERS WITHIN SUPREME COURT’S ORIGINAL JURISDICTIONIN WHICH FACTS MAY BE FOUND

Sec. Sec.84a-1. Application of Rules84a-2. Pleadings and Motions84a-3. Discovery


Sec. 84a-1. Application of RulesThese rules apply only to an action within the

original jurisdiction of the supreme court in whichfacts may be found.

These rules do not apply to (1) a motion toinvoke the court’s supervisory powers under Sec-tion 60-2 of these rules, or (2) certified questionsof law from courts of other jurisdictions underchapter 82 of these rules.


Sec. 84a-2. Pleadings and MotionsUnless otherwise ordered in a particular case,

the form of pleadings and motions prescribed inthe rules of practice should be followed in an origi-nal action in the supreme court. In other respects,those rules, when their application is appropriate,may be taken as a guide to procedure in an origi-nal action in this court.


Sec. 84a-3. DiscoveryThe rules of practice pertaining to discovery

shall not apply in original actions in the supremecourt except to the extent expressly authorizedby the court in a particular case.


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84a-4. Reference of Issues of Fact84a-5. Evidence84a-6. Other Officers

Sec. 84a-4. Reference of Issues of Fact(a) ReferenceIssues of fact closed on pleadings in an original

action in the supreme court may be referred, byorder of the chief justice or his or her designee,to a senior judge, justice or judge trial referee or,should the parties agree, to any other person orpersons, which referral may contain such provi-sions as the court deems advisable.

(b) ProcedureUnless otherwise ordered by the court, if any

reference is made pursuant to subsection (a), therules of practice pertaining to references in chap-ter 19 of these rules shall apply.

(c) Costs of ReferencesThe court may allocate the costs of the refer-

ence in its discretion.(Adopted June 2, 2005, to take effect Jan. 1, 2006.)

Sec. 84a-5. EvidenceThe Connecticut Code of Evidence may be

taken as a guide to the admission of evidence inan original action in the supreme court.


Sec. 84a-6. Other OfficersThe court may appoint such other officers as the

court deems advisable in carrying out its originaljurisdiction. The costs of such officers shall betaxed in accordance with Section 84a-4 (c).



CHAPTER 85

SANCTIONS

Sec. Sec.85-1. Lack of Diligence in Prosecuting or Defending

Appeal


Sec. 85-1. Lack of Diligence in Prosecutingor Defending AppealIf a party shall fail to prosecute an appeal with

proper diligence, the court may dismiss the appealwith costs. If a party shall fail to defend againstan appeal with proper diligence, the court mayset aside in whole or in part the judgment underattack, with costs, and direct the entry of an appro-priate final judgment by the trial court against theparty guilty of the failure. If that party is a defend-ant in the action, the directed judgment may bein the nature of a judgment by default for suchamount as may, upon a hearing in damages, befound to be due. If that party is a plaintiff in theaction, the directed judgment may be one dismiss-ing the action as to that plaintiff, and the judgmentshall operate as an adjudication upon the merits.The statutory provisions regarding the opening ofjudgments of nonsuit and by default shall not applyto a judgment directed under the provisions ofthis rule.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4184A.)

Sec. 85-2. Other Actions Subject toSanctionsActions which may result in the imposition of

sanctions include, but are not limited to, the fol-lowing:

(1) Failure to comply with rules and orders ofthe court.

(2) Filing of any papers which unduly delay theprogress of an appeal.

(3) Presentation of unnecessary or unwar-ranted motions or opposition to motions.

449


85-2. Other Actions Subject to Sanctions85-3. Procedure on Sanctions

(4) Presentation of unnecessary or unwar-ranted issues on appeal.

(5) Presentation of a frivolous appeal or frivo-lous issues on appeal.

(6) Presentation of a frivolous defense ordefenses on appeal.

(7) Failure to attend preargument settlementconferences.

(8) Disregard of rules governing withdrawal ofappeals.

(9) Repeated failures to meet deadlines.Offenders will be subject, at the discretion of

the court, to appropriate discipline, including theprohibition against appearing in the court or filingany papers in the court for a reasonable and defi-nite period of time, the imposition of a fine pursu-ant to General Statutes § 51-84, and costs andpayment of expenses, together with attorney’sfees to the opposing party.

The sanction of prohibition against filing anypapers in the court shall not prevent an offenderfrom filing a motion for reconsideration of thatsanction within seven days.

Offenders subject to such discipline includeboth counsel and pro se parties and, if appro-priate, parties represented by counsel.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4184B.)

Sec. 85-3. Procedure on SanctionsSanctions may be imposed by the court, on its

own motion, or on motion by any party to theappeal. A motion for sanctions may be filed at anytime. A hearing at which any party may be heardshall be held before the imposition of any sanction.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4184C.)


CHAPTER 86

RULES CHANGES; EFFECTIVE DATE; APPLICABILITY

Sec. Sec.86-1. Publication of Rules; Effective Date


Sec. 86-1. Publication of Rules; EffectiveDateEach rule hereafter adopted by the justices of

the supreme court and the judges of the appellatecourt shall be promulgated by being publishedonce in the Connecticut Law Journal. The ruleshall become effective at such date as the justicesand judges shall prescribe, but not less than sixtydays after its promulgation. The justices andjudges may waive the sixty day provision if theydeem that circumstances require that a rule or achange in an existing rule be adopted expedi-tiously.

(P.B. 1978-1997, Sec. 4188.) (Amended May 12, 2004, totake effect Jan. 1, 2005.)

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86-2. Rule Changes; Applicability to Pending Appeals

Sec. 86-2. Rule Changes; Applicability toPending AppealsWhenever a new rule is adopted or a change

is made to an existing rule, the new rule or rulechange shall apply to all appeals pending on theeffective date of the new rule or rule change andto all appeals filed thereafter. Appellate papersfiled prior to the effective date of any new rule orrule change need not be refiled.

Any difficulty occasioned by the application ofa new rule or rule change to appeals taken priorto the effective date thereof shall be resolved inthe spirit of Section 60-1.


REFERENCE TABLE

REFERENCE TABLE

Rules in the Practice Book of 1978 as amended* to Rules in the Practice Book of 1998. The numbers in thecenter column are the temporary rule numbers assigned in the Connecticut Law Journal (CLJ) of July 29, 1997.

P.B. 1978-1997 CLJ P.B. 1998Sec. Sec.

1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1None . . . . . . . . . 1A . . . . . . . . . . . 1-22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-33 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-44 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-65A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-76 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-87 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-97A Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None7B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-107C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-118 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-210 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-312 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-413 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-514 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-615A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-716 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-817 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-918 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1018A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1119 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1220 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1322 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1423 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1524 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1624A Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None24B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1724C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1824D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1924E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2024F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2125 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2226 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2326A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2426B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2527 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2627A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2727A.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2827B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2927C Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None27D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3027E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3127F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3227G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3327H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3427J . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3527M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3627M.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3727N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3828 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None

* Rules repealed prior to 1995 are not represented in this table.

451


P.B. 1978-1997 CLJ P.B. 1998Sec. Sec.

28A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3928B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4028B.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4128C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4228D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4329 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4430 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4530A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4631 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4731A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4831B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4932 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5034 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5135 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5236 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5336A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5437 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5538 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None39 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5640 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5741 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5842 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5944 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6045 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6146 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6246A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6346B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6446C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6547 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6648 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6748A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None49 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-150 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-251 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-352 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-453 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-554 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-655 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-756 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-857 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-958 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1059 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1160 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1263 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None64(a) . . . . . . . . . 7P . . . . . . . . . . . 3-164(b) . . . . . . . . . 7Q. . . . . . . . . . . 3-264(b) . . . . . . . . . 7R. . . . . . . . . . . 3-364(c) . . . . . . . . . 7S . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4None . . . . . . . . . 7T . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5None . . . . . . . . . 7U. . . . . . . . . . . 3-6None . . . . . . . . . 7V . . . . . . . . . . . 3-765 . . . . . . . . . . . 7W . . . . . . . . . . 3-868 . . . . . . . . . . . 7CC . . . . . . . . . . 3-1469 . . . . . . . . . . . 7DD . . . . . . . . . . 3-1570 . . . . . . . . . . . 7EE . . . . . . . . . . 3-16

REFERENCE TABLE

P.B. 1978-1997 CLJ P.B. 1998Sec. Sec.

71 . . . . . . . . . . . 7FF . . . . . . . . . . 3-1772 . . . . . . . . . . . 7GG. . . . . . . . . . 3-1873 . . . . . . . . . . . 7HH . . . . . . . . . . 3-1974 . . . . . . . . . . . 7II . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2075 . . . . . . . . . . . 7JJ . . . . . . . . . . 3-2176 . . . . . . . . . . . 7Z . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1177 . . . . . . . . . . . 7X . . . . . . . . . . . 3-977(d) . . . . . . . . . 7Y . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1078 . . . . . . . . . . . 7AA . . . . . . . . . . 3-1279 . . . . . . . . . . . 7BB . . . . . . . . . . 3-1380 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-181 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-282 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None83 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-384 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-484A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-585 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-686 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None87 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-788 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-889 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1091 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1192 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1293 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1394 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1495 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1596 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1697 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1798 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None99 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-18100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-19101 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-20102 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-21103 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-22104 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-23105 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-24106 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-25107 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None108 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-1109 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-2109A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-3110 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-4111 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-5112 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-6113 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-7114 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-8115 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-9116 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-10117 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-11118 . . . . . . . . . . 7KK . . . . . . . . . . 4-1119 . . . . . . . . . . 7LL . . . . . . . . . . 4-2120 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None121 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-12122 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-13123 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-14124 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-15125 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-16126 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-17127 . . . . . . . . . . 7MM . . . . . . . . . 4-3

452


P.B. 1978-1997 CLJ P.B. 1998Sec. Sec.

128 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-18129 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-19130 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None131 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-20132 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None133 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-21134 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-22135 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-23136 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-24137 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-25138 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-26139 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-27140 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-28141 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-29142 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-30143 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-31144 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-32145 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-33146 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-34147 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-35148 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-36149 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-37150 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-38151 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None152 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-39153 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-40154 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-41155 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-42156 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-43157 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-44158 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-45159 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None160 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-46161 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-47162 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-48163 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-49164 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-50165 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-51166 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-52167 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-53168 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-54169 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-55170 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None171 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-56172 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-57173 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-58174 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None175 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-59176 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-60177 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-61178 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-62179 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-63180 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-64181 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-65182 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-66183 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-67184 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None185 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-68186 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-69187 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-70

REFERENCE TABLE

P.B. 1978-1997 CLJ P.B. 1998Sec. Sec.

189 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-71190 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-72191 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-73192 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-74193 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-75194 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-76195 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-77195A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-78195B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-79196 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-1197 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-2198 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-3199 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-4200 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-5201 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-6202 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-7202A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-8203 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-9204 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-10204A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-11204B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-12205 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None206 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-13207 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-14208 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-15209 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-16210 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-17211 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-18211A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-19211B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-20212 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-1213 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-2215 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-3216 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-1217 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None218 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-2219 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-3220 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-4221 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-5222 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None223 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-6224 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-7225 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-8226 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None227 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-9228 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-10229 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-11230 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-12230A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-13231 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-14232 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-15233 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-16234 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-17235 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-18236 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-19236A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-20236B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-21237 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None238 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-22239 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-23

453


P.B. 1978-1997 CLJ P.B. 1998Sec. Sec.

240 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-24241 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-25242 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None243 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-26244 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-27245 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-28246 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-29247 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-30248 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-31249 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-32250 . . . . . . . . . . 7CCC . . . . . . . . . 7-1250A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-1250B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-2251 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-3252 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None253 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None254 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-4255 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-5256 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-6257 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-7258 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-8259 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-9260 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-10262 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None263 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-11264 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-12265 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-13267 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None268 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-14269 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None270 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-15271 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-16272 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None273 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-17274 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-18274A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-19276 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-20277 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-21278 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-22279 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-23280 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-24281 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-25282 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None283 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-1284 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-2284A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-3285A . . . . . . . . . 7NN . . . . . . . . . . 5-1286 . . . . . . . . . . 7PP . . . . . . . . . . 5-3287 . . . . . . . . . . 7QQ. . . . . . . . . . 5-4288 . . . . . . . . . . 7RR . . . . . . . . . . 5-5289 . . . . . . . . . . 7SS . . . . . . . . . . 5-6290 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-4291 . . . . . . . . . . 7TT . . . . . . . . . . 5-7292 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None293 . . . . . . . . . . 7UU . . . . . . . . . . 5-8294 . . . . . . . . . . 7VV . . . . . . . . . . 5-9295 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-5296 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-6297 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-7299 . . . . . . . . . . 7D. . . . . . . . . . . 1-12

REFERENCE TABLE

P.B. 1978-1997 CLJ P.B. 1998Sec. Sec.

300 . . . . . . . . . . 7F . . . . . . . . . . . 1-13301 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None302 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-8303 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-4(c)303A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-1None . . . . . . . . . 303B . . . . . . . . . 16-2None . . . . . . . . . 303C . . . . . . . . . 16-3304 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-4None . . . . . . . . . 304A . . . . . . . . . 16-5305 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-6305A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-7None . . . . . . . . . 305B . . . . . . . . . 16-8306 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-9307 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-10308 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-11None . . . . . . . . . 308A . . . . . . . . . 16-12309 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-13309A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-14309B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-15None . . . . . . . . . 309C . . . . . . . . . 16-16311 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-17312 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-18313 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-19314 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None315 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-20316 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-21317 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-22318 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-23318A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-24None . . . . . . . . . 318B . . . . . . . . . 16-25None . . . . . . . . . 318C . . . . . . . . . 16-26None . . . . . . . . . 318D . . . . . . . . . 16-27None . . . . . . . . . 318E . . . . . . . . . 16-28None . . . . . . . . . 318F . . . . . . . . . 16-29None . . . . . . . . . 318G . . . . . . . . . 16-30None . . . . . . . . . 318H . . . . . . . . . 16-31None . . . . . . . . . 318I . . . . . . . . . . 16-32None . . . . . . . . . 318J. . . . . . . . . . 16-33None . . . . . . . . . 318K . . . . . . . . . 16-34319 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None320 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-35320A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-36321 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-37322 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-38323 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-1324 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-2325 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-3326 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-4327 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-5328 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-6329 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None330 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None331 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None332 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-7333 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-8334 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-9334A . . . . . . . . . 7XX . . . . . . . . . . 6-1335 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None336 . . . . . . . . . . 7YY . . . . . . . . . . 6-2337 . . . . . . . . . . 7ZZ . . . . . . . . . . 6-3

454


P.B. 1978-1997 CLJ P.B. 1998Sec. Sec.

338 . . . . . . . . . . 7AAA . . . . . . . . . 6-4339 . . . . . . . . . . 7BBB . . . . . . . . . 6-5340 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-10341 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None342 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-11343 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-12344 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-13345 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None346 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-14347 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-15348 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-16349 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-17350 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-18351 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-19352 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-20353 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-21354 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-22355 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None356 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-23357 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-24358 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-25359 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-26360 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-27360A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None361 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-28362 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-29362A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-30363 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-31363A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-32364 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-33365 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None367 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-34368 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-35369 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-36370 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None371 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-37372 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-38373 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-39374 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-40375 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-41376 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-42377 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-43378 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None379 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-44380 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-45381 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-46382 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-47383 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-48384 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-49385 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-50386 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-51387 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-52387A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-53388 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None389 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-54390 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-55391 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-56392 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-57393 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-58394 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-59

REFERENCE TABLE

P.B. 1978-1997 CLJ P.B. 1998Sec. Sec.

395 . . . . . . . . . . 7DDD . . . . . . . . . 7-2395A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-19396 . . . . . . . . . . 7EEE . . . . . . . . . 7-3397 . . . . . . . . . . 7FFF . . . . . . . . . 7-4397A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-20397B . . . . . . . . . 7TTT . . . . . . . . . 7-18398 . . . . . . . . . . 7GGG. . . . . . . . . 7-5399 . . . . . . . . . . 7HHH . . . . . . . . . 7-6400 . . . . . . . . . . 7III. . . . . . . . . . . 7-7401 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-21402 . . . . . . . . . . 7JJJ. . . . . . . . . . 7-8403 . . . . . . . . . . 7KKK . . . . . . . . . 7-9403A Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None403B . . . . . . . . . 7LLL . . . . . . . . . 7-10403C . . . . . . . . . 7MMM . . . . . . . . 7-11403D . . . . . . . . . 7NNN . . . . . . . . . 7-12403E . . . . . . . . . 7OOO. . . . . . . . . 7-13403F . . . . . . . . . 7PPP . . . . . . . . . 7-14403G . . . . . . . . . 7QQQ. . . . . . . . . 7-15403H . . . . . . . . . 7RRR . . . . . . . . . 7-16405 . . . . . . . . . . 7SSS . . . . . . . . . 7-17406 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None407 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-1408 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None409 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-2410 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-3411 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-4412 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-5413 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-6414 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-7415 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-8416 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-9417 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-10418 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-11419 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-12420 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-13421 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-14422 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-15423 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-16424 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-17425 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-18427 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-19428 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19-1429 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19-2430 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19-3430A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19-4431 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19-5432 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19-6433 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19-7434 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19-8435 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19-9436 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19-10437 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19-11438 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19-12439 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19-13440 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19-14441 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19-15442 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19-16443 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19-17444 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19-18

455


P.B. 1978-1997 CLJ P.B. 1998Sec. Sec.

445 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19-19446 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20-1447 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20-2448 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20-3449 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20-4450 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20-5451 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20-6452 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None453 . . . . . . . . . . 1201 . . . . . . . . . 25-2454 . . . . . . . . . . 1207 . . . . . . . . . 25-7455 . . . . . . . . . . 1208 . . . . . . . . . 25-8456 . . . . . . . . . . 1209 . . . . . . . . . 25-9457 . . . . . . . . . . 1210 . . . . . . . . . 25-10458 . . . . . . . . . . 1255 . . . . . . . . . 25-53459 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None460 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None461 . . . . . . . . . . 1229 . . . . . . . . . 25-28462 . . . . . . . . . . 1230 . . . . . . . . . 25-29463 . . . . . . . . . . 1231 . . . . . . . . . 25-30464 . . . . . . . . . . 1227 . . . . . . . . . 25-26464A . . . . . . . . . 1236 . . . . . . . . . 25-35465 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None466 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None467 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None468 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None469 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None470 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None471 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None472 . . . . . . . . . . 1237 . . . . . . . . . 25-36473 . . . . . . . . . . 1238 . . . . . . . . . 25-37474 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None475 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None476 . . . . . . . . . . 1259 . . . . . . . . . 25-57477 . . . . . . . . . . 1260 . . . . . . . . . 25-58478 . . . . . . . . . . 1261 . . . . . . . . . 25-59479 . . . . . . . . . . 1262 . . . . . . . . . 25-60479A . . . . . . . . . 1267 . . . . . . . . . 25-65479B . . . . . . . . . 1268 . . . . . . . . . 25-66481 . . . . . . . . . . 1269 . . . . . . . . . 25-67481A . . . . . . . . . 1271 . . . . . . . . . 25-69484 . . . . . . . . . . 1264 . . . . . . . . . 25-62484A . . . . . . . . . 1265 . . . . . . . . . 25-63484B . . . . . . . . . 1266 . . . . . . . . . 25-64484C . . . . . . . . . 1270 . . . . . . . . . 25-68485 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21-1486 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21-2487 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21-3488 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21-4489 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21-5490 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21-6491 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None492 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21-7493 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21-8494 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21-9495 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21-10496 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21-11497 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21-12498 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21-13499 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21-14500 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21-15

REFERENCE TABLE

P.B. 1978-1997 CLJ P.B. 1998Sec. Sec.

501 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21-16502 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21-17503 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21-18504 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None505 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21-19506 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21-20507 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21-21508 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21-22509 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21-23510 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21-24511A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22-1511B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22-2514 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22-3515 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None515A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22-4516 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22-5516A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22-6518 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22-7518A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22-8519 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22-9525 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-1525A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-2525B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-3525C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-4525D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-5525E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-6525F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-7525G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-8525H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-9525I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-10525J . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-11525K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-12526 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-16526A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-17None . . . . . . . . . 526L . . . . . . . . . 23-13None . . . . . . . . . 526M . . . . . . . . . 23-14None . . . . . . . . . 526N . . . . . . . . . 23-15527 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-18528 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-19528A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-20529 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-21529A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-22529B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-23529C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-24529D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-25529E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-26529F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-27529G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-28529H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-29529I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-30529J . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-31529K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-32529L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-33529M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-34529N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-35529O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-36529P . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-37529Q . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-38529R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-39529S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-40

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P.B. 1978-1997 CLJ P.B. 1998Sec. Sec.

529T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-41529U . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-42530 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None531 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None532 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None533 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None534 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None535 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None536 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None537 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None538 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-43539 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-44540 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None541 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-45542 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-46543 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-47544 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-48545 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-49546 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-50546A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-51546B Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None546C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-52546D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-53546E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-54546F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-55546G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-56546H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-57546J . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-58546K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-59546L Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None546M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-60546N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-61546O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-62546P . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-63546Q . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-64546R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-65546S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-66546T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-67547 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24-1548 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24-2549 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24-3550 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24-4551 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24-5552 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24-6553 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24-7555 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None556 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24-8557 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24-9559 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24-10561 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24-11562 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24-12563 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24-13564 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24-14565 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24-15566 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None567 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24-16568 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24-17569 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24-18570 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24-19571 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24-20

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P.B. 1978-1997 CLJ P.B. 1998Sec. Sec.

572 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24-21573 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None574 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24-22575 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24-23576 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None577 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24-24578 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24-25579 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24-26580 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24-27581 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24-28582 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24-29583 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24-30584 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24-31585 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24-32589 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None590 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24-33592 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None593 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36-1593A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36-2594 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36-3595 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36-4596 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36-5597 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36-6598 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None599 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36-7600 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None601 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36-8602 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36-9603 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36-10604 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None615 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None616 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36-11617 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36-12618 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36-13619 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36-14620 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36-15621 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None622 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36-16623 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36-17624 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36-18625 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36-19626 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36-20627 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36-21628 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36-22629 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None630 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None631 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None632 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None633 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None634 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None635 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37-1635A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37-2636 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None637 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37-3638 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37-4639 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None640 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37-5641 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37-6642 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None643 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37-7

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P.B. 1978-1997 CLJ P.B. 1998Sec. Sec.

644 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37-8645 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37-9646 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None647 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37-10648 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37-11649 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None650 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37-12652 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None653 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None654 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38-1655 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None656 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38-2657 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38-3658 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38-4659 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38-5660 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None661 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38-6662 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None663 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38-7664 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38-8665 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38-9666 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38-10668 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38-11669 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38-12670 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None671 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None672 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None673 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38-13674 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38-14675 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38-15675A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38-16676 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38-17677 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38-18680 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None681 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None682 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38-19683 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38-20684 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38-21None . . . . . . . . . 684A . . . . . . . . . 38-22685 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38-23686 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None687 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39-1688 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39-2689 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39-3690 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39-4691 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None692 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39-5693 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39-6694 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39-7695 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None696 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39-8697 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39-9698 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39-10699 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None700 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39-11701 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39-12702 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39-13703 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None704 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39-14705 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39-15

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P.B. 1978-1997 CLJ P.B. 1998Sec. Sec.

706 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39-16707 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39-17708 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None709 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39-18710 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None711 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39-19712 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39-20713 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39-21714 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None715 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39-22716 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39-23717 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39-24718 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39-25719 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None720 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39-26721 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39-27722 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39-28723 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None724 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None725 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39-29726 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39-30727 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39-31728 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39-32730 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39-33731 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None732 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-1733 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-2734 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-3735 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-4735A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-5736 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None737 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-6737A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-7737B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-8738 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-9739 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-10740 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None741 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-11742 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-12743 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-13744 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None745 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None746 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-14747 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None748 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None749 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-15750 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None751 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None752 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None753 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None754 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-16755 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None756 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None757 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None758 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-17759 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-18760 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-19760A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-20761 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None762 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None

458


P.B. 1978-1997 CLJ P.B. 1998Sec. Sec.

763 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-21764 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-22765 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-23766 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None767 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-24768 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-25769 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-26769A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-27770 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-28771 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-29772 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-30773 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-31774 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None775 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None776 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-32777 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-33778 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-34779 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-35780 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-36781 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-37782 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-38783 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-39784 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None785 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-40786 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-41787 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-42788 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-43789 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None790 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None791 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-44792 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-45793 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-46794 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-47795 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-48796 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-49797 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-50798 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-51799 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-52800 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-53801 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-54802 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-55803 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-56804 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-57805 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-58806 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None807 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41-1808 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41-2809 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41-3810 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41-4811 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41-5812 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41-6813 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41-7814 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None815 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41-8816 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41-9817 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41-10818 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41-11820 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None821 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41-12822 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41-13

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P.B. 1978-1997 CLJ P.B. 1998Sec. Sec.

823 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41-14824 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41-15825 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41-16826 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41-17827 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None828 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41-18829 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41-19830 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None831 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41-20832 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41-21833 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41-22834 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None835 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41-23836 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41-24837 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41-25838 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None839 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-1840 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-2841 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-3842 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-4843 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-5844 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-6845 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-7845A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-8845B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-9846 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None846A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-10847 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-11848 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-12849 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-13850 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-14850A . . . . . . . . . 7RR . . . . . . . . . . 5-5850B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-15851 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None852 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-16853 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-17854 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-18854A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-19855 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-20856 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-21857 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-22858 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-23859 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None860 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-24861 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-25862 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None863 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-26864 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-27865 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-28866 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None867 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-29868 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-30869 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-31870 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-32871 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-33872 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-34873 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None874 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-35875 . . . . . . . . . . 7QQ. . . . . . . . . . 5-4876 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-36

459


P.B. 1978-1997 CLJ P.B. 1998Sec. Sec.

877 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None878 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None879 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-37880 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-38881 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-39882 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None883 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-40884 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-41885 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-42886 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None887 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-43888 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-44889 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-45890 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None891 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None892 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-46893 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-47894 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-48895 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-49896 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None897 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None898 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-50899 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-51900 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-52901 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None902 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-53903 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-54904 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-55905 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-56906 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None907 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43-1908 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43-2909 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None910 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43-3911 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43-4912 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43-5913 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43-6914 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None915 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43-7916 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43-8917 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43-9918 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None919 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43-10920 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None921 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43-11922 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43-12923 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None924 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43-13925 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43-14926 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43-15927 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43-16928 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None929 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43-17930 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None931 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43-18932 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43-19932A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43-20933 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None934 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43-21935 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43-22

REFERENCE TABLE

P.B. 1978-1997 CLJ P.B. 1998Sec. Sec.

936 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None937 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43-23938 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43-24939 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43-25940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43-26941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43-27942 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43-28943 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43-29944 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None945 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43-30946 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None947 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43-31948 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43-32949 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None950 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43-33951 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None952 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43-34953 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43-35954 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43-36955 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43-37956 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43-38956A Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None956B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43-39956C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43-40956D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43-41956E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43-42956F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43-43957 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None958 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None959 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44-1960 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44-2961 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44-3962 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None963 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44-4964 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44-5965 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44-6966 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None967 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44-7968 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44-8969 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44-9970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44-10971 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None972 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44-11973 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44-12974 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44-13976 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44-14977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44-15978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44-16979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44-17980 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44-18982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None983 . . . . . . . . . . 7WW . . . . . . . . . 5-10984 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None985 . . . . . . . . . . 7F . . . . . . . . . . . 1-14986 . . . . . . . . . . 7G. . . . . . . . . . . 1-15987 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None988 . . . . . . . . . . 7H. . . . . . . . . . . 1-16989 . . . . . . . . . . 7I . . . . . . . . . . . 1-17

460


P.B. 1978-1997 CLJ P.B. 1998Sec. Sec.

990 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None991 . . . . . . . . . . 7J . . . . . . . . . . . 1-18992 . . . . . . . . . . 7K . . . . . . . . . . . 1-19993 . . . . . . . . . . 7L . . . . . . . . . . . 1-20994 . . . . . . . . . . 7M. . . . . . . . . . . 1-21995 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None996 . . . . . . . . . . 7N. . . . . . . . . . . 1-22997 . . . . . . . . . . 7O. . . . . . . . . . . 1-23997A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44-19998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44-20999 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None1000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44-211002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44-221003 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None1004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44-231005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44-241006 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None1007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44-251008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44-261008A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44-271009 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None1010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44-281011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44-291011A Title. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None1011D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44-301011E . . . . . . . . 7TTT . . . . . . . . . 7-181012A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44-311013 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None1014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44-321015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44-331016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44-341017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44-351018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None1019 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None1020 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None1020A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44-361021 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44-371023.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26-11024.1(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27-11024.1(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27-21025.1(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27-31025.1(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27-41025.1(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27-51025.1(4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27-51025.1(5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27-71025.1(6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27-71025.1(7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27-81025.1(8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27-61025.1(9) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27-61026.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28-11027.1(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29-11027.1(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29-11027.1(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29-21027.1(4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29-21030.1(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30-11030.1(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30-21030.1(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30-31030.1(4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30-41031.1(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30-51031.1(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30-6

REFERENCE TABLE

P.B. 1978-1997 CLJ P.B. 1998Sec. Sec.

1031.1(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30-71031.1(4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30-81032.1(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30-91032.1(2), (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30-101032.1(4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30-111033.1(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31-11033.1(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31-11033.1(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31-11033.1(4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31-21033.1(5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31-31033.1(6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31-41034.1(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31-51034.1(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31-61034.1(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31-61034.1(4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31-71030.1(5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31-81030.1(6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31-91035.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31-101036.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31-111037.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31-121038.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31-131040.1(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32-11040.1(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32-11040.1(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32-21040.1(4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32-21040.1(5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32-31040.1(6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32-41040.1(7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32-51041.1(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32-61041.1(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32-71041.1(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32-81041.1(4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32-91042.1(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33-11042.1(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33-11042.1(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33-21042.1(4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33-31042.1(5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33-41042.1(6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33-31043.1(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33-51043.1(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33-51043.1(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33-61043.1(4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33-71044.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33-81045.1(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33-91045.1(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33-101045.1(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33-111046.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33-121047.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33-131048.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34-11049.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34-21050.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34-31051.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34-41055.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35-11056.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None1057.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35-21058.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35-31059.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35-41060.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35-51061.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None1062.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None

461


P.B. 1978-1997 CLJ P.B. 1998Sec. Sec.

None . . . . . . . . . 1200 . . . . . . . . . 25-1[453] . . . . . . . . . 1201 . . . . . . . . . 25-2None . . . . . . . . . 1202 . . . . . . . . . 25-3None . . . . . . . . . 1203 . . . . . . . . . 25-4None . . . . . . . . . 1204 . . . . . . . . . 25-5None . . . . . . . . . 1205 . . . . . . . . . 25-6[454] . . . . . . . . . 1207 . . . . . . . . . 25-7[455] . . . . . . . . . 1208 . . . . . . . . . 25-8[456] . . . . . . . . . 1209 . . . . . . . . . 25-9[457] . . . . . . . . . 1210 . . . . . . . . . 25-10None . . . . . . . . . 1211 . . . . . . . . . 25-11None . . . . . . . . . 1212 . . . . . . . . . 25-12None . . . . . . . . . 1213 . . . . . . . . . 25-13None . . . . . . . . . 1214 . . . . . . . . . 25-14None . . . . . . . . . 1215 . . . . . . . . . 25-15None . . . . . . . . . 1217 . . . . . . . . . 25-16None . . . . . . . . . 1218 . . . . . . . . . 25-17None . . . . . . . . . 1219 . . . . . . . . . 25-18None . . . . . . . . . 1220 . . . . . . . . . 25-19None . . . . . . . . . 1221 . . . . . . . . . 25-20None . . . . . . . . . 1222 . . . . . . . . . 25-21None . . . . . . . . . 1223 . . . . . . . . . 25-22None . . . . . . . . . 1224 . . . . . . . . . 25-23None . . . . . . . . . 1225 . . . . . . . . . 25-24None . . . . . . . . . 1226 . . . . . . . . . 25-25[464] . . . . . . . . . 1227 . . . . . . . . . 25-26None . . . . . . . . . 1228 . . . . . . . . . 25-27[461] . . . . . . . . . 1229 . . . . . . . . . 25-28[462] . . . . . . . . . 1230 . . . . . . . . . 25-29[463] . . . . . . . . . 1231 . . . . . . . . . 25-30None . . . . . . . . . 1232 . . . . . . . . . 25-31None . . . . . . . . . 1233 . . . . . . . . . 25-32None . . . . . . . . . 1234 . . . . . . . . . 25-33None . . . . . . . . . 1235 . . . . . . . . . 25-34[464A] . . . . . . . . 1236 . . . . . . . . . 25-35[472] . . . . . . . . . 1237 . . . . . . . . . 25-36[473] . . . . . . . . . 1238 . . . . . . . . . 25-37None . . . . . . . . . 1239 . . . . . . . . . 25-38None . . . . . . . . . 1240 . . . . . . . . . 25-39None . . . . . . . . . 1242 . . . . . . . . . 25-40None . . . . . . . . . 1243 . . . . . . . . . 25-41None . . . . . . . . . 1244 . . . . . . . . . 25-42None . . . . . . . . . 1245 . . . . . . . . . 25-43None . . . . . . . . . 1246 . . . . . . . . . 25-44None . . . . . . . . . 1247 . . . . . . . . . 25-45None . . . . . . . . . 1248 . . . . . . . . . 25-46None . . . . . . . . . 1249 . . . . . . . . . 25-47None . . . . . . . . . 1250 . . . . . . . . . 25-48None . . . . . . . . . 1251 . . . . . . . . . 25-49None . . . . . . . . . 1252 . . . . . . . . . 25-50None . . . . . . . . . 1253 . . . . . . . . . 25-51None . . . . . . . . . 1254 . . . . . . . . . 25-52[458] . . . . . . . . . 1255 . . . . . . . . . 25-53None . . . . . . . . . 1256 . . . . . . . . . 25-54None . . . . . . . . . 1257 . . . . . . . . . 25-55None . . . . . . . . . 1258 . . . . . . . . . 25-56[476] . . . . . . . . . 1259 . . . . . . . . . 25-57[477] . . . . . . . . . 1260 . . . . . . . . . 25-58[478] . . . . . . . . . 1261 . . . . . . . . . 25-59[479] . . . . . . . . . 1262 . . . . . . . . . 25-60

REFERENCE TABLE

P.B. 1978-1997 CLJ P.B. 1998Sec. Sec.

None . . . . . . . . . 1263 . . . . . . . . . 25-61[484] . . . . . . . . . 1264 . . . . . . . . . 25-62[484A] . . . . . . . . 1265 . . . . . . . . . 25-63[484B] . . . . . . . . 1266 . . . . . . . . . 25-64[479A] . . . . . . . . 1267 . . . . . . . . . 25-65[479B] . . . . . . . . 1268 . . . . . . . . . 25-66[481] . . . . . . . . . 1269 . . . . . . . . . 25-67[484C] . . . . . . . . 1270 . . . . . . . . . 25-68[481A] . . . . . . . . 1271 . . . . . . . . . 25-694000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61-14001A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60-44002A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61-24002B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61-34002C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61-44002D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61-54003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61-64004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61-74005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61-84006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61-94007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61-104009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63-14010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63-24011 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None4012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63-34013 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63-44014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62-74015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63-54016 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None4017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63-64018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63-74019 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63-84022 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None4023 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65-14024 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65-24025 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65-34026 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None4027 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65-44028 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62-14029 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62-24030 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62-64031 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62-34032 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62-44033 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62-54034 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62-84035 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62-94036 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62-104037 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62-114038 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63-94040 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66-14041 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66-24042 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66-34043 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66-44045 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None4046 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61-114047 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61-124048 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61-134049 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61-144050 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71-74051 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66-54052 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None

462


P.B. 1978-1997 CLJ P.B. 1998Sec. Sec.

4053 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66-64054 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66-74055 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None4056 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66-84058 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None4059 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64-14060 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64-24061 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60-54064 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67-14064A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67-24064B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67-34064C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67-44064D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67-54064E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67-64064F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67-74064G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67-84064H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67-94064J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67-104065 through 4078 . . . . . . . . . . . . . None4083 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None4084 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68-14085 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68-24086 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68-34087 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68-44090 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68-54091 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68-64092 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68-74093 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68-84094 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68-94095 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68-104096 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68-114100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69-14101 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69-24102 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70-24103 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63-104104 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69-34106 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70-14107 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70-34108 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70-44109 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70-54111 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70-64112 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70-74115 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70-84116A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70-94116B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70-104117 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71-14118 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71-24119 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71-34120 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71-44121 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71-54123 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71-64126 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84-14127 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84-24128 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84-34129 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84-44130 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84-54131 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84-64132 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84-74135 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65-24136 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84-8

REFERENCE TABLE

P.B. 1978-1997 CLJ P.B. 1998Sec. Sec.

4138 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84-94139 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84-14140 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84-114141 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84-124142 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81-14142.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81-24142.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81-34142.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81-44142.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81-54143 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72-14143A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72-24144 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72-34145 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72-44147 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73-14150 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-14151 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-24152 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-34153 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-44154 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-54155 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-64156 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-74157 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-84159 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75-14160 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75-24161 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75-34162 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75-44163 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75-54164 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75-64165 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76-14165.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76-24165.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76-3

463


P.B. 1978-1997 CLJ P.B. 1998Sec. Sec.

4165.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76-44165.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76-54165.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76-64166 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77-74166A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78-14166B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79-14166B.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79-24166B.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79-34166B.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79-44166C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80-14168 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82-14169 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82-24170 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82-34171 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82-44172 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82-54173 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82-64174 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82-74177 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83-14178 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83-24179 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83-34180 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83-44182 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60-14183 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60-24184A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85-14184B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85-24184C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85-34185 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60-54186 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60-64187 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60-34188 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86-14189 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86-2

REFERENCE TABLE

REFERENCE TABLE

Rules in the Practice Book of 1998 from Rules in the Practice Book of 1978 as amended.* The numbers in thecenter column are the temporary rule numbers assigned in the Connecticut Law Journal (CLJ) of July 29, 1997.

P.B.1998 CLJ P.B. 1978-1997Sec. Sec. Sec.

1-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-2. . . . . . . . .1A . . . . . . . . .None1-3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21-4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31-5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41-6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51-7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5A1-8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61-9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7B1-11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7C1-12 . . . . . . . .7D . . . . . . . . .2991-13 . . . . . . . .7F . . . . . . . . .3001-14 . . . . . . . .7F . . . . . . . . .9851-15 . . . . . . . .7G . . . . . . . . .9861-16 . . . . . . . .7H . . . . . . . . .9881-17 . . . . . . . .7I . . . . . . . . .9891-18 . . . . . . . .7J . . . . . . . . .9911-19 . . . . . . . .7K . . . . . . . . .9921-20 . . . . . . . .7L . . . . . . . . .9931-21 . . . . . . . .7M. . . . . . . . .9941-22 . . . . . . . .7N . . . . . . . . .9961-23 . . . . . . . .7O . . . . . . . . .9972-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82-2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92-3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112-4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122-5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132-6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142-7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15A2-8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .162-9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .182-11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18A2-12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .192-13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .212-14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .222-15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232-16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .242-17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24B2-18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24C2-19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24D2-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24E2-21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24F2-22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .252-23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .262-24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26A2-25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26B2-26 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .272-27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27A2-28 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27A.12-29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27B2-30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27D2-31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27E2-32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27F

* Rules repealed prior to 1995 are not represented in this table.

464



2-33 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27G2-34 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27H2-35 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27J2-36 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27M2-37 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27M.12-38 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27N2-39 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28A2-40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28B2-41 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28B.12-42 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28C2-43 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28D2-44 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .292-45 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .302-46 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30A2-47 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .312-48 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31A2-49 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31B2-50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .322-51 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .342-52 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .352-53 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .362-54 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36A2-55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .372-56 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .392-57 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .402-58 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .412-59 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .422-60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .442-61 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .452-62 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .462-63 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46A2-64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46B2-65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46C2-66 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .472-67 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .483-1. . . . . . . . .7P . . . . . . . . .64(a)3-2. . . . . . . . .7Q . . . . . . . . .64(b)3-3. . . . . . . . .7R . . . . . . . . .64(b)3-4. . . . . . . . .7S . . . . . . . . .64(c)3-5. . . . . . . . .7T . . . . . . . . .None3-6. . . . . . . . .7U . . . . . . . . .None3-7. . . . . . . . .7V . . . . . . . . .None3-8. . . . . . . . .7W. . . . . . . . .653-9. . . . . . . . .7X . . . . . . . . .773-10 . . . . . . . .7Y . . . . . . . . .77(d)3-11 . . . . . . . .7Z . . . . . . . . .763-12 . . . . . . . .7AA . . . . . . . .783-13 . . . . . . . .7BB . . . . . . . .793-14 . . . . . . . .7CC . . . . . . . .683-15 . . . . . . . .7DD . . . . . . . .693-16 . . . . . . . .7EE . . . . . . . .703-17 . . . . . . . .7FF . . . . . . . .713-18 . . . . . . . .7GG . . . . . . . .723-19 . . . . . . . .7HH . . . . . . . .733-20 . . . . . . . .7II . . . . . . . . .74

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3-21 . . . . . . . .7JJ . . . . . . . .754-1. . . . . . . . .7KK . . . . . . . .1184-2. . . . . . . . .7LL . . . . . . . .1194-3. . . . . . . . .7MM. . . . . . . .1275-1. . . . . . . . .7NN . . . . . . . .285A5-2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .None5-3. . . . . . . . .7PP . . . . . . . .2865-4. . . . . . . . .7QQ . . . . . . . .2875-4. . . . . . . . .7QQ . . . . . . . .8755-5. . . . . . . . .7RR . . . . . . . .2885-5. . . . . . . . .7RR . . . . . . . .850A5-6. . . . . . . . .7SS . . . . . . . .2895-7. . . . . . . . .7TT . . . . . . . .2915-8. . . . . . . . .7UU . . . . . . . .2935-9. . . . . . . . .7VV . . . . . . . .2945-10 . . . . . . . .7WW . . . . . . .9836-1. . . . . . . . .7XX . . . . . . . .334A6-2. . . . . . . . .7YY . . . . . . . .3366-3. . . . . . . . .7ZZ . . . . . . . .3376-4. . . . . . . . .7AAA . . . . . . .3386-5. . . . . . . . .7BBB . . . . . . .3397-1. . . . . . . . .7CCC . . . . . . .2507-2. . . . . . . . .7DDD . . . . . . .3957-3. . . . . . . . .7EEE . . . . . . .3967-4. . . . . . . . .7FFF . . . . . . .3977-5. . . . . . . . .7GGG . . . . . . .3987-6. . . . . . . . .7HHH . . . . . . .3997-7. . . . . . . . .7III . . . . . . . . .4007-8. . . . . . . . .7JJJ . . . . . . . .4027-9. . . . . . . . .7KKK . . . . . . .4037-10 . . . . . . . .7LLL. . . . . . . .403B7-11 . . . . . . . .7MMM. . . . . . .403C7-12 . . . . . . . .7NNN . . . . . . .403D7-13 . . . . . . . .7OOO . . . . . . .403E7-14 . . . . . . . .7PPP . . . . . . .403F7-15 . . . . . . . .7QQQ . . . . . . .403G7-16 . . . . . . . .7RRR . . . . . . .403H7-17 . . . . . . . .7SSS . . . . . . .4057-18 . . . . . . . .7TTT . . . . . . .397B7-18 . . . . . . . .7TTT . . . . . . .1011E7-19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .395A7-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .397A7-21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4018-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .498-2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .508-3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .518-4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .528-5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .538-6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .548-7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .558-8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .568-9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .578-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .588-11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .598-12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .609-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .809-2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .819-3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .839-4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .849-5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84A

465



9-6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .859-7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .879-8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .889-9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .899-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .909-11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .919-12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .929-13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .939-14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .949-15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .959-16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .969-17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .979-18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .999-19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1009-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1019-21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1029-22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1039-23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1049-24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1059-25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10610-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10810-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10910-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109A10-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11010-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11110-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11210-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11310-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11410-9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11510-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11610-11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11710-12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12110-13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12210-14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12310-15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12410-16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12510-17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12610-18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12810-19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12910-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13110-21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13310-22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13410-23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13510-24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13610-25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13710-26 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13810-27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13910-28 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14010-29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14110-30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14210-31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14310-32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14410-33 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14510-34 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14610-35 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14710-36 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14810-37 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14910-38 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15010-39 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15210-40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153

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10-41 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15410-42 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15510-43 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15610-44 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15710-45 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15810-46 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16010-47 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16110-48 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16210-49 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16310-50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16410-51 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16510-52 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16610-53 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16710-54 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16810-55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16910-56 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17110-57 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17210-58 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17310-59 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17510-60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17610-61 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17710-62 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17810-63 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17910-64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18010-65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18110-66 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18210-67 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18310-68 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18510-69 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18610-70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18710-71 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18910-72 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19010-73 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19110-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19210-75 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19310-76 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19410-77 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19510-78 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .195A10-79 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .195B11-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19611-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19711-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19811-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19911-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20011-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20111-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20211-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .202A11-9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20311-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20411-11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .204A11-12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .204B11-13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20611-14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20711-15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20811-16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20911-17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21011-18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21111-19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .211A11-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .211B12-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .212

466



12-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21312-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21513-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21613-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21813-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21913-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22013-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22113-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22313-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22413-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22513-9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22713-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22813-11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22913-12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23013-13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .230A13-14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23113-15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23213-16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23313-17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23413-18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23513-19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23613-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .236A13-21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .236B13-22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23813-23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23913-24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24013-25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24113-26 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24313-27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24413-28 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24513-29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24613-30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24713-31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24813-32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24914-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .250A14-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .250B14-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25114-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25414-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25514-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25614-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25714-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25814-9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25914-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26014-11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26314-12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26414-13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26514-14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26814-15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27014-16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27114-17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27314-18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27414-19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .274A14-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27614-21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27714-22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27814-23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27914-24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28014-25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28115-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .283

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15-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28415-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .284A15-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29015-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29515-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29615-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29715-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30216-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .303A16-2 . . . . . . . .303B . . . . . . .None16-3 . . . . . . . .303C . . . . . . .None16-4(a), (b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30416-4(c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30316-5 . . . . . . . .304A . . . . . . .None16-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30516-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .305A16-8 . . . . . . . .305B . . . . . . .None16-9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30616-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30716-11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30816-12 . . . . . . .308A . . . . . . .None16-13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30916-14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .309A16-15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .309B16-16 . . . . . . .309C . . . . . . .None16-17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31116-18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31216-19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31316-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31516-21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31616-22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31716-23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31816-24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .318A16-25 . . . . . . .318B . . . . . . .None16-26 . . . . . . .318C . . . . . . .None16-27 . . . . . . .318D . . . . . . .None16-28 . . . . . . .318E . . . . . . .None16-29 . . . . . . .318F. . . . . . . .None16-30 . . . . . . .318G . . . . . . .None16-31 . . . . . . .318H . . . . . . .None16-32 . . . . . . .318I . . . . . . . .None16-33 . . . . . . .318J. . . . . . . .None16-34 . . . . . . .318K . . . . . . .None16-35 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32016-36 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .320A16-37 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32116-38 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32217-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32317-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32417-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32517-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32617-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32717-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32817-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33217-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33317-9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33417-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34017-11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34217-12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34317-13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34417-14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .346

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17-15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34717-16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34817-17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34917-18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35017-19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35117-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35217-21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35317-22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35417-23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35617-24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35717-25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35817-26 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35917-27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36017-28 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36117-29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36217-30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .362A17-31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36317-32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .363A17-33 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36417-34 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36717-35 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36817-36 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36917-37 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37117-38 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37217-39 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37317-40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37417-41 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37517-42 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37617-43 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37717-44 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37917-45 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38017-46 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38117-47 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38217-48 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38317-49 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38417-50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38517-51 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38617-52 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38717-53 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .387A17-54 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38917-55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39017-56 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39117-57 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39217-58 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39317-59 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39418-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40718-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40918-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41018-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41118-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41218-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41318-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41418-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41518-9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41618-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41718-11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41818-12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41918-13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42018-14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42118-15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .422

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18-16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42318-17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42418-18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42518-19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42719-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42819-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42919-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43019-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .430A19-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43119-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43219-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43319-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43419-9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43519-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43619-11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43719-12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43819-13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43919-14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44019-15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44119-16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44219-17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44319-18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44419-19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44520-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44620-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44720-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44820-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44920-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45020-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45121-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48521-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48621-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48721-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48821-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48921-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49021-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49221-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49321-9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49421-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49521-11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49621-12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49721-13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49821-14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49921-15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50021-16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50121-17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50221-18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50321-19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50521-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50621-21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50721-22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50821-23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50921-24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51022-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .511A22-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .511B22-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51422-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .515A22-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51622-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .516A22-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .518

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22-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .518A22-9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51923-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52523-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .525A23-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .525B23-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .525C23-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .525D23-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .525E23-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .525F23-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .525G23-9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .525H23-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .525I23-11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .525J23-12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .525K23-13 . . . . . . .526L. . . . . . . .None23-14 . . . . . . .526M . . . . . . .None23-15 . . . . . . .526N . . . . . . .None23-16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52623-17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .526A23-18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52723-19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52823-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .528A23-21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52923-22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .529A23-23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .529B23-24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .529C23-25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .529D23-26 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .529E23-27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .529F23-28 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .529G23-29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .529H23-30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .529I23-31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .529J23-32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .529K23-33 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .529L23-34 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .529M23-35 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .529N23-36 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .529O23-37 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .529P23-38 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .529Q23-39 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .529R23-40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .529S23-41 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .529T23-42 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .529U23-43 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53823-44 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53923-45 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54123-46 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54223-47 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54323-48 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54423-49 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54523-50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54623-51 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .546A23-52 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .546C23-53 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .546D23-54 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .546E23-55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .546F23-56 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .546G23-57 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .546H23-58 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .546J

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23-59 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .546K23-60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .546M23-61 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .546N23-62 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .546O23-63 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .546P23-64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .546Q23-65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .546R23-66 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .546S23-67 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .546T24-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54724-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54824-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54924-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55024-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55124-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55224-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55324-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55624-9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55724-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55924-11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56124-12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56224-13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56324-14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56424-15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56524-16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56724-17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56824-18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56924-19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57024-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57124-21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57224-22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57424-23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57524-24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57724-25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57824-26 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57924-27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58024-28 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58124-29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58224-30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58324-31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58424-32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58524-33 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59025-1 . . . . . . . .1200. . . . . . . .None25-2 . . . . . . . .1201. . . . . . . .45325-3 . . . . . . . .1202. . . . . . . .None25-4 . . . . . . . .1203. . . . . . . .None25-5 . . . . . . . .1204. . . . . . . .None25-6 . . . . . . . .1205. . . . . . . .None25-7 . . . . . . . .1207. . . . . . . .45425-8 . . . . . . . .1208. . . . . . . .45525-9 . . . . . . . .1209. . . . . . . .45625-10 . . . . . . .1210. . . . . . . .45725-11 . . . . . . .1211. . . . . . . .None25-12 . . . . . . .1212. . . . . . . .None25-13 . . . . . . .1213. . . . . . . .None25-14 . . . . . . .1214. . . . . . . .None25-15 . . . . . . .1215. . . . . . . .None25-16 . . . . . . .1217. . . . . . . .None25-17 . . . . . . .1218. . . . . . . .None25-18 . . . . . . .1219. . . . . . . .None

469



25-19 . . . . . . .1220. . . . . . . .None25-20 . . . . . . .1221. . . . . . . .None25-21 . . . . . . .1222. . . . . . . .None25-22 . . . . . . .1223. . . . . . . .None25-23 . . . . . . .1224. . . . . . . .None25-24 . . . . . . .1225. . . . . . . .None25-25 . . . . . . .1226. . . . . . . .None25-26 . . . . . . .1227. . . . . . . .46425-27 . . . . . . .1228. . . . . . . .None25-28 . . . . . . .1229. . . . . . . .46125-29 . . . . . . .1230. . . . . . . .46225-30 . . . . . . .1231. . . . . . . .46325-31 . . . . . . .1232. . . . . . . .None25-32 . . . . . . .1233. . . . . . . .None25-33 . . . . . . .1234. . . . . . . .None25-34 . . . . . . .1235. . . . . . . .None25-35 . . . . . . .1236. . . . . . . .464A25-36 . . . . . . .1237. . . . . . . .47225-37 . . . . . . .1238. . . . . . . .47325-38 . . . . . . .1239. . . . . . . .None25-39 . . . . . . .1240. . . . . . . .None25-40 . . . . . . .1242. . . . . . . .None25-41 . . . . . . .1243. . . . . . . .None25-42 . . . . . . .1244. . . . . . . .None25-43 . . . . . . .1245. . . . . . . .None25-44 . . . . . . .1246. . . . . . . .None25-45 . . . . . . .1247. . . . . . . .None25-46 . . . . . . .1248. . . . . . . .None25-47 . . . . . . .1249. . . . . . . .None25-48 . . . . . . .1250. . . . . . . .None25-49 . . . . . . .1251. . . . . . . .None25-50 . . . . . . .1252. . . . . . . .None25-51 . . . . . . .1253. . . . . . . .None25-52 . . . . . . .1254. . . . . . . .None25-53 . . . . . . .1255. . . . . . . .45825-54 . . . . . . .1256. . . . . . . .None25-55 . . . . . . .1257. . . . . . . .None25-56 . . . . . . .1258. . . . . . . .None25-57 . . . . . . .1259. . . . . . . .47625-58 . . . . . . .1260. . . . . . . .47725-59 . . . . . . .1261. . . . . . . .47825-60 . . . . . . .1262. . . . . . . .47925-61 . . . . . . .1263. . . . . . . .None25-62 . . . . . . .1264. . . . . . . .48425-63 . . . . . . .1265. . . . . . . .484A25-64 . . . . . . .1266. . . . . . . .484B25-65 . . . . . . .1267. . . . . . . .479A25-66 . . . . . . .1268. . . . . . . .479B25-67 . . . . . . .1269. . . . . . . .48125-68 . . . . . . .1270. . . . . . . .484C25-69 . . . . . . .1271. . . . . . . .481A26-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1023.127-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1024.1(1)27-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1024.1(2)27-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1025.1(1)27-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1025.1(2)27-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1025.1(3)27-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1025.1(4)27-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1025.1(8)27-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1025.1(9)

REFERENCE TABLE


27-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1025.1(5)27-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1025.1(6)27-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1025.1(7)28-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1026.129-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1027.1(1)29-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1027.1(2)29-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1027.1(3)29-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1027.1(4)30-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1030.1(1)30-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1030.1(2)30-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1030.1(3)30-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1030.1(4)30-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1031.1(1)30-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1031.1(2)30-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1031.1(3)30-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1031.1(4)30-9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1032.1(1)30-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1032.1(2)30-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1032.1(3)30-11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1032.1(4)31-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1033.1(1)31-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1033.1(2)31-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1033.1(3)31-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1033.1(4)31-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1033.1(5)31-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1033.1(6)31-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1034.1(1)31-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1034.1(2)31-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1034.1(3)31-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1034.1(4)31-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1034.1(5)31-9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1034.1(6)31-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1035.131-11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1036.131-12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1037.131-13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1038.132-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1040.1(1)32-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1040.1(2)32-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1040.1(3)32-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1040.1(4)32-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1040.1(5)32-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1040.1(6)32-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1040.1(7)32-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1041.1(1)32-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1041.1(2)32-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1041.1(3)32-9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1041.1(4)33-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1042.1(1)33-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1042.1(2)33-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1042.1(3)33-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1042.1(4)33-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1042.1(6)33-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1042.1(5)33-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1043.1(1)33-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1043.1(2)33-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1043.1(3)33-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1043.1(4)33-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1044.133-9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1045.1(1)33-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1045.1(2)

470



33-11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1045.1(3)33-12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1046.133-13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1047.134-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1048.134-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1049.134-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1050.134-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1051.135-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1055.135-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1057.135-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1058.135-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1059.135-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1060.136-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59336-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .593A36-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59436-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59536-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59636-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59736-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59936-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60136-9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60236-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60336-11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61636-12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61736-13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61836-14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61936-15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62036-16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62236-17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62336-18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62436-19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62536-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62636-21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62736-22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62837-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63537-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635A37-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63737-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63837-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64037-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64137-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64337-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64437-9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64537-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64737-11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64837-12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65038-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65438-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65638-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65738-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65838-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65938-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66138-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66338-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66438-9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66538-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66638-11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66838-12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66938-13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67338-14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .674

REFERENCE TABLE


38-15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67538-16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .675A38-17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67638-18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67738-19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68238-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68338-21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68438-22 . . . . . . .684A . . . . . . .None38-23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68539-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68739-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68839-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68939-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69039-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69239-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69339-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69439-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69639-9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69739-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69839-11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70039-12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70139-13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70239-14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70439-15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70539-16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70639-17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70739-18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70939-19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71139-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71239-21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71339-22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71539-23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71639-24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71739-25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71839-26 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72039-27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72139-28 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72239-29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72539-30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72639-31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72739-32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72839-33 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73040-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73240-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73340-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73440-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73540-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .735A40-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73740-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .737A40-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .737B40-9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73840-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73940-11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74140-12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74240-13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74340-14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74640-15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74940-16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75440-17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75840-18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .759

471



40-19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76040-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .760A40-21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76340-22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76440-23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76540-24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76740-25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76840-26 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76940-27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .769A40-28 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77040-29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77140-30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77240-31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77340-32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77640-33 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77740-34 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77840-35 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77940-36 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78040-37 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78140-38 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78240-39 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78340-40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78540-41 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78640-42 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78740-43 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78840-44 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79140-45 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79240-46 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79340-47 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79440-48 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79540-49 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79640-50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79740-51 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79840-52 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79940-53 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80040-54 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80140-55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80240-56 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80340-57 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80440-58 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80541-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80741-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80841-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80941-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81041-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81141-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81241-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81341-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81541-9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81641-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81741-11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81841-12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82141-13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82241-14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82341-15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82441-16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82541-17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82641-18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82841-19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82941-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .831

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41-21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83241-22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83341-23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83541-24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83641-25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83742-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83942-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84042-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84142-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84242-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84342-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84442-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84542-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .845A42-9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .845B42-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .846A42-11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84742-12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84842-13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84942-14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85042-15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .850B42-16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85242-17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85342-18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85442-19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .854A42-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85542-21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85642-22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85742-23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85842-24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86042-25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86142-26 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86342-27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86442-28 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86542-29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86742-30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86842-31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86942-32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87042-33 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87142-34 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87242-35 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87442-36 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87642-37 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87942-38 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88042-39 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88142-40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88342-41 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88442-42 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88542-43 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88742-44 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88842-45 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88942-46 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89242-47 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89342-48 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89442-49 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89542-50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89842-51 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89942-52 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90042-53 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90242-54 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90342-55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .904

472



42-56 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90543-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90743-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90843-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91043-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91143-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91243-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91343-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91543-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91643-9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91743-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91943-11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92143-12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92243-13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92443-14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92543-15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92643-16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92743-17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92943-18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93143-19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93243-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .932A43-21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93443-22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93543-23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93743-24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93843-25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93943-26 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94043-27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94143-28 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94243-29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94343-30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94543-31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94743-32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94843-33 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95043-34 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95243-35 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95343-36 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95443-37 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95543-38 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95643-39 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .956B43-40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .956C43-41 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .956D43-42 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .956E43-43 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .956F44-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95944-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96044-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96144-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96344-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96444-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96544-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96744-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96844-9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96944-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97044-11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97244-12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97344-13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97544-14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97644-15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97744-16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .978

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44-17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97944-18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98144-19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .997A44-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99844-21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100044-22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100244-23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100444-24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100544-25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100744-26 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100844-27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1008A44-28 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101044-29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101144-30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1011D44-31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1012A44-32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101444-33 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101544-34 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101644-35 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101744-36 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1020A44-37 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102160-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .418260-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .418360-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .418760-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4001A60-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .406160-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .418560-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .418661-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .400061-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4002A61-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4002B61-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4002C61-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4002D61-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .400361-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .400461-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .400561-9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .400661-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .400761-11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .404661-12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .404761-13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .404861-14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .404962-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .402862-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .402962-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .403162-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .403262-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .403362-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .403062-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .401462-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .403462-9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .403562-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .403662-11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .403763-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .400963-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .401063-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .401263-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .401363-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .401563-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .401763-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4018

473



63-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .401963-9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .403863-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .410364-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .405964-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .406065-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .402365-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4024,

413565-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .402565-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .402766-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .404066-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .404166-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .404266-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .404366-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .405166-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .405366-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .405466-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .405667-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .406467-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4064A67-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4064B67-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4064C67-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4064D67-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4064E67-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4064F67-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4064G67-9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4064H67-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4064J68-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .408468-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .408568-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .408668-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .408768-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .409068-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .409168-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .409268-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .409368-9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .409468-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .409568-11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .409669-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .410069-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .410169-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .410470-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .410670-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .410270-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .410770-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .410870-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .410970-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .411170-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .411270-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .411570-9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4116A70-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4116B71-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .411771-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .411871-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .411971-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .412071-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .412171-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .412371-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .405072-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4143

REFERENCE TABLE


72-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4143A72-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .414472-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .414573-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .414774-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .415074-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .415174-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .415274-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .415374-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .415474-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .415574-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .415674-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .415775-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .415975-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .416075-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .416175-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .416275-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .416375-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .416476-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .416576-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4165.176-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4165.276-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4165.476-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4165.576-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4165.677-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .416678-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4166A79-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4166B79-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4166B.179-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4166B.279-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4166B.380-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4166C81-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4142

474



81-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4142.181-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4142.281-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4142.381-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4142.482-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .416882-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .416982-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .417082-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .417182-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .417282-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .417382-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .417483-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .417783-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .417883-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .417983-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .418084-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .412684-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .412784-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .412884-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .412984-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .413084-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .413184-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .413284-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .413684-9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .413884-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .413984-11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .414084-12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .414185-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4184A85-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4184B85-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4184C86-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .418886-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4189

TABLE OF PRACTICE BOOK CHANGES

TABLE OF PRACTICE BOOK CHANGES*

Action EffectiveTaken Date

Rules of Prof. ConductPreamble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2007Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2007Rule 1.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 2007Rule 1.2 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2007Rule 1.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2007;

am Jan. 1, 2008Rule 1.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2007Rule 1.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2007Rule 1.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2007Rule 1.7 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2007Rule 1.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2007Rule 1.8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2007;

am Jan. 1, 2008Rule 1.9 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2007Rule 1.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2007Rule 1.10 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2007Rule 1.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2007Rule 1.11 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2007Rule 1.11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2007Rule 1.12 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2007Rule 1.12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2007Rule 1.13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2007Rule 1.14 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2007

am Jan. 1, 2009;Rule 1.14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2007;

am Jan. 1, 2009Rule 1.15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Sept. 1, 2006;

am Sept. 1, 2007;am Aug. 1, 2008

Rule 1.16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2002;am Jan. 1, 2007

Rule 1.17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 2007Rule 1.18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 2007Rule 2.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rp Jan. 1, 2007Rule 2.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2007Rule 2.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 2007Rule 3.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2007Rule 3.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2007Rule 3.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2007;

am Jan. 1, 2008Rule 3.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2003;

am Jan. 1, 2007Rule 3.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2007Rule 3.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2007Rule 4.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2007Rule 4.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2007Rule 4.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2007Rule 5.1 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2007Rule 5.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2007Rule 5.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2007Rule 5.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2007Rule 5.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2007Rule 5.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2000;

am Jan. 1, 2003;am Jan. 1, 2008;am Jan. 1, 2009

*This table is designed to reflect, at a glance, changes made in the Practice Book since its effective date of October 1, 1997.The first and third columns indicate the sections changed or added and the effective dates thereof. Under ‘‘Action Taken,’’ inthe second column, the abbreviations signify: ad (adopted); am (amended); def (deferred until); ex (extended); int (interim) andrp (repealed).

475



Rule 5.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2007Rule 6.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 2007Rule 7.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2007Rule 7.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2007Rule 7.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2007Rule 7.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2009Rule 7.4A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2006;

am Jan. 1, 2008;am Jan. 1, 2009

Rule 7.4C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2009Rule 8.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2007;

am Aug. 1, 2008Rule 8.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2007Rule 8.5 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2007Rule 8.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2007Code, Jud. ConductCanon 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 1999;

int. Jan. 1, 2000;am Jan. 1, 2001;am Jan. 1, 2002;am Aug. 1, 2008

Canon 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 1999Canon 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 1999P.B. Section1-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 20011-4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 20071-9A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 20091-10 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 20081-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Oct. 1, 2005;

am Jan. 1, 2008;am Aug. 1, 2008

1-10 (b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ex Oct. 1, 2006;ex Oct. 1, 2007

1-10A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 20081-10B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 20081-11 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 20081-11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 20081-11A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 20081-11B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 20081-11C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 20081-13A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 20001-14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 20001-15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rp Jan. 1, 20001-16 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 20001-16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 20001-17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 20001-18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 20001-19 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 20001-19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 20001-20 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 20001-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 20001-21 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 20001-21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 20001-21A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 20001-24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 20082-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Sept. 1, 19982-4A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 2007



2-8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 20082-9 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 20092-9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 20092-11 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 20092-11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Sept. 1, 19982-11A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 20092-12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 20072-13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 20002-15A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 2008;

am Jan. 1, 20092-16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am July 1, 2003;

def Jan. 1, 2004;am Jan. 1, 2008

2-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Sept. 1, 19982-27 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 20082-27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2002;

am July 1, 2003;def Jan. 1, 2004;am Jan. 1, 2007;am Jan. 1, 2008;am Jan. 1, 2009

2-27 (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am July 1, 20072-28 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am July 1, 2003;

def Jan. 1, 2004;am Jan. 1, 2007

2-28A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad July 1, 20072-28B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad July 1, 20072-29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am July 1, 2003;

def Jan. 1, 20042-31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am July 1, 2003;

def Jan. 1, 20042-32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 1999;

am Jan. 1, 2000;am July 1, 2003;

def & am Jan. 1, 2004;am Jan. 1, 2005;am Jan. 1, 2006;am Jan. 1, 2009

2-34 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am July 1, 2003;def Jan. 1, 2004

2-34A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad July 1, 2003;def & am Jan. 1, 2004;

am Jan. 1, 20052-35 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2000;

am July 1, 2003;def Jan. 1, 2004;am Jan. 1, 2007;am Jan. 1, 2008;am Jan. 1, 2009

2-36 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am July 1, 2003;def Jan. 1, 2004;am Jan. 1, 2007

2-37 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 20002-38 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Sept. 1, 1998;

am Jan. 1, 2000;am July 1, 2003;

def & am Jan. 1, 2004;am Jan. 1, 2008;am Jan. 1, 2009

2-39 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Sept. 1, 1998;am Jan. 1, 2002;am July 1, 2003;def Jan. 1, 2004

2-40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am July 1, 2003;

476



def Jan. 1, 2004;am Jan. 1, 2007

2-41 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Sept. 1, 1998;am July 1, 2003;def Jan. 1, 2004;am Jan. 1, 2007

2-42 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am July 1, 2003;def Jan. 1, 2004;am Jan. 1, 2007

2-44A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 20082-47 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am July 1, 2003;

def Jan. 1, 2004;am Jan. 1, 2005;am Jan. 1, 2006;am Jan. 1, 2007

2-47A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 20072-48 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am July 1, 2003;

def Jan. 1, 20042-50 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 20072-50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am July 1, 2003;

def Jan. 1, 2004;am Jan. 1, 2007;am Jan. 1, 2008;am Jan. 1, 2009

2-52 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am July 1, 2003;def Jan. 1, 2004;am Jan. 1, 2006;am Jan. 1, 2008

2-53 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2001;am July 1, 2003;def Jan. 1, 2004;am Jan. 1, 2007

2-54 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 20002-55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . int Nov. 17, 1999;

am Jan. 1, 20002-56 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am July 1, 2003;

def Jan. 1, 20042-58 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am July 1, 2003;

def Jan. 1, 20042-59 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am July 1, 2003;

def Jan. 1, 20042-64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am July 1, 2003;

def Jan. 1, 20042-68 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 1999;

am May 17, 20052-68A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad May 17, 20052-69 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 19992-70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 1999;

int Nov. 17,1999;am Jan. 1, 2000;am July 13, 2004;am May 17, 2005;am Jan. 1, 2006

2-71 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 19992-72 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 19992-73 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 1999;

am May 17, 20052-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 19992-75 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 19992-76 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 1999;

am May 17, 2005;am Jan. 1, 2007

2-77 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 1999;am May 17, 2005



2-78 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 19992-79 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 1999;

am Jan. 1, 20062-80 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 19992-81 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 19992-82 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am July 1, 2003;

def Jan. 1, 2004;am Jan. 1, 2007

2-83 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad July 1, 2003;def & int Jan. 1, 2004

3-9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2007;am Jan. 1, 2009

3-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2001;am Jan. 1, 2002;am Jan. 1, 2005

3-16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 20004-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 20024-4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 1999;

am Jan. 1, 20094-5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 20014-6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 20016-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 20006-2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 20076-3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 20076-4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2003;

am Jan. 1, 20076-5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2002;

am July 1, 20037-4A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad July 1, 20037-4B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad July 1, 2003;

am Jan. 1, 20057-4C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad July 1, 20037-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 19997-11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 1999;


7-13 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 19997-13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 1999;

am Jan. 1, 2004;am Jan. 1, 2008

7-17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Oct. 1, 2003;am July 13, 2004

7-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 20098-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2000;

am Jan. 1, 200510-13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 1999;

am Jan. 1, 200510-14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 1999;

am Jan. 1, 200510-30 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200410-30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2004;

am Jan. 1, 200510-39 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200010-40 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200410-40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2004;

am Jan. 1, 200510-44 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200411-13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200311-14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200811-18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2000;

am Jan. 1, 2005;am Jan. 1, 2008

11-20 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am July 1, 2003

477



11-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2000;am July 1, 2003;am Jan. 1, 2005

11-20A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad July 1, 2003;am Jan. 1, 2005

11-21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 199912-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 199913-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200813-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200913-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2000;

am Jan. 1, 2002;am Jan. 1, 2009

13-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200013-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200213-9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2000;

am Jan. 1, 2002;am Jan. 1, 2006

13-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2000;am Jan. 1, 2002;am Jan. 1, 2009

13-11A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200613-22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200913-23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200913-27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200113-28 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200513-30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2001;


14-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200514-2 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200314-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200314-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200314-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200514-7A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200714-13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200614-25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200315-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200916-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200516-31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200116-33 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 199916-36 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . int June 28, 1999;

am Jan. 1, 200017-4A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200117-11 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200717-11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2003;

am Jan. 1, 200717-12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200717-13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200717-14 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200717-14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2003;

am Jan. 1, 2007;am Jan. 1, 2009

17-14A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200717-15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2003;

am Jan. 1, 200717-16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2003;

am Jan. 1, 200717-17 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200717-17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200717-18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2007;

am Jan. 1, 200917-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200517-21 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2006



17-21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200617-24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 199917-30 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200117-30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2001;

am Jan. 1, 200617-33 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200317-36 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 199917-45 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200417-45 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2001;

am Jan. 1, 2004;am Jan. 1, 2005

17-53 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2001;am Jan. 1, 2002

17-55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200017-56 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200018-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200218-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200619-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2000;

am Jan. 1, 200719-2A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200019-3 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200019-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200319-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200019-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 1999;

am Jan. 1, 200019-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200019-9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200019-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200019-11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200019-12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rp Jan. 1, 200019-13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rp Jan. 1, 200019-14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2000;

am Jan. 1, 200119-15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200019-16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200019-17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200019-18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200020-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200221-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200221-12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200221-14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200222-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Sept. 1, 1998;

am Jan. 1, 200223-22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200223-40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200023-44 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200223-53 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 199923-60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 199923-61 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 199923-63 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 199923-65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 199923-66 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 1999;

am Jan. 1, 2000;am Jan. 1, 2003

23-67 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200323-68 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Mar. 12, 200724-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200124-2 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200124-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200124-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 199924-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2001;

am Jan. 1, 200224-7 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200124-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2001

478



24-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200124-9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200124-10 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200124-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2001;

am Jan. 1, 200824-11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200124-13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 1999;

am Jan. 1, 200124-14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200124-15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200124-16 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200124-16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200124-17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200124-18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rp Jan. 1, 200124-19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200124-20 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200124-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200124-20A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200124-21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 1999;

am Jan. 1, 200124-22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200124-24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200124-27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200124-29 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200124-29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200124-30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2001;

am Jan. 1, 2002;am Jan. 1, 2004

24-31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200124-32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2000;

am Jan. 1, 200324-33 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200025-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2000;

am Jan. 1, 200725-2 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200725-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2002;




25-5 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200025-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 1999;


25-7 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200025-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200025-8 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200725-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200725-9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2000;

am Jan. 1, 200725-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2000;

am Jan. 1, 200725-23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am July 1, 200325-26 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2006;

am Oct. 1, 200725-27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200025-28 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2000;

am Jan. 1, 2007



25-29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200725-30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2003;

am Jan. 1, 200725-32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 1999;

am Jan. 1, 200725-36 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200925-36 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200925-39 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Mar. 12, 200725-50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200025-51 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200725-55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200025-57 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2000;


am Jan. 1, 200725-59 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am July 1, 200325-59 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am July 1, 2003;

am Jan. 1, 200525-59A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad July 1, 2003;

am Jan. 1, 200525-67 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 1999;

am Jan. 1, 200726-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2003;

am Jan. 1, 200927-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200327-1A (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200927-1A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200927-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rp Jan. 1, 200327-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rp Jan. 1, 200327-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2003;

am Jan. 1, 200927-4A (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200927-4A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 2003;

am Jan. 1, 200927-5 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200927-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2003;

am Jan. 1, 200927-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2003;

am Jan. 1, 200927-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2003;

am Jan. 1, 200927-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rp Jan. 1, 200327-8A (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200927-8A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 2003;

am Jan. 1, 200927-9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200928-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rp Jan. 1, 200329-1 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200329-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200329-1A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200329-1B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200329-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200330-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rp Jan. 1, 200330-1A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200330-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rp Jan. 1, 200330-2A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200930-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200330-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2003;

am Jan. 1, 200930-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200330-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2003;

am Jan. 1, 2009

479



30-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2003;am Jan. 1, 2009

30-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2003;am Jan. 1, 2009

30-9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200330-10 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200330-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2003;

am Jan. 1, 200930-11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200930a-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200330a-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200330a-3 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200430a-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 2003;

am Jan. 1, 200430a-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200330a-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 2003;

am Jan. 1, 200730a-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200330a-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200330a-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200331-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rp Jan. 1, 200331-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rp Jan. 1, 200331-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rp Jan. 1, 200331-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rp Jan. 1, 200331-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rp Jan. 1, 200331-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rp Jan. 1, 200331-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rp Jan. 1, 200331-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rp Jan. 1, 200331-9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rp Jan. 1, 200331-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rp Jan. 1, 200331-11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rp Jan. 1, 200331-12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rp Jan. 1, 200331-13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rp Jan. 1, 200331a-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 2003;

am Jan. 1, 200931a-1A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200931a-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200331a-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200331a-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200331a-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 2003;

am Jan. 1, 200931a-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200331a-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200331a-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200331a-9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200331a-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200331a-11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200331a-12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200331a-13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 2003;

am Jan. 1, 200931a-13A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200931a-14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 2003;

am Jan. 1, 200931a-15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200331a-16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 2003;

am Jan. 1, 200931a-17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 2003;

am Jan. 1, 200931a-18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 2003;

am Jan. 1, 200931a-19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 2003;

am Jan. 1, 200931a-19A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200931a-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 2009



32-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rp Jan. 1, 200332-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rp Jan. 1, 200332-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rp Jan. 1, 200332-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rp Jan. 1, 200332-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rp Jan. 1, 200332-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rp Jan. 1, 200332-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rp Jan. 1, 200332-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rp Jan. 1, 200332-9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rp Jan. 1, 200332a-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 2003;

am Jan. 1, 200932a-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 2003;

am Jan. 1, 200932a-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 2003;

am Jan. 1, 200932a-4 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200932a-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 2003;


am Jan. 1, 200932a-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200332a-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200332a-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200332a-9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200933-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rp Jan. 1, 200333-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rp Jan. 1, 200333-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rp Jan. 1, 200333-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rp Jan. 1, 200333-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rp Jan. 1, 200333-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rp Jan. 1, 200333-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rp Jan. 1, 200333-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rp Jan. 1, 200333-9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rp Jan. 1, 200333-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rp Jan. 1, 200333-11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rp Jan. 1, 200333-12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rp Jan. 1, 200333-13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rp Jan. 1, 200333a-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200333a-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 2003;

am Jan. 1, 200933a-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 2003;

am Jan. 1, 200933a-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 2003;

am Jan. 1, 200933a-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200333a-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 2003;


am Jan. 1, 200933a-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 2003;

am Jan. 1, 200934-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rp Jan. 1, 200334-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rp Jan. 1, 200334-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rp Jan. 1, 200334-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rp Jan. 1, 200334a-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 2003;

am Jan. 1, 200934a-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200334a-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200334a-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200334a-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200334a-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 2003

480



34a-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200334a-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200334a-9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200334a-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200334a-11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200334a-12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200334a-13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200334a-14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200334a-15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200334a-16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200334a-17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200334a-18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200334a-19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200334a-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200334a-21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200334a-22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200334a-23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200335-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rp Jan. 1, 200335-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rp Jan. 1, 200335-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rp Jan. 1, 200335-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rp Jan. 1, 200335-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rp Jan. 1, 200335a-1 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200935a-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 2003;

am Jan. 1, 200935a-1A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200935a-1B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200935a-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 2003;

am Jan. 1, 200935a-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 2003;

am Jan. 1, 200935a-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 2003;


am Jan. 1, 200935a-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 2003;

am Jan. 1, 200935a-6A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 2009

ad Jan. 1, 200935a-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200335a-7A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200935a-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 2003;

am Jan. 1, 200935a-9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 2003;

am Jan. 1, 200935a-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200335a-11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200335a-12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 2003;

am Jan. 1, 200935a-13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 2003;

am Jan. 1, 200935a-14 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200935a-14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 2003;

am Jan. 1, 200935a-14A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200935a-15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 2003;

am Jan. 1, 200935a-16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 2003;

am Jan. 1, 200935a-17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 2003;

rp Jan. 1, 200935a-18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 2003;

am Jan. 1, 2009



35a-19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 2003;am Jan. 1, 2009

35a-20 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200935a-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 2003;

am Jan. 1, 200935a-21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 2003;

am Jan. 1, 200936-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am July 1, 2003;

am Jan. 1, 200537-12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200838-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 199938-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2006;

am Jan. 1, 200738-9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200438-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rp Jan. 1, 200642-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200242-19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200242-34 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200942-49 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am July 1, 200342-49 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2000;

am July 1, 2003;am Jan. 1, 2005

42-49A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad July 1, 2003;am Jan. 1, 2005

43-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200743-9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200943-29A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200243-38 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200444-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Mar. 12, 200744-10A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Mar. 12, 200744-19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200644-37 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200261-4 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 199961-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 199961-6 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200161-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2001;



61-12 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200061-12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200061-13 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200061-13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2000;

am Jan. 1, 200261-14 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 199961-14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 199961-15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200061-16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Oct. 1, 200262-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 1999;

am Oct. 1, 2002;am Jan. 1, 2004


62-8A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 2007;am Jan. 1, 2008

62-9A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200562-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200563-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2000;

am Jan. 1, 2005;am Jan. 1, 2006;

481



am Jan. 1, 200963-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Nov. 1, 2002;

am Jan. 1, 2004;am Jan. 1, 2008

63-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2000;am Jan. 1, 2006

63-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200063-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Nov. 1, 200263-8A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Nov. 1, 200263-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200064-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 199966-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2000;

am Jan. 1, 200666-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2003;

am Jan. 1, 200466-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2000;

am Oct. 1, 200266-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Nov. 1, 2002;

am Jan. 1, 200667-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Sept. 1, 200167-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2000;

am Oct. 1, 200267-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2000;

am Oct. 1, 2002;am Jan. 1, 2006

67-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200967-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200967-11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200067-12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200067-13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200568-1 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 199968-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 1999;

am Oct. 1, 200268-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200268-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200569-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 199970-7 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200070-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200070-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200270-9 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am June 1, 200770-9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2004;

am June 1, 200770-10 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200470-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2004;

rp June 1, 200771-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200071-5 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200071-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200071-6 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200071-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200071-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200072-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200472-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200472-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200476-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200077-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200077-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200478A-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200679-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200479-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200580-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 1999;

am Jan. 1, 200581-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2005;

am Jan. 1, 2007



81-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 1999;am April 15, 2002;am Jan. 1, 2004

81-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am April 15, 2002;am Jan. 1, 2004;am Jan. 1, 2007

81-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Oct. 1, 200281-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Oct. 1, 200282-1 (title) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200682-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200582-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rp Jan. 1, 200582-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200582-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200582-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200683-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200184-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 1999;

am Jan. 1, 2000;am Jan. 1, 2007

84-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 1999;am Jan. 1, 2002;am April 15, 2002;am Jan. 1, 2004

84-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am April 15, 2002;am Jan. 1, 2004;

482



am Jan. 1, 200784-9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Oct. 1, 200284-11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200084a-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200684a-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200684a-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200684a-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200684a-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200684a-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ad Jan. 1, 200686-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 200586-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2001Form 201 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2005;

am Jan. 1, 2008Form 202 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2005;

am Jan. 1, 2008Form 203 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2006;

am Jan. 1, 2008Form 204 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2005;

am Jan. 1, 2006;am Jan. 1, 2008

Form 205 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2005;am Jan. 1, 2006;am Jan. 1, 2008

Form 206 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . am Jan. 1, 2008

STATUTES NOTED

STATUTES NOTED

Wherever a statute has been mentioned in the rules in this volume, it is noted in this table. The abbreviationCh. signifies chapter.

Statutes P.B. 20091-23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-3

16-842-1142-14

1-25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-316-8

42-1142-14

1-210 et seq. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-7ACh. 54 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-5Ch. 124 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81-1Ch. 124 through 134 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-58-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-7A8-132 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-14

17-1812-103 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-7

68-1012-117a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-7

68-1012-119 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-7

68-10Title 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44-2514-219 (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44-2317a-28 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34a-2017a-75 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31a-1517a-101 through 17a-101e. . . . . . . . . . . 31a-1417a-101g. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35a-1417a-110 (b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26-117a-111 (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26-117a-111b (b). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35a-1517a-274 (b), (g), (h). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31a-1517a-685 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-11

43-4017b-27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33a-717b-450 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31a-1417b-451 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31a-14Ch. 440 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81-122a-43 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-7A26-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44-3729-18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44-3729-18a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44-3729-19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44-3731-290a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76-1

76-276-376-476-684-4

31-290a (b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66-676-1

31a-13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26-1Ch. 669 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24-638a-139 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-7

68-1045a-186 to 45a-193. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-7645a-611 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35a-1945a-612 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35a-19

483


Statutes P.B. 200945a-619 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35a-1945a-757 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1446a-33a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-1

42-1046b-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10B

25-146b-11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77-146b-15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-5

7-1125-1

61-1146b-49 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77-146b-115 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25-5746b-120 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26-1

27-4A46b-121 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10B

26-134a-1

46b-122 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77-146b-123e. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33a-746b-127 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31a-1246b-128 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29-1A

29-246b-128 (b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30-1046b-129 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-5

35a-546b-129 (k) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26-1

35a-1446b-129 (k) (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35a-1446b-129 (m) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35a-1446b-129a (2). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33a-746b-133 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30-1A46b-133 (a), (b), (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29-1A46b-133 (d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30-646b-133 (f) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30-1046b-133b. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26-146b-133e. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26-146b-136 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33a-746b-140 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31a-1546b-141 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26-146b-149 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26-1

29-1B30-2A

46b-149 (d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29-246b-149 (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27-946b-150f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29-1B46b-151 through 46b-151g. . . . . . . . . . . . 30-2A46b-172 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33a-746b-172a. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26-146b-180 through 46b-211 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1146b-212 through 46b-213v . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1146b-215a. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25-6746b-215b. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25-6746b-220 through 46b-223 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4646b-231 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25-6647-33 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-147a-14h . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-11

STATUTES NOTED

Statutes P.B. 200947a-68 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-7

24-451-27a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24-451-36a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31a-1451-52 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-251-52a (b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-951-59 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1751-81b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5551-81d (f) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7651-84 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10

85-251-88 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-33

2-34A2-63

51-189 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20-351-190a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20-451-193l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-151-195 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43-3

43-2444-10A

51-197a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24-2851-197b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-651-199 (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65-1

65-376-5

51-199b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82-182-8

51-296 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-2644-4

51-297 (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37-651-345 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24-451-346 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24-451-347 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24-451-347b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-1

12-352-11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2452-52 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-752-69 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-152-73a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2552-78 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1252-86 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1352-87 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-152-88 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-252-91 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-2052-97 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-2152-99 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-552-101 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-352-102 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-652-106 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1152-107 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1852-108 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1952-109 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2052-110 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2152-114 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-5352-115 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-7352-117 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-7152-118 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-7252-119 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-1852-128 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-5952-130 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-6052-131 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-6752-136 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-65

484


Statutes P.B. 200952-137 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-6352-138 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-6452-139 to 52-142 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-5452-143 et seq. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32a-252-178 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-2652-185 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-3

8-552-186 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-652-187 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-852-188 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-952-189 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-10

20-352-190 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1152-190a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-252-192a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-1852-193 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-1152-194 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-1252-195 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-1352-195b (b) (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-2

23-352-196 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-2352-200 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-1852-205 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-152-208 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-652-209 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-752-212 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-4352-215 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-1052-216 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-952-216a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-3652-216b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-1952-218 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-1052-219 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-1152-221 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-3452-223 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-1752-225 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-252-225a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-78

16-3516-36

52-225b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-7852-226 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-752-227 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-152-228 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-352-231 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-552-235a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-5952-257 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-6

18-1618-18

52-259b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44-10A52-263 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-152-265a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83-1

83-283-3

52-270 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31a-1142-55

Ch. 903a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63-452-278d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-1352-278e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-1352-278i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-1352-307 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-1352-308 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-1352-380a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-6952-417 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-1

STATUTES NOTED

Statutes P.B. 200952-418 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-152-419 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-152-434 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-1

19-352-434a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63-1052-504 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20-252-506 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21-452-513 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21-1752-549z . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19-352-549aa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-6652-591 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-652-592 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-652-593 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-653a-39a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43-353a-39d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38-453a-40c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61-1353a-40e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61-1353a-46a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67-653a-46b (b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67-653a-54b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67-653a-54d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27-4A53a-70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1153a-70a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1154-1b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37-354-2a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38-154-33c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-13

485


Statutes P.B. 200942-49A

54-36h . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-11Ch. 959a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41-1454-46a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41-954-47g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78-154-56d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-3954-56e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43-4054-56f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38-454-56g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43-4054-56m. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43-4054-63g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65-354-64b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37-354-66 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38-954-76h . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-49

77-154-82c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43-3954-82i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-44

44-3454-95 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43-254-102b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61-1354-102g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61-1354-152 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44-3454-221 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26-1

30a-6Ch. 964 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38-1854-260 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61-13

INDEX

ADDITURMotion for 16-35

ADMINISTRATIVE APPEALSBriefing schedule 14-7Civil rules, applicability of 14-6Definition 14-5, 60-4

ADMISSIONSSee DISCOVERY AND DEPOSITIONS—CIVIL; PLEAD-

INGS, CIVIL ACTIONS

ADMISSION TO PRACTICESee ATTORNEYS, Admission to Practice

ALIMONYSee FAMILY MATTERS

ALTERNATE INCARCERATION PROGRAMSee CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION 23-67

AMENDMENT OF PLEADINGSSee PLEADINGS—CIVIL ACTIONS

AMICUS CURIAEAppellate brief of 67-7

ANNULMENTSee FAMILY MATTERS

ANSWERSee PLEADINGS—CIVIL ACTIONS

APPEARANCE AND ARRAIGNMENT—CRIMINAL MAT-TERS

See also APPEARANCES—IN GENERALAppearance after pretrial release 38-6Arraignment, timing 37-1

Constitutional rights, advisement of 37-3, 37-4Indigency, investigation of 37-5Information and materials to be provided to defendant

37-2Public defender, appointment 37-6

Reference to, investigation of indigency 37-5Detention prior to arraignment, trial, sentencing, limit on

38-18Disposition conference 39-11—39-17Dispositions without trial, miscellaneous 39-33Nolle prosequi, see CRIMINAL PROCEDURE, Nolle

prosequiPlea, see CRIMINAL PROCEDURE, PleasProbable cause, determination of where defendant in cus-

tody 37-12

APPEARANCES—IN GENERALAppeal, appearance by counsel 62-8

Criminal appeals, hybrid representation prohibited 62-9ACriminal appeals, removal or substitution of counsel

62-9ATrial court files and motions, review of and participation

in by appellate counsel 62-8, 62-10Withdrawal of appearance 62-9

Bail or detention hearing only, appearances for 3-6Civil and family cases, appearance for plaintiff 3-1

487


APPEARANCES—IN GENERAL — (Cont)Consequence of filing 3-7Creditor, when allowed to appear and defend 3-13Duration of appearance 3-9Electronic filing 4-4Family matters 25-6

Failure to appear, consequences of 25-51, 25-52Filing with clerk, copies 3-4Form and signing of 3-3Habeas corpus

Appearance by petitioner in court 23-40By interactive audiovisual device 23-40

Counsel, appointment of 23-26Motion for leave to withdraw appearance 23-41

Judicial action on 23-42Interactive audiovisual device, appearance by means of in

civil proceedings 23-68Legal interns 3-14

Activities of 3-17Certification of 3-18Legal internship committee 3-19Out-of-state interns 3-21Requirements and limitations 3-16Supervision of legal interns 3-15Unauthorized practice 3-20

Motion to withdraw 3-10Name, composition or membership of firm or professional

corporation, notice of change of 3-12Plaintiff, appearance for 3-1Pro hac vice appearance 2-16Represented party, appearance for 3-8Service of appearances on other parties—when required 3-5Several parties, appearance for 3-11Time to file appearance 3-2Withdrawal of appearance 3-9Writ or complaint, appearance for plaintiff 3-1

APPELLATE COURTSee generally APPELLATE PROCEDURE

APPELLATE PROCEDURESee also CRIMINAL PROCEDURE, Appeal; JUVENILE

MATTERS, AppealAdditions to case file 68-1Administrative appeal, definition 60-4Amended appeals 61-9Amicus curiae

Briefs 67-7Appeal form, filing 63-3

Additional papers to be filed 63-4 (a)Amendment of papers 63-4 (b)

Withdrawal of appeal 63-9Appeal period, generally 63-1 (a) and (b)

Briefing obligations, stay of 67-12Motion for 63-1 (d)

Calculation of time, in general 63-2Motions that delay commencement of 11-11New appeal period, how created 63-1 (c) (1)

Simultaneous filing required of motions that renderjudgment or decision ineffective 63-1 (e)

What may be appealed during 63-1 (c) (3)Who may appeal during 63-1 (c) (2)

Appeal, right to 61-1

INDEX

APPELLATE PROCEDURE — (Cont)Appearance by counsel 62-8

Criminal appeals, hybrid representation prohibited 62-9ACriminal appeals, removal or substitution of counsel

62-9APro hac vice 62-8ATrial court files and motions, review of and participation

in by appellate counsel 62-8, 62-10Withdrawal of appearance 62-9

Appellant, definition 60-4Brief of, contents and organization 67-4Responsibility to provide adequate record for review 60-5

Appellate clerk 62-2Assignment list, mailing to counsel of record 69-3Docketing of cases 62-3

Ready case docket, printing and distributing 69-1Exhibits, to be transmitted to appellate clerk by trial court

clerk 68-1Extension of time motions, action on 66-1Judgment files, preparation of 71-1Notice of decisions on motions and of orders to be given

by appellate clerk 71-4Notification of bankruptcy petition and of resolution 61-16Notification of trial court clerk of change in parties 62-5Ready cases, printing and distributing docket of 69-1Record, responsibilities in preparation of 68-2, 68-3, 68-

5—68-8Taxation of costs 71-2

Motion to reconsider 71-3Appellee, definition 60-4

Brief of, contents and organization 67-5Appendix, in general 67-1, 67-8Applications

Filing procedures 66-3Form 66-2, 66-3Memoranda, supporting and opposing 66-2

Argument, see Oral argument this titleArticulation, remand for 60-5

Motion for 66-5Review of decision on 66-7

Assignment of cases for argument 69-2Order of assignment 69-3Precedence of supreme and appellate court assignments

69-3Ready cases 69-2

Authorities, table of in briefs 67-11Automatic stay pending appeal, noncriminal cases 61-11 (a)

Automatic stay not available 61-11 (b)Criminal cases, stays in 61-13Death cases, stays in 61-15Discretionary stay, motion for 61-12Review of order concerning stay 61-14

Bankruptcy, notification to appellate clerk 61-16Briefs, in general 67-1

Amended appeals 61-9Amicus curiae briefs 67-7Appellant’s brief, contents and organization 67-4Appellee’s brief, contents and organization 67-5Certification concerning 62-7Citation of cases, form 67-11Consolidated or joint appeals 61-7Copies 67-2Death sentences, statutory review of, briefs 67-6Family matters 67-13Format 67-2Juvenile matters 67-13, 79-5Land use regulations, statement as to 67-4, 67-5

488


APPELLATE PROCEDURE — (Cont)Briefs, in general 67-1 — (Cont)

Copy to be filed with brief 81-6Motion to stay briefing obligations 63-1 (d)Page limitations 67-3Stay of briefing obligations 67-12Supplemental authorities, citation after filing of brief 67-10Supplemental briefs 61-9

On amendment of transcript statement 63-4 (b)Table of authorities 67-11Time for filing 67-3Unreported decisions, citation of 67-9

Cameras and electronic media 70-9Case citations in briefs, form 67-11Case file, preparation of 68-1

Additions to after appeal taken 68-1Certification

Filed papers, certification of 62-7For review by appellate court, see Petitions for certifica-

tion, this titleFor review by supreme court, see Petitions for certifica-

tion, this titleGeneral Statutes § 52-265a, application for certification

pursuant to, in general 83-1Application denied 83-3Application granted 83-2Unavailability of chief justice 83-4

Habeas corpus 80-1Certified questions to or from courts of other jurisdictions

Briefs and argument 82-6Certification of questions from other courts 82-1Certification of questions to other courts 82-8Certification request, contents of 82-3

Preparation of 82-4Docketing after preliminary acceptance 82-5Fees and costs 82-5Opinion on 82-7

Chief justice or chief judgeAction by, on motion for permission to appeal judgment

not disposing all claims by or against party 61-4Designation of appellate panels and presiding judges by

chief judge 62-1Designation of chief judge by chief justice 62-1Permission to exceed page limitations of briefs 67-3Scheduling of sessions by chief judge 62-1

Citation of cases in briefs 67-11Citation of unreported decisions 67-9Claims to be preserved 60-5Clerk, appellate, see Appellate clerk, this titleClerk, trial court, responsibilities after appeal filed 68-1Compensation review board, reservation of cases by 76-5Conditional plea of guilty or nolo contendere

Appeal from denial of motion to suppress or to dismiss61-6 (a) (2) (i)

Reservation of right to appeal 61-6 (a) (2) (ii)Confidentiality of hearings, juvenile matters 79-4Connecticut Law Journal date as date of judgment or order

71-1Connecticut Reports and Connecticut Appellate Reports,

official opinions contained in 71-4Consolidation of appeals 61-7

Briefs 67-3Constitutionality of statute, statement in appeal of challenge

to 63-4 (a)Control of proceedings on appeal 60-2

INDEX

APPELLATE PROCEDURE — (Cont)Copies of filed papers, in general 62-7

Of appeal 63-3Of briefs 67-2

CostsCertified questions from federal courts 82-5Judicial review council, costs waived in appeals from 74-3Probate judicial conduct, costs waived in appeals from

decisions of council on 75-3Security for 63-5

Waiver, civil cases 63-6Waiver, criminal cases 63-7

Taxation of 71-2Motion to reconsider 71-3

Workers’ compensation appeals 76-4Counsel

Appearance by 62-8Assignment list, mailing to counsel of record 69-3Counsel of record, definition 60-4Hybrid representation prohibited in criminal appeals 62-

9ANotification to counsel of intended disposition of case

without argument 70-1Removal or substitution of in criminal appeals 62-9ATrial court files, review of 62-8, 62-10Trial court motions, participation by appellate counsel

62-8Withdrawal of 62-9

Court closure order, expedited review of 77-1Court reporter, definition 60-4Criminal cases

Appeal by defendant 61-6 (a)Appeal by state 61-6 (b)Interlocutory ruling, appeal from 61-6 (c)Stays in 61-13

Cross appeals 61-8Briefs 67-3

Cross petition for certification 81-1, 84-4Death sentences, statutory review of, briefs 67-6

Stay of 61-15Decision of trial court, statement of 64-1Defendant, reference to in brief 67-1Deferral of appeal where undisposed complaint, counter-

claim or cross complaint remains 61-2Notice of intent to appeal 61-2, 61-5 (a)

Failure to file, consequences 61-5 (b)Objection to deferral of appeal 61-5 (a)

Definitions 60-4Diligence, lack in prosecuting or defending appeal 85-1Dismiss, motion to 66-8Docket

Certified questions from federal courts 82-5Entry of cases on by appellate clerk 62-3Ready case docket, printing and distribution of 69-1Transfer of cases between supreme court and appellate

court 65-1Motion for transfer from appellate court to supreme

court 65-2Trial court docket, appealed cases to remain on 62-4

Docketing statement, filing with appeal 63-4 (a)Amendment 63-4 (b)

Documents, form and contents 62-6, 62-7Certification 62-7Copies, number of 62-7Filing and service 62-7Time limitations, calculation 63-2Timely submission 62-7

489


APPELLATE PROCEDURE — (Cont)Electronic media coverage at proceedings 70-9En banc consideration and reconsideration of cases 70-7

Reconsideration, motion for en banc 71-5Evidence and exhibits

Availability to parties 62-10Removal 62-11Transmitting exhibits to appellate clerk 68-1

Expedited review, court closure order or order sealing orlimiting disclosure 77-1

Fact-finding, supreme court 84a-1—84a-6Family matters, briefs 67-13Family support magistrates, appeal from 25-66Federal courts, certified questions from, see Certified ques-

tions from federal courts, this titleFees

Appeal, fees on filing, in general 63-5Certification for review by supreme court, fees on 84-4

Statement that fees paid or not required 84-9Certified questions from federal courts 82-5Entry fee, cross appeal 61-8Entry fee, joint appeal 61-7Judicial review council, fees waived in appeals from 74-3Probate judicial conduct, fees waived in appeals from

decisions of council on 75-3Waiver, civil cases 63-6Waiver, criminal cases 63-7Workers’ compensation appeals 76-4

FilesAvailability to parties 62-10Case file, preparation of 68-1Removal 62-11

Filing appeal 63-3; see also 63-1 and 63-2 on appeal periodand calculating timeAdditional papers to be filed 63-4 (a)

Amendment of 63-4 (b)Final judgment, right to appeal from 61-1

What constitutes 61-2Deferral of appeal 61-2, 61-3

Notice of intent to appeal 61-5 (a)Failure to file, consequences 61-5 (b)

Objection to deferral 61-5 (a)Judgment disposing of part of complaint, counterclaim

or cross complaintAll claims by or against party in particular pleading

disposed 61-3All claims by or against party not disposed, motion

for permission to appeal 61-4Further articulation, remand for 60-5General Statutes § 52-265a, application for certification pur-

suant to, in general 83-1Application denied 83-3Application granted 83-2Unavailability of chief justice 83-4

Grand jury order, review of 78-1Habeas corpus, certification to appeal 80-1Hearings on motions 66-4Joint appeals 61-7

Briefs 67-3Judges and justices sitting as superior court judges 60-6Judgment file, draft judgment file, filing with appeal 63-4 (a)Judgments, appealability, see Final judgment, right to

appeal from, this titleJudgments in appellate proceedings

Connecticut Law Journal date as date of judgment ororder 71-1

Costs, taxation of 71-2

INDEX

APPELLATE PROCEDURE — (Cont)Judgments in appellate proceedings — (Cont)

Motion to reconsider 71-3Judgment files, preparation by appellate clerk 71-1Judicial review council, appeals from, in general 74-1

Appellate rules, applicability of 74-6Decision of council statement of 74-4Fees, costs and security waived 74-3Initiation of proceedings by supreme court 74-8Papers to be filed 74-2Parties, proper form of reference 74-5Recommendation by council, action on by supreme court

where no appeal 74-7Jurisdiction, original of supreme court

Discovery 84a-3Evidence 84a-5Fact-finding 84a-4Other officers, appointment of 84a-6Pleadings and motions 84a-2Rules, Application of 84a-1

Juvenile matters appeals, in general, time for filing 35a-21,79-1Briefs 67-13, 79-5Confidentiality

Hearings 79-4Records and papers 79-3

Juvenile clerk, duties of 79-2Land use regulations

Copy to be filed with brief 81-6Statement as to applicable version 67-4, 67-5

Liberal interpretation of rules 60-1Memorandum of decision by trial court 64-1

Exceptions to requirement 64-2Inclusion in record 68-11

MotionsArticulation, motion for 66-5Costs, motion to reconsider 71-3Decisions on motions, notice of to be given by appellate

clerk 71-4Definition of motion 60-4Delaying commencement of appeal period 11-11, 63-1

(c) (1)Simultaneous filing of motions required 63-1 (e)

Dismiss, motion to 66-8Extension of time 66-1

Petitions for certification 81-5Filed after appeal that stays appeal period 63-1 (c)Filing procedures 66-3Form 66-2, 66-3Hearings on 66-4Memorandum in support or opposition 66-2Nonautomatic stay pending appeal, motion for 61-12Permission to appeal where all claims by or against party

not disposed of, motion for 61-4Rectification, motion for 66-5Review, motion for 66-6Review of decision on motion for articulation or rectifica-

tion 66-7Review of order concerning stay, motion for 61-14Terminate stay pending appeal, motion for 61-11Transfer from appellate court to supreme court 65-2

Nolo contendere, appeal from denial of motion to suppressor dismiss after conditional plea of 61-6 (a) (2)

Notice of intent to appeal 61-2, 61-5 (a)Failure to file, consequences 61-5 (b)Objection to deferral of appeal 61-5 (a)

490


APPELLATE PROCEDURE — (Cont)Opinions

Certified questions from federal courts, opinions on 82-5Official opinions contained in Connecticut Reports and

Connecticut Appellate Reports 71-4Reporter of judicial decisions to send copy to trial court

71-4Oral argument, assignment of cases for 69-2

Disposition of cases without argument, determination bycourt and notification of counsel 70-1

En banc consideration 70-7Order of argument 70-3Order of assignment for argument 69-3Points of argument 70-5Precedence of supreme and appellate court assignments

69-3Ready cases 69-2Rebuttal 70-5Reconsideration where court evenly divided 70-6Right to oral argument, and exceptions 70-1, 70-2Time allowed 70-4Who may argue 70-4

Orders, notice of to be given by appellate clerk 71-4Page limitations for briefs 67-3Papers

Additional papers to be filed with appeal 63-4 (a)Amendment 63-4 (b)

Certification 62-7Contents and form 62-6Copies, number of 62-7Filing and service 62-7Timely submission 62-7

Calculating time for filing 63-2Parties

Availability to of files, evidence and exhibits 62-10Change in, court where made 62-5

Perfection of record, motion to be filed in court having juris-diction of appeal 60-2

PetitionDefinition of petition 60-4Filing procedures 66-3Form of 66-2, 66-3Memorandum in support or opposition 66-2

Petitions for certificationFor review by appellate court, in general, filing 81-1

Extensions of time 81-5Filing appeal after certification 81-4Form of petition 81-2Opposition, statement in 81-3

For review by supreme court, in general 84-1Basis for 84-2Filing, fees, time to file 84-4

Extensions of time 84-7Form of petition 84-5Grant or denial of certification 84-8

Appellate rules, applicability of 84-12Filing appeal after certification granted 84-9, 84-11Record 84-10

Opposition, statement in 84-6Stay of execution 84-3Trial court ruling, copy of, when required 84-5Workers’ compensation cases 84-4

Petition for review of order concerning release on bail 78a-1Plain error review 60-5Plaintiff, reference to in brief 67-1

INDEX

APPELLATE PROCEDURE — (Cont)Preargument conferences 63-10

Preargument conference statement, filing with appeal 63-4 (a)Amendment 63-4 (b)

Preliminary statement of issues 63-4 (a)Amendment 63-4 (b)

Preservation of claims 60-5Probate judicial conduct, appeals from decisions of council

on, in general 75-1Appellate rules, applicability of 75-6Decision of council, statement of 75-4Fees, costs and security waived 75-3Papers to be filed 75-2Parties, proper form of reference 75-5

Publication of rules, effective date 86-1Ready cases

Assignment, generally 69-2Order of 69-3Precedence of supreme and appellate court assign-

ments 69-3Definition of 69-2Docket, printing and distribution 69-1

Reconsideration en banc 70-7Motion for 71-5Stay pending 71-6

RecordAdministrative agencies, record in appeals from 68-10Appellant to provide adequate record 60-5, 61-10Certification for review by supreme court, record on 84-10Consolidated or joint appeals 61-7Contents of 68-3Decision to be part of record 68-11Definition 61-10Evidence not to be included in 68-9Format 68-4More than one appeal 68-5Motion for perfection to be filed in court having jurisdiction

of appeal 60-2Pleadings to be included, preliminary designation with

appeal 63-4 (a)Amendment 63-4 (b)

Preparation of 68-2Same question in several cases 68-6Supplemental record following articulation or rectification

66-5Supplements, distribution by appellate clerk 68-8Time for filing 68-7Workers’ compensation appeals 76-3

Rectification, motion for 66-5Removal of files, records and exhibits 62-11Reporter of judicial decisions

Sending opinions to trial court 71-4Sending rescripts to trial court and appellate clerk 71-4

Rescripts, to be sent to trial court and appellate clerk 71-4Reservations 73-1

By compensation review board 76-5Review, motion for 66-6Review of order concerning stay 61-14Review of rectification or articulation 66-7Right to appeal 61-1

Reservation of on conditional plea of guilty or nolo conten-dere 61-6 (a) (2) (ii)

RulesChanges in, applicability to pending appeals 86-2Effective date 86-1Liberal interpretation 60-1

491


APPELLATE PROCEDURE — (Cont)Rules — (Cont)

Suspension of 60-3Sanctions

Actions subject to 85-2Diligence in prosecuting or defending appeal, sanctions

for 85-1Failure to comply with rule on appeal papers 63-4 (c)Procedure 85-3

Second appeal by appellant, treated as amended appeal61-9

Security for costs 63-5Waiver, civil cases 63-6Waiver, criminal cases 63-7

Service and filing, in general 62-7Sessions, scheduling by chief judge 62-1

Cameras and electronic media 70-9Special sessions of court 70-8Stay of briefing obligations 67-12Stay of execution pending appeal

Automatic stay, noncriminal cases 61-11 (a)Automatic stay not available, where 61-11 (b)

Certification for review by supreme court, stay pending84-3

Criminal cases, stays in 61-13Death penalty cases, stays in 61-15Discretionary stay, motion for 61-12Reconsideration, stay pending 71-6Review of order concerning stay 61-14Termination of stay 61-11 (c) and (d)United States Supreme Court, stay pending decision by

71-7Supervision of proceedings on appeal 60-2Supplemental authorities, citation after filing of brief 67-10Supplemental briefs, amended appeals 61-9Suspension of rules 60-3Taxation of costs 18-5, 71-2

Motion to reconsider 71-3Time

Briefs, time for filing 67-3Motion to stay briefing obligations 63-1 (d)

Calculation of 63-2Extension of 66-1Petitions for certification for review by appellate court 81-1

Extension of time 81-5Petitions for certification for review by supreme court 84-4

Extensions of time 84-7Transcript

Electronic 63-8AOrdering and filing 63-8Rectification, motion for 66-5Statement, filing with appeal 63-4 (a)

Amendment 63-4 (b)Statement that transcript not necessary, filing with appeal

63-4Transfer

Cases between supreme court and appellate court 65-1Motion for transfer from appellate court to supreme court

65-2Petition for review of order concerning release 65-3Wrong court, matters brought to 65-4

Trial court clerk, responsibilities 68-1Trial court decision, statement of 64-1

Copy of to accompany petition for certification, when 84-5Trial court docket, appealed cases to remain on 62-4Trial court files and motions, review of and participation in

by appellate counsel 62-8, 62-10

INDEX

APPELLATE PROCEDURE — (Cont)United States Supreme Court, stay pending decision by 71-7Unreported decisions, citation of 67-9Waiver of fees, costs and security

Civil cases 63-6Criminal cases 63-7

Withdrawal of appeal or writ of error 63-9Withdrawal of appearance 62-9Workers’ compensation appeals

Applicability of appellate rules 76-1Case file, exhibits 76-3Definitions 76-6Fees and costs 76-4Filing appeal 76-2Petitions for certification 84-4Reservation of case for appellate decision 76-5

Writ of error, in general 72-1Appellate rules, applicability of 72-4Copy of record not to be taxed in costs 18-6Form of 72-2Procedure applicable 72-3Withdrawal 63-9

Wrong court, transfer of matters brought to 65-4

APPLICATIONSSee MOTIONS, APPLICATIONS AND REQUESTS,

CIVIL, MISCELLANEOUS

APPRAISERSSee generally RECEIVERS

ARBITRATIONApproval of arbitrators by chief court administrator 23-60Confirming, correcting or vacating award 23-1Decision of arbitrator 23-64

As judgment 23-66Disqualification of arbitrators 23-62Failure to appear at hearing 23-65Fee arbitration, order by statewide grievance committee

2-37Hearing in 23-63

Failure to appear at hearing 23-65Referral to arbitrators 23-61Selection of arbitrators 23-62Trial de novo, claim for 23-66

ARGUMENT BY COUNSELGenerally 15-5, 15-6; see also APPELLATE PROCE-

DURE, Oral argumentArgument on interlocutory questions during trial 5-5Time limit 15-7

Criminal cases 42-37

ARREST AND PRELIMINARY CRIMINAL PROCEDURESee also APPEARANCE AND ARRAIGNMENT—CRIM-

INAL MATTERS; CRIMINAL PROCEDURE, Bail;Bond; Pleas

By warrant, issuance 36-1Affidavit supporting warrant application 36-2Cancellation of warrant 36-6Contents of warrant 36-3Execution and return of warrant 36-5

Information and complaint, use 36-11Amendments, minor defects 36-16

Continuance necessitated by amendment 36-20Essential facts, request by defendant for 36-19Substantive amendment after trial commenced 36-18Substantive amendment before trial 36-17

492


ARREST AND PRELIMINARY CRIMINAL PROCEDURE —(Cont)Information and complaint, use 36-11 — (Cont)

Filing and availability of information 36-15Former conviction in information 36-14

Election of jury trial 42-2Plea to 37-10

Form of information 36-13Issuance of information 36-12

JoinderDefendants 36-22Offenses 36-21

Summons, form of summons and complaint 36-7Direction by judicial authority for use of 36-4Failure to respond to 36-10In lieu of arrest warrant 36-12Service of 36-9

ARREST OF JUDGMENTMotion in arrest of judgment 16-35

ASSIGNMENT FOR TRIAL—CIVILSee generally Chapter 14; see also EXPEDITED PRO-

CESS CASES; TRIALS IN GENERALAdministrative appeals

Briefing schedule 14-7Civil rules, applicability of 14-6Definition 14-5

Appellate court arguments, precedence of 1-2, 69-3Assignment for trial, in general 14-15

Counsel, availability of 14-25Methods of assigning 14-16

BankruptcyClaim for exemption from docket management program

14-2Claim for statutory exemption or stay 14-1

Case records, maintenance of 14-4Clerk, communication with counsel to ensure sufficient busi-

ness 14-21Continuance or postponement, motion for 14-23

Absent witness, missing evidence 14-24Counsel, availability of 14-25Dismissal, lack of diligence 14-3Family matters 25-48

Case management 25-5, 25-50Garnishee, assignment on motion of 14-22Immediate trial 14-17Jury assignments to have precedence over court assign-

ments 14-25Jury, claims for 14-10Order of trial 14-20Pleadings closed, certification 14-8Pretrial, assignment for 14-11

Orders at 14-14Pretrial procedure 14-13When case not disposed of at 14-12

Privileged cases 14-9Supreme court arguments, precedence of 1-2, 69-3Unemployment compensation appeals 22-2

ATTORNEYSGenerally Chapter 2

Admission to practiceBy superior court 2-10Certification of recommended applicants 2-9Conditions of admission by superior court 2-9, 2-11

Appeal from decision of bar examining committee con-cerning 2-11A

INDEX

ATTORNEYS — (Cont)Admission to practice — (Cont)

Monitoring compliance with 2-11Removal or modification of 2-11

County committees on recommendations for admission2-12

County court designations 2-1Examining committee

Examination of candidates 2-5Personnel of 2-6Records of 2-4ARegulations by 2-4

Fees for admission, disposition of 2-22Foreign legal consultants

Affiliation of with Connecticut bar 2-21Disciplinary provisions regarding 2-20Filings to become 2-18Scope of practice of 2-19

Number of times applicant may take examination 2-7Other jurisdictions, attorneys of, qualifications and

requirements for admission 2-13Action by bar

Permanent license 2-15Temporary license 2-14

Pro hac vice appearance 2-16Qualifications for admission 2-8Superior court, admission by 2-10Superior court, admission by with conditions 2-11

Advertising, Mandatory Filing 2-28AAdvisory Opinions 2-28B

Appeal from decision of statewide grievance committee 2-38Appearance, see APPEARANCES—IN GENERALAppointment of counsel

Criminal cases in general 44-1, 44-2; see also CRIMINALPROCEDURE, Counsel

Family matters, motion for 25-24Juvenile matters appeals 35-4; see also JUVENILE MAT-

TERS, AttorneyAttorney trial referee, reference to 19-2A

Time to file report 19-4Authorized house counsel 2-15ABank and trust companies, payment of attorneys by 2-67Chief disciplinary counsel 2-34AClient funds, fiduciary accounts, overdraft notification 2-27,

2-28Audits and inspections, trust accounts 2-27Notice of alleged misuse of 2-43Registration 2-27

Client security fund 2-68Annual fee, assessment, exemption, failure to pay 2-70

Enforcement of payment 2-79Claims

Attorney’s fee for prosecuting 2-77Confidentiality 2-76Reimbursement, eligibility for 2-71

CommitteeAction by 2-72Appointment of members 2-72Claims processing 2-75Confidentiality 2-76Duties and powers 2-73Operation 2-72Rules and regulations 2-74Status of fund, review by committee 2-77Subrogation to rights of claimant 2-81

493


ATTORNEYS — (Cont)Crisis intervention and referral assistance 2-68, 2-68A, 2-

70, 2-77Dishonest conduct, defined 2-69Restitution to fund by attorney 2-80Subrogation of committee to rights of claimant 2-81

Complaints against attorney, filing, time, action on 2-32Counsel

Criminal cases, appointment 44-1, 44-2; see also CRIMI-NAL PROCEDURE, Counsel

Family contempt, right to 25-63Waiver 25-64

Family matters, motion for appointment 25-24Fees, motion for in family matters 25-24Juvenile matters appeals, appointment 35a-21; see also

JUVENILE MATTERS, AttorneyPaternity actions, right to 25-68

Counsel of record, appeals, definition 60-4Court officials, practice by 2-66Disciplinary counsel 2-34ADiscipline, see also Grievances, this title

Admission of misconduct 2-82Alleged misuse of clients’ funds, notice 2-43Appeal from decision of statewide grievance committee

2-38Appointment of attorney to protect clients’ and attorney’s

interests 2-64Attorneys convicted of felony and other matters in Con-

necticut 2-40Attorneys convicted of felony and other matters in another

jurisdiction 2-41Costs and expenses 2-51Discipline by consent 2-82Foreign legal consultants 2-20Inactive status 2-56

Appointment of attorney to protect interests 2-64Burden of proof 2-61Disability claimed during course of disciplinary proceed-

ing 2-59No prior determination of incompetency or involuntary

commitment 2-58Prior judicial determination of incompetency or involun-

tary commitment 2-57Reinstatement upon termination of disability 2-60

Waiver of doctor-patient privilege upon applicationfor 2-62

Interim suspension, conduct constituting threat of harmto clients 2-42

Misappropriation of funds, disbarment for 2-47ANotice of inactive status, reprimand, suspension, disbar-

ment, publication of 2-54Presentments 2-47

Prosecution of 2-48Reciprocal discipline 2-39Reinstatement of attorney after suspension, disbarment

or resignation 2-53Resignation of attorney 2-52Restitution 2-49Sanctions of reprimand, suspension, disbarment, publica-

tion of notice of 2-54Superior court, power to discipline attorneys 2-44

Cause occurring in presence of court 2-45Suspension, violation of support orders 2-46Unauthorized practice of law, power of court to restrain

2-44Petitions 2-47

Dishonest conduct, defined, client security fund 2-69

INDEX

ATTORNEYS — (Cont)Felony

Connecticut conviction 2-40Conviction elsewhere 2-41

Foreign legal consultants 2-17—2-21Good standing of attorney 2-65Grievances

See also Discipline, this titleBar counsel, statewide 2-34Complaints against attorneys, filing, action on 2-32Disciplinary counsel 2-34AGrievance committee, statewide 2-33

Action by on request for review 2-36Action by or by reviewing committee 2-35Appeal from decision by 2-38Sanctions that may be imposed by 2-37

Grievance panels 2-29Counsel for panels and investigators 2-30Grievance counsel, duties and powers 2-31

House counsel, authorized 2-15AJuvenile matters, see JUVENILE MATTERS, AttorneyLegal interns, see LEGAL INTERNSNotices

Admission in other jurisdiction 2-24Alleged misuse of clients funds 2-43Change in address 2-26Disciplinary action in other jurisdiction 2-25Disciplinary sanctions, miscellaneous 2-54

Payment by bank and trust companies 2-67Practice of law, definition 2-44APro hac vice appearance 2-16Reciprocal discipline 2-39Reciprocity 2-13Records

Statewide grievance committee, reviewing committee andgrievance panel 2-50

Reinstatement after suspension, disbarment or resignation2-53

Resignation of attorney 2-52Retirement of attorney 2-55Roll of attorneys 2-23Statewide bar counsel 2-34Unauthorized practice of law, power of court to restrain 2-44

Petitions 2-47

BAILSee also CRIMINAL PROCEDURE, Bond

Appearance for bail hearing 3-6Cash bail where bond allowed 38-7

Ten percent cash bail 38-8Pretrial release by bail commissioner 38-3Review of orders concerning release on bail

Petition for review of order concerning release on bail78a-1

BANKRUPTCYClaim for exemption from docket management program 14-2Claim for statutory exemption or stay 14-1Notification of appellate clerk of petition and of resolution

61-16

BAR, ADMISSION TOSee ATTORNEYS, Admission to Practice

BILL OF PARTICULARS 41-20—41-22

494


BONDSee CIVIL ACTIONS, Commencement of Action;

CRIMINAL PROCEDURE; RECEIVERS

BRIEFSSee also APPELLATE PROCEDURE

Trial briefs 5-1Page limitations 4-6

CAMERAS IN COURTROOMSee MEDIA

CELLULAR TELEPHONES IN COURTROOMSee MEDIA

CENTRALIZED INFRACTIONS BUREAUSee INFRACTIONS

CERTIFICATION FOR REVIEWSee APPELLATE PROCEDURE, Petitions for certifi-

cation

CERTIFIED QUESTIONS TO OR FROM COURTS OFOTHER JURISDICTIONSBriefs and argument 82-6Certification of questions from other courts 82-1Certification of questions to other courts 82-8Certification requests, contents of 82-3

Preparation of 82-4Docketing after preliminary acceptance 82-5Fees and costs 82-5Opinions on 82-7

CHAMBERS, HEARINGS INSee generally HEARINGS

CHILD PROTECTIONSee generally JUVENILE MATTERS

CHILD SUPPORTSee FAMILY MATTERS

CITATIONS IN BRIEFSSee APPELLATE PROCEDURE

CIVIL ACTIONSSee also FAMILY MATTERS; SMALL CLAIMS

Appearance, see APPEARANCES—IN GENERALArbitration, see ARBITRATIONArgument by counsel, generally 15-5, 15-6

Argument on interlocutory questions during trial 5-5Time limit 15-7

Assignment lists, dockets, pretrials and trial listsAdministrative appeals

Briefing schedule 14-7Civil rules, applicability of 14-6Definition 14-5Zoning and Inland Wetlands appeals, withdrawal or

settlement of 14-7AAssignment for trial, in general 14-15

Clerk, communication with counsel to ensure sufficientbusiness 14-21

Counsel, availability of 14-25Immediate trial 14-17Jury trial to have precedence over court trial 14-25Methods of assigning 14-16Motion of garnishee, assignment on 14-22Order of trial 14-20

INDEX

CIVIL ACTIONS — (Cont)Assignment lists, dockets, pretrials and trial lists — (Cont)

BankruptcyClaim for exemption from docket management program

14-2Claim for statutory exemption or stay 14-1

Case records, maintenance of 14-4Continuance or postponement, motion for 14-23

Absent witness, missing evidence 14-24Counsel, availability of 14-25Dismissal, lack of diligence 14-3Jury assignments to have precedence over court assign-

ments 14-25Jury, claims for 14-10Pretrial, assignment for 14-11


Privileged cases 14-9Cameras in courtroom, see MEDIAChambers, hearings in, see Hearings in chambers, this titleClass actions, see CLASS ACTIONSClosure of court to public and media 11-20

Expedited review of order 77-1Commencement of action

See also PLEADINGS—CIVIL ACTIONSBond

By nonresident in realty action 8-9For prosecution 8-3In action against community 8-8Ordered by judicial authority 8-6Remedy for failure to give 8-5Renewal of 8-12Request to furnish 8-7Surety company bond acceptable 8-10

Certification of financial responsibility 8-4Court fees and costs, waiver of 8-2Mesne process 8-1Probate bond, action on 8-11

Consolidation of actions for trial 9-5Contempt, civil 1-21A

Review of 23-20Continuances

Absent or nonresident defendant 9-1Garnishee not appearing to defend 9-2Small claims 11-16

Decision, statement of by judicial authority, when required6-1, 64-1, 64-2

Discovery and depositionsAdmission of facts and execution of writings, requests for

admission 13-22Answers and objections to requests for admission

13-23Effect of admission 13-24Expenses on failure to admit 13-25

Definitions 13-1Depositions, in general 13-26

Deposition procedure 13-30Notice of deposition

Deposition of organization, production of documentsand materials 13-27

General requirements, special notice, nonsteno-graphic recording 13-27

Persons before whom deposition taken, subpoenas13-28

Place of deposition 13-29Remote electronic means of taking 13-30

495


CIVIL ACTIONS — (Cont)Discovery and depositions — (Cont)

Use of depositions in court proceedings 13-31Disclosure

Amount and provisions of insurance liability policy13-12

Assets, where prejudgment remedy sought 13-13Before court or committee 13-17Continuing duty to disclose 13-15Defense 13-19In equity 13-18Order limiting, expedited review 77-1

DiscoveryHealth information, motion for authorization to obtain

protected 13-9, 13-11AOutside the United States 13-21Scope, in general 13-2

Experts 13-4Materials prepared in anticipation of litigation, state-

ments of parties 13-3Protective order 13-5

Sought by judgment creditor 13-20Duty to disclose, continuing 13-15Interrogatories, in general 13-6

Answers to 13-7Objections to 13-8

Order for compliance, failure to answer or comply withorder 13-14

Orders by judge 13-16Requests for admission 13-22

Answers and objections to 13-23Requests for production, inspection and examination, in

general 13-9Physical or mental examination 13-11Responses to requests for production, objections 13-10

Stipulations regarding discovery and deposition proce-dure 13-32

Subpoenas 13-28Subpoena duces tecum 13-27

Dismiss, motion to 10-30—10-34Dissolution of marriage or civil union, legal separation,

annulment, see FAMILY MATTERSDockets, see Assignment lists, dockets, pretrials and trial

lists, this titleElectronic filing 4-4Evidence

Exceptions not required 5-7Exhibits, marking 5-7Interlocutory matters, address by counsel 5-5, 5-8Medical evidence 15-4Motion in limine 15-3Objections, reasons for 5-5

Reception of evidence objected to 5-6Opinions not officially published, citation of 5-9Prima facie case, dismissal for failure to make 15-8Witnesses, examination of 5-4

Oath, administration of 5-3Expedited cases, see EXPEDITED PROCESS CASESExperts, see EXPERT WITNESSESFact-finding

Action by judicial authority on finding of facts 23-58Appointment of fact finders by chief court administrator

23-52Referral of cases to 23-53Selection of, disqualification 23-54

Committees and referees, see REFERENCESFailure to appear at hearing 23-59

INDEX

CIVIL ACTIONS — (Cont)Fact-finding — (Cont)

Finding of facts 23-56Action on by judicial authority 23-58Objections to acceptance of 23-57

Hearing in 23-55Failure to appear at hearing 23-59

Fees and costsCosts

For Exhibits 18-18Interest and costs unnecessary to claim 10-28On appeal from commissioners 18-2On complaint and counterclaim 18-16On counterclaim 18-17On creditor’s appeal 18-3On interlocutory proceedings 18-7On writ of error 18-6Several defendants 18-13Taxation of, appeal 18-5Where both legal and equitable issues 18-15Where several issues 18-12

Court expenses, vouchers for 18-1Eminent domain, clerk’s fees 18-4Fees and costs, where plaintiffs join or actions consoli-

dated 18-14Jury fee, where more than one trial 18-8Proceedings before judge, no costs 18-19Witness fees

In several suits 18-10Nonresident witnesses 18-9Witness not called 18-11

Files and documents, sealing 11-20Expedited review of order 77-1

Foreclosures, see FORECLOSUREHabeas, see HABEAS CORPUSHearings in chambers

Certifying proceedings to court 20-2Contested matters, procedure in 20-1Papers

Cause affecting land 20-5Clerk designated by judge to take 20-6Trial before judge, lodging papers and file 20-4

Transfer of hearings before judges 20-3Identification of cases 7-4AInteractive audiovisual device, appearance by means of

23-68Interest and costs unnecessary to claim 10-28Jury trials, see JURIES—CIVILLodging record 7-4CMedia coverage of court proceedings, see MEDIAMemorandum of decision by trial court 6-1, 64-1, 64-2Mesne process 8-1Motions, applications and requests, miscellaneous

Appeal period, motions that delay 11-11Argument of motions 11-18Cite in new parties, motion to 9-22Definition of 11-2Dismiss, motion to 10-30—10-34

Dismissal for lack of diligence 14-3Exclusion of public, sealing documents, motion for 11-20Form of 11-1Limine, motion in 15-3Memorandum of law required 11-10Misjoinder and nonjoinder of parties, motion to strike for

11-3New trial 17-4AOrder of notice, applications for 11-4

496


CIVIL ACTIONS — (Cont)Motions, applications and requests, miscellaneous — (Cont)

Previous motions and applications, disclosure of 11-9Reargue, motion to 11-12Request to revise 10-35

Granting of and objection to 10-37Reasons in 10-36Waiver of further pleading revisions 10-38

Sealing documents, motion for 11-20File record under seal 7-4B

Strike, motion to 10-39—10-45Municipal officers, action to enforce bond to 9-25Orders of notice

Applications for 11-4Attestation, publication, proof of compliance 11-7Continuance, subsequent orders of 11-5Directed outside United States 11-8Publication, notice by 11-6

PartiesSee also JOINDER

Addition or substitution of 9-18Motion to cite in new parties 9-22

Class actions 9-7, 9-8Adequate representation, orders to ensure 9-10Dismissal or compromise 9-9

Fiduciaries 9-11Parents as necessary parties in minor’s name change

action 9-24Real party in interest 9-23Substituted plaintiff 9-20Third parties affected by counterclaim 9-21

Pleadings, see PLEADINGS—CIVIL ACTIONSPretrial, assignment for 14-11


Public, exclusion of from court 11-20Expedited review of order 77-1

References, see REFERENCESSealing files and documents 11-20A

Motion to file record under seal 7-4BLodging record 7-4C

Short calendar, generally 11-13Assignments automatic 11-15Continuances 11-16Frequency, time of sessions, lists 11-14Oral argument 11-18Time limit for deciding matters 11-19Transfers 11-17

Small claims, see SMALL CLAIMSTransfer of actions 12-1—12-3Trial lists, see Assignment lists, dockets, pretrials and trial

lists, this titleTrials in general

See also ASSIGNMENT FOR TRIAL—CIVIL; EVI-DENCE; JURIES

Briefs 5-1Counsel

Argument by 15-5—15-7Failure to appear by, sanctions 5-10

New trial, motion for 17-4AOrder of parties proceeding 15-5Order of trial of issues 15-1Question of law that may be subject of appeal, raising 5-2Separate trials 15-2

Verdicts, see VERDICTS

INDEX

CIVIL UNIONSSee FAMILY MATTERS

CLASS ACTIONSGenerally 9-7, 9-8

Adequate representation, orders to ensure 9-10Dismissal or compromise 9-9

CLERKSAppellate clerk, see APPELLATE PROCEDURECase records, maintenance of 14-4Custody of files 7-7Daybooks to be kept by 7-4Documents, prerequisites for filing with clerks 7-6Duties of, generally 7-2Electronic filings 4-4Exhibits, removal from clerk’s office or destruction on deter-

mination of case 7-21Files and records of cases to be kept by 7-1

Destruction of files 7-10Motion to prevent 7-16

Retention and stripping of files, schedule 7-11Adult probation and family division, reports from 7-14Criminal actions, records and files in 7-13Title to land, files in actions affecting 7-12Transfer to records center or state library 7-15

Financial accounts to be kept 7-3Hospital, medical and psychiatric records, prerequisites for

filing with clerk 7-18Hours of offices 7-17Judgment files, see JUDGMENTSLost files or pleadings 7-8Notice of judgments and rulings to be given counsel and

pro se parties 7-5Offices, hours of 7-17Prerequisites for filing papers and documents 7-6Responsibilities after appeal filed 68-1Short calendar matters, records of 7-20Subpoena, issuing for pro se parties 7-19

CLIENT SECURITY FUNDSee ATTORNEYS

COLLATERAL SOURCEReduction of verdict, motion for 16-35

COMMITTEES AND REFEREESSee REFERENCES

COMPUTERS, PORTABLE IN COURTROOMSee MEDIA

CONNECTICUT LAW JOURNALAppellate opinions and orders, date of 71-1Attorneys, inactive status, reprimand, suspension, disbar-

ment, publication of notice of 2-54Rules of court, publication of 1-9, 86-1

CONNECTICUT REPORTS AND CONNECTICUT APPEL-LATE REPORTSOfficial appellate opinions contained in 71-4

CONSOLIDATION OF ACTIONS FOR TRIAL 9-5

CONTEMPTGenerally 1-13A

Civil 1-21AReview of 23-20

497


CONTEMPT — (Cont)Criminal 1-14

Deferral of proceedings 1-17Disqualification of judicial authority, nonsummary pro-

ceedings 1-19Judgment, nonsummary proceedings 1-21Jury trial, right to in nonsummary proceedings 1-20Nonsummary proceedings 1-18Summary proceedings 1-16

Family matters, motion for 25-27Right to counsel 25-63

Waiver 25-64

CONTINUANCESAbsent or nonresident defendant 9-1Garnishee not appearing to defend 9-2Small claims 11-16Subsequent orders of notice 11-5

COSTSSee APPELLATE PROCEDURE; FEES AND COSTS

COUNSELSee ATTORNEYS

COURT CLOSURECivil proceedings 11-20Criminal trials 42-49Expedited review of order 77-1Family matters 25-59

CRIMINAL CONTEMPTSee CONTEMPT

CRIMINAL PROCEDUREAccelerated pretrial rehabilitation without trial 39-33Acquittal

Judgment of following guilty verdict 42-51Motion for directed verdict of abolished 42-40Motion for judgment of 42-40

After guilty verdict 42-51After mistrial 42-50At close of evidence, reservation of decision on 42-42At close of prosecution’s case 42-41Time limit for filing 42-52

Release pending appeal by state from judgment of 43-1Adult probation, commitment to of drug-dependent defend-

ant without trial 39-33Alcohol education and treatment, commitment to without

trial 39-33Alibi defense 40-21—40-25Alternate incarceration program

Order for assessment for placement in, following convic-tion 43-3Assessment report not public record 43-9Copying assessment report prohibited 43-8Defense counsel, participation in 43-5Disclosure of assessment report 43-9Persons receiving assessment report 43-7Scope of assessment 43-4Time to complete 43-6Use of assessment report 43-9

Reference to without trial 39-33Appeal, see also APPELLATE PROCEDURE

Appellate counselHybrid representation prohibited 62-9ARemoval or substitution of 62-9A

Indigent defendant, appointment of counsel, waiver offees and costs 43-33

INDEX

CRIMINAL PROCEDURE — (Cont)Appeal, see also APPELLATE PROCEDURE — (Cont)

Frivolous appeal, request by counsel to withdraw 43-34—43-38

Interlocutory ruling, appeal from 61-6 (c)Notice of appeal rights 43-30Release from custody pending 43-1, 43-2State, appeal by 61-6 (b)Stay of imprisonment pending 43-31Stay of probation pending 43-32

Appearance and arraignmentSee also APPEARANCES—IN GENERAL; Bail, this

title; Pretrial release, this titleAppearance after pretrial release 38-6Arraignment, timing 37-1

Constitutional rights, advisement of 37-3, 37-4Indigency, investigation of 37-5Information and materials to be provided to defendant

37-2Public defender, appointment 37-6

Reference to, investigation of indigency 37-5Detention prior to arraignment, trial, sentencing, limit on

38-18Disposition conference 39-11—39-17Dispositions without trial, miscellaneous 39-33Media coverage of arraignments 1-11ANolle prosequi, see Nolle prosequi, this titlePlea, see Pleas, this titleProbable cause, determination of where defendant in cus-

tody 37-12Arrest and preliminary procedure

See also Bail, this title; Pretrial release, this titleBy warrant, issuance 36-1

Affidavit in support of warrant application 36-2Sealing 36-2

Cancellation of warrant 36-6Contents of warrant 36-3Execution and return of warrant 36-5

Information and complaint, use 36-11Amendments, minor defects 36-16

Continuance necessitated by amendment 36-20Essential facts, request by defendant for 36-19Substantive amendment after trial commenced 36-18Substantive amendment before trial 36-17

Filing and availability of information 36-15Former conviction in information 36-14

Election of jury trial 42-2Plea to 37-10

Form of information 36-13Issuance of information 36-12

JoinderDefendants 36-22Offenses 36-21

Summons, form of summons and complaint 36-7Direction by judicial authority for use of 36-4Failure to respond to 36-10In lieu of arrest warrant 36-12Service of 36-9

Arrest of judgment, motion 42-54Assignment and scheduling of cases, in general 44-11,

44-12Continuances 44-13, 44-18Disposition conference, assignment for 44-15Plea, assignment for 44-14Preliminary proceedings, continuances 44-13Trial, assignment for 44-15

Motion to advance 44-17

498


CRIMINAL PROCEDURE — (Cont)Assignment and scheduling of cases, in general 44-11, 44-

12 — (Cont)Order of trial assignments, priorities 44-16

BailSee also Bond, this title; Pretrial release, this title

Cash, where bond allowed 38-7For release pending appeal of conviction 43-2Petition for review of order concerning release on bail

78a-1Ten percent cash bail 38-8

Bill of particulars, motion for 41-20Amended or substitute information incorporating bill 41-22Content 1-21

BondSee also Pretrial release, this title

As condition of release pending appeal of conviction 43-2Attorney not to give bond 38-12Cash bail in amount of 38-7Forfeiture on violations of release, issuance of rearrest

warrant or capias 38-21Rebate to surety after forfeiture 38-22

Modification, motion for 38-14Real property pledge in lieu of cash bond 38-9

As condition of release pending appeal of conviction43-2

Rebate to surety after forfeiture 38-22Surety, discharge of 38-23Ten percent cash bail 38-8

Capias forDefendant unexcused from trial or sentencing 44-9Failure to appear for deposition 40-45Hearing to review conditions of release 38-15, 38-16Violation of bond or promise to appear 38-21

Closure of court 42-49Expedited review of order 77-1

Commissioner of mental health, commitment to without trial39-33

Community service labor program, reference to without trial39-33

Complaint, see Arrest and preliminary procedure, this titleConsolidation of informations for trial 41-19Counsel, representation by

Appeal by indigent defendant 43-33Frivolous appeal, request by counsel to withdraw 43-

34—43-38Appellate counsel 62-9AAppointed counsel, right to in general 44-1, 44-2Public defender, reference at arraignment 37-5, 37-6Waiver of right to counsel 44-3

Standby counsel, appointment and role 44-4—44-6Crime, defined 44-37Custody, see Release, this titleDecision, statement of by judicial authority, when required

6-1, 64-1, 64-2Defense, alibi 40-1—40-25Definitions 44-37Depositions, in general, grounds 40-44; see also Discovery,

this titleDefendant, right to be present and represented 40-54

Waiver of right 40-55Expenses of 40-58Failure to appear for, capias 40-45Manner of taking 40-49, 40-57Notice of 40-47Objections during 40-49Person taking deposition 40-47

INDEX

CRIMINAL PROCEDURE — (Cont)Depositions, in general, grounds 40-44; see also Discovery,

this title — (Cont)Protective order concerning 40-48

During examination 40-52Return of, depositions to be sealed 40-53Right of defendant to be present 40-54

Waiver of right 40-55Scope of examination 40-50Unavailable deponent, defined 40-56Use of 40-46, 40-57

Detention prior to arraignment, trial, sentencing, limit on38-18

Discovery, in general 40-1; see also Depositions, this titleAdmissibility of defendant’s intent to offer evidence or call

witness 40-30Alibi defense, required notices concerning 40-21—40-23

Exceptions 40-24Withdrawn alibi not admissible 40-25

Continuing duty to disclose 40-3Custody of materials 40-10Defendant’s duty, materials discoverable by prosecution

as of right 40-26Derivative materials, disclosure to defendant 40-28Discretionary disclosure by 40-27Materials excepted from disclosure 40-31Protective orders, for defendant 40-29

Documents or objects, subpoenas for 40-2Failure to comply 40-5Mental disease or defect or extreme emotional distur-

bance, disclosure of defense of 40-17Expert testimony concerning, disclosure by defendant

of intent to use 40-18Failure of expert to submit report 40-20Psychiatric examination, prosecutorial motion for 40-19

Nontestimonial evidence, obtaining from defendant 40-32Comparison of 40-39Emergency procedure for 40-33Motion for, by defendant 40-38Order for, scope 40-34

Contents 40-35Implementation 40-37Service 40-36

Objection to disclosure 40-8Performance 40-6Procedure 40-7Prosecuting authority’s duty, materials discoverable by

defendant as of right 40-11Discretionary disclosure by 40-12Materials excepted from disclosure 40-14

Protective orders 40-29, 40-40Factors to be considered 40-41In camera proceedings on motion for 40-42, 40-43

Excision as relief, record of 40-43Requests and motions 40-4Scientific tests and experiments 40-9Statements 40-15, 40-16Subpoenas for documents or objects 40-2Witnesses, information concerning and statements by

40-13Dismiss, motion to, see Motion to dismiss, this titleDisposition conference 39-11—39-17Docketing, see Assignment and scheduling of cases, this

titleElectronic filing 4-4Family relations division, reference to without trial 39-33

499


CRIMINAL PROCEDURE — (Cont)Fees

Extradition, officer’s fees 44-35Subpoenas, return of 44-32Witnesses, travel fees 44-34

Indigent witnesses, transportation and support 44-33Felony, defined 44-37Files and documents, sealing 42-49AFinding of guilty or not guilty by judicial authority 42-34Fines

Ability to pay, inquiry by judicial authority concerning43-17

Incarceration for wilful nonpayment 43-18Release on payment 43-19

Mittimus where sentence includes fine as well as impris-onment 43-20

Guardian ad litem, appointment 44-20Identification of cases 7-4AIncarceration

Correction of illegal sentence 43-22For wilful nonpayment of fine 43-18

Release on payment 43-19Inquiry by judicial authority concerning ability to pay fine

43-17Mittimus where sentence includes fine as well as impris-

onment 43-20Reduction of definite sentence 43-21Release pending appeal 43-1Stay of imprisonment pending appeal 43-31

Information, see Arrest and preliminary procedure, this titleInfraction, defined 44-37

See INFRACTIONSInteractive audiovisual device, presence of incarcerated

defendant by means of 44-10, 44-10AJoinder

Defendants 36-22Offenses 36-21

Severance 41-18Joint trial of two or more informations 41-19Judge trial referee, reference to 44-19Judgment, motion in arrest of 42-56Judicial authority, determination of guilt where no jury 42-43Jury trials, right to and waiver 42-1

Array, challenge to 42-4Cause, excuse of juror for 42-11Charge, see Instructions, this titleCommunications

Judicial authority and jurors 42-7Parties and jurors 42-8

Deliberations 42-21Deadlocked jury 42-28Testimony, request by jury for review of 42-26

Disqualification of jurors 42-5Hearing impaired jurors, interpreters 42-10Information, exhibits, copy or tape of instructions to be

submitted to jury 42-23Instructions, conference with counsel concerning sub-

stance 42-19Additional instructions 42-25

Jury’s request for 42-27Clarification or modification 42-24

Jury selection, preliminary proceedings 42-11Peremptory challenges 42-13Voir dire 42-12

Note taking by jurors 42-9Oath and admonitions to jurors 42-14Questions by jurors 42-9

INDEX

CRIMINAL PROCEDURE — (Cont)Jury trials, right to and waiver 42-1 — (Cont)

Questions of fact, jury to decide 42-20Requests to charge and exceptions 42-16

Filing 42-17Form and contents 42-18

Selection of jurors, preliminary proceedings 42-11Peremptory challenges 42-13Voir dire 42-12

Sequestration 42-22Size of jury, election by defendant 42-3Testimony, request by jury for review of 42-26Two part information 42-2Verdict, see VERDICTViewing of place or thing by jury 42-6Voir dire of jurors 42-12

Law enforcement officer, defined 44-37Limine, motion in 42-15Media coverage of criminal proceedings 1-11, 1-11CMemorandum of decision by trial court 6-1, 64-1Misdemeanor, defined 44-37Mistrial, for prejudice to defendant 42-43

For prejudice to prosecution 42-44Mittimus, where sentence includes fine as well as imprison-

ment 43-20Motion for acquittal, see Acquittal, this titleMotion for mistrial, see Mistrial, this titleMotion for new trial, see New trial, this titleMotion in arrest of judgment 42-56Motion in limine 42-15Motions and requests, pretrial, in general 41-1, 41-2

Form and manner of making 41-6Hearings and rulings 41-7List of motions 41-3Speedy trial 43-41Time to make, waiver 41-4, 41-5

Motion to dismiss, matters to be raised by 41-8Appeal from denial of after conditional plea of nolo conten-

dere 61-6 (a) (2) (i)Defects not requiring dismissal 41-10

Remedies for 41-11Restrictions on 41-9

Motion to suppress 41-12Appeal from denial of after conditional plea of nolo conten-

dere 61-6 (a) (2) (i)Intercepted communications 41-14Judicial authority, when disqualified from hearing 41-17Seized property, return and suppression 41-13, 41-16Time to file 41-15

New trial, motion for 42-53Time for filing 42-54

Where based on newly discovered evidence 42-55Nolle prosequi 39-29

Dismissal of information or complaint 39-32Effect of 39-31Objection by defendant 39-30

Offense, defined 44-37Order of parties at trial 42-35

Of defendants where two or more 42-38Pleas, in general 37-7

Agreements, conditional pleas of guilty or nolo contendere39-5Alternative dispositions recommended by prosecuting

authority 39-6Appeal from denial of motion to dismiss or to suppress

61-6 (a) (2) (i)Disclosure to judicial authority 39-7

500


CRIMINAL PROCEDURE — (Cont)Pleas, in general 37-7 — (Cont)

Rejection by judicial authority 39-10Reservation of right to appeal 61-6 (a) (2) (ii)Sentencing 39-8, 39-9

Discussions, procedure for in general 39-1Defendant represented by counsel or not 39-2Defense counsel, role in plea agreements 39-3Subject matter 38-4

Guilty or nolo contendere 37-8, 39-18Acceptance and canvass of defendant by judicial

authority 39-19—39-21Conditional pleas of 39-5Other offenses, pleading to after finding of guilty 39-22Record of proceedings 39-24Rejected plea inadmissible 39-35Sentencing, see Sentencing, this titleWithdrawal of plea 39-26—39-28

Nolle prosequi 39-29Dismissal of information or complaint 39-32Effect of 39-31Objection by defendant 39-30

Not guilty 37-9Two part information charging former conviction 37-10,

37-11, 39-23Election of jury trial on second part 42-2

Presence of defendant at arraignment, plea, evidentiaryhearings, trial and sentencing 44-7Trial and sentencing, when presence not required 44-8

Other exceptions 44-10Unexcused defendant, capias 44-9

Presence of incarcerated defendant by interactive audiovi-sual device 44-10, 44-10A

Presentence investigation and report 43-3Copying report prohibited 43-8Defense counsel, participation in 43-5

Familiarization of with report and correction of reportat sentencing 43-13, 43-14

Disclosure of report 43-9Persons receiving report 43-7Report not public record 43-9Scope 43-4Time to complete 43-6Use of report 43-9Waiver by defendant 43-3

Pretrial motions in general 41-1, 41-2Form and manner of making 41-6Hearings and rulings 41-7List of motions 41-3Time to make, waiver 41-4, 41-5

Pretrial releaseBy bail commissioner, conditions 38-3By clerk, procedure 38-1By correction officials 38-5By judicial authority, conditions 38-4(a)

Factors to be considered 38-4 (b)Statement of reasons for conditions imposed 38-11

By law enforcement officer on bond or promise to appear38-2

Capias for hearing to review conditions of release 38-15,38-16

Detention prior to arraignment, trial, sentencing, limit on38-18

Modification 38-13Application for by surety on bail bond 38-16Hearing to consider 38-17Motion for by bail commissioner 38-15

INDEX

CRIMINAL PROCEDURE — (Cont)Pretrial release — (Cont)

Motion for by parties 38-14Violation of conditions, hearing on 38-19

Forfeiture of bond, issuance of capias or rearrest war-rant 38-21

Sanctions for 38-20Probation

Revocation 43-29Stay pending appeal 43-32

Prosecuting authority, defined 44-37Disclosure of plea agreement 43-12Role at sentencing 43-11

Public defender 37-5, 37-6Appeals by indigent defendants 43-33—43-38Appointed counsel, in general 44-1—44-6Definition of 44-37

Public, exclusion from court proceedings 42-48Expedited review of order 77-1

Reference to judge trial referee 44-19Release

See also Pretrial release, this titleAppeal by defendant from judgment of conviction, release

pending, conditions 43-2Appeal by state from judgment of acquittal, release pend-

ing 43-1Pretrial, see Pretrial release, this title

Revocation of probation 43-29Sealing affidavits in support of arrest warrant application

36-2Sealing files and documents 42-49ASentence review, see Sentencing, this titleSentencing

See also Incarceration, this titleCorrection of illegal sentence 43-22Defendant’s right to make statement 43-10Defense counsel

Correction of presentence investigation report 43-14Disclosure of undisclosed plea agreement 43-15Supplementary documents, submission of 43-16

Definite sentence, reduction of 43-21Hearing, procedure 43-10Illegal sentence, correction of 43-22Mittimus, where sentence includes fine as well as impris-

onment 43-20Prosecuting authority, role 43-11

Disclosure of plea agreement 43-12Reduction of definite sentence 43-21Sentence review

Application for, time for filing 43-24Counsel, representation by before sentence review divi-

sion 43-23Documents, preparation by clerk 43-25, 43-26Hearing, briefs and memoranda 43-27Scope of review 43-28

Stay pending appeal 61-13Victim, participation at 43-10

SequestrationJurors 42-22Witnesses 42-36

Severance of offenses for trial 41-18Speedy trial, time limitations 43-39

Commencement of trial, defined 43-42Excluded periods for calculation of time 43-40Motion for; dismissal 43-41Waiver 43-43

501


CRIMINAL PROCEDURE — (Cont)Stay

Of imprisonment pending appeal 43-31Of probation pending appeal 43-32Stay pending appeal 61-13

SubpoenasFees, return of subpoenas 44-32For production of documents and objects 40-2Inquiry by investigative grand jury, motion to quash sub-

poena 44-31Summons, see Arrest and preliminary procedure, this titleSuppress, motion to, see Motion to suppress, this titleTransfer of pending matter 41-23—41-25Trial, definition of 44-37

Argument by counsel, time limits 42-37Extrajudicial statements, warning not to make 42-48Order of parties proceeding at 42-35

Of defendants where two or more 42-38Public, exclusion of 42-49Restraint of disruptive defendant 42-46

Removal of 42-47Sealing files and documents 42-49Speedy trial, see Speedy trial, this titleWithout jury 42-34

Verdict, see VERDICTVictim

Inquiry concerning during presentence investigation 43-4Participation at sentencing 43-10

Violation, definition of 44-37Voir dire of jurors 42-12Warrant, see Arrest and preliminary procedure, this titleWitnesses

Fees for travel and support 44-34Indigent witnesses, transportation and support for 44-33Sequestration 42-36

Youthful offender adjudication without trial 39-33

CUSTODYSee generally CRIMINAL PROCEDURE, Release; FAM-

ILY MATTERS; JUVENILE MATTERS

DAMAGESAssessment by court 17-2Claim for following default for failure to appear 17-20

Time for filing 17-20Default for failure to plead, procedure to be followed 17-32Demand for relief, statement of 10-20

Interest and costs unnecessary to claim 10-28Not to be disclosed to jury 16-19

Hearings in damagesFollowing default 17-34—17-40Following summary judgment on liability 17-50Privileged for assignment 14-9

Jury trial where claim joined with equitable issues 16-11Liquidated damages

Procedure on default for failure to appear 17-24When judgment may be rendered following default for

failure to appear 17-33Offer of judgment 17-11—17-18Physical or mental examination, request for where personal

injury damages claimed 13-11Reduction of award where verdict exceeds demand 16-19Referrals

To arbitrators 23-61To fact finders 23-53

Small claims rules, applicability 24-2Default where liquidated damages claimed 24-24

INDEX

DAMAGES — (Cont)Statement of in demand for relief 10-20

DECLARATORY JUDGMENTGenerally 17-54

Appeal 17-58Conditions 17-55Costs 17-57Order of priorities 17-59Procedure 17-56

DEFAULT JUDGMENTSAbsent or nonresident defendant 9-1Default judgments and nonsuits

Appear, failure to 17-19Affidavit of debt 17-25Judgment, entry of 17-27, 17-33

Enforcement of 17-28Liquidated sum, action for, applicable procedure 17-24Military service, affidavit concerning 17-21, 17-25

Default rules not applicable to defendant in militaryor naval service 17-23

Motion for default for failure to appear 17-20, 17-25Procedure not applicable to dissolution of marriage,

legal separation, annulment 25-51Notice of judgment, mailing by counsel 17-22Short calendar, motion not on 17-29Weekly payments, order for 17-26

Damages, hearing inDefense, notice to be specific 17-37

Amending notice 17-38Reply not allowed 17-39Time to give 17-35

Evidence to reduce damages 17-39Notice by clerk of default 17-36

Plead, default for failure to 17-31, 17-32Opening default where judgment not rendered 17-42Opening judgment on default or nonsuit 17-43

Small claims, defaults in 24-24

DEFICIENCY JUDGMENTSSee FORECLOSURE

DELINQUENCYSee JUVENILE MATTERS

DISBARMENTSee generally ATTORNEYS, Discipline; Grievances

DISCOVERY AND DEPOSITIONS—CIVILAdmission of facts and execution of writings, requests for

admission 13-22Answers and objections to requests for admission 13-23Effect of admission 13-24Expenses on failure to admit 13-25

Definitions 13-1Depositions, in general 13-26

Deposition procedure 13-30Notice of deposition

Deposition of organization, production of documentsand materials 13-27

General requirements, special notice, nonstenographicrecording 13-27

Persons before whom deposition taken, subpoenas 13-28Place of deposition 13-29Use of depositions in court proceedings 13-31

DisclosureAmount and provisions of insurance liability policy 13-12Assets, where prejudgment remedy sought 13-13

502


DISCOVERY AND DEPOSITIONS—CIVIL — (Cont)Disclosure — (Cont)

Before court or committee 13-17Continuing duty to disclose 13-15Defense 13-19In equity 13-18

DiscoveryHealth information, motion for authorization to obtain pro-

tected 13-9, 13-11AOutside the United States 13-21Scope, in general 13-2

Experts 13-4Materials prepared in anticipation of litigation, state-

ments of parties 13-3Protective order 13-5

Sought by judgment creditor 13-20Duty to disclose, continuing 13-15Electronic deposition procedure 13-30Family matters 25-31, 25-32Habeas corpus, civil 23-38, 23-39Interrogatories, in general 13-6

Answers to 13-7Objections to 13-8

Juvenile matters 31a-16, 34a-20Order for compliance, failure to answer or comply with order

13-14Orders by judge 13-16Remote deposition procedure 13-30Requests for admission 13-22

Answers and objections to 13-23Requests for production, inspection and examination, in

general 13-9Physical or mental examination 13-11Responses to requests for production, objections 13-10

Stipulations regarding discovery and deposition procedure13-32

Subpoenas 13-28Subpoena duces tecum 13-27

DISCOVERY AND DEPOSITIONS—CRIMINALDepositions, in general, grounds 40-44

Defendant, right to be present and represented 40-54Waiver of right 40-55

Expenses of 40-58Failure to appear for, capias 40-45Manner of taking 40-49, 40-57Notice of 40-47Objections during 40-49Person taking deposition 40-47Protective order concerning 40-48

During examination 40-52Return of, depositions to be sealed 40-53Scope of examination 40-50Unavailable deponent, defined 40-56Use of 40-46, 40-57

Discovery, in general 40-1; see also Depositions, this titleAdmissibility of defendant’s intent to offer evidence or call

witness 40-30Alibi defense, required notices concerning 40-21—40-23

Exceptions 40-24Withdrawn alibi not admissible 40-25

Continuing duty to disclose 40-3Custody of materials 40-10Defendant’s duty, materials discoverable by prosecution

as of right 40-26Derivative materials, disclosure to defendant 40-28Discretionary disclosure by 40-27

INDEX

DISCOVERY AND DEPOSITIONS—CRIMINAL — (Cont)Discovery, in general 40-1; see also Depositions, this title —

(Cont)Materials excepted from disclosure 40-31Protective orders, for defendant 40-29

Documents or objects, subpoenas for 40-2Failure to comply 40-5Mental disease or defect or extreme emotional distur-

bance, disclosure of defense of 40-17Expert testimony concerning, disclosure by defendant

of intent to use 40-18Failure of expert to submit report 40-20Psychiatric examination, prosecutorial motion for 40-19

Nontestimonial evidence, obtaining from defendant 40-32Comparison of 40-39Emergency procedure for 40-33Motion for by defendant 40-38Order for, scope 40-34

Contents 40-35Implementation 40-37Service 40-36

Objection to disclosure 40-8Performance 40-6Procedure 40-7Prosecuting authority’s duty, materials discoverable by

defendant as of right 40-11Discretionary disclosure by 40-12Materials excepted from disclosure 40-14

Protective orders 40-29, 40-40Factors to be considered 40-41In camera proceedings on motion for 40-42, 40-43

Excision as relief, record of 40-43Requests and motions 40-4Scientific tests and experiments 40-9Statements 40-15, 40-16Subpoenas for documents or objects 40-2Witnesses, information concerning and statements by

40-13

DISMISS, MOTION TOCivil 10-30—10-34Criminal 41-8—41-11

DISQUALIFICATION OF JUDICIAL AUTHORITYGenerally 1-19, 1-22, 1-23

DISSOLUTION OF MARRIAGE or CIVIL UNIONSee FAMILY MATTERS

DOCKETSee generally ASSIGNMENTS FOR TRIAL—CIVIL;

CLERKS; CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

ELECTRONIC DEPOSITION PROCEDURE 13-30

ELECTRONIC FILING 4-4

ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND MEDIASee MEDIA

ELECTRONIC TRANSCRIPT 63-8A

EMINENT DOMAINClerk’s fees 18-4Reference to committee or referee 19-6

EQUITABLE RELIEFSee MANDAMUS

503


EVIDENCEExceptions not required 5-7Exhibits, marking 5-7Exhibits, transmitting to appellate clerk 68-1Interlocutory matters, address by counsel 5-5, 5-8Medical evidence 15-4

Family matters, procedure for introducing 25-55Motion in limine, civil 15-3

Criminal 42-15Objections, reasons for 5-5

Reception of evidence objected to 5-6Opinions not officially published, citation of 5-9Prima facie case, dismissal for failure to make 15-8Suppress, motion to, criminal cases 41-12

Appeal from denial of after conditional plea of nolo conten-dere 61-6 (a) (2) (i)

Intercepted communications 41-14Judicial authority, when disqualified from hearing 41-17Seized property, return and suppression 41-13, 41-16Time to file 41-15

Supreme Court, admission in original action 84a-5Witnesses, examination of 5-4

Oath, administration of 5-3Sequestration, criminal cases 42-36

EXECUTIONSCivil actions

Application for, unsatisfied money judgment 17-52Costs, execution for balance 18-12Default judgment, execution on 17-28Foreclosures

Execution of ejectment, stay 23-17Small claims 24-30, 24-31, 24-32Summary process executions 17-30, 17-53

Criminal mattersBond, forfeiture of, stay of execution 38-21Warrant, execution and return of 36-5

EXHIBITSAppeals, availability and removal of exhibits 62-10, 62-11

Transmitting to appellate clerk 68-1Marking 5-7Removal from clerk’s office on determination of case 7-21

EXPEDITED PROCESS CASESCase management conference for 23-9Discovery allowed 23-7Expedited process track, placement on 23-3Motions allowed 23-5Offers of judgment 23-11Pleadings allowed in 23-4Pleadings closed, certification 23-8Transfer to regular docket 23-10Trial of cases on track 23-12

EXPERT WITNESSESAppointment by judicial authority in family matters 25-33Criminal cases 40-18—40-20Deposition fees 13-4Disclosure of 13-4Schedule for expert discovery 13-4

FACT-FINDINGSee CIVIL ACTIONS, Fact-finding

FAMILY MATTERSDefinition of 25-1; see also CIVIL ACTIONS; JUVE-

NILE MATTERSAffidavit concerning minor child 25-57

INDEX

FAMILY MATTERS — (Cont)Alimony, motions for 25-24

Modification 25-26Order of notice concerning 25-29

Annulment, complaint 25-2Automatic orders on service 25-5Required information prior to hearing 25-58

Appearances, generally 25-6Failure to file 25-51Interactive audiovisual device, use of 23-68

Appellate briefs 67-13Application

Automatic orders on service 25-5Custody of minor child 25-3Visitation of minor child 25-4

Appointment of counsel for minor child, motion for 25-24Assignments 25-48Automatic orders on service of complaint or application 25-5Case management

Conference 25-50Date, automatic order on 25-5Scheduling 25-50

Child support, motion for 25-24Child support and arrearage guidelines worksheet 25-30Modification 25-26Order of notice concerning 25-29Support enforcement officer, services by 25-67

Civil union, complaint for dissolution of 25-2Automatic orders on service 25-2Motion for dissolution following legal separation 25-36Required information prior to hearing 25-58

Closure of courtroom 25-59Complaint

Amendment 25-7, 25-8Automatic orders on service 25-5Dissolution of marriage or civil union, legal separation,

annulment 25-2Contempt, motion for 25-27

Right to counsel 25-63Waiver 25-64

Contested matter, definition of 25-49Counsel

Appointment for minor child, motion for 25-24Fees, motion for 25-24Right to in contempt proceedings 25-63

Waiver 25-64Right to in paternity actions 25-68

Custody of minor child, action for 25-3Automatic orders on service of application 25-5Modification 25-26Motion for 25-24

Debt, unreasonable, automatic order not to incur 25-5Definitions 25-49Discovery and depositions 25-31, 25-32, 25-56Dissolution of marriage, complaint 25-2

Automatic orders on service 25-5Motion for following legal separation 25-36

Notice and hearing on 25-36Required information prior to hearing 25-58

Dockets 25-48Documents

Limiting disclosure of 25-59AMandatory exchange of 25-32Production on request prior to hearing or trial 25-56

Evaluation or study, disposition of case to await report 25-60Evidence, medical 25-55Expert witnesses, appointment by judicial authority 25-33

504


FAMILY MATTERS — (Cont)Failure of defendant to appear, generally 25-51

For scheduled disposition 25-52Family relations counselor

Disclosure to judicial authority of recommendations byconcerning alimony and child support 25-34

Duties of 25-69Investigations by 25-69

Family services unit, assistance by 25-61Family support magistrates, determination of matters by

25-65Appeal from 25-66

Files, sealing 25-59AFinancial statements, automatic orders to complete and

exchange 25-5To be filed before hearing on motion or order to show

cause 25-30Guardian ad litem, appointment 25-62Habeas corpus, petition 25-40

Discovery 25-47Dismissal, grounds for 25-42Issuance of writ, preliminary 25-41Return 25-43

Reply to return 25-44Schedule for filing pleadings 25-45Summary judgment, motion for 25-46

Identification of cases 7-4AInsurance coverage, automatic orders to maintain 25-5Interactive audiovisual device, use of 23-68Judge trial referees, references to 25-53Judgment files 25-38Legal separation, complaint 25-2

Automatic orders on service 25-5Limited contested matter, definition of 25-49Mandatory exchange of documents 25-32Medical evidence 25-55Memorandum of decision 64-1, 64-2Minor child

Affidavits concerning 25-57Automatic orders concerning on filing of dissolution of

marriage or civil union, annulment or separation com-plaint or custody or visitation application 25-5

Custody action 25-3Guardian ad litem, appointment for 25-62Visitation action 25-4

Motions, generally 25-23Alimony 25-24Appointment of counsel for minor child 25-24Child support 25-24Contempt 25-27Counsel fees 25-24Custody 25-24Exclusive possession of property 25-25Financial statement to be filed before hearing on motion

or order to show cause 25-30Visitation 25-24

Order of trial 25-54Orders of notice 25-23, 25-28, 25-29Parenting education program, order to participate in 25-5Paternity actions, right to counsel 25-68Pendente lite orders in absence of sworn statements by

parties 25-30Pleadings

Answer 25-9Complaints and applications 25-2—25-4

Amendments 25-7, 25-8Cross complaint 25-9

INDEX

FAMILY MATTERS — (Cont)Pleadings — (Cont)

Answer 25-10Dismiss, motion to 25-12

Denial, further pleading 25-15Grounds 25-13Subject matter jurisdiction, lack of not subject to waiver

25-14Electronic filing 4-4Order of 25-11Strike, motion to, grounds 25-16

Hearing on 25-17Judgment, failure to plead after pleading stricken 25-21Memorandum of decision, when required 25-20Memorandum of law required 25-19Reasons to be specified 25-18Short calendar, hearing on motion to be placed on 25-17Stricken pleading part of other cause of action 25-22Substitute pleading following granting 25-21

Pretrials 25-48Production of documents on request prior to hearing or trial

25-56Property, automatic order not to dispose of 25-5Proposed written orders to be filed and served by parties

25-30References to judge trial referees 25-53Removal of minor child from state, automatic order concern-

ing 25-5Residence, automatic orders concerning 25-5Sealing files 25-59AShort calendar, procedure 25-34Support enforcement officer, services by 25-67Trial, order of 25-54Uncontested matter, definition 25-49Uniform Interstate Family Support Act 25-1Visitation of minor child, action for 25-4

Automatic orders on service of application 25-5Motion for 25-24

Witnesses, expert, appointment by judicial authority 25-33

FAMILY RELATIONS COUNSELORSee FAMILY MATTERS

FAMILY SUPPORT MAGISTRATESee FAMILY MATTERS

FAMILY WITH SERVICE NEEDSSee JUVENILE MATTERS

FEES AND COSTSAdmission to bar, disposition of fees 2-22Appeals 61-7, 61-8, 63-5—63-8Certification for review by supreme court 84-4, 84-9Client security fund fee 2-70Consolidated actions 18-14Costs

For exhibits 18-18Interest and costs, unnecessary to claim 10-28On appeal from commissioners 18-2On complaint and counterclaim 18-16On counterclaim 18-17On creditor’s appeal 18-3On interlocutory proceedings 18-7On writ of error 18-6Several defendants 18-13Taxation of, appeal 18-5Where both legal and equitable issues 18-15Where several issues 18-12

505


FEES AND COSTS — (Cont)Counsel fees in family matters, motion for 25-24Court expenses, vouchers for 18-1Criminal cases

Extradition, officer’s fees 44-35Subpoenas, return of 44-32Waiver, appeal of conviction by indigent defendant 43-33Witnesses, travel fees 44-34

Indigent witnesses, transportation and support 44-33Eminent domain, clerk’s fees 18-4Family matters, counsel fees 25-24Joint plaintiffs or consolidated actions 18-14Jury fee, where more than one trial 18-8Motor vehicle violation, fee on motion to open judgment

44-36Proceedings before judge, no costs 18-19Small claims 24-32

On motion to open judgment 24-31Witness fees


FILESAppeals, availability and removal of files 62-10, 62-11

Review of trial court files by appellate counsel 62-8Clerks, records and files of cases to be kept by 7-1

Custody of 7-7Destruction of files 7-10, 7-11

Motion to prevent 7-16Retention and stripping of files, schedule 7-11

Adult probation and family division, reports from 7-14Criminal actions, records and files in 7-13

Sealing 42-49Motor vehicle cases, files in 7-13Title to land, files in actions affecting 7-12Transfer to records center or state library 7-15

Documents and papers, prerequisites for filing 7-6Electronic filings 4-4Exhibits, removal or destruction on determination of case

7-21Financial accounts, records of to be kept by clerks 7-3Hospital, psychiatric and medical records, prerequisites for

filing with clerk 7-18Identification of cases 7-4AJudgment files, see JUDGMENTSLost files or pleadings 7-8Sealing

Civil matters 11-20ACriminal cases 42-49AExpedited review of order 77-1Family matters 25-59A

Unfinished record, completion of by clerk 7-9

FORECLOSUREMortgages, appraisal report to be served on each appearing

defendant 23-16Complaint 10-69Complex litigation status and assignment 23-13

Assigned judge, powers of 23-14Request for 23-15

Deficiency judgment, motion for 23-19Law days, listing 23-17Proof of debt 23-18

Municipal tax liens, foreclosure of, allegations 10-70

GRAND JURYReview of order of 78-1

INDEX

GRIEVANCESSee ATTORNEYS

GUARDIAN AD LITEMAppointment in criminal cases 44-20Appointment in family matters 25-62

HABEAS CORPUSAppeal, notice of right to 43-30; see also CRIMINAL PRO-

CEDURE, AppealCertification to appeal 80-1

Appointment of counsel 23-26Motion for leave to withdraw appearance 23-41

Judicial action on 23-42Discovery and depositions 23-38, 23-39Family cases, petition 25-40

Discovery 25-47Dismissal, grounds for 25-42Issuance of writ, preliminary 25-41Return 25-43

Reply to return 25-44Schedule for filing pleadings 25-45Summary judgment, motion for 25-46

Fees and costs 23-25Petitioner’s presence in court 23-40

By interactive audiovisual device 23-40Pleadings

Petition 23-22Amendment of 23-32Consideration by judicial authority, preliminary 23-24Dismissal of 23-29Noncomplying petition, return of 23-23Reply to return 23-31Return 23-30

Request for more specific statement 23-33Schedule of filing 23-35

Record 23-36Summary judgment 23-37Summary procedure 23-34Transfer 23-28Venue 23-27

HEARING IMPAIRED JURORSCivil juries 16-1, 16-8Criminal juries 42-10

HEARINGSSee also CIVIL ACTIONS, Fact-finding; JUVENILE

MATTERSAppeals, hearings on motions 66-4Civil actions

Counsel’s failure to appear 5-10Fact-finding hearings 23-55

Failure to appear at by party 23-59Hearings in chambers

Certifying proceedings to court 20-2Contested matters, procedure in 20-1Papers

Cause affecting land 20-5Clerk designated by judge to take 20-6Trial before judge, lodging papers and file 20-4

Transfer of hearings before judges 20-3Hearings in damages

Following default 17-34—17-40Following summary judgment on liability 17-50Privileged for assignment 14-9

Small claims 24-22, 24-23Scheduling, continuances 24-15

506


HEARINGS — (Cont)Civil actions — (Cont)

Time and place, notice 24-14Unemployment compensation 22-2

Delinquency, see JUVENILE MATTERSFamily with service needs, see JUVENILE MATTERSTermination of parental rights, see JUVENILE MATTERS

IN CAMERASee generally HEARINGS

Proceedings on motion for protective order in criminal case40-42, 40-43

INDIGENT DEFENDANTSee PUBLIC DEFENDER

INFORMATIONSee ARREST AND PRELIMINARY CRIMINAL PRO-

CEDURE

INFRACTIONSAs offenses 44-21Centralized infractions bureau 44-28

Powers of 44-29Custody, when not required 44-23

When required 44-24Definition of 44-37Magistrates, hearings by 44-30Not guilty pleas 44-26

Hearings following entry of 44-27Payment of fine as plea of nolo contendere 44-25Summons and complaint, form 44-22

INJUNCTIONNotice required for ex parte temporary 4-5

INSTRUCTIONSSee JURIES—CIVIL; JURIES—CRIMINAL

INTERACTIVE AUDIOVISUAL DEVICECivil and family proceedings, use of for appearance of incar-

cerated individual 23-68Criminal proceedings, presence of incarcerated individual

by means of 44-10, 44-10A

INTERESTSee FEES AND COSTS

INTERNSSee LEGAL INTERNS

INTERPLEADERPleadings 23-43Procedure in 23-44

JOINDERCivil Actions

Causes of action 10-21—10-22Class actions, see CLASS ACTIONSConsolidations of actions for trial 9-5Impleading of third party 10-11Interested persons as defendants 9-6Legal and equitable relief, claims for 10-24Miscellaneous parties, joinder as plaintiffs or defendants

Assignees 9-15, 9-16Defendants alleged to be alternatively liable 9-14Personal representatives of deceased cocontractors on

joint contract 9-12Persons liable on same instrument 9-13

Misjoinder 9-19

INDEX

JOINDER — (Cont)Civil Actions — (Cont)

Motion to strike as remedy for 11-3Nonjoinder 9-19

Motion to strike for nonjoinder 10-39, 11-3Parties and actions 9-3Plaintiffs in one action 9-4Torts 10-23

Criminal MattersDefendants 36-22Misjoinder not requiring dismissal 41-10Motion for 41-3Motion for severance 41-18Offenses in information 36-22

Family MattersNonjoinder of necessary party, motion to strike 25-16

JUDGES AND JUDICIAL AUTHORITIESAppellate jurists sitting as superior court judges 60-6Chief judge of appellate court 62-1Disqualification 1-22

Motion for 1-23Judge trial referee, reference to 19-3

Criminal cases 44-19Senior judges, references, applicable rules 19-1

JUDGMENT FILESSee JUDGMENTS

JUDGMENTSGenerally 17-1, chapters 6 and 17; see also APPELLATE

PROCEDURE; VERDICTAutomatic stay pending appeal, and exceptions 61-11

Nonautomatic stay 61-12Decision, statement of by judicial authority, when required

6-1, 64-1, 64-2Declaratory judgments, see DECLARATORY JUDGMENTDefault judgments and nonsuits

Appear, failure to 17-19Affidavit of debt 17-25Judgment, entry of 17-27, 17-33

Enforcement of 17-28Liquidated sum, action for, applicable procedure 17-24Military or naval service, affidavit concerning 17-21,

17-25Default rules not applicable to defendant in military

or naval service 17-23Motion for default for failure to appear 17-20, 17-25Notice of judgment, mailing by counsel 17-22Short calendar, motion not on 17-29Weekly payments, order for 17-26

Damages, hearing inDefense, notice to be specific 17-37

Amending notice 17-38Reply not allowed 17-39Time to give 17-35

Evidence to reduce damages 17-39Notice by clerk of default 17-36

Opening default where judgment not rendered 17-42Opening judgment on default or nonsuit 17-43Plead, default for failure to 17-31, 17-32

Executions 17-52Facts underlying judgment to appear of record 17-5Finality for purposes of appeal, see APPELLATE PRO-

CEDUREFinding, form of 17-6

Special finding, request for 17-7Form and contents of 17-9

507


JUDGMENTS — (Cont)Finding, form of 17-6 — (Cont)

Functions of 17-8Judgment files, captions and contents 6-2

Appeal papers, filing requirements 63-4Appellate proceedings, judgment files in, see APPEL-

LATE PROCEDUREFamily matters 25-38Notation of satisfaction of judgment 6-5Preparation, when, by whom, filing 6-3Signing 6-4

Memorandum of decision 6-1, 64-1, 64-2Modifying judgment after appeal 17-9Offer of compromise

By defendant 17-11Acceptance of offer 17-12Failure to accept offer 17-13

By plaintiff, counterclaim plaintiff 17-14Acceptance of offer 17-15Failure to accept offer 17-16

Judgment where amount greater than offer recovered17-18

Negligence of health care provider alleged 17-14AOffer and acceptance to be included in record 17-17

Opening 17-4Record of proceeding, facts to appear on 17-5Remittitur where judgment too large 17-3Setting aside 17-4Stay pending appeal, and exceptions 61-11, 61-12Summary judgments, scope of remedy 17-44

AffidavitsBad faith, affidavits made in 17-48Form of 17-46

Appropriate documents not available 17-47Judgment 17-49

For part of claim 17-51Motion for, proceedings on 17-45Triable issue as to damages only 17-50

Summary process 17-30Execution 17-53

JUDICIAL REVIEW COUNCILAppeals from, in general 74-1Appellate rules, applicability of 74-6Decision of council, statement of 74-4Fees, costs and security waived 74-3Initiation of proceedings by supreme court 74-8Papers to be filed 74-2Parties, proper form of reference 74-5Recommendation by council, action on by supreme court

where no appeal 74-7

JURIES—CIVILAmount in demand, disclosure to jury prohibited 16-19Array, challenge to 16-2Cause, excuse of juror for 16-3Charge, see Instructions this titleCommunications with jurors prohibited 16-14Deliberations 16-16

Deadlocked jury 16-29Interrogatories 16-18Return for reconsideration 16-17Review of testimony during 16-27

Discharge after verdict 16-33Exhibits, pleadings and copy or tape of instructions, submis-

sion to jury 16-15

INDEX

JURIES—CIVIL — (Cont)Fact, questions of to be decided by jury 16-9

Equitable actions, facts decided by jury, when 16-10Judgment of court 16-13

Hearing impaired jurors, interpreters for 16-1Interpreters not to participate in deliberations 16-8

InstructionsAdditional instructions 16-26, 16-28Counsel to be informed of substance of charge 16-25Deadlocked jury 16-29Modification for correction or clarification 16-25Requests for, see Requests to charge and exceptions,

this titleInterrogatories 16-18Jury selection, preliminary proceedings

Disqualification of jurors 16-4Peremptory challenges 16-5Voir dire 16-6

Legal and equitable issues, determination of case pre-senting both 16-11Judgment in 16-13

Note taking by jurors 16-7Oath and admonitions to jurors 16-8Pleadings, submission to jury 16-15Polling after verdict 16-32Questions by jurors during trial 16-7Questions of fact, jury to decide 16-9

Judgment 16-13Questions of law, judicial authority to decide 16-9Request to charge and exceptions 16-20

Filing 16-22Form, contents and number 16-23Principles of law in 16-21

Selection of jurorsDisqualification of jurors 16-4Peremptory challenges 16-5Voir dire 16-6

Verdict, see VERDICTViewing of place or thing by jury 16-12Voir dire of prospective jurors 16-6

JURIES—CRIMINALArray, challenge to 42-4Cause, excuse of juror for 42-11Charge, see Instructions, this titleCommunications

Judicial authority and jurors 42-7Parties and jurors 42-8

Deliberations 42-21Deadlocked jury 42-28Testimony, request by jury for review of 42-26

Disqualification of jurors 42-5Hearing impaired jurors, interpreters 42-10Information, exhibits, copy or tape of instructions to be sub-

mitted to jury 42-23Instructions, conference with counsel concerning substance

42-19Additional instructions 42-25

Jury’s request for 42-27Clarification or modification 42-24

Jury selection, preliminary proceedings 42-11Array, challenge to 42-4Peremptory challenges 42-13Voir dire 42-12

Note taking by jurors 42-9Oath and admonitions to jurors 42-14Questions by jurors 42-9

508


JURIES—CRIMINAL — (Cont)Questions of fact, jury to decide 42-20Requests to charge and exceptions 42-16

Filing 42-17Form and contents 42-18

Right to jury trial, waiver 42-1Selection of jurors, preliminary proceedings 42-11

Array, challenge to 42-4Peremptory challenges 42-13Voir dire 42-12

Sequestration 42-22Size of jury, election by defendant 42-3Testimony, request by jury for review of 42-26Two part information 42-2Verdict, see VERDICTViewing of place or thing by jury 42-6Voir dire of jurors 42-12Waiver of right to jury trial 42-1

JUVENILE MATTERSAdjudicatory hearing

Neglected, uncared for, dependent child; termination ofparental rights 35a-1

Appeal, see also APPELLATE PROCEDUREAppellate procedure rules, applicability of 35a-21Attorney, appointment of and withdrawal by 35a-21Briefs 67-13, 79-5Filing of, time and extensions 35a-21

Applicability of general superior court rules 34a-1Attorney

Access to reports and studiesDelinquency, family with service needs, youth in crisis

30-9Neglected, uncared for, dependent child; termination

of parental rights 32a-1Appointment on appeal 35a-21Motion to withdraw from appeal 35a-20Right to 27-5, 27-6, 30-3, 30a-1, 32a-1Waiver of right, neglected, uncared for, dependent child;

termination of parental rights 35a-1Chief child protection attorney, appointment to represent

child 32a-1Child, definition of 26-1

As witness, procedure for testimony 32a-4Child protection, see Neglected, uncared for, dependent

child; termination of parental rights, this titleCommitment, definition 26-1

Commitment of child as mentally ill 31a-15Revocation of commitment 35a-14A

Complaint, definition of 26-1Contempt 34a-22Continuances and advancements 34a-5

For case status conference on denial of petition allegingneglected, uncared for, dependent child and termina-tion of parental rights 33a-7, 35a-2

Coterminous petitions, neglected, uncared for, dependentchild; termination of parental rights 35a-3

Counsel, see Attorney, this titleCourt ordered evaluation of child 34a-21Custody, order of temporary 33a-6

Emergency or life-threatening situation, application proce-dure 33a-8

Preliminary hearing 33a-7Respondent’s rights, statement of 33a-7

Default, opening order obtained by 35a-18Defenses, disclosure of, delinquency proceedings 31a-17Definitions 26-1

INDEX

JUVENILE MATTERS — (Cont)Delinquency, complaint or petition, nonjudicial handling, see

Nonjudicial handling of delinquency, family with serviceneeds or youth in crisis complaints or petitions, this title

Delinquency hearing, see Hearings: delinquency, family withservice needs, youth in crisis, this title

Delinquency informations or petitions, contents and service29-1, 29-2Processing 29-1A

Dependent child, see Neglected, uncared for, dependentchild; termination of parental rights, this title

DetentionAdmission to 31-1A

Advisement of rights 30-3Notice to parents 30-4

Basis for, requirements 30-6Conditional release 30-10Definition of 26-1Duration of 30-5, 30-8, 30-10

Requirements for extension 30-5Family with service needs 30-2AHearing

Information to be considered 30-9Place of 30-7Waiver of 30-8

Initial order for, without hearing 30-8Release to parents 30-8

Order for, after hearing, on finding of necessary factor30-10

Release, and periodic drug testing as condition 30-10Subsequent to dispositional hearing, mandatory review

30-11Disclosure of defenses, delinquency proceedings 31a-17Discovery

Delinquency, family with service needs, youth in crisismatters 31a-16


Dismiss, motion to 34a-9—34a-11Emergency medical situations requiring temporary custody

33a-8Emergency relief 34a-23Evaluation of child 34a-21Examinations, physical or mental, delinquency, family with

service needs or youth in crisis 31a-14Family support center, definition of 26-1Family with service needs, complaint or petition, nonjudicial

handling, see Nonjudicial handling of delinquency, familywith service needs or youth in crisis complaints or peti-tions, this title

Family with service needs hearing, see Hearings: delin-quency, family with service needs, youth in crisis, this title

Family with service needs petition, contents and service 29-1, 29-2Processing 29-1B

Family with service needs, petition for violation of post-adjudicatory orders 31a-20

Family with service needs referrals 27-9Guardian, definition 26-1Hearing procedure, neglected, uncared for, dependent child;

termination of parental rights 32a-2Hearings

Adjudicatory, neglected, uncared for dependent child; ter-mination of parental rights 35a-1

Advancement of 34a-5Civil proceedings, hearings as 32a-2Continuance 34a-5

509


JUVENILE MATTERS — (Cont)Hearings — (Cont)

For case status conference, neglected, uncared for,dependent child; termination of parental rights 33a-7, 35a-2

Definition 26-1Delinquency hearing, see Hearings: delinquency, family

with service needs, youth in crisis, this titleDetention hearing, see Detention, hearing, this titleDispositional hearings 30a-5, 30a-6, 35a-9—35a-11Dispositive hearing, definition 26-1

Hearings: delinquency, family with service needs, youthin crisisAdvisement of rights, initial plea hearing 30a-1

Burden of going forward 30a-3Continuance for pretrial conference 30a-2Counsel, request for 30a-2Dispositional hearing 30a-5

Victim, statement on behalf of 30a-6Plea agreement 30a-2Plea canvass 30a-4Plea hearing, initial 30a-1Pretrial conference 30a-2Recording of hearings 30a-7Records 30a-8Testimony admissible at dispositional hearing 30a-5

Indian child, definition of 26-1Indigent parties, requests for subpoenas 32a-2Information, definition 26-1Informations, delinquency, contents and service 29-1, 29-2

Processing 29-1AMentally ill child, commitment as 31a-15Modification of probation 31a-18Motions and applications: delinquency, family with service

needs and youth in crisisAdult criminal docket, motion to transfer to 31a-12Bill of particulars, motion for 31a-2Continuances and advancements 31a-1ADiscovery, motions for 31a-16Dismiss, motion to 31a-3Extension of delinquency commitment, motion for 31a-19Extension of family with service needs commitment,

motion for 31a-19AForm of motions, time for filing, amendment 31a-1Joint trial of petitions or informations, motion for 31a-10Judgment of acquittal, motion for 31a-5Motion in limine 31a-7New trial, motion for 31a-11Permanency plan, delinquency, motion for review of

31a-19Permanency plan, family with service needs, motion for

review 31a-19ASequestration of witnesses, motion for 31a-8Severance of offenses for trial, motion for 31a-9Suppress, motion to 31a-4Take into custody order, application for 31a-13Temporary custody order 31a-13ATransfer of venue, motion for 31a-6Transfer to adult criminal docket, motion for 31a-12

Motions, in general 31a-1, 34a-1Changes in court dates, continuances 34a-5Contempt 34a-22Dismiss 34a-9—34a-13Emergency relief 34a-23Evaluation of child 34a-21Strike 34a-15—34a-19

INDEX

JUVENILE MATTERS — (Cont)Neglected, uncared for, dependent child; termination of

parental rightsAdjudication 35a-1

Admission or denial of allegations of petition 35a-1Adverse inference 35a-7ABurden of proceeding 35a-8Consolidation of petitions 35a-6AConsolidation with hearing on temporary custody order

33a-7Continuance for case status conference 33a-7, 35a-2Evidence 35a-7Exclusion of unnecessary persons from courtroom

35a-1BExplanation of petition 35a-1Nolo contendere plea 35a-1Record of case 35a-1A

Advisement of rights 32a-1Allegations of petition 33a-1Chief child protection attorney, appointment to represent

child 32a-1Child or youth

As witness 32a-4Consultation with in court 32a-5Exclusion from courtroom 32a-5

Competency of parent 32a-9Coterminous petitions 35a-3Counsel, right to 32a-1Default, opening 35a-18Discovery 34a-20Dismiss, motion to 34a-9—34a-13Dispositional hearing

Evidence and mandated social study 35a-9Mandated social study, availability to parties and coun-

sel 35a-10Witnesses, respondents’ right to produce 35a-11

Dispositions, motions to modify 35a-16Evaluation of child 34a-21Foster parents, prospective adoptive parent, relative care

giver and siblings, right to be heard 35a-5Guardian, role of 35a-6Hearing procedure in general 32a-2Interpreter 32a-6Intervening parties 35a-4Modification of guardianship, post-dissolution motion for

35a-20Motions to modify dispositions 35a-16Order of temporary custody 33a-6Permanency plan, motion for review 35a-14Petitions, allegations 33a-1Petitions, consolidation of 35a-6APetitions, coterminous 35a-3Petition to reinstate parent as guardian 35a-20Petition to remove parent as guardian, transfer from pro-

bate court 35a-19Pleading 34a-6—34a-8Probate court, transfer of petition to remove parent as

guardian 35a-19Protective supervision

Application to modify 33a-6Conditions and modification 35a-12

Publication as service 33a-5Records, confidentiality 32a-7Records, substance abuse treatment 32a-8Reinstatement of parent as guardian, motion for 35a-20Removal of child from home 35a-13Respondent, identity or location unknown 33a-4

510


JUVENILE MATTERS — (Cont)Neglected, uncared for, dependent child; termination of

parental rights — (Cont)Chief child protection attorney to assign counsel 33a-4

Reunification efforts 35a-15Revocation of commitment 35a-14ARights of parents or guardians 32a-1Service 33a-2Standard of proof

Clear and convincing evidence and proof beyond areasonable doubt, termination of parental rights32a-3

Fair preponderance of evidence, neglect, uncared forand dependency petition 32a-3

Strike, motion to 34a-15—34a-19Subpoenas 32a-2Substance abuse treatment records 32a-8Summons accompanying petition, neglected, uncared for,

or dependent child 33a-2Temporary custody, order of 33a-6

Emergency or life-threatening situation, application pro-cedure 33a-8

Preliminary hearing; notification of rights 33a-7Respondent’s rights, statement of 33a-7

Venue 33a-3Nonjudicial handling of delinquency complaints 27-1A

Additional offenses and misconduct 27-4Denial of responsibility for misconduct 27-6Dismissal following successful completion of nonjudicial

handling 27-8AEligibility for delinquency nonjudicial handling, initial inter-

view 27-5Erasure following successful completion of nonjudicial

handling 27-8AIneligibility for nonjudicial handling 27-4AInitial interview, explanation of allegations 27-5Notice to appear 27-1AProbation department, referral to 27-1AResponsibility, acknowledgment or denial 27-6, 27-7

Nonjudicial supervision of child 27-8AWritten statement of responsibility 27-7

Rights of parties, explanation of 27-5Successful completion of nonjudicial handling, dismissal

and erasure of matter 27-8ANotice

Detention 30-4To appear, delinquency, family with service needs or

youth in crisis 27-1AOrders

Custody, take into, definition of 26-1Application for 31a-13Following violation of condition of suspended detention

30-10Temporary custody 33a-6

Emergency or life-threatening situation, application pro-cedure 33a-8

Preliminary order of first hearing 33a-7Respondent’s rights, statement of 33a-7

Parent, definition of 26-1Petition to remove parent as guardian, transfer from pro-

bate court 35a-19Parties, definition of 26-1

Intervening party, definition of 26-1Legal party, definition of 26-1

Permanency hearing, following commitment as delinquent31a-19

INDEX

JUVENILE MATTERS — (Cont)Permanency plan, definition 26-1

Motion for review of 31a-19, 31a-19A, 35a-14Petitions

Amendment 31a-1, 34a-1Definition of 26-1Delinquency petition, contents and service 29-1, 29-2

Processing 29-1AFamily with service needs post-adjudicatory orders, peti-

tion for violation of 31a-20Family with service needs petition, contents and service

29-1, 29-2Processing 29-1B


Removal of parent as guardian 35a-19Termination of parental rights 35a-19

Physical and mental examinations, delinquency, family withservice needs or youth in crisis 31a-14

Pleadings, neglected, uncared for or dependent child; termi-nation of parental rightsContempt, motion for 34a-22Dismiss, motion to 34a-9—34a-13Emergency relief, motion for 34a-23Evaluation of child, motion for 34a-21Order 34a-6Response to summary of facts 34a-14Strike, motion to 34a-15—34a-19Time to plead 34a-8Waiver of right to plead 34a-7

Pretrial conference, delinquency, family with service needsor youth in crisis 30a-2

Probate court, transfer from, of application for removal ofparent as guardian 35a-19

ProbationDefinition of 26-1Department, assignment to of delinquency, family with

service needs or youth in crisis complaints 27-1APresentation of information at detention hearing 30-9

Modification of probation 31a-18Officer, investigation of delinquency, family with service

needs or youth in crisis complaints 27-1A, 27-5, 27-8APredispositional study by, consideration of at disposi-

tional hearing 30a-5Recording of hearings 30a-7, 32a-7, 35a-1ARecords

Confidentiality, copying and reproduction of 32a-7Erasure 27-8ASubstance abuse treatment 32a-8

Removal of child from home, required findings 35a-13Respondent, definition of 26-1Rights of parties

Right of respondents to neglected, uncared for, depen-dent child or termination of parental rights petition33a-7

To confrontation and cross-examination 30a-1, 32a-1To counsel 27-5, 30-3, 30a-1, 32a-1, 35a-21To remain silent 30a-1, 32a-1

Short calendar sessions 34a-2—34a-4Specific steps, definition 26-1Staff secure facility, definition of 26-1Standards of proof 30a-3, 32a-3Subpoenas 32a-2Substance abuse treatment records 32a-8Superior court rules, general provisions, applicability 34a-1

511


JUVENILE MATTERS — (Cont)Supervision

Judicial, definition of 26-1Nonjudicial, definition of 26-1

After acknowledgment of responsibility, delinquency orfamily with service needs 27-8A

Protective 26-1, 35a-12Take into custody order, definition 26-1

After violation of condition of suspended detention 30-10Application for 31a-13

Temporary custody, order of 33a-6Consolidation of hearing with underlying petition 33a-7Emergency or life-threatening situation, application proce-

dure 33a-8Preliminary order or first hearing 33a-7Preliminary order 33a-7Respondent’s rights, statement of 33a-7

Termination of parental rights, see Neglected, uncared for,dependent child; termination of parental rights, this title

TestimonyAdmissible at dispositional hearing, delinquency, family

with service needs or youth in crisis 30a-5Child as witness, procedure 32a-4Narrative form permissible 32a-2Recording of 30a-7, 32a-7

Transfer from probate court of petition to remove parent asguardian 35a-19

Transfer to adult criminal docket 31a-12Uncared for child, see Neglected, uncared for, dependent

child; termination of parental rights, this titleVenue, child protection 33a-3Venue, delinquency, family with service needs or youth in

crisis, motion for transfer 31a-6Victim, definition 26-1Youth, definition 26-1Youth in crisis complaints and petitions, referral for nonjudi-

cial handling, see Nonjudicial handling of delinquency,family with service needs or youth in crisis complaints orpetitions, this title

Youth in crisis hearings, see Hearings: delinquency, familywith service needs, youth in crisis, this title

Youth in crisis, petitions, contents and service 29-1, 29-2Processing 29-1B

LAND USE REGULATIONSCopy to be filed with appellate brief 81-6Statement in brief as to applicable version 67-4, 67-5

LAW DAYSSee FORECLOSURE

LEGAL INTERNS 3-14Activities of 3-17Certification of 3-18Legal internship committee 3-19Out-of-state interns 3-21Requirements and limitations 3-16Supervision of 3-15

LEGAL SEPARATIONSee FAMILY MATTERS

MAGISTRATESFamily support, see FAMILY MATTERSInfractions, hearings on 44-30

MANDAMUSAid of pending action 23-47Complaint 23-46

INDEX

MANDAMUS — (Cont)Parties plaintiff 23-45Pleadings in 23-49Privileged in assignment for trial 14-9Temporary order of 23-48

MEDIAAppellate proceedings 70-9Arraignments, media coverage 1-11ACellular telephones in courts 1-10Civil proceedings, media coverage 1-11BComputers, portable in courts 1-10Coverage of court proceedings in general, requests for and

limitations on 1-10BCriminal proceedings, media coverage 1-11

Pilot program for coverage of criminal proceedings 1-11CDefinition of media 1-10AElectronic devices in courts, generally 1-10Exclusion by judicial authority 11-20Personal digital assistant in courts 1-10

MEDICAL, HOSPITAL AND PSYCHIATRIC RECORDSFamily matters, procedure for introducing 25-55Prerequisites for filing in clerks’ offices 7-18

MESNE PROCESS 8-1

MORTGAGESSee FORECLOSURE

MOTIONS, APPLICATIONS AND REQUESTS, CIVIL, MIS-CELLANEOUS

See also FAMILY MATTERS; JUVENILE MATTERSAppeal period, motions that delay 11-11Appellate counsel, participation in trial court motions 62-8Argument of motions 11-18Cite in new parties 9-22Definition of 11-2Destruction of files and records, motion to prevent 7-16Dismiss, motion to 10-30

Family matters 25-12—25-15Further pleading by defendant following denial 10-34Grounds 10-31Subject matter jurisdiction not subject to waiver 10-33Waiver of lack of personal jurisdiction, improper venue,

insufficiency of process or service 10-32Electronic filing 4-4Exclusion of public, sealing documents, motion for 11-20Family matters 25-23Form of 11-1Health information, motion for authorization to obtain pro-

tected 13-9, 13-11ALimine, motion in 15-3Memorandum of law required 11-10Misjoinder and nonjoinder of parties, motion to strike for 11-3Motion to dismiss, see Dismiss, motion to, this titleMotion to strike, see Strike, motion to, this titleNew trial, motion for 17-4AOral argument of motions 11-18Order of notice, applications for 11-4Postverdict motions: arrest of judgment, additur, remittitur,

set aside verdict, new trial, collateral source reduction16-35

Previous motions and applications, disclosure of 11-9Reargue, motion to 11-12Request to revise 10-35

Granting of and objection to 10-37Reasons in 10-36

512


MOTIONS, APPLICATIONS AND REQUESTS, CIVIL, MIS-CELLANEOUS — (Cont)Request to revise 10-35 — (Cont)

Waiver of further pleading revisions 10-38Sealing files and documents 11-20Strike, motion to, grounds 10-39

Date for hearing 10-40Family matters 25-16—25-22Memorandum of decision, when required 10-43Memorandum of law 10-42Misjoinder and nonjoinder of parties 11-3Reasons, enumeration in motion 10-41Stricken pleading part of other cause or defense 10-45Substitute pleading, or judgment after motion granted

10-44

MOTIONS, MISCELLANEOUS, CRIMINALSee also CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

Acquittal, motion forMotion for directed verdict of, abolished 42-40Motion for judgment of 42-40


Arrest of judgment, motion in 42-56Dismiss, motion to, matters to be raised by 41-8

Appeal from denial after conditional plea of nolo conten-dere 61-6 (a) (2) (i)

Defects not requiring dismissal 41-10Remedies for 41-11

Restrictions on 41-9Electronic filing 4-4Limine, motion in 42-15Mistrial, motion for

Prejudice to defendant 42-43Prejudice to prosecution 42-44

New trial, motion for 42-53Time for filing 42-54

Where based on newly discovered evidence 42-55Pretrial motions and requests, in general 41-1, 41-2

Form and manner of making 41-6Hearings and rulings 41-7List of motions 41-3Speedy trial 43-41Time to make, waiver 41-4, 41-5

Suppress, motion to 41-12Appeal from denial after conditional plea of nolo conten-

dere 61-6 (a) (2) (i)Intercepted communications 41-14Judicial authority, when disqualified from hearing 41-17Seized property, return and suppression 41-13, 41-16Time to file 41-15

MOTOR VEHICLE OFFENSESSee generally INFRACTIONS

MUNICIPAL OFFICERSBond to, action to enforce 9-25

MUNICIPAL TAX LIENSForeclosure, allegations 10-70

NOLLE PROSEQUIGenerally 39-29—39-32

NONSUITSee generally DEFAULT JUDGMENTS

INDEX

NOTICEAlimony and support, notice of orders concerning 25-29Clerks to notify counsel and pro se parties of judgments,

decisions and rulings 7-5Criminal convictions, notice of right to appeal 43-30Default judgments 17-22, 17-36Depositions, criminal cases 40-48Ex parte temporary injunction 4-5Habeas corpus, notice of right to appeal 43-30Juvenile matters, detention 30-4Orders of notice 11-4—11-8; see ORDERS OF NOTICEPleading notice 10-68Receivers, appointment 21-1, 21-3Small claims, notice in 24-1

Notice of suit, service of 24-10Notice of time and place of hearing 24-14

OATHAdministration to jurors 16-8, 42-14Administration to witnesses 5-3Deposed witnesses, criminal cases 40-49Juvenile matters, child witnesses 34-4

OFFER OF COMPROMISESee Judgments

OFF-SITE JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGSTranscript, recording, summary of 1-24

ORAL ARGUMENTSee also APPELLATE PROCEDURE

Appellate court arguments, precedence over trial courtassignments 1-2

Argument on interlocutory questions during trial 5-5Short calendar 11-18Supreme court arguments, precedence over trial court

assignments 1-2Time limit 15-7

Criminal cases 42-37

ORDER OF TEMPORARY CUSTODYSee JUVENILE MATTERS

ORDERS OF NOTICEApplications for 11-4Attestation, publication, proof of compliance 11-7Continuance, subsequent orders of 11-5Directed outside United States 11-8Family matters 25-23, 25-28, 25-29Publication, notice by 11-6Receivers, presentation of claims to 21-7

PARENTAL RIGHTS, TERMINATION OFSee JUVENILE MATTERS

PARKING OR CITATION ASSESSMENTPetition to open 23-51

PARTIES, CIVIL ACTIONSSee also JOINDER

Addition or substitution of 9-18Motion to cite in new parties 9-22

Class actions 9-7, 9-8Adequate representation, orders to ensure 9-10Dismissal or compromise 9-9

Fiduciaries 9-11Parents as necessary parties in minor’s name change action

9-24Real party in interest 9-23Substituted plaintiff 9-20

513


PARTIES, CIVIL ACTIONS — (Cont)Third parties affected by counterclaim 9-21

PATERNITY ACTIONSRight to counsel 25-68

PERSONAL DIGITAL ASSISTANT IN COURTROOMSee MEDIA

PICTURE IDENTIFICATION CARDSee also MEDIA

Authorizing attorney use of electronic devices in courtroom1-10

PLAIN ERROR REVIEW 60-5

PLEA AGREEMENTSSee PLEAS—CRIMINAL

PLEADINGS, CIVIL ACTIONSSee also FAMILY MATTERS; JUVENILE MATTERS;

SMALL CLAIMSAdmissions

Express admissions and denials to be direct and specific10-48

In special defenses 10-52Of material allegations, implied 10-19

Alternative relief, claims for 10-25Amendments

Amendment calling for legal relief, issue to be placed onjury docket 10-64

Amount in demand 10-66As of right by plaintiff, time limit 10-59Claim against insolvent estate, amendment of 10-67Consent, order of judicial authority, or failure to object,

amendment by 10-60Contract to tort 10-65Equitable to legal relief, legal to equitable relief 10-63Pleading after amendment 10-61Time limit, amendment by plaintiff as of right 10-59Tort to contract 10-65Variance between pleadings and proof, amendment in

cases of 10-62Answer, general and special denial 10-46

Contributory negligence, pleading of 10-53Counterclaim and setoff, pleading of 10-54

Right to prosecute after withdrawal of action 10-55Denials to meet substance of allegations 10-47Express admissions and denials 10-48General denial in action by corporation on contract 10-49Response to answer by plaintiff 10-56

Matter in avoidance of answer 10-57Pleadings subsequent to reply 10-58

Special defenses 10-50Admissions and denials in 10-52Several special defenses 10-51

Closed pleadings, certification of 14-8Common counts writ, abolished 10-9Complaint, contents of 10-20Counterclaim, supplemental pleadings 10-10Dismiss, motion to see Motion to dismiss, this titleEquitable relief, claim for 10-27Exhibits as part of pleading 10-29Fact pleading 10-1Family matters 25-2—25-4, 25-7—25-11Filing and endorsing pleadings 4-3

Electronic filing 4-4Signing pleadings 4-2

Foreign law, notice of claim based on 10-3

INDEX

PLEADINGS, CIVIL ACTIONS — (Cont)Form of pleadings 4-1

Filing and endorsing pleadings 4-3Signing pleadings 4-2

Impleading, of third party defendant 10-11Implied admissions of material allegations 10-19Implied duty, unnecessary to allege 10-4Interest and costs, unnecessary to claim 10-28Joinder of causes of action 10-21

Legal and equitable relief 10-24Torts 10-23Transactions connected with same subject 10-22

Legal effect, pleading 10-2Miscellaneous special matters and required pleadings

Action by assignee of chose in action, required pleading10-72

Charters, pleading 10-73Collateral source payments, pleading 10-78Foreclosure of mortgage or real property lien, required

pleading 10-69Foreclosure of municipal liens, required pleading 10-70Incorporation by General Assembly, pleading 10-73Insurance, policy limitations or payments by insurer, spe-

cial defense of 10-79Probate appeals, required pleading 10-76

Appeals from commissioners appointed by court of pro-bate, required pleading 10-77

Probate bond 10-71Wrongful sale, wrongful conversion 10-74

Motion to dismiss 10-30Family matters 25-12—25-15Further pleading by defendant following denial 10-34Grounds 10-31Subject matter not subject to waiver 10-33Waiver of lack of personal jurisdiction, improper venue,

insufficiency of process or service 10-32Motion to strike, grounds 10-39

Date for hearing 10-40Family matters 25-16—25-22Memorandum of decision, when required 10-43Memorandum of law 10-42Reasons, enumeration in motion 10-41Substitute pleading, or judgment after motion granted

10-44Where stricken pleading part of other cause or defense

10-45Notice, pleading of 10-68Order of pleading 10-6Pleadings closed, certification of 14-8Request to revise 10-35

Granting of and objection to 10-37Reasons in 10-36Waiver of further pleading revisions 10-38

Separate counts for separate causes of action 10-26Service 10-12

Electronic delivery, service by 10-13Indifferent person, service by 10-17Method of 10-13Numerous defendants, service where 10-15Proof of service 10-14Several parties represented by one attorney 10-16

Signing pleadings 4-2Statutory grounds, allegations based on 10-3Strike, motion to, see Motion to strike, this titleThird party, impleading of by defendant 10-11Time to plead 10-8

514


PLEADINGS, CIVIL ACTIONS — (Cont)Untrue allegations or denials, payment of reasonable

expenses required 10-5Variance, in action for goods sold at reasonable price 10-75Waiver of right to plead 10-7

PLEAS—CRIMINALSee also APPEARANCE AND ARRAIGNMENT—CRIM-

INAL MATTERSAgreements, conditional pleas of guilty or nolo contendere

39-5Alternative dispositions recommended by prosecuting

authority 39-6Appeal from denial of motion to dismiss or suppress 61-

6 (a) (2) (i)Disclosure to judicial authority 39-7Rejection by judicial authority 39-10Reservation of right to appeal 61-6 (a) (2) (ii)Sentencing 39-8, 39-9

At arraignment 37-7Discussions, procedure for in general 39-1

Defendant represented or unrepresented by counsel 39-2Defense counsel, role in plea agreements 39-3Subject matter 38-4

Guilty or nolo contendere 37-8, 39-18Acceptance and canvass of defendant by judicial authority

39-19—39-21Conditional pleas of 39-5Other offenses, pleading to after finding of guilty 39-22Record of proceedings 39-24Rejected plea inadmissible 39-35Withdrawal of plea 39-26—39-28

Nolle prosequi 39-29Dismissal of information or complaint 39-32Effect of 39-31Objection by defendant 39-30

Not guilty 37-9Two part information charging former conviction 37-10, 37-

11, 39-23

PRACTICE OF LAWSee ATTORNEYS

PREJUDGMENT REMEDIESDisclosure of assets by party against whom prejudgment

remedy granted 13-13

PRESENTENCE INVESTIGATIONSee CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

PRETRIAL—CIVILAssignment for 14-11


Family matters 25-48Interactive audiovisual device, presence of incarcerated

individual by 23-68

PRETRIAL CRIMINAL PROCEDURESee CRIMINAL PROCEDURE, Appearance and

Arraignment; Arrest and preliminary procedure;Bail; Bond; Pleas

PRETRIAL RELEASESee CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

INDEX

PROBABLE CAUSESee APPEARANCE AND ARRAIGNMENT—CRIMI-

NAL MATTERS

PROBATEAction on bond 10-71Appeals, pleading in 10-76

Commissioners, appeals from, pleading in 10-77Application for removal of parent as guardian, transfer from

probate court 35a-19

PROBATE JUDICIAL CONDUCT, COUNCIL ONAppeals from decisions of, in general 75-1Appellate rules, applicability of 75-6Decision of council, statement of 75-4Fees, costs and security waived 75-3Papers to be filed 75-2Parties, proper form of reference 75-5

PROBATIONDelinquency or family with service needs, referral to proba-

tion department 27-1AInvestigation by probation officer 27-1A, 27-5, 27-8AModification of probation 31a-18Nonjudicial supervision of child 27-8APredispositional study by probation officer, consideration

at dispositional hearing 30a-5Vocational probation, definition 26-1

Revocation of 43-29Stay pending appeal 43-32

PRO HAC VICESee ATTORNEYS

PUBLIC DEFENDERAppeals by indigent defendant 43-33—43-38Appointment of 37-6

Reference to, investigation of indigency 37-5Appointment of counsel, criminal cases in general 44-1—

44-6

QUESTIONS OF LAW AND FACTSee generally JURIES—CIVIL; JURIES—CRIMINAL

RECEIVERSAccounts, semiannual 21-14Ancillary receivers 21-18Application for 21-1Appraisers and temporary receivers, appointment 21-1,

21-3Bond 21-4Business, continuance of 21-11

Reports 21-12Chambers, appointment of receiver in 21-1

Applications for orders, receiver appointed in chambers21-15

Claims, presentation 21-7Allowance and disallowance 21-8Extensions of time 21-9Hearing 21-10

Clerks, duty to enforce rules 21-16Inventory of estate, receiver to give 21-5

Insolvent estates, liquidation 21-6Permanent receivers, assignment of case for appointment

21-2Removal 21-17Rents, receivers of 21-19

Appointment 21-20Bond 21-21

515


RECEIVERS — (Cont)Rents, receivers of 21-19 — (Cont)

Discharge 21-22Orders concerning 21-23Reports 21-24

Summary of orders, semiannual, receiver to file 21-13Temporary receivers, appointment 21-1, 21-3

RECORD ON APPEALSee APPELLATE PROCEDURE

RECORDSClerks, records of cases to be kept by 7-1

Destruction of files and records 7-10Motion to prevent 7-16

Retention and stripping of files, schedule 7-11Adult probation and family division, reports from 7-14Criminal actions, records and files 7-13Title to land, files in actions affecting 7-12Transfer to records center or state library 7-15

Financial accounts, clerks to keep records of 7-3Juvenile, erasure 27-8ALodged records 7-4C

Treatment during appellate process 68-1, 77-2Motion to file record under seal 7-4BShort calendar matters, records of 7-20Unfinished record, completion of by clerk 7-9

REFERENCESSee also ARBITRATION; CIVIL ACTIONS, Fact-finding

Acceptance of report, objections 19-14, 19-15Accountant, reference to 19-19Application of rules 19-1

Dissolution of marriage or civil union, legal separation,annulment, excepted from rules 19-1

Appointment, committee or referee 19-2, 19-5Hearing on motion for 19-2

Appraiser, applicability of rules to 19-1Appraisal fees, recommendation by committee 19-8Appraisal report in eminent domain proceeding 19-6

Attorney trial referee, reference to 19-2AReport by 19-4

Auditor, applicability of rules to 19-1Cases that may be referred 19-3Committee, reference to 19-2Consent of parties 19-2, 19-3Correction of report 19-17Court, action by on report 19-17Dissolution of marriage or civil union, legal separation,

annulment, excepted from rules 19-1Effect of reference 19-6Eminent domain proceeding, appraisal report in 19-6Examination of account or books 19-19Exceptions to finding and report 19-13Extension of time 19-18Family matters 25-53Finding of facts 19-2

Request for 19-9Function of court 19-17Judge trial referee 19-3

Criminal cases 44-19Powers of superior court to be exercised by 19-3, 44-19

Judgment on report 19-16, 19-17Motions

Appointment of committee 19-2Summary judgment, reference of motion for 19-3Original action, supreme court 84a-4

Pleadings to be closed before reference made 19-7

INDEX

REFERENCES — (Cont)Recommendations by counsel 19-5Report 19-8

Acceptance 19-14, 19-15Alternative claims, report on 19-10Amendment 19-11Attorney trial referee, report by 19-4Judgment on 19-16Objections 19-14, 19-15Rejection 19-17

Request for finding 19-9Revocation of reference 19-6Senior judge, applicability of rules to 19-1Summary judgment, reference of motion for 19-3

REMITTITURJudgment too large 17-3Motion for 16-35

REQUESTSSee MOTIONS, APPLICATIONS AND REQUESTS,

CIVIL, MISCELLANEOUS

REQUESTS TO CHARGECivil trials 16-20—16-23Criminal trials 42-16—42-18

RESCRIPTSTo be sent to trial court and appellate clerk 71-4

RESERVATIONSProcedure, form 73-1

RETENTION AND DESTRUCTION OF FILES ANDRECORDS 7-10—7-16

RULES OF COURTAppellate rules, applicability of changes to pending appeals

86-2Effective date 1-9

Appellate rules 86-1Liberal interpretation of 1-8

Appellate rules 60-1Promulgation and publication 1-9

Appellate rules 86-1Judicial website, placement of rules information on 1-9A

Scope 1-1

SEALING FILES OR LIMITING DISCLOSURECivil cases 11-20ACriminal cases 42-49A

Affidavit supporting arrest warrant application 36-2During appellate process 77-2Family matters 25-59AIdentification of cases 7-4AMotion to file record under seal 7-4B

Lodging record 7-4C

SENTENCE REVIEWSee SENTENCING

SENTENCINGCorrection of illegal sentence 43-22Defendant’s right to make statement 43-10Defense counsel

Correction of presentence investigation report 43-14Disclosure of undisclosed plea agreement 43-15Supplementary documents, submission of 43-16

Definite sentence, reduction of 43-21Hearing, procedure 43-10

516


SENTENCING — (Cont)Illegal sentence, correction of 43-22Mittimus, where sentence includes fine as well as imprison-

ment 43-20Prosecuting authority, role 43-11

Disclosure of plea agreement 43-12Reduction of definite sentence 43-21Sentence review

Application for, time for filing 43-24Counsel, representation by before sentence review divi-

sion 43-23Documents, preparation by clerk 43-25, 43-26Hearing, briefs and memoranda 43-27Scope of review 43-28

Stay pending appeal 61-13Victim, participation at 43-10

SERVICESee PLEADINGS—CIVIL ACTIONS

SHORT CALENDARGenerally 11-13

Assignments automatic 11-15Continuances 11-16Default for failure to appear, motion for not on short calendar

17-29Family matters, 25-23, 25-34Frequency, time of sessions, lists 11-14Interactive audiovisual device, presence of incarcerated

individual by 23-68Juvenile matters 34a-2—34a-4Motion to strike, family matters 25-17Oral argument 11-18Records to be kept by clerks 7-20Time limit for deciding matters 11-19Transfers 11-17Unemployment compensation appeals to be claimed for

22-2

SMALL CLAIMSActions, institution 24-3, 24-8

Alternative method of institution 24-13Answer, date 24-12

Failure to file 24-25Notice of defense 24-16

Filing claims, where 24-4Notice of suit, service 24-10

Undelivered notice, further notice 24-11Pleadings

Amendment of claim, answer, counterclaim or setoff24-20

Answer, notice of defense 24-16Counterclaim or setoff, claim for 24-19Deposition or documents, request 24-20ADismiss, motion to 24-20Prohibited pleadings 24-17Setoff or counterclaim, claim for 24-19Time to pay, request for 24-16

Service, notice of suit 24-10Undelivered writ and notice, further notice 24-11

Writ, preparation of 24-9Affidavits required for judgment 24-24Allowable actions 24-2Applicability of rules, limitations 24-2Attorney, services of not required 24-1Costs 24-33Default judgments 24-24Definition of representative 24-6

INDEX

SMALL CLAIMS — (Cont)Dismissal for failure to obtain judgment 24-27Execution, application for 24-32File, what constitutes 24-7Hearings

Continuances 24-15Failure of party to appear 24-26Notice of time and place 24-14Scheduling 24-15

Judgments 24-24Appear, failure of party to 24-26Dismissal of action for failure to obtain 24-27Execution, application for 24-32Finality 24-28Notice of 24-29Opening, costs 24-31Satisfaction 24-30Time limit on 24-29Written decision, when required 24-29

Purpose of 24-1Regular docket, transfer to 24-21Representative, definition of 24-6Subpoenas, issuance by clerk 24-22Transfer to regular docket 24-21Venue 24-25

Where claims to be filed 24-4Witnesses 24-33

SPEEDY TRIALSee CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

STATEWIDE GRIEVANCE COMMITTEESee ATTORNEYS

STAY OF EXECUTION PENDING APPEALSee APPELLATE PROCEDURE

STRIKE, MOTION TOGenerally 10-39—10-45

SUBPOENASGenerally 13-27, 13-28; see also DISCOVERY AND

DEPOSITIONS—CIVILCriminal cases, subpoenas for documents or objects 40-2Issuance by clerk for pro se parties 7-19Juvenile matters 32a-2Small claims, issuance by clerk 24-22

SUMMARY JUDGMENTSAffidavits, bad faith 17-48Affidavits, form 17-46Appropriate documents, unavailability 17-47Habeas corpus

Civil cases 23-34, 23-37Family cases 25-46

Judgment 17-49Judgment for part of claim 17-51Motion for, proceedings upon 17-45Triable issue as to damages only 17-50

SUMMARY PROCESSDefault for failure to appear 17-30Executions 17-53

SUMMONS AND COMPLAINT—CRIMINALSee ARREST AND PRELIMINARY CRIMINAL PRO-

CEDURE

517


SUPERIOR COURTSee also CLERKS; FILES; RECORDS

Adjournment 1-13County court designations, admission of attorneys 2-1Divisions 1-3

Civil 1-5Criminal 1-6Family 1-4Housing 1-7

Judicial authority, disqualification 1-22Motion for 1-23

Opening 1-12Recess 1-13

SUPPORT ENFORCEMENT OFFICERServices by 25-67

SUPREME COURTSee generally APPELLATE PROCEDURE

TERMINATION OF PARENTAL RIGHTSSee JUVENILE MATTERS

THIRD PARTYImpleading in civil action 10-11

TRANSCRIPT, APPELLATE PROCEDUREElectronic 63-8AOrdering and filing 63-8Rectification, motion for 66-5Statement concerning, filing with appeal 63-4 (a)

Amendment 63-4 (b)

TRANSFER OF ACTIONS 12-1—12-3Small claims to regular docket 24-21Wrong court, appeals brought to 65-4

TRIALS IN GENERALSee also ASSIGNMENT FOR TRIAL—CIVIL; EVI-

DENCE; JURIES—CIVIL; JURIES—CRIMINAL;VERDICT

Briefs 5-1Page limitations 4-6

Civil actions, consolidation for trial 9-5Counsel

Argument by 15-5—15-7Criminal trials, time limits 42-37

Failure to appear by, sanctions 5-10New trial, motion for 17-4AOrder of parties proceeding 15-5Order of trial of issues 15-1Public, exclusion

Expedited review of order 77-1From civil proceedings 11-20From criminal trials 42-48

Question of law that may be subject of appeal, raising 5-2Separate trials 15-2

UNEMPLOYMENT COMPENSATIONAppeals from employment security board of review

Filing and form of appeal 22-1Finding of board 22-3

Correction, motion for by appellant 22-4Additional evidence, filing by appellee 22-5Decision of board, challenge to 22-8Duty of board 22-7Motion by appellee 22-6

Hearing, assignment for, privileged status 22-2Record 22-1

INDEX

UNEMPLOYMENT COMPENSATION — (Cont)Appeals from employment security board of review — (Cont)

Time limit 22-1Court, function on appeal 22-9

VERDICTCivil actions

Acceptance of 16-31Communication with jurors prohibited 16-14Deliberations by jury 16-16Directed verdict, reservation of decision on motion for

16-37Discharge of jury 16-33Impeachment of verdict 16-34In excess of amount in demand 16-19Judgment on verdict 16-13, 17-2Jury interrogatories 16-18Memorandum of decision by trial court 64-1, 64-2Motion for directed verdict, reservation of decision on

16-37Polling jury after verdict 16-32Postverdict motions: additur, arrest of judgment, remittitur,

set aside verdict, new trial, collateral source reduction16-35

Reduce verdict, motion to 16-36Reduction by judicial authority 16-19Return of jury for reconsideration 16-17Return of verdict 16-30Setting aside, memorandum on 16-38

Criminal mattersAcceptance of verdict 42-30Acquittal

Judgment of following guilty verdict 42-51Motion for directed verdict of abolished 42-40Motion for judgment of 42-40


Communication with jurors prohibited 42-8Deliberations by jury 42-21Directed verdict of acquittal, motion for abolished 42-40Discharge of jury 42-32Impeachment of verdict 42-33Inability of jury to reach verdict 42-45Lesser included offense, modification of verdict 42-51Memorandum of decision by trial court 64-1, 64-2New trial, time limit for motion following verdict 42-54

518


VERDICT — (Cont)Criminal matters — (Cont)

Polling jury after verdict 42-31Return of verdict 42-29Submission of facts to jury 42-20

VICTIMInquiry concerning during presentence investigation 43-4Participation at sentencing 43-10Statement of at dispositional hearing, delinquency, family

with service needs or youth in crisis 30a-6

VOIR DIRESee JURIES

WARRANTSee ARREST AND PRELIMINARY CRIMINAL PRO-

CEDURE

WITNESSESAbsent witness, missing evidence 14-24Child witness, juvenile matters 34-3Discovery concerning, criminal cases 40-13Examination of 5-4

Oath, administration of 5-3Expert, appointment by judicial authority in family matters

25-33Experts, criminal cases 40-18—40-20Experts, disclosure of 13-4Fees


Sequestration, criminal cases 42-36Small claims 24-23

WORKERS’ COMPENSATION APPEALSApplicability of appellate rules 76-1Case file, exhibits 76-3Definitions 76-6Fees and costs 76-4Filing appeal 76-2Reservation of case for appellate decision 76-5

WRITS OF ERRORGenerally 72-1

Appellate rules, applicability of 72-4Assignments of error 23-50Copy of record not to be taxed in costs 18-6Form 72-2Procedure applicable 72-3Withdrawal 63-9

APPENDIX OF FORMS

APPENDIX OF FORMS

Table of Contents

101 Heading of Pleadings, Motions and Requests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520201 Plaintiff’s Interrogatories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521202 Defendant’s Interrogatories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525203 Plaintiff’s Interrogatories—Premises Liability Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531204 Plaintiff’s Requests for Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533205 Defendant’s Requests for Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534206 Plaintiff’s Requests for Production—Premises Liability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536

519


APPENDIX OF FORMSForm 101

Form 101

Heading of Pleadings, Motions and Requests

No.

Superior Court(First Named Plaintiff)

Judicial District of (or) G.A. No.

v.

at

(First Named Defendant) (Date)

(Name or Designation of Pleading or Motion)

(P.B. 1963, Form 249; P.B. 1978-1997, Form 105.1)

520


APPENDIX OF FORMS Form 201

Form 201

Plaintiff’s Interrogatories

No. CV- : SUPERIOR COURT(Plaintiff) : JUDICIAL DISTRICT OFVS. : AT(Defendant) : (Date)

The undersigned, on behalf of the Plaintiff, hereby propounds the following interrogatories to beanswered by the Defendant, , under oath, within thirty (30) days of the filing hereofinsofar as the disclosure sought will be of assistance in the prosecution of this action and can beprovided by the Defendant with substantially greater facility than could otherwise be obtained. Definition:‘‘You’’ shall mean the Defendant to whom these interrogatories are directed except that if that Defendanthas been sued as the representative of the estate of a decedent, ward, or incapable person, ‘‘you’’shall also refer to the Defendant’s decedent, ward or incapable person unless the context of aninterrogatory clearly indicates otherwise.

(1) State the following:

(a) your full name and any other name(s) by which you have been known;

(b) your date of birth;

(c) your motor vehicle operator’s license number;

(d) your home address;

(e) your business address;

(f) if you were not the owner of the subject vehicle, the name and address of the owner or lessorof the subject vehicle on the date of the alleged occurrence.

(2) Have you made any statements, as defined in Practice Book Section 13-1, to any person regardingany of the incidents alleged in the Complaint?

COMMENT:

This interrogatory is intended to include party statements made to a representative of an insurance company prior to involvementof defense counsel.

(3) If the answer to Interrogatory #2 is affirmative, state:

(a) the name and address of the person or persons to whom such statements were made;

(b) the date on which such statements were made;

(c) the form of the statement (i.e., whether written, made by recording device or recorded by astenographer, etc.);

(d) the name and address of each person having custody, or a copy or copies of each statement.

(4) State the names and addresses of all persons known to you who were present at the time ofthe incident alleged in the Complaint or who observed or witnessed all or part of the incident.

521



(5) As to each individual named in response to Interrogatory #4, state whether to your knowledge,or the knowledge of your attorney, such individual has given any statement or statements as definedin Practice Book Section 13-1 concerning the subject matter of the Complaint in this lawsuit. If youranswer to this Interrogatory is affirmative, state also:

(a) the date on which the statement or statements were taken;

(b) the names and addresses of the person or persons who took such statement or statements;

(c) the names and addresses of any person or persons present when such statement or statementswere taken;

(d) whether such statement or statements were written, made by recording device or taken by courtreporter or stenographer;

(e) the names and addresses of any person or persons having custody or a copy or copies or suchstatement or statements.

(6) Are you aware of any photographs depicting the accident scene, any vehicle involved in theincident alleged in the Complaint, or any condition or injury alleged to have been caused by the incidentalleged in the Complaint? If so, for each set of photographs taken of each such subject by eachphotographer, please state:

(a) the name and address of the photographer, other than an expert who will not testify at trial;

(b) the dates on which such photographs were taken;

(c) the subject (e.g., ‘‘Plaintiff’s vehicle,’’ ‘‘scene,’’ etc.);

(d) the number of photographs.

(7) If, at the time of the incident alleged in the Complaint, you were covered by an insurance policyunder which an insurer may be liable to satisfy part or all of a judgment or reimburse you for paymentsto satisfy part or all of a judgment, state the following:

(a) the name(s) and address(es) of the insured(s);

(b) the amount of coverage under each insurance policy;

(c) the name(s) and address(es) of said insurer(s).

(8) If at the time of the incident which is the subject of this lawsuit you were protected against the typeof risk which is the subject of this lawsuit by excess umbrella insurance, or any other insurance, state:

(a) the name(s) and address(es) of the named insured;

(b) the amount of coverage effective at this time;

(c) the name(s) and address(es) of said insurer(s).

(9) State whether any insurer, as described in Interrogatories #7 and #8 above, has disclaimed/reserved its duty to indemnify any insured or any other person protected by said policy.

(10) If applicable, describe in detail the damage to your vehicle.

522



(11) If applicable, please state the name and address of an appraiser or firm which appraised orrepaired the damage to the vehicle owned or operated by you.

(12) If any of the Defendants are deceased, please state the date and place of death, whether anestate has been created, and the name and address of the legal representative thereof.

(13) If any of the Defendants is a business entity that has changed its name or status as a businessentity (whether by dissolution, merger, acquisition, name change, or in any other manner) since thedate of the incident alleged in the Complaint, please identify such Defendant, state the date of thechange, and describe the change.

(14) If you were the operator of any motor vehicle involved in the incident that is the subject of thisaction, please state whether, at the time of the incident, you were operating that vehicle in the courseof your employment with any person or legal entity not named as a party to this lawsuit, and, if so,state the full name and address of that person or entity.

(15) If you were the operator of any motor vehicle involved in the incident that is the subject of thisaction, please state whether you consumed or used any alcoholic beverages, drugs or medicationswithin the eight (8) hours next preceding the time of the incident alleged in the Complaint and, if so,indicate what you consumed or used, how much you consumed, and when.

(16) Please state whether, within eight (8) hours after the incident alleged in the Complaint, anytesting was performed to determine the presence of alcohol, drugs or other medications in your blood,and, if so, state:

(a) the name and address of the hospital, person or entity performing such test or screen;

(b) the date and time;

(c) the results.

(17) Please identify surveillance material discoverable under Practice Book Section 13-3 (c), bystating the name and address of any person who obtained or prepared any and all recordings, by film,photograph, videotape, audiotape, or any other digital or electronic means, of any party concerningthis lawsuit or its subject matter, including any transcript thereof which are in your possession or controlor in the possession or control of your attorney, and state the date on which each such recordingswere obtained and the person or persons of whom each such recording was made.

PLAINTIFF,

BY

I, , hereby certify that I have reviewed the above Interrogatories and responses theretoand that they are true and accurate to the best of my knowledge and belief. (Defendant)Subscribed and sworn to before me this day of , 20 .

Notary Public/Commissioner of the Superior Court

523



CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that a copy of the foregoing has been mailed, this day of ,20 to (names and addresses of all opposing counsel and pro se parties upon whom service isrequired by Practice Book Section 10-12 et seq.).

(Attorney Signature)(P.B. 1978–1997, Form 106.10A.) (Amended June 21, 2004, to take effect Jan. 1, 2005; amended June 29, 2007, to take

effect Jan. 1, 2008.)

524



Form 202

Defendant’s Interrogatories


The undersigned, on behalf of the Defendant, hereby propounds the following interrogatories to beanswered by the Plaintiff , under oath, within thirty (30) days of the filing hereofinsofar as the disclosure sought will be of assistance in the defense of this action and can be providedby the Plaintiff with substantially greater facility than could otherwise be obtained.

Definition: ‘‘You’’ shall mean the Plaintiff to whom these interrogatories are directed except that ifsuit has been instituted by the representative of the estate of a decedent, ward, or incapable person,‘‘you’’ shall also refer to the Plaintiff’s decedent, ward or incapable person unless the context of aninterrogatory clearly indicates otherwise.

(1) State the following:

(a) your full name and any other name(s) by which you have been known;

(b) your date of birth;

(c) your motor vehicle operator’s license number;

(d) your home address;

(e) your business address;

(f) if you were not the owner of the subject vehicle, the name and address of the owner or lessorof the subject vehicle on the date of the alleged occurrence.

(2) Identify and list each injury you claim to have sustained as a result of the incidents alleged inthe Complaint.

(3) When, where and from whom did you first receive treatment for said injuries?

(4) If you were treated at a hospital for injuries sustained in the alleged incident, state the nameand location of each hospital and the dates of such treatment and confinement therein.

(5) State the name and address of each physician, therapist or other source of treatment for theconditions or injuries you sustained as a result of the incident alleged in your Complaint.

(6) When and from whom did you last receive any medical attention for injuries alleged to havebeen sustained as a result of the incident alleged in your Complaint?

(7) On what date were you fully recovered from the injuries or conditions alleged in your Complaint?

(8) If you claim you are not fully recovered, state precisely from what injuries or conditions you arepresently suffering?

(9) Are you presently under the care of any doctor or other health care provider for the treatmentof injuries alleged to have been sustained as a result of the incident alleged in your Complaint?

525



(10) If the answer to Interrogatory #9 is in the affirmative, state the name and address of eachphysician or other health care provider who is treating you.

(11) Do you claim any present disability resulting from injuries or conditions allegedly sustained asa result of the incident alleged in your Complaint?

(12) If so, state the nature of the disability claimed.

(13) Do you claim any permanent disability resulting from said incident?

(14) If the answer to Interrogatory #13 is in the affirmative, please answer the following:

(a) list the parts of your body which are disabled;

(b) list the motions, activities or use of your body which you have lost or which you are unableto perform;

(c) state the percentage of loss of use claimed as to each part of your body;

(d) state the name and address of the person who made the prognosis for permanent disability andthe percentage of loss of use;

(e) list the date for each such prognosis.

(15) If you were or are confined to your home or your bed as a result of injuries or conditionssustained as a result of the incident alleged in your Complaint, state the dates you were so confined.

(16) List each medical report received by you or your attorney relating to your alleged injuries orconditions by stating the name and address of the treating doctor or other health care provider, andof any doctor or health care person you anticipate calling as a trial witness, who provided each suchreport and the date thereof.

(17) List each item of expense which you claim to have incurred as a result of the incident allegedin your Complaint, the amount thereof and state the name and address of the person or organizationto whom each item has been paid or is payable.

(18) For each item of expense identified in response to Interrogatory #17, if any such expense, orportion thereof, has been paid or reimbursed or is reimbursable by an insurer, state, as to each suchitem of expense, the name of the insurer that made such payment or reimbursement or that is responsiblefor such reimbursement.

(19) If, during the ten year period prior to the date of the incident alleged in the Complaint, you wereunder a doctor’s care for any conditions which were in any way similar or related to those identifiedand listed in your response to Interrogatory #2, state the nature of said conditions, the dates on whichtreatment was received, and the name of the doctor or health care provider.

(20) If, during the ten year period prior to the date of the incident alleged in your Complaint, youwere involved in any incident in which you received personal injuries similar or related to those identifiedand listed in your response to Interrogatory #2, please answer the following with respect to each suchearlier incident:

(a) on what date and in what manner did you sustain such injuries?

526



(b) did you make a claim against anyone as a result of said accident?

(c) if so, provide the name and address of the person or persons against whom a claim was made;

(d) if suit was brought, state the name and location of the Court, the return date of the suit, and thedocket number;

(e) state the nature of the injuries received in said accident;

(f) state the name and address of each physician who treated you for said injuries;

(g) state the dates on which you were so treated;

(h) state the nature of the treatment received on each such date;

(i) if you are presently or permanently disabled as a result of said injuries, please state the natureof such disability, the name and address of each physician who diagnosed said disability and the dateof each such diagnosis.

(21) If you were involved in any incident in which you received personal injuries since the date ofthe incident alleged in the Complaint, please answer the following:

(a) on what date and in what manner did you sustain said injuries?

(b) did you make a claim against anyone as a result of said accident?

(c) if so, provide the name and address of the person or persons against whom a claim was made;

(d) if suit was brought, state the name and location of the Court, the return date of the suit, and thedocket number;

(e) state the nature of the injuries received in said accident;

(f) state the name and address of each physician who treated you for said injuries;

(g) state the dates on which you were so treated;

(h) state the nature of the treatment received on each such date;

(i) if you are presently or permanently disabled as a result of said injuries, please state the natureof such disability, the name and address of each physician who diagnosed said disability and the dateof each such diagnosis.

(22) Please state the name and address of any medical service provider who has rendered anopinion in writing or through testimony that you have sustained a permanent disability to any body partother than those listed in response to Interrogatories #13, #14, #20 or #21, and:

(a) list each such part of your body that has been assessed a permanent disability;

(b) state the percentage of loss of use assessed as to each part of your body;

(c) state the date on which each such assessment was made.

527



(23) If you claim that as a result of the incident alleged in your Complaint you were prevented fromfollowing your usual occupation, or otherwise lost time from work, please provide the following infor-mation:

(a) the name and address of your employer on the date of the incident alleged in the Complaint;

(b) the nature of your occupation and a precise description of your job responsibilities with saidemployer on the date of the incident alleged in the Complaint;

(c) your average, weekly earnings, salary, or income received from said employment for the yearpreceding the date of the incident alleged in the Complaint;

(d) the date following the date of the incident alleged in the Complaint on which you resumed theduties of said employment;

(e) what loss of income do you claim as a result of the incident alleged in your Complaint and howis said loss computed?

(f) the dates on which you were unable to perform the duties of your occupation and lost time fromwork as a result of injuries or conditions claimed to have been sustained as a result of the incidentalleged in your Complaint;

(g) the names and addresses of each employer for whom you worked for three years prior to thedate of the incident alleged in your Complaint.

(24) Do you claim an impairment of earning capacity?

(25) List any other expenses or loss and the amount thereof not already set forth and which youclaim to have incurred as a result of the incident alleged in your Complaint.

(26) If you have signed a covenant not to sue, a release or discharge of any claim you had, haveor may have against any person, corporation or other entity as a result of the incident alleged in yourComplaint, please state in whose favor it was given, the date thereof, and the consideration paid toyou for giving it.

(27) If you or anyone on your behalf agreed or made an agreement with any person, corporationor other entity to limit in any way the liability of such person, corporation or other entity as a result ofany claim you have or may have as a result of the incident alleged in your Complaint, please state inwhose favor it was given, the date thereof, and the consideration paid to you for giving it.

(28) If since the date of the incident alleged in your Complaint, you have made any claims for Workers’Compensation benefits, state the nature of such claims and the dates on which they were made.

(29) Have you made any statements, as defined in Practice Book Section 13-1, to any personregarding any of the events or happenings alleged in your Complaint?

COMMENT:

This interrogatory is intended to include party statements made to a representative of an insurance company prior to involvementof defense counsel.

(30) State the names and addresses of all persons known to you who were present at the time ofthe incident alleged in your Complaint or who observed or witnessed all or part of the accident.

528



(31) As to each individual named in response to Interrogatory #30, state whether to your knowledge,or the knowledge of your attorney, such individual has given any statement or statements as definedin Practice Book Section 13-1 concerning the subject matter of your Complaint or alleged injuries. Ifyour answer to this Interrogatory is affirmative, state also:

(a) the date on which such statement or statements were taken;

(b) the names and addresses of the person or persons who took such statement or statements;

(c) the names and addresses of any person or persons present when such statement or statementswere taken;

(d) whether such statement or statements were written, made by recording device or taken by courtreporter or stenographer;

(e) the names and addresses of any person or persons having custody or a copy or copies of suchstatement or statements.

(32) Are you aware of any photographs depicting the accident scene, any vehicle involved in theincident alleged in the Complaint, or any condition of injury alleged to have been caused by the incidentalleged in the Complaint? If so, for each set of photographs taken of each such subject by eachphotographer, please state:

(a) the name and address of the photographer, other than an expert who will not testify at trial;

(b) the dates on which such photographs were taken;

(c) the subject (e.g., ‘‘Plaintiff’s vehicle,’’ ‘‘scene,’’ etc.);

(d) the number of photographs.

(33) If you were the operator of any motor vehicle involved in the incident that is the subject of thisaction, please state whether you consumed or used any alcoholic beverages, drugs or medicationswithin the eight (8) hours next preceding the time of the incident alleged in the Complaint and, if so,indicate what you consumed or used, how much you consumed, and when.

(34) Please state whether, within eight (8) hours after the incident alleged in the Complaint, anytesting was performed to determine the presence of alcohol, drugs or other medications in your blood,and, if so, state:

(a) the name and address of the hospital, person or entity performing such test or screen;

(b) the date and time;

(c) the results.

(35) Please identify surveillance material discoverable under Practice Book Section 13-3 (c), bystating the name and address of any person who obtained or prepared any and all recordings, by film,photograph, videotape, audiotape or any other digital or electronic means, of any party concerning thislawsuit or its subject matter, including any transcript thereof which are in your possession or controlor in the possession or control of your attorney, and state the date on which each such recordingswere obtained and the person or persons of whom each such recording was made.

529



DEFENDANT,

BY

I, , hereby certify that I have reviewed the above Interrogatories and responsesthereto and that they are true and accurate to the best of my knowledge and belief.

(Plaintiff)

Subscribed and sworn to before me this day of , 20 .

Notary Public

CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that a copy of the foregoing has been mailed, this day of, 20 to .

(Attorney Signature)(P.B. 1978–1997, Form 106.10B.) (Amended June 21, 2004, to take effect Jan. 1, 2005, amended June 29, 2007, to take


530



Form 203

Plaintiff’s InterrogatoriesPremises Liability Cases


The undersigned, on behalf of the Plaintiff, hereby propounds the following interrogatories to beanswered by the Defendant, , under oath, within thirty (30) days of the filinghereof insofar as the disclosure sought will be of assistance in the prosecution of this action and canbe provided by the Defendant with substantially greater facility than could otherwise be obtained.

(1) Identify the person(s) who, at the time of the Plaintiff’s alleged injury, owned the premises wherethe Plaintiff claims to have been injured.

(a) If the owner is a natural person, please state:

(i) your name and any other name by which you have been known;

(ii) your date of birth;

(iii) your home address;

(iv) your business address.

(b) If the owner is not a natural person, please state:

(i) your name and any other name by which you have been known;

(ii) your business address;

(iii) the nature of your business entity (corporation, partnership, etc.);

(iv) whether you are registered to do business in Connecticut;

(v) the name of the manager of the property, if applicable.

(2) Identify the person(s) who, at the time of the Plaintiff’s alleged injury, had a possessory interest(e.g., tenants) in the premises where the Plaintiff claims to have been injured.

(3) Identify the person(s) responsible for the maintenance and inspection of the premises at the timeand place where the Plaintiff claims to have been injured.

(4) State whether you had in effect at the time of the Plaintiff’s injuries any written policies orprocedures that relate to the kind of conduct or condition the Plaintiff alleges caused the injury.

(5) State whether it is your business practice to prepare, or obtain from your employees, a writtenreport of the circumstances surrounding injuries sustained by persons on the subject premises.

(6) State whether any written report of the incident described in the Complaint was prepared by youor your employees in the regular course of business.

531



(7) State whether any warnings or caution signs or barriers were erected at or near the scene ofthe incident at the time the Plaintiff claims to have been injured.

(8) If the answer to the previous interrogatory is in the affirmative, please state:

(a) the name, address and employer of the person who erected the warning or caution signs or barriers;

(b) the name, address and employer who instructed the person to erect the warning or caution signsor barriers;

(c) the time and date a sign or barrier was erected;

(d) the size of the sign or barrier and wording that appeared thereon.

(9) State whether you received, at any time six months before the incident described by the Plaintiff,complaints from anyone about the defect or condition that the Plaintiff claims caused the Plaintiff’s injury.

(10) If the answer to the previous interrogatory is in the affirmative, please state:

(a) the name and address of the person who made the complaint;

(b) the name, address and person to whom said complaint was made;

(c) whether the complaint was in writing;

(d) the nature of the complaint.

(11) Please identify surveillance material discoverable under Practice Book Section 13-3 (c), bystating the name and address of any person who obtained or prepared any and all recordings, by film,photograph, videotape, audiotape or any other digital or electronic means, of any party concerning thislawsuit or its subject matter, including any transcript thereof which are in your possession or controlor in the possession or control of your attorney, and state the date on which each such recordingswere obtained and the person or persons of whom each such recording was made.

12-23. (Interrogatories #1 (a) through (e), #2 through #9, #12, #13 and #16 of Form 201 may beused to complete this standard set of interrogatories.)

PLAINTIFF,

BY(P.B. 1978–1997, Form 106.10C.) (Amended June 20, 2005, to take effect Jan. 1, 2006; amended June 29, 2007, to take


532



Form 204

Plaintiff’s Requests for Production


The Plaintiff(s) hereby request(s) that the Defendant provide counsel for the Plaintiff(s) with copiesof the documents described in the following requests for production, or afford counsel for said Plaintiff(s)the opportunity or, if necessary, sufficient written authorization, to inspect, copy, photograph or otherwisereproduce said documents. The production of such documents, copies or written authorization shalltake place at the offices of on (day), (date) at (time).

Definition: ‘‘You’’ shall mean the Defendant to whom these interrogatories are directed except thatif that Defendant has been sued as the representative of the estate of a decedent, ward, or incapableperson, ‘‘you’’ shall also refer to the Defendant’s decedent, ward or incapable person unless the contextof an interrogatory clearly indicates otherwise.

(1) A copy of the appraisal or bill for repairs as identified in response to Interrogatory #11.(2) A copy of declaration page(s) of each insurance policy identified in response to Interrogatory #7

and/or #8.(3) If the answer to Interrogatory #9 is in the affirmative, a copy of the complete policy contents of

each insurance policy identified in response to Interrogatory #7 and/or #8.(4) A copy of any photographs identified in response to Interrogatory #6.(5) A copy of any nonprivileged statement, as defined in Practice Book Section 13-1, of any party

in this lawsuit concerning this action or its subject matter.(6) A copy of all lease agreements pertaining to any motor vehicle involved in the incident which is

the subject of this action, which was owned or operated by you or your employee, and all documentsreferenced or incorporated therein.

(7) A copy of all records of blood alcohol testing or drug screens referred to in answer to Interrogatory#16, or a signed authorization, sufficient to comply with the provisions of the Health Insurance Portabilityand Accountability Act or those of the Public Health Service Act, whichever is applicable, to obtain thesame for each hospital, person or entity that performed such test or screen. Information obtainedpursuant to the provisions of HIPAA or the Public Health Service Act shall not be used or disclosedby the parties for any purpose other than the litigation or proceeding for which such informationis requested.

(8) A copy of each and every recording of surveillance material discoverable under Practice BookSection 13-3 (c), by film, photograph, videotape, audiotape or any other digital or electronic means,of any party to this lawsuit concerning this lawsuit or the subject matter thereof, including any transcriptof such recording.

PLAINTIFF,

BY

CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that a copy of the foregoing has been mailed, this day of ,20 to .

(Attorney Signature)(P.B. 1978–1997, Form 106.11A.) (Amended June 21, 2004, to take effect Jan. 1, 2005; amended June 20, 2005, to take

effect Jan. 1, 2006; amended June 26, 2007, to take effect Jan. 1, 2008.)

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Form 205

Defendant’s Requests for Production


The Defendant(s) hereby request(s) that the Plaintiff provide counsel for the Defendant(s) withcopies of the documents described in the following requests for production, or afford counsel for saidDefendant(s) the opportunity or, where requested, sufficient written authorization, to inspect, copy,photograph or otherwise reproduce said documents. The production of such documents, copies orwritten authorizations shall take place at the offices of not later thanthirty (30) days after the service of the Requests for Production.

(1) All hospital records relating to treatment received as a result of the alleged incident, and toinjuries, diseases or defects to which reference is made in the answers to Interrogatories #19, #20,#21 and #22, or written authorization, sufficient to comply with the provisions of the Health InsurancePortability and Accountability Act, to inspect and make copies of said hospital records. Informationobtained pursuant to the provisions of HIPAA shall not be used or disclosed by the parties for anypurpose other than the litigation or proceeding for which such information is requested.

(2) All reports and records of all doctors and all other care providers relating to treatment allegedlyreceived by the Plaintiff(s) as a result of the alleged incident, and to the injuries, diseases or defectsto which reference is made in the answers to Interrogatories #19, #20, #21 and #22 (exclusive of anyrecords prepared or maintained by a licensed psychiatrist or psychologist) or written authorization,sufficient to comply with provisions of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, to inspectand make copies of said reports. Information obtained pursuant to the provisions of HIPAA shall notbe used or disclosed by the parties for any purpose other than the litigation or proceeding for whichsuch information is requested.

(3) Copies of, or sufficient written authorization to inspect and make copies of, the wage andemployment records of all employers of the Plaintiff(s) for three (3) years prior to the date of the incidentand for all years subsequent to the date of the incident to and including the date hereof.

(4) If a claim of impaired earning capacity or lost wages is being alleged, provide copies of, orsufficient written authorization to obtain copies of, that part of all income tax returns relating to lostincome filed by the Plaintiff(s) for a period of three (3) years prior to the date of the incident and forall years subsequent to the date of the incident through the time of trial.

(5) All property damage bills that are claimed to have been incurred as a result of this incident.

(6) All medical bills that are claimed to have been incurred as a result of this incident or writtenauthorization, sufficient to comply with the provisions of the Health Insurance Portability and Account-

ability Act, to inspect and make copies of said medical bills. Information obtained pursuant to theprovisions of HIPAA shall not be used or disclosed by the parties for any purpose other than thelitigation or proceeding for which such information is requested.

(7) All bills for each item of expense that is claimed to have been incurred in the answer to Interroga-tory #18, and not already provided in response to ¶5 and ¶6 above.

(8) Copies of all documentation of claims of right to reimbursement provided to the Plaintiff by thirdparty payors, and copies of, or written authorization, sufficient to comply with provisions of the Health

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Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, to obtain any and all documentation of payments madeby a third party for medical services received or premiums paid to obtain such payment. Informationobtained pursuant to the provisions of HIPAA shall not be used or disclosed by the parties for anypurpose other than the litigation or proceeding for which such information is requested.

(9) All documents identified or referred to in the answers to Interrogatory #26..

(10) A copy of any nonprivileged statement, as defined in Practice Book Section 13-1, of any partyin this lawsuit concerning this action or its subject matter.

(11) Any and all photographs identified in response to Interrogatory #32.

(12) A copy of all records of blood alcohol testing or drug screens referred to in answer to Interrogatory#35, or a signed authorization, sufficient to comply with the provisions of the Health Insurance Portabilityand Accountability Act or those of the Public Health Service Act, whichever is applicable, to obtain thesame. Information obtained pursuant to the provisions of HIPAA or the Public Health Service Act shallnot be used or disclosed by the parties for any purpose other than the litigation or proceeding for whichsuch information is requested.


DEFENDANT,

BY

CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that a copy of the foregoing has been mailed, this day of ,20 to .

(Attorney Signature)(P.B. 1978–1997, Form 106.11B.) (Amended June 21, 2004, to take effect Jan. 1, 2005; amended June 20, 2005, to take

effect Jan. 1, 2006; amended June 26, 2007, to take effect Jan. 1, 2008.)

535



Form 206

Plaintiff’s Requests for ProductionPremises Liability


The Plaintiff hereby requests that the Defendant provide counsel for the Plaintiff with copies of thedocuments described in the following requests for production, or afford counsel for said Plaintiff theopportunity or, if necessary, sufficient written authorization, to inspect, copy, photograph or otherwisereproduce said documents. The production of such documents, copies or written authorization shalltake place at the offices of on on (day), (date) at (time).

(1) A copy of the policies or procedures identified in response to Interrogatory #4.

(2) A copy of the report identified in response to Interrogatory #6.

(3) A copy of any written complaints identified in Interrogatory #10.

(4) A copy of declaration page(s) evidencing the insurance policy or policies identified in responseto Interrogatories numbered and.

(5) A copy of any nonprivileged statement, as defined in Practice Book Section 13-1, of any partyin this lawsuit concerning this action or its subject matter.


PLAINTIFF,

BY(P.B. 1978–1997, Form 106.11C.) (Amended June 29, 2007, to take effect Jan. 1, 2008.)

536
