Superdomestication and feed- forward plant breeding: Genomic and molecular cytogenetic approaches http://molcyt.org/2012/11/29/superdomest ication-feed-forward-breeding-and-climat e-proofing-crops/ Trude Schwarzacher and Pat Heslop-Harrison [email protected]and [email protected]www.molcyt.com These are the slides that go with the talk on YouTube and some text on molcyt.com for commentary. See: http://molcyt.org/2012/11/29/superdomesti cation-feed-forward-breeding-and-climate- proofing-crops/
33
Embed
Superdomestication, feed-forward breeding and climate proofing crops
See text at http://molcyt.org/2012/11/29/superdomestication-feed-forward-breeding-and-climate-proofing-crops/ which also links the the YouTube talk using these slides
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Superdomestication and feed-forward plant breeding:
www.molcyt.comThese are the slides that go with the talk on YouTube and some text on molcyt.com for commentary. See: http://molcyt.org/2012/11/29/superdomestication-feed-forward-breeding-and-climate-proofing-crops/
• The talk on http://molcyt.org/2012/11/29/superdomestication-feed-forward-breeding-and-climate-proofing-crops/ starts with my personal approach to climate proofing!
• Climate Proofing of Food Crops: Genetic Improvement for Adaptation to High Temperatures in Drought Prone Areas and Beyond: an IAEA/FAO Coordinated Research Programme (CRP)
Contribution from Pat Heslop-Harrison andTrude Schwarzacher at www.molcyt.com to:
Threats to sustainability:no different for 10,000 years
• Habitat destruction• Climate change (abiotic stresses)• Diseases (biotic stresses)• Changes in what people want• Blindness to what is happening
Phases of Domestication• Heslop-Harrison JS, Schwarzacher T. 2012.
Genetics and genomics of crop domestication In: Plant Biotechnology and Agriculture: Prospects for the 21st century. Eds Arie Altman, Paul Michael Hasegawa pp 3-18.
• http://tinyurl.com/cropdomestication • Arie Altman - extensive work with IAEA-Genetics and Plant Breeding
• See www.molcyt.com for full list of papers; all available on request, many downloadable with password and userID both ‘visitor’
• Tri-species hybrid germplasm in Brassica• Wheat germplasm including introgression from wild
Thinopyrum with novel virus resistance loci• Somatic hybrids in Nicotiana for disease resistance (published 2011)
• Biomass gene identification in Lolium• Origin of Panicum miliaceum (broomcorn millet) – the worlds
most water-efficient crop• Genome evolution in Arachis – peanut/groundnut• Wild and landrace characterization of linseed/flax (including
farmer-led trials)
Banana genomesequence
• Fundamental importance to research since it allows us to compare banana with the related grasses and palms to understand genome evolutionary processes
• Led by Angelique D’Hont, France• 520 Mbp giving knowledge of ALL
36,000 genes including the agronomic and food-related properties
• Goal 8 - Develop a global Goal 8 - Develop a global partnership for partnership for developmentdevelopment
Recent molcyt.com outputs• Training • Fellowships – Pakistan; Brazil; China; India + Europe/USA• PhD students – Ethiopia; Pakistan; India; Ghana; Saudi + Europe
• Courses and training• Refereeing• Programme reviews, advisory visits• Website development (help needed!)• Project development
• We are a research provider and not a research funder• Very keen to develop projects with CRP Partners
Conventional Breeding
Superdomestication
• Cross the best with the best and hope for something better
• Decide what is wanted and then plan how to get it• - variety crosses• - mutations• - genepool• - genes
Superdomestication• Learn what has been done
– Speciation timescales of millions of years– Hybridization timescale thousands of years– Breeding timescale hundreds of years
• Learn what we want to do– Sustainable crop production– High yield, low input (chemical, mechanical and
labour!)– Stable/Reliable/Robust/Buffered– Capital input? Transportable/storable?
• Do it!
50 years of plant breeding progress
CytoGenomics …
• The genepool has the diversity to address these challenges …
• New methods to exploit and characterize germplasm let use make better and sustainable use of the genepool
Welcome for collaborators
Superdomestication and feed-forward plant breeding:
www.molcyt.comThese are the slides that go with the talk on YouTube and some text on molcyt.com for commentary. See: http://molcyt.org/2012/11/29/superdomestication-feed-forward-breeding-and-climate-proofing-crops/