From Machine-to-Machine (M2M) Communications to Internet of Things (IoT) Introduction to M2M/IoT Market Technology Roadmap & Standards Thierry Lestable (MS’97, Ph.D’03) Technology & Innovation Manager, Sagemcom
Nov 01, 2014
FromMachine-to-Machine (M2M)
Communicationsto
Internet of Things (IoT)
Introduction to M2M/IoT
Market
Technology Roadmap& Standards
Thierry Lestable (MS’97, Ph.D’03)Technology & Innovation Manager, Sagemcom
© Thierry Lestable, 20122
Disclaimer
• Besides Sagemcom SAS’, many 3rd party copyrighted material is reused within thisbrief tutorial under the ‘fair use ’ approach, for sake of educational purpose only , and very limited edition .
• As a consequence, the current slide set presentation usage is restricted, and isfalling under usual copyright usage.
• Thanks for your understanding!
© Thierry Lestable, 20123
What are we targeting during this course?
Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications represent technological solutions and deployments allowing Machines, Devices or Objects to communicate with each other, w/o any human interventions.
The M2M market generated by usages, applications and services is promised to experience an annual growth of 49%, reaching more than 220billions euros in the coming years. This represents one of the most attractive emerging market, with applications such as Fleet Management, Smart Metering, eHealth, and many others facilitating daily life of the citizens, whilst truly transforming our usages in the coming years.
Due to this massive potential both in terms of business and transforming usages, many governments, governance bodies and thus standards are currently preparing the adequate frameworks from legal, technological and services point of view.
During this brand new course, we’ll thus dig into this M2M arena, in order to understand firstthe wide variety of usages & services potentially offered, together with the technologies available (Wireless, Wireline, IP, Security…), and how they cooperate with each other, whilst key features of M2M will be identified. Particular attention will be paid to IP.
Finally, since Interoperability is the keystone of M2M, we’ll review the state-of-Art (SoA) of the whole M2M ecosystem, including worldwide standards (3GPP, ETSI M2M, IEEE 802.16, IETF…) and industry forums currently trying to push for both solutions and usages.
© Thierry Lestable, 20124
Outline of whole course
Conclusions: Research priorities & recommendationsDigital Agenda for EuropeGovernance recommendations: Mandates from European CommissionPublic-Private Partnerships (PPP) for the Future InternetDigital Economy support in France (e.g. Grand Emprunt)
Technology Roadmap and StandardsIETF (ROLL, 6LowPAN)ETSI: TC M2M, ITS3GPP: Machine Type Communications (MTC) with LTE Rel.10 & BeyondSmart Grids: NIST architecture, IEEE P2030, Gridman, DLMS, CEN-CENELECIEEE P1901DSL Forum
Key functionalitiesSecurity, privacy, trustDevice management: protocols, Firmware Over The Air (FOTA), remote diagnostic, self-discovery, scalabilityUbiquitous connectivity, interoperabilityEnergy efficiencyOverview of microcontrollers and embedded OS.Context awareness and monitoringIdentification, naming and addressing: fundamental concepts of IP routing and addressing
Keystone Technologies & M2M ArchitectureM2M Architecture(s): Vertical Markets & generic approach, economy of scale & InteroperabilityWireless M2M: Cellular (2G, 3G, LTE, WiMAX), Shortrange (WiFi, ZigBee, BT, RFID, Z-wave, etc…)Wireline M2M (PLC,…)IP M2M: IP-to-the-sensor (constrained IP stacks), autoconfiguration algorithms, M2M networks connected to Internet
Introduction to M2M marketIndustrial Landscape: value chain, new applications & usages, ProductsTrends and achievable market
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Outline of course#1
Conclusions: Research priorities & recommendationsDigital Agenda for EuropeGovernance recommendations: Mandates from European CommissionPublic-Private Partnerships (PPP) for the Future InternetDigital Economy support in France (e.g. Grand Emprunt)
Technology Roadmap and StandardsIETF (ROLL, 6LowPAN)ETSI: TC M2M, ITS3GPP: Machine Type Communications (MTC) with LTE Rel.10 & BeyondSmart Grids: NIST architecture, IEEE P2030, Gridman, DLMS, CEN-CENELECIEEE P1901DSL Forum
Introduction to M2M marketIndustrial Landscape: value chain, new applications & usages, ProductsTrends and achievable market
ECOSYSTEM
Strategy & Perspectives
Market opportunities
From Vertical ‘niche’ markets to Outstanding opportunities…
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Mobile Broadband (MBB) Experience
= 24 x= 24 x= 122 x= 122 x = 515 x= 515 x
Source: CISCO VNI Mobile 2011
Connected Life: Home, on-the-move, Work
Traffic Generated
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Smart CityWhat we are looking for….ultimately…
Whilst avoiding ‘Big Brother’ & maintaining ‘Privacy’…
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Yesterday: People Connecting to People
Presented by Interdigital: Globecom’11 – IWM2M, Houston
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Today: People Connecting to Things
Presented by Interdigital: Globecom’11 – IWM2M, Houston
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Tomorrow: Network of Networks, Internet of Things (IoT)
Presented by Interdigital: Globecom’11 – IWM2M, Houston
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Non-exhaustive list of M2M applications & services
� Car Telematic� Fleet Management� Parking & Traffic Management in urban areas� Positioning Systems � Smart Metering� POS-Terminal� Security� Remote Monitoring of Green Energy power plants� Remote Management of Assets & Products� Environmental monitoring & ICT support to a sustainable economic
growth� eHealth• Etc…
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Growth Opportunitites
Growth of Internet « Connections »:• 2005-2008: Fixed-Mobile
Convergence (FMC)• 2008-2012: M2M
Communications
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Computers
IndustrialAutomobile
Mobile
Entertainment
Global M2M Eco-system revenues
05
10
15202530
354045
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Bill
ion
$
Strategy Analytics – March 2006
Hardware
Software
Services
Transport
Traffic
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Market Evolution
SIM Cards for M2M (Europe)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Mill
ions
d'u
nité
s
Other
POS terminals
Security alarms
Energy meters
Commercial vehicles
Private vehicles
Berg insights – The European Wireless M2M market - 2008
Cellular M2M Communications (GSM/GPRS/EDGE &
WCDMA/HSPA)ZigBee Chipset Shipment Forecast by Application
Segment
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Mill
ions
uni
ts
Home automation
Home networking
Industrial automation
Utilities
Building automation
Toys
Short Range M2M Communications (WiFi, Zigbee, Bluetooth, RFID)
West - WIRELESS SENSOR AND M2M MARKETS - 2005
Combination of both are necessaryfor economically viable solutions,
within a Market worth 40Bn$
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Main trends and drivers The dramatic growth of mobile data traffic
Source: OfcomSource: AT&T
Mobile data traffic evolution (TB per million inhabitants per
month) in some European countries
Source: ECC PT1Source: Sandvine
UK mobile data traffic growth AT&T traffic evolution
Daily traffic consumption in Europe
Source:IDATE
© Thierry Lestable, 201216
Mobile traffic forecasts 2010-2020: Worlwide
•As a conclusion, total worldwide mobile traffic will reach more than 127 EB in 2020, representing an 33 times increase compared with 2010 figure .
Total mobile traffic (EB per year)
-
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00
140.00
2010 2015 2020
Yea
rly tr
affic
in E
B Europe
Americas
Asia
Rest of the world
World
Source: IDATE
Total mobile traffic
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Wireless M2M: 4 pillars
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M2M Deployment Challenges
Source: Yankee group, 2008
Need for OPEN Standards, Open API & SDK, industry gro ups, Incentive Regulation and Governance
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A Bright Future for M2M & IoT
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Connected Devices: Services
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LTE Ecosystem is maturing fast!
+ USB Dongles + Netbooks, etc…
Smart Phones
M-Tablets
DSL-Routers
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M2M Cellular: Vertical MarketGrowth
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New M2M Value Chain: Stakeholders opportunities & roles
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M2M ecosystem
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M2M: Paving the way towards IoT
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M2M Market:Maturity assessment
Source: ORANGE
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Carriers co-operations with M2M players
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Miniaturization towards the IoT
Numberof Devices
Cost & Size
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Smaller Cost, Size & Consumption
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Sagemcom Modules
POS TerminalsSmart Metering
Security & Alarm
Remote monitoring
Automotive
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Sagemcom products
Broadband & Residential TerminalsResidential TerminalsBroadband TerminalsConnected screens
Printing TerminalsProfessional Terminals and SystemsConsumer FaxImaging
Energy & TelecomSystems & NetworksM2M CommunicationsPartnershipsEnergy management
Digital TV Set-Top Box
Internet of Things(IoT)
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Smart World: IPSO vision
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IoT & Future Internet
Ambient IntelligenceActive & SensitiveSystems
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IoT, Technology Roadmap
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Connected objects: Segmentation map
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Internet of Things
Ubiquitous intelligent devicesAmbient and Assisted Living (AAL)
–eHealth–Intelligent Home–Transportation
ApplicationsThings on the moveRetailBar code replacement by RFID TagLogisticPharmaceuticalFood
Society , –People, Security & Privacy
BarriersLack of GovernancePrivacy & Security
EnablersEnergyIntelligenceCommunicationIntegrationInteroperabilityStandardsManufacturing
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IoT: Food Traceability
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IoT: Drug Traceability
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IoT Key Enablers
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RFID Communication platform
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RFID: Basics
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3 RFID Tags categories
BAP = Battery Assist Passive
(1) (2) (3)
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RFID passive Tags:function Vs Frequency
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IoT: Identity InteroperabilityChallenges
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Id Tag examples
• 2D bar codes examples
• 1D (linear) bar code
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Id Tag B2C scenario example
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RFID � NFC
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NFC use cases
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NFC: 3 operating modes
Universal Mobile Wallet
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IoT, European Commission
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IoT, European Commission
• Need for Governance Actions– Privacy & protection of personnal Data– Trust, Acceptance & Security– Standardization
Internet of Things
Internet of Things for People
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Privacy Protection: 4 facets
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IoT: Privacy act (US)
Notice
Labeling Deactivation
Privacy
Standardization efforts&
Architecture
Towards Global International M2M Partnership Project?… (M2MPP)
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Standard « strategy »…
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..Make it (really!) useful…
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High Level (simplified) M2M Architecture
M2MGateway
ClientApplication
Operatorplatform
Capillary Network
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Network of Networks, Internet of Things(IoT)
Presented by Interdigital: Globecom’11 – IWM2M, Houston
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IoT & Cloud Computing
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M2M Ecosystem’s Jungle
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3GPP Structure
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3GPP Liaisons
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ETSI TC M2M links with other ETSI TCs
CapillaryAccess Networks
Application
Service Platform
IP Network
Wide Area Network
M2M Gateway
wireless
wireline
ETSI TISPAN
ETSI ITS
ETSI ERM
ETSI ATTM
ETSI PLT
ETSI DECT
ETSI e-Health
ETSI SCPETSI RRS
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ETSI M2M Links with ecosystem
CapillaryAccess networks
Application
Service Platform
IP Network
Wide Area Network
M2M Gateway
wireless
wireline
IPSOIPV6
Hardware and Protocols
ZigBee Alliance.ZB Application Profiles 3GPP
SA1, SA3, ,…
IETF 6LowPANPhy-Mac Over IPV6
OMA GSMASCAG,…
IETF ROLLRouting over Low Power
Lossy Networks
IUT-TNGN CENELEC
Smart MeteringCEN
Smart Metering
ISO/IEC JTC1UWSN
IEEE802.xx.x
ESMIGMetering
WOSA
KNX
ZCL
HGIHome Gateway
Initiative
EPCGlobalGS1
UtilitiesMetering
OASIS
W3C
W-Mbus
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ETSI TC M2M
Stage 3Stage 3
Stage 2Stage 2
Stage 1Stage 1
TR 102 692Smart
Metering
TR 102 692Smart
Metering
TS 102 689M2M Service Requirements
TS 102 689M2M Service Requirements
TR 102 732eHealth
TR 102 732eHealth
TR 102 897City
automation
TR 102 897City
automation
TR 102 898Automotive TR 102 898Automotive
Use Cases
TS 102 690M2M Functional
Architecture
TS 102 690M2M Functional
Architecture
TS 102 921M2M Communications;
mIa, dIa and mId interfaces
TS 102 921M2M Communications;
mIa, dIa and mId interfaces
TR 1xx xxxInterworking
with M2M Area Networks
TR 1xx xxxInterworking
with M2M Area Networks
TR 102 935Smart Grid impacts on
M2M
TR 102 935Smart Grid impacts on
M2M
TR 102 725M2M
Definitions
TR 102 725M2M
Definitions
TR 102 167Threat analysis and counter measures
to M2M service layer
TR 102 167Threat analysis and counter measures
to M2M service layer
TR 101 531Re-use of 3GPP
nodes by M2MSC layer
TR 101 531Re-use of 3GPP
nodes by M2MSC layer
TR 102 857Connected consumer
TR 102 857Connected consumer
PUBLISHEDPUBLISHED
PUBLISHEDPUBLISHED
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GSC M2M Standardization Task Force
Source: Numerex
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Telecommunications TechnologyAssociation – TTA (Korea)
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Association of Radio Industries & Business - ARIB
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Telecom Industry Association– TIA (USA)
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China Communications Standards Association - CCSA
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Global ICT Standardization Forum for India - GISFI
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GSMA- Smart Card Application Group
(SCAG)- Embedded SIM Task Force
- Updated remotely with operators credentials(even after sale)
- Secure re-provisioning of alternative operators
Liaison withETSI Smart Card Platform (SCP)
Then to 3GPP CT6
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M2M Standards Landscape
WAN
Capillary
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Taxonomy M2M Standard activities
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76
Goals for a Global Initiative
for M2M Standardization (M2M Partnership Project)� Develop one globally agreed M2M Service Layer
specification
� Consolidate current M2M Service Layer standards
activities into the Global Initiative
� Identify a common Service Layer architecture and
identify gaps where existing standards do not fulfill the requirements and provide or initiate the creation
of specifications to fill these gaps
� Develop and maintain Technical Specifications and
Technical Reports in support of the M2M common Service Layer architecture framework
� Collaborate with wireless and wireline SDOs and fora
responsible for developing standards for Core and Access Networks
� Collaborate with SDOs and fora in charge of developing the vertical markets (i.e., domain-specific)
aspects of M2M applications
� Develop specifications that will help drive the industry
towards a goal of lower operating expenses, lower capital expenses, faster time-to-market, and mass-market economies of scale
Source: Final Draft updated during Plenary Telecon #1 to discuss Ad Hoc Group input - Updated 19 October, 2011
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Open Issues
• E2E Architecture• Governance, naming, identity, interfaces• Service openness, interoperability• Spectrum (Wireless)• Standards
Capillary Network & Wireless Sensors Network
(WSN)Key Technologies
From proprietary solutions towards IP smart objects…
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Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) evolution
ScalabilityPrice
Cabling
Cables
Proprietaryradio + network
20001980s 2006
Vendorlock-in
IncreasedProductivity
ZigBee
Complex middleware
6lowpanInternet
Open developmentand portability
Z-Wave, prop. ISM etc.
ZigBee andWHART
Any vendor6lowpanISA100
2008 ->
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Konnex (KNX)
• Worldwide Home & building Automation
European Installation Bus (EIB) isan European Std (ISO), created in 1987.It is thus Open Std.
• International Std: ISO/IEC 14543-3• European Std:
• CENELEC EN50090• CEN EN 13321-1 / 13321-2
• Chinese Std: GB/Z 20965• US Std: ANSI/ASHRAE 135
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KNX: The EIB Bus
• EIB Bus system principleMedium Transmission:-Twisted Pair (TP)-Powerline (PL)-RF
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ISA 100: Industrial AutomationISA: International Society for AutomationISA100.11a Wireless is based on
IEEE 802.15.4 (WPAN) & IETF 6LoWPAN
802.15.4-2006 2.4 GHz used as in standardExcept: carrier sensing is optional
802.15.4-2006 MAC sub-layer used as in the standardISA100.11a adds MAC features on-top of this
Channel hoppingSlotted hopping and slow hopping
Time coordinationNo MAC retransmissionsNo 802.15.4 beacon mode features used
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WirelessHART
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WirelessHART
Source: Ron Helson, GSC MSTF - 2011
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WirelessHART
Source: Ron Helson, GSC MSTF - 2011
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Bluetooth
scatternet
bridge
Star Topology
Piconet (up to 7 active Devices) (Master in one piconet can bea slave in another)
2.4 GHz ISM band
1998 - BT technology is officially introduced and the Bluetooth SIG is formed. Bluetooth technology's intended basic purpose is to be a wire replacement 1999 - Bluetooth 1.0 Specification is introduced.2003 - announcement of Version 2.1.2004 - v 2.0 + EDR (Enhanced Data Rate) is introduced.2005 - v 2.0 + EDR begin to hit the market in late 2005.2007 - v 2.1 + EDR is adopted by the Bluetooth SIG.2009 - v 3.0 + HS (High Speed) is adopted by the Bluetooth SIG.
Wi-Fi as alternate PHY/MAC2010 – v4.0: WiBree (Ultra Low Power) integrated into Bluetooth,
as Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)
Up to 7 controllers
Max RangeClass (m) dBm mW
1 100 20 1002 10 4 2,53 1 0 1
Max Power
BT version Throughput (Mbps)v1.2 1v2.0+EDR 3v3.0 + HS 24
79 x 1MHz channels
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Zigbee
Data rates of 250 kbps, 40 kbps, and 20 kbps . Two addressing modes; 16-bit short and 64-bit IEEE addressing . Support for critical latency devices, such as joysticks. CSMA-CA channel access. Automatic network establishment by the coordinator. Fully handshaked protocol for transfer reliability. Power management to ensure low power consumption . 16 channels in the 2.4GHz ISM band, 10 channels in the 915MHz I
and one channel in the 868MHz band.
IEEE 802.15.4 features
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IP for Smart Object (IPSO) Alliance
• Support Activities– IETF 6LoWPAN– IETF ROLL– ISA100– IEEE
• Activities– Interoperability Tests
(IOT)– Architecture Design– Technology Proof of
Concepts (PoC)– White Papers– Tutorials/Dissemination
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IETF 6LoWPANIPv6 over Low-power WPAN
• IETF RFC 4919, 4944• 6LoWPAN is an ADAPTATION
Header Format!
• 16/64 bit IEEE 802.15.4 addressing
• Efficient header compression– IPv6 base and extension headers,
UDP header• Network autoconfiguration using
neighbor discovery• Unicast, multicast and broadcast
support– Multicast is compressed and
mapped to broadcast• Fragmentation
– 1280 byte IPv6 MTU -> 127 byte 802.15.4 frames
• Support for IP routing (e.g. IETF RPL)
• Support for use of link-layer mesh (e.g. 802.15.5)
IPv6-LoWPAN Router Stack
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IETF ROLLRouting Over Low-power and Lossy networks
• Standardizing a routing algorithm for embedded apps• Application specific requirements
– Home automation– Commercial building automation– Industrial automation– Urban environments
• Analyzed all existing protocols• Solution must work over IPv6 and 6LoWPAN• Routing Protocol in-progress called RPL “Ripple”
– Proactive distance-vector approach– See draft-ietf-roll-rpl for detailed information
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Contiki – uIPv6 stack
• Open source• Small footprint
– Code size ~ 11.5Kb– RAM usage ~ 1.8Kb– Fit on most constraint
Sensors platforms
• Certified– IPv6 Phase 1– � interoperable with
stacks from all othercertified vendors
• uIPv6 Design
• IPv6 Specs (RFC2460)• IPv6 Addressing (RFC4291)• Neighbor Discovery (RFC 4861)• Stateless Address Config
(RFC4862)• ICMPv6 (RFC4443)
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Berkeley initiative
• http://openwsn.berkeley.edu/
• http://wsn.eecs.berkeley.edu/connectivity/
Open source implementations + Connectivity data repositary & IETF ROLL/RPL test
http://www-bsac.eecs.berkeley.edu/
WAN – Cellular Systems
3GPP LTE & WiMAX
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Wireless Broadband Systems mapping
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LTE Parallel evolution path to 3G
DL: 21Mbps (64QAM)DL: 28Mbps
[2x2 MIMO & 16QAM]
DC-HSPA + 64QAM2x2 MIMO & 64QAM
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Main benefits from LTE
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Main benefits from LTE
• Full Packet Switched (PS) � no MSC• no RNC• Self-Organizing Networks (SON)
• DL: 150Mbps / UL: 50Mbps (2x2 MIMO)• BW up to 20MHz• Default Bearer & QoS
• BW: 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20MHz• new Bands: 2.6GHz, 700/800 MHz (Digital Dividend)
• CSFB, SRVCC• Hotspot Offload
• Mobility up to 350Km/h• Latency < 5ms • QoS & IMS | ICIC
• GSMA (VoLTE), LSTI, NGMN, GCF, Femto Forum
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LTE Rel.8/9: Bandwidth & Duplexing modes
And HALF-DUPLEX!!!
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Investing in LTE: 237 Operators in 85 Countries
26 Commercial LTE NW launched161 LTE User Devices
(July 2011)
174 Commercial LTE Commitments in 64 countries63 additional pre-commitment trials
93 LTE Networks are anticipated to be in Commercial service by end of 2012!
© Thierry Lestable, 2012100
Worldwide Mobile Broadband SpectrumFDD: 2x35MHzFDD: 2x70MHz
TDD: 50MHz
21
1500
VerizonAT&TmetroPCS
AWS
NTT DoCoMo
TeliaSoneraVodafoneO2…
Refarming and Extensions are still to come…
7
2600
FDD Hong-Kong
China MobileGenius BrandCSL Ltd…
Digital Dividend
3
1800
Major TD-LTE Market(incl. India)
Fragmentation & Harmonization of Spectrum is a critical problem!
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LTE Roll-out Worldwide Vs Spectrum Band fragmentation
Source:Huawei
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TD-LTE is gaining momentum
TD-LTE is becoming a Technology of Highest interest for Operators & Vendors
Strong Ecosystem growing fast…
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Global UMTS Subscriber GrowthForecast
HSPA+ will still play an active roleIn near future, both as migrationand complementary to LTE.
3G will keep playing a Key roleIn Future!
���� Multi-Radio chips (2G/3G/LTE)
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VoLTE (GSMA IR.92) Timeline
« The need for 4G picocells and femtocells to enhance coverageand boost capacity if one of the important principles for Verizon’s LTE Network. »
Tony Melone – Verizon Wireless CTO – Sept. 2009
Early Adopters
2011: TRIALS
2012: COMMERCIAL
General Market
2011: CSFB
2012: TRIALS
2013: COMMERCIAL
craftrevolution
SRVCC
« The need for 4G picocells and femtocells to enhance coverageand boost capacity if one of the important principles for Verizon’s LTE Network. »
Tony Melone – Verizon Wireless CTO – Sept. 2009
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3GPP LTE System architectureIMS: IP Multimedia SubsystemPCRF: Policy, Charging Resource FunctionUE: User EquipmentMME: Mobility Management EntityS-GW: Serving GatewayP-GW: Packet GatewayHSS: Home Subcriber ServerEPC: Evolved Packet CoreEPS: Evolved Packet System = EPC + E-UTRANE-UTRAN: Evolved UTRANPMIP: Proxy Mobile IP
DHCP
LTE – Rel.8
LTE Femtocells
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Femtocell Ecosystem: 62 Operators
Femto Forum – 62 Operators members
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Femtocell Ecosystem: 74 Technology providers
The Ecosystem is now mature enough, and has experienced its 2nd IOT Plugfest.
Femto Access Points Femto Core Network
End to End Solutions
Components & Software Others
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Femtocell Market status
19 Commercial Deployments in 13 countries,15 Roll-out commitments in 2011
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X2X
2 S1 S
1
S1
S1
LTE Femto: HeNB
3GPP Rel.10
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LTE Femtocell: Home eNode B (HeNB) �3 Options!
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LTE Femtocell: Home eNode B (HeNB) �3 Options!
[1] [2]
[3]
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HeNB OAM process(Mgt System)
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Residential Macro Data Offload
Offload via WiFi and/or Femtocell
On average, more than 70% of traffic can still be Offloaded !
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Key FindingsGlobal Femtocell Survey
6,100 consumers in 6 countries6,100 consumers in 6 countries
LTE Self-OrganizingNetworks (SON)
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LTE Self-Organizing Network (SON) features
S1/X2 configuration
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SON progress status w.r.t3GPP Releases 8, 9, and 10
SON Concepts & Requirements
Self-Establishment of eNBs
SON Automatic Neighbour Relation (ANR) list Mgt
3GPP Rel.8
Study on SON related OAM interfaces for HNB
Study on Self-Healing of SON
SON – OAM Aspects
- SON Self-Optimization Mgt
- Automatic Radio Network Configuration Data preparation
SON
3GPP Rel.9
SON – OAM Aspects
- SON Self-Optimization Mgt Continuation
- SON Self-Healing Mgt
- OAM aspects of Energy saving in Radio Networks
LTE SON Enhancements
3GPP Rel.10
© Thierry Lestable, 2012119
Support for Self-Configuration & Self-Optimization
• Self-Configuration Process– Basic Set-up
– Automatic Registration of nodes in the system
– Initial Radio Configuration
• Self-Optimization Process– Ue & eNB measurements
and performance measurements are used to auto-tune the network
LTE-Advanced
© Thierry Lestable, 2012121
LTE-Advanced (Rel.10) and Beyond (Rel.11)
Rel.11
© Thierry Lestable, 2012122
LTE-Advanced: System Performance Requirements
� Support of Wider Bandwidth� Carrier Aggregation up to 100MHz
� MIMO Techniques extension� DL: up to 8 layers
� UL: up to 4 layers
� Coordinated Multiple Point (CoMP)(Rel.11)
� Relaying� L1 & L3 relaying Uu
UnUu
Un
LTE-AdvancedArchitecture & Services
Enhancements• LIPA
• SIPTO• IFOM• Relaying• MTC (M2M)
© Thierry Lestable, 2012124
LTE-Advanced: Local IP Access (LIPA)
© Thierry Lestable, 2012125
LIPA: initial solutions in competition
© Thierry Lestable, 2012126
LIPA solution for HeNB usingLocal PDN Connection
L - GW S10
E-UTRA UE
S1-MME S11
E- UTRA-Uu
S1-U S5 HeNB SGW
MME
E-UTRAN network elements EPC network elements
Local IP access network elements
LIPA
Other IMS
Internet Etc. SGi
Gx
Rx
PDN GW
PCRF
Packet data network (e.g. Internet, Intranet, intra-operator IMS provisioning)
L-S5
© Thierry Lestable, 2012127
LIPA solution for HeNB usingLocal PDN Connection
© Thierry Lestable, 2012128
3GPP Current conclusions on LIPA
© Thierry Lestable, 2012129
3GPP Current conclusions on LIPA
© Thierry Lestable, 2012130
LTE-Advanced: Selected IP Traffic Offload (SIPTO)
S5
RAN L-PGW
UE
eNB
CN
P-GW S-GW
CN Traffic
MME
S1-U S11 S5
SIPTO Traffic
© Thierry Lestable, 2012131
LTE-Advanced: IP Flow Mobilityand Seamless Offload (IFOM)
• IP Flow Mobility and Seamless Offload(IFOM) is used to carry (simultaneously) some of UE’s traffic over WIFI to offloadFemto Access!
IETF RFC-5555, DSMIPv6
© Thierry Lestable, 2012132
LTE-Advanced: Relaying and itspotential gain
Uu
Un
© Thierry Lestable, 2012133
LTE-Advanced: Relay support
eNB
MME / S-GW MME / S-GW
DeNB
RN
S1
S1
X2
X2
E-UTRAN
S1
S11
Un
© Thierry Lestable, 2012134
Machine-Type Communications (MTC) in 3GPP
© Thierry Lestable, 2012135
MTC Scenarios
• MTC Device � MTC server • MTC Device <--> MTC Device
(No Server in between!)
APIOperator domain
APIMTC Server
MTC User
MTC Device
MTC Device
MTC Device
MTC Device
Operator domain
MTC Device
MTC Device
MTC Device
MTC Device
MTC Server/ MTC User
MTC Device
MTC Device
MTC Device
MTC Device
Operator domain A Operator domain BMTC
DeviceMTC
DeviceMTC
DeviceMTC
Device
Still Not Considered in Rel.10!!
© Thierry Lestable, 2012136
3GPP MTC (High Level) Architecture
3GPP bearer services / SMS / IMS
MTC Server
MTC Server
MTCi
MTCsms
3GPP PLMN - MTC Server IWK Function
MTCu MTC Device
MTCu: It provides MTC Devices access to 3GPP network for the transport of user plane and control plane traffic. MTCu interface could be based on Uu, Um, Ww and LTE-Uu interface.
MTCi: It is the reference point that MTC Server uses to connect the 3GPP network and thus communicates with MTC Device via 3GPP bearer services/IMS. MTCi could be based on Gi, Sgi, and Wi interface.
MTCsms: It is the reference point MTC Server uses to connect the 3GPP network and thus communicates with MTC Device via 3GPP SMS.
© Thierry Lestable, 2012137
3GPP MTC: Service Requirements
• Common Service REQ– Device Triggering– Addressing
– Identifiers– Charging– Security – Remote Device Management
• Specific Service REQ (Features)– Low Mobility– Time Controlled– Time Tolerant– PS only– Small data Trx– Mobile originated only– Infrequent mobile Terminated– Monitoring– Priority alarm– Secure Connection– Location Specific Trigger– NW provided destination for UL
data– Infrequent Trx– Group based features
Public Address Space Private Address Space
MTC Device
MNO MTC Server
© Thierry Lestable, 2012138
3GPP MTC: Service REQ
The management of MTC Devices should be provided by existing mechanisms (e.g. OMA DM, TR-069)Remote MTC DeviceManagement
MTC optimizations shall not degrade security compared to non-MTC communicationsSecurity
Charging per MTC Device or MTC Group.Charging
uniquely identify the ME, the MTC subscriber. Manage numbers & identifiers. Unique Group Id.Identifiers
MTC Server in a public address space can successfully send a mobile terminated message to the MTC Device inside a private IP address space
Addressing
MTC Device shall be able to receive trigger indications from the network and shall establish communication with the MTC Server when receiving the trigger indication. Possible options may include:-Receiving trigger indication when the MTC Device is offline.-Receiving trigger indication when the MTC Device is online, but has no data connection established.-Receiving trigger indication when the MTC Device is online and has a data connection established
Device Triggering
DetailsMTC Common Service REQ
© Thierry Lestable, 2012139
3GPP MTC: Features
1 MTC device associated to 1 single MTC group. Combined QoS policy (GB policing): A maximum bit rate for the data that is sent/received by a MTC Group shall be enforcedGB addressing: mechanism to send a broadcast message to a MTC Group, e.g. to wake up the MTC Devices that are members of that MTC Group
Group Based (GB) MTC features
The network shall establish resource only when transmission occursInfrequent Transmission
MTC Applications that require all data from an MTC Device to be directed to a network provided destination IP address.
Network Provided Destination for Uplink Data
initiate a trigger to the MTC Devices based on area information provided to the network operatorLocation Specific Trigger
Secure connection between MTC Device and MTC server even during Roaming.Secure Connection
Theft, vandalism, tampering � Precedence over aby other MTC feature (MAX priority!)Priority Alarm
Detect unexpected behaviour, changes, and loss of connectivity (configurable by user) � Warning to MTC server (other actions configurable by user)
MTC Monitoring
MTC Device: mainly mobile originated communications � Reduce Mobility Management SignallingInfrequent Mobile Terminated
Reduce Frequency of Mobility Management Procedures (Signalling)Mobile originated only
The system shall support transmissions of small amounts of data with minimal network impact (e.g. signallingoverhead, network resources, delay for reallocation)
Small Data Trx
network operator shall be able to provide PS only subscriptions with or without assigning an MSISDNPacket Switched (PS) only
MTC Devices that can delay their data transfer. The purpose of this functionality is to allow the network operator to prevent MTC Devices that are Time Tolerant from accessing the network (e.g. in case of radio access network overload)
Time Tolerant
MTC Applications that can tolerate to send or receive data only during defined time intervals and avoid unnecessary signalling outside these defined time intervals. Different charging can apply.
Time Controlled
MNO change 1) Frequency of Mobility Mgt procedures, or per device, 2) Location updates performed by MTC device
Low Mobility
DetailsMTC Feature
© Thierry Lestable, 2012140
M2M European R&D Innovation: FP7 EXALTED
• EXpAnding LTE for Devices
© Thierry Lestable, 2012141
NGMN – LTE Backhaul
IPSec +14%
LTE Small Cells Deployment will change Rules for Backhaul Provisioning�Need for more Research
�Architecture / PHY / Synchronization (e.g. PTP (1588), SyncE, Hybrid…)
X2 ~ [ 4 - 10%] S1
Traffic Volume:
Source: Ericsson
GTP/MIP overhead ~10%
Source: Ericsson
© Thierry Lestable, 2012142
TVWS for Backhaul
© Thierry Lestable, 2012143
LTE in TVWS
© Thierry Lestable, 2012144
LTE Royalty Level: Need for Patent Pool facilitation?
© 2011 Sisvel (www.sisvel.com)
14.8%14.8%
LTE/SAE Declarations to ETSI by PO4076 declarations (March 2011)
Critical constraintfor Femtocells
isCOST EFFICIENCY!!
© Thierry Lestable, 2012145
LTE & 4G patents
6000+ patents
$4.5 billion
$2.6 billion
$770 Million$340 Million
$12.5 billion
24000+ patents
WHO’s NEXT?…
Risk to ‘Kill’ the Business…Especially in Vertical Markets!
© Thierry Lestable, 2012146
Verizon LTE Innovation Center
Office in the Box Connected Home (incl. eHealth)
Bicycle LiveEdge.TV
LTE Connected Car
WiFi – CellularConvergence
© Thierry Lestable, 2012148
Fixed/Mobile Convergence
It’s Mandatory to propose integrated ArchitecturesTaking advantage of Wireless/Wired systems(e.g. 3G, LTE, WiFi, WiGig, DAS, RoF, PLC…)
Source: BT Wholesale
© Thierry Lestable, 2012149
WBA – Roadmap
Small intelligent Cross-Cell (SiXC)™
© Thierry Lestable, 2012150
Hotspot 2.0 (HS2.0) - NGH
Built directly into device
Built directly into device
Built directly into device
Multitude of 3rd Party Connection Managers:Multitude of 3rd Party Connection Managers:Multitude of 3rd Party Connection Managers:
Source: Cisco
Enhancing WiFi to be more ‘Cellular’
WiMAX –M2M & Smart Grids
IEEE 802.16p, 802.16n
© Thierry Lestable, 2012152
WiMAX community turns to M2M
• IEEE 802.16p– Machine-to-Machine (M2M)– Approved: Sept. 2010– Expiration: Dec. 2014
• URL: http://ieee802.org/16/m2m/index.html
• IEEE 802.16n (GRIDMAN)– Smart Grids– Emergency, Public Safety!!
• Misleading title, stands for:– Greater Reliability In
Disrupted MetroplotianArea NW
– Approved: June 2010– Expiration: Dec. 2014
• URL: http://wirelessman.org/gridman/index.html
© Thierry Lestable, 2012153
WiMAX based M2M Architecture
M2M
Service
Consumer
M2M
Server
Connectivity
Service Network
Access Service Network
IEEE 802.16
M2M device
IEEE 802.16
BS
MNO (Mobile Network Operator)
R1
IEEE 802.16
Non M2M
device
R1
IEEE 802.16
M2M device
Non IEEE
802.16
M2M device
R1
Classical WiMAX NW
© Thierry Lestable, 2012154
WiMAX M2M: Requirements & Features
• Extremely Low Power Consumption• High Reliability• Enhanced Access Priority
– Alarms, Emergency calls etc…(Health, Public safety, Surveillance…)• Extremely Large Numbers of Devices• Addressing• Group Control• Security• Small burst transmission• Low/no mobility• Time Controlled Operation (pre-defined scheduling)• Time Tolerant operations• One-Way Data traffic• Extremely Low Latency (e.g. Emergency..)• Extremely Long Range Access• Infrequent traffic
Looks quite similar to 3GPP MTC…
© Thierry Lestable, 2012155
WiMAX M2M: Potential impacts
Simplifications to Sleep/idle mode protocolInfrequent traffic
Low & roust modulation schemes, higher power transmissionExtremely Long Range access
Mobility Mgt protocol. Signaling w.r.t Handover preparation & execution migt beturned off. Idle mode. Measurements/feedback protocls, pilot structure.
Low/no mobility
New QoS profiles, burst Mgt, SMS transmission mechanism, BW request/allocation protocols, Channel Coding, frame structure. Low-overhead Ctrl signaling for Small Data. Smaller resource unit!
Small burst transmission
Group ID location, Ctrl signalling, paging, Sleep mode initiation, multi-cast operation, BW request/allocation, connection Mgt protocols
Group Control
Link Adaptation, ARQ/HARQ, frame structure, Ctrl signalling, NW entry/re-entryTransmission attemps Large Numbers of Devices
BW request protocol, NW entry/re-entry, ARQ/HARQ, frame structureEnhanced Access priority
Link Adaptation protocol with very robust MCS. Enhanced Interference Mitigation procedures. Device Collaboration with redundant and/or alternate paths (e.g. diversity)
High Reliability
Idle/Sleep modes, Power savings in active mode. Link Adaptation, UL Power Ctrl, Ctrl Signalling, Device Cooperation.
Low Power Consumption
Potential Directions with impacts on StandardM2M Requirements & Features
Keeping in Mind BACKWARD compatibility