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INTRODUCTION
Comparative research is simply the act of comparing two or more things with a view
to discovering something about one or all of the things being compared. This
technique is often utilizes multiple disciplines in one study. When it comes to method,
the majority agreement is that there is no methodology peculiar to comparative
research. The multi disciplinary approach is good for the flexibility it offers, yet
comparative programs do have a case to answer against the call that their research
lacs a !seamless whole. There are certainly methods far more common than others in
comparative studies, however. "uantitative analysis is much more frequently perused
than qualitative, and this is seen in the majority of comparative studies can be use
quantitative data. The general method of comparing things is the same for
comparative research as it is in our everyday practice of comparisons. #ie cases are
treated alie, and cases are treated differently$ the extent of difference determines how
differently cases are treated. The point here is that if one is able to sufficiently
distinguish two cases, comparative research conclusions will not be very helpful.
%econdary analysis of quantitative data is relatively widespread in comparative
research, undoubtedly in part because of the cost of obtaining primary data for such
large things as a country&s policy environment. ' typical method of comparing
welfare state is to tae balance their levels of spending on social welfare. we all now
in the changing environment corporate ha also changing their strategy for staying in
the maret and always with the external environment lie government and telecom
regulatory authority of (ndia. )ut in this project ( am totally focused on secondary
CHAPTER ONE
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data. (t is just an external analysis of life time plans of *odafone 'irtel and some other
telecom sector. as we all now the secondary data is totally based on internet
information, news paper cutting, ,comments etc. +rganization always tries to maintain
the comparative edge between the competitors. 'nd some external factor where also
active for different region here organization has always copeup with the situation. (n
line with how a lot of theorizing has gone in the last century, comparative research
does not tend to investigate -grand theories& such as arxism. (t instead occupies
itself with middlerange theories / theories that do not purport to describe our social
system in its entirely, but a subset of it. ' good example of this is the common
research programs that loos for differences between two or more social systems, then
loo at these differences in relation to some other variable coexisting in those
societies to see if it is related. The classic cases of this is 0sping'nderson&s research
on social welfare systems, and compared them based on there levels of deco
modification of social welfare goods. 1e found that he was able to class welfare states
in four types, based on their deco modification. %he further theorized from this that
deco modification was based on a combination of class collisions and mobilization,
and regime legacy. 1ere 0sping'nderson is using comparative research2 he taes
many western countries and compared their level of deco modification, then develops
a theory of the divergence based on his findings. Comparative research is a
methodology in the social sciences that aims to mae comparisons across different
countries and cultures. ' major problem in comparative research is that the data sets
in different countries may not use the same categories, or define categories different.
' project is a scientific and systematic study of real issues on a problem with the
application of management concept and sills. The study can deal with small or big
issues in any division of an organization. (t can be case study where a problem has
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been dealt with, through the process of management. The essential equipment of a
project this that, it should contain scientific collection of data, analysis and
interpretation of data .Winter projects an essential part in '3'4003T
curriculum. (t enables the student to share the real experience in industry. y
management has assigned me to do a winter project based on secondary data. The
topic has assigned to me !the comparative analysis of life time plans of telecom sector
5airtel and vodafone6. (t is very difficult to analyze the life time plans of each and
every telecom company. +r comparative analysis of each and every state life time
plan of telecom sector. so that&s why ( have concentrated only on aharashtra sector.
we all now in the changing environment corporate ha also changing their strategy for
staying in the maret and always try to maintain the comparative edge between the
competitor. and some external factor where also active for different different region
here organization has always cope with the external environment lie government and
telecom regulatory authority of india. but in this project ( am totally focused on
secondary data. (t is just an external analysis of life time plans of *odafone airtel and
some other telecom sector. as we all now the secondary data is totally based on
internet information,news paper cutting, ,comments etc.
Telecom (ndustry in (ndia
The telecom industry is one of the fastest growing industries in (ndia. (ndia has nearly
788 million telephone lines maing it the third largest networ in the world after
China and 9%'. With a growth rate of :;
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China is the biggest maret in 'sia =acific with a subscriber base of :>< of the total
subscribers in 'sia =acific. Compared to that (ndia &s share in 'sia =acific obile
=hone.aret is ?.:;A Birst operational land lines were laid by the government near Calcutta 5seat of
)ritish power6
A>>A Telephone service introduced in (ndia.
A>> erger with the postal system.
AD7 Bormation of (ndian Eadio Telegraph Company 5(ET6.
AD7 erger of 0TC and (ET into the (ndian Eadio and Cable Communication
Company 5(ECC6.
AD:F 3ationalization of all foreign telecommunication companies to form the
=osts, Telephone and Telegraph 5=TT6, a monopoly run by the governmentGs
inistry of Communications.
AD>; Hepartment of Telecommunications 5H+T6 established an exclusive provider
of domestic and longdistance service that would be its own regulator .
AD>? Conversion of H+T into two wholly governmentowned companies2 the
*idesh %anchar 3igam #imited 5*%3#6 for international telecommunications
and ahanagar Telephone 3igam #imited 5T3#6 for service in
metropolitan areas.
ADDF Telecom Eegulatory 'uthority of (ndia created.ADDD Cellular %ervices are launched in (ndia. 3ew 3ational Telecom =olicy is
adopted.
1istory of (ndian Telecommunications
%tarted in A>;A when the first operational land lines were laid by the government near
Calcutta5seat of )ritish power6. Telephone services were introduced in (ndia in A>>A.
(nA>> telephone services were merged with the postal system. (ndian Eadio
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Telegraph Company 5(ET6 was formed in AD7. 'fter independence in AD:F, all the
foreign telecommunication companies were nationalized to form the =osts, Telephone
and Telegraph 5=TT6, a monopoly run by the governmentGs inistry of
Communications. Telecom sector was considered as a strategic service and the
government considered it best to bring under stateGs control.The first wind of reforms
in telecommunications sector began to flow in AD>8s when the private sector was
allowed in telecommunications equipment manufacturing. (n AD>;, Hepartment of
Telecommunications 5H+T6 was established. (t was an exclusive provider of domestic
and long distance service that would be its own regulator 5separate from the postal
system6. (n AD>?, two wholly governmentowned companies were created2 the *idesh
%anchar 3igam #imited 5*%3#6 for international telecommunications and ahanagar
Telephone 3igam #imited 5T3#6 for service in metropolitan areas.(n ADD8s,
telecommunications sector benefited from the general opening up of the economy.
'lso, examples of telecom revolution in many other countries, which resulted in
better quality of service and lower tariffs, led (ndian policy maers to initiate a change
process finally resulting in opening up of telecom services sector for the private
sector.3ational Telecom =olicy 53T=6 ADD: was the first attempt to give a
comprehensive roadmap for the (ndian telecommunications sector. (n ADDF, Telecom
Eegulatory'uthority of (ndia 5TE'(6 was created. TE'( was formed to act as a
regulator to facilitate the growth of the telecom sector. 3ew 3ational Telecom =olicy
was adopted in ADDD and cellular services were also launched in the same
year.Telecommunication sector in (ndia can be divided into two segments2 Bixed
%ervice =rovider 5B%=s6, and Cellular %ervices. Bixed line services consist of basic
services, national or domestic long distance and international long distance services.
The state operators 5)%3# and T3#6, account for almost D8 per cent of
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revenues from basic services. =rivate sector services are presently available in
selective urban areas, and collectively account for less than ; per cent of
subscriptions. 1owever, private services focus on the businessIcorporate sector, and
offer reliable, high end services, such as leased lines, (%H3, closed user group and
videoconferencing.
Cellular services can be further divided into two categories2 4lobal %ystem for obile
Communications 54%6 and Code Hivision ultiple 'ccess 5CH'6. The 4%
sector is dominated by 'irtel, *odfone1utch, and (dea Cellular, while the CH'
sector is dominated by Eeliance and Tata (ndicom. +pening up of international and
domestic long distance telephony services are the major growth drivers for cellular
industry. Cellular operators get substantial revenue from these services, and
compensate them for reduction in tariffs on airtime, which along with rental was the
main source of revenue. The reduction in tariffs for airtime, national long distance,
international long distance, and handset prices has driven demand.
+9E ='ET30E%
(H0' welcomes all businesses and individuals interested in partnering with us to
enhance and strengthen the (H0' products J services portfolio.
To explore such potential partnerships, indly get in touch with us by submitting the
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)harti Telesoft
'EK0T(34
C+93(C'T(+3%
#owe (ndia =vt #td
(nsight edia #td
=9)#(C E0#'T(+3%
'dBactors =E
30TW+EK
3oia %iemens
0ricsson
+ur =romoters
The 'ditya )irla 4roup is (ndiaGs first truly multinational corporation. 4lobal in
vision, rooted in (ndian values, the 4roup is driven by a performance ethic pegged on
value creation for its multiple staeholders. (ts ?? stateoftheart manufacturing units
and sectoral services span (ndia, Thailand, (ndonesia, alaysia, =hilippines, 0gypt,
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Canada, 'ustralia and China.' 9%L ?.F billion conglomerate, with a maret
capitalisation of 9%L F billion, it is anchored by an extraordinary force of F7,888
employees belonging to over 78 different nationalities. +ver 8 per cent of its
revenues flow from its operations across the world.' premium conglomerate, the
'ditya )irla 4roup is a dominant player in all of the sectors in which it operates.
%uch as viscose staple fiber, nonferrous metals, cement, viscose filament yarn,
branded apparel, carbon blac, chemicals, fertilizers, sponge iron, insulators and
financial services.The 4roup has also made successful forays into the (T and )=+
sectors.Currently around ;F percent of our 0quity %hares are held by our =romoters
who are companies belonging to the 'ditya )irla 4roup.
+ur =romoters are
A. 'ditya )irla 3uvo #imited
7. 4rasim (ndustries #imited
. 1indalco (ndustries #imited and
:. )irla TT 1oldings =rivate #imited.
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T0#0 %0E*(C0%
C+E0 )0#(0B% The company continuously harnesses the power of wireless
revolution to provide worldclass products and services. (t aims at responding to
customer needs proactively by anticipating requirements and providing ready
solutions.(dea Cellular draws inspiration from the loyalty of its subscribers to eep
raising the bar, to shape the future, and to change and enrich the life of each and every
member of its evergrowing family of subscribers.
(H0' C0##9#'E (%%(+3
(nnovate. %timulate. #iberate...
Through continuous innovation, (dea Cellular sees to liberate customers from the
shacles of time and space.
*(%(+3
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To achieve objectives of growth and profitability by cellular telephony a common
means of personal communication and a fact everyday life in our marets we will do
so by providing high quality wide range cellular services, which is easy to use,
offered at a fair price and supported by exceptional customer service organizational
structure.
(f not, the money for this deal could also be raised through the initial public offer
5(=+6 route or through additional debt, which would father i9=50'%T6ease the debt
burden. +n Man A;th, (dea issued a press release saying they had completed !the
largest acquisition in the wireless industryP. The transaction includes six telecom
circlesQthe existing three circles of 0scotel and the three licenses obtained by
0scorts at the time of auctions of forth operator licenses. 0scorts has more than
A;,7;,888 subscribers. H%= errill #ynch have been advisors to (dea cellular. The
newly acquired circles represent an addition to (dea&s existing footprints with all,
except Kerala, being contiguous to (dea&s existing operation.(dea will have
incumbency advantage in as many as seven circles,which would entitle the company
to an additional 7< reduction in license fees for four years from 'pril A,788F which
has been granted only to the incumbent first and second operators in non metro
circle.The 3unda&s hold ;A< of 0scotel, while the balance :D< is held by Birst
=acific. Birst =acific had decided to exit (ndia two years ago and had been waiting for
the right buyer to come along with the right price. (t is learnt that hied its offer in the
last few days. The deal maes great sense for (dea because it is not an operator in any
of the circles in which 0scotel provides service. )harti, on the other hand, offers
service in all the circles where 0scotel operates, as the fourth operator. The deal is the
major setbac for )harti as %unil ittal, chairman of )harti 4roup, was also buying
0scotel.)harti lost in a bid war with (dea cellular for 0scotel as they had bid
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significantly lower as they were already present in all those circles of which 0scotel is
a part. (n the absence of intra circle merger guidelines, it was difficult for )harti to
evaluate 0scotel fully. )harti operates on A>88 1z. The cost of operation is higher
at this frequency. %o it made sense for )harti to acquire 0scotel and gain access to the
frequency in D88 1z band that 0scotel operates on.
%=0C('# %0E*(C0% )@ (H0'5after services provided by (H0'6
A. Call forwarding with the help of services you can divert your incoming calls
to any number to the cellular or =JT.
7. Calls waitingI calls hold this facility let you handle two calls at the same time.
@ou can put one call on hold while you attend another incoming call. 'lso put
your current call on hold while mae an outgoing call. @ou can switch
between calls as often as often as you want J terminate any when you want.
. Calling #ine (dentification =resentation 5C#(=6 the C#(= facility
automatically display you caller&s number, letting you decide whether you
want to tae the call or not.
:. Call conference this facility converts your mobile 93 to a conference room
by connecting you many people simultaneously whether they are on a cellular
or a =JT line.
;. Call barring, it allows you to prevent certain type of calls being made from
your handsets.
?. *oice ail %ervice, this services let you receive J store messages even when
your handsets.
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F. Eoming facility (dea provides you roaming facility in any part of the country
i.e. you can use (dea cellular phone of (ndia.
>. Turant T''E bid good by phones, letters, telegrams, faxes J even emails
the new facility adding by the organization is TurantTar the mobile to mobile
messaging service that can allow you to send text messages to the mobile
phones or your business associates instantly anywhere in the world without
incurring %TH or (%H charges.
T0#0C+ 1(%T+E@
A>:72 Wireless by conduction
A>:2 0arly electromagnetic research, wireless by induction
A>?;2 (nduction and Hr. #oomis
0arly radio discoveries
A>FD2 H.0. 1ughes and the first radiotelephone reception
A>>82 The photophone and the first voice radiotelephone call
A>>8 AD882 Eadio development begins in earnest
ADA82 The first cartelephone
AD7:2 The first carmounted radiotelephone
ADF2 0arly conventional radiotelephone development
The modern era begins
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The Key players in the Telecom aret in (ndia
Cellular %ervice provider2
A. )%3#7. 'irtel. (dea:. Eeliance;. *odafone?. Tata indicomF. 'ircel>. %piceD. T3#
INTRODUCTION
AIRTEL
!)harti 'irtelP formerly nown as )harti Tele*entures #imited 5)T*#6 is among
(ndiaGs largest mobile phone and Bixed 3etwor operators. With more than ?8 million
subscriptions as of Ath Bebruary 788>.R7S (t offers its mobile services under the
'irtel brand and is headed by %unil ittal. The company also provides telephone
services and (nternet access over H%# in A: circles. The company complements its
mobile, broadband J telephone services with national and international long distance
services.
The company also has a submarine cable landing station at Chennai, which connects
the submarine cable connecting Chennai and %ingapore. The company provides
reliable endtoend data and enterprise services to the corporate customers by
leveraging its nationwide fiber optic bacbone, last mile connectivity in fixedline and
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mobile circles, *%'Ts, (%= and international bandwidth access through the gateways
and landing station.
'irtel is the largest cellular service provider in (ndia in terms of number of
subscribers. )harti 'irtel owns the 'irtel brand and provides the following services
under the brand name 'irtel2 obile %ervices 5using 4% Technology6, )roadband
J Telephone %ervices 5Bixed line, (nternet Connectivity5H%#6 and #eased #ine6,
#ong Histance %ervices and 0nterprise %ervices 5Telecommunications Consulting for
corporates6. #eading international telecommunication companies such as *odafone
and %ingTel held partial staes in )harti 'irtel. (n 'pril 788? )harti 4lobal #imited
was awarded a telecommunications license in Mersy in the Channel (slands by the
local telecommunications regulator the MCE'.
(n %eptember 788? the +ffice of 9tility Eegulation in 4uernsey awarded 4uernsey
'irtel with a mobile telecommunications license. (n ay 788F Mersey 'irtel and
4uernsey 'irtel announced the launch of a relationship with *odafone for island
mobile subscribers. (n Muly 788F, )harti 'irtel signed an o9 with 3oia%iemens
for a D88 million dollar expansion of its mobile and fixed networ.RS (n 'ugust 788F,
the company announced it will be launching a customized version of 4oogle search
engine that will provide an Garray of servicesG to its broadband customers
INTRODUCTION
IDEA
's (ndiaGs leading 4% obile %ervices operator, (H0' Cellular has licenses to
operate in AA circles. With a customer base of over AF million, (H0' Cellular has
operations in Helhi,aharashtra, 4oa, 4ujarat, 'ndhra =radesh, adhya =radesh,
Chhattisgarh,9ttaranchal, 1aryana, 9=West, 1imachal =radesh and Kerala. (H0'
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CellularGs footprint Currently covers approximately :;< of (ndiaGs population and
over ;8< of the potential Telecommaret.
's a leader in *alue 'dded %ervices, (nnovation is central to (H0'Gs *'% Bactory. (t
is the first cellular company to launch music messaging with GCellular MoceyG,
G)acground TonesG, G4roup TalG, a voice portal with G%ay (H0'G and a complete suite
of obile 0mail %ervices. (dea Cellular is a wireless telephony company operating in
various states in (ndia. (t initially started in ADD; as a join venture between the Tatas,
'ditya )irla 4roup and 'TJT by merging Tata Cellular and )irla 'TJT
Communications.
(nitially having a very limited footprint in the 4% arena, the acquisition of 0scotel
in 788: gave (dea a truly pan(ndia presence covering aharashtra 5excluding
umbai6, 4oa, 4ujarat, 'ndhra =radesh, adhya =radesh, Chattisgarh, 9ttar =radesh
50ast and West6, 1aryana, Kerala, Eajasthan and Helhi 5inclusive of 3CE6.
The company has its retail outlets under the (dea nG 9 banner. The company has also
been the first to offer flexible tariff plans for prepaid customers. (t also offers 4=E%
services in urban areas.
1olding
(nitially the )irla&s, the Tata&s and 'TJT Wireless each held onethird equity in the
company. )ut following 'TJT WirelessG merger with Cingular Wireless in 788:,
Cingular decided to sell its 7.D< stae in (dea. This stae was bought by both the
Tatas and )irlas at A?.:;< each.TataGs foray into the cellular maret with its own
subsidiary, Tata (ndicom, a CH' basedmobile provider, cropped differences
between the Tata&s and the )irla&s. This dual holding by the Tatas also became a major
reason for the delay in (dea being granted a license to operate in umbai. This was
because as per Hepartment of Telecom 5H+T6 license norms, one promoter could not
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have more than A8< stae in two companies operating in the same circle and Tata
(ndicom was already operating in umbai when (dea filed for its license. The )irlas
thus approached the H+T and sought its intervention, and the Tatas replied by saying
that they would exit (dea but only for a good price. +n 'pril A8, 788?, the 'ditya
)irla 4roup announced its acquisition of the :>.A>< stae held by the Tatas at Es.
:8.;A a share amounting to Es. ::.8? billion. While A;< of the :>.A:< stae was
acquired by 'ditya )irla 3uvo, a company incharge of the )irlasG new business
initiatives, the remaining stae was acquired by )irla TT holdings =rivate #td., an
'* )irla family owned company.Currently, )irla 4roup holds D>.< of the total
shares of t
company. (dea has successfully launched more new circles 5states6 in (ndia viz.
Eajasthan, 1imachal =radesh and 9= 50ast6 to mae itself a pan(ndia player.
Eecently, (dea got licenses to operate in umbai J )ihar.
(3TE+H9CT(+3
E0#('3C0
!' HE0' C+0 TE90P
The #ate Hhirubhai 'mbani dreamt of a digital (ndia Q an (ndia where the common
man would have access to affordable means of information and communication.
Hhirubhai, who singlehandedly built (ndia&s largest private sector company virtually
from scratch, had stated as early as ADDD2 !ae the tools of information and
communication available to people at an affordable cost. They will overcome the
handicaps of illiteracy and lac of mobility.P (t was with this belief in mind that
Eeliance Communications 5formerly Eeliance (nfocomm6 started laying ?8,888 route
ilometres of a pan(ndia fibre optic bacbone.
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This bacbone was commissioned on 7> Hecember 7887, the auspicious occasion of
Hhirubhai&s F8th birthday, though sadly after his unexpected demise on ? Muly 7887.
Eeliance Communications has a reliable, highcapacity, integrated 5both wireless and
wireline6 and convergent 5voice, data and video6 digital networ. (t is capable of
delivering a range of services spanning the entire infocomm 5information and
communication6 value chain, including infrastructure and services Q for enterprises
as well as individuals, applications, and consulting.
Today, Eeliance Communications is revolutionising the way (ndia communicates and
networs, truly bringing about a new way of life.Eeliance Communications 5formerly
Eeliance (nfocomm6, along with Eeliance Telecom and Blag Telecom, is part of
Eeliance Communications *entures 5ECo*#6. 'ccording to 3ational %toc 0xchange
data, 'nil 'mbani controls ??.F; per cent of the company, which accounts for more
than A.? billion shares of the company.RASEeliance (nfocomm is an (ndian
telecommunications company. (t is the flagship company of the Eeliance 'nil
Hhirubhai 'mbani 4roup, comprising of power 5Eeliance 0nergy6, financial services
5Eeliance Capital6 and telecom initiatives of the Eeliance 'H' 4roup. Eeliance
(nfocomm is currently managed by 'nil Hhirubhai 'mbani.(t uses CH'7888 Ax
technology
1(%T+E@
Eeliance (nfocomm was founded by Hhirubhai 'mbani. )etween ADDD to 7887
Eeliance (nfocomm built ?8,888 m of fibre optic bacbone in (ndia. This networ
was commissioned on Hecember 7>, 7887.
B++T=E(3T
't present, Eeliance TelecomGs 4% cellular services are available in :8 towns
within its eightcircle footprint. EelianceGs CH' services are available in AD states
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and cover about ?;< of the country, state wise. Eeliance (nfocomm also offered for
the first time in (ndia, mobile data services through its EWorld mobile portal. This
portal leverages the data capability of the CH' AU networ.
)9%(30%% E0*(0W
Huring the twelve months ended arch A, 788F, revenues of the Wireless business
increased by :?< to Es. A8,F7> crore 59%L 7,:>D million6 from Es. F,?: crore 59%L
A,F8D million6.
Wireless 0)(TH' increased to Es. ,D>: crore 59%L D7: million6 from Es. 7,7;8
crore 59%L ;77 million6. argins expanded to F< from A
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T'T' T0#0%0E*(C0%
Tata Teleservices #imited 5TT%#6 is part of the Tata 4roup of Companies, an (ndian
Conglomerate. (t runs the brand name Tata (ndicom in (ndia in various telecom circles
of (ndia. The company forms part of the Tata 4roupGs presence in the
Telecommunication (ndustry in (ndia, along with Tata Teleservices 5aharashtra6
#imited 5TT#6 and *%3#. TT%# was incorporated in ADD; and was the first
company to offer CH' obile services in (ndia, specifically in the state of 'ndhra
=radesh.
(n Hecember 7887, the company acquired the erstwhile 1ughes Telecom 5(ndia6
#td.which was renamed Tata Teleservices 5aharashtra6 #imited. (n %eptember 788F,
Tata (ndicom launched the Tal World plan, an (nternational #ong Histance =lan.Tata
is the direct competitor with Eeliance, both CH' operators in (ndia. The company
provides unified telecommunication solutions including mobile, fixed wireless, fixed
line
and broadband. +ther competitors are *odafone, 'irtel, 'ircel, (dea, T3#, )%3#
providing 4% based mobile telephony. The company was first in (ndia to provide
free intra networ calling within city limits. They launched a unique scheme
providing lifetime rental free connectivity on its mobile and fixed wireless for a one
time charge. Tata Teleservices is part of the (3E Es. AAD888 Crore 59%L 7D billion6
Tata 4roup, that has over >F companies, over 7;8,888 employees and more than 7.>
million shareholders. With a committed investment of (3E ?,888 Crore 59%L F.;
billion6 in Telecom 5B@ 788?6, the 4roup has a formidable presence across the
telecom value chain.
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Tata Teleservices spearheads the 4roup&s presence in the telecom sector. (ncorporated
in ADD?, Tata Teleservices was the first to launch CH' mobile services in (ndia with
the 'ndhra =radesh circle. %tarting with the major acquisition of 1ughes Tele.com
5(ndia6 #imited Rnow renamed Tata Teleservices 5aharashtra6 #imitedS in Hecember
7887 the company swung into an expansion mode. With the total (nvestment of Es
AD,D7: Crore, Tata Teleservices has
created a =an (ndia presence spread across 78 circles that includes 'ndhra =radesh,
Chennai, 4ujarat, Karnataa, Helhi, aharashtra, umbai, Tamil 3adu, +rissa,
)ihar, Eajasthan, =unjab, 1aryana, 1imachal =radesh, 9ttar =radesh 506, 9ttar
=radesh 5W6, Kerala, Kolata, adhya =radesh and West )engal. 1aving pioneered
the CH' 4Ax technology platform in (ndia, Tata Teleservices has established a
robust and reliable 4 ready telecom infrastructure that ensures quality in its services.
(t has partnered with otorola, 0ricsson, #ucent and 0C( Telecom for the deployment
of a reliable, technologically advanced networ. The company, which heralded
convergence technologies in the (ndian telecom sector, is today the maret leader in
the fixed wireless telephony maret with a total customer base of over .> million.
Tata Teleservices& bouquet of telephony services includes obile services, Wireless
Hestop =hones, =ublic )ooth Telephony and Wireline services. +ther services
include value added services lie voice portal, roaming, postpaid (nternet services,
way conferencing, group calling, WiBi (nternet, 9%) odem, data cards, calling
card services and enterprise services. %ome of the other products launched by the
company include prepaid wireless destop phones, public phone booths, new mobile
handsets and new voice J data services such as )E0W games, *oice =ortal, picture
messaging, polyphonic ring tones, interactive applications lie news, cricet,
astrology, etc. Tata (ndicom redefined the existing prepaid mobile maret in (ndia, by
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unveiling their offering / Tata (ndicom -3on %top obile& which allows customers to
receive free incoming calls. Tata Teleservices today has (ndia&s largest branded
telecom retail chain and is the first service provider in the country to offer an online
channel www.ichoose.into offer postpaid mobile connections in the country.
Tata Teleservices has a strong worforce of ?888. (n addition, TT%# has created more
than 78,888 jobs, which will include A8,888 indirect jobs through outsourcing of its
manpower needs.
Today, Tata Teleservices #imited along with Tata Teleservices 5aharashtra6 #imited
serves over 7A million customers in over :888 towns. With an ambitious rollout plan
both within existing circles and across new circles, Tata Teleservices offers world
class technology and userfriendly services in 78 circles.
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wining customerGs confidence. Today, it has about :F. million line basic telephone
capacity, : million W## capacity, 78.A illion 4% Capacity, more than F>7 fixed
exchanges, A>888 )T%, 7>F %atellite %tations, :>8AD? Em of +BC Cable, ?F8
Em of icrowave 3etwor connecting ?87 Histricts, F8 citiesItowns and ;.;
#ahs villages. )%3# is the only service provider, maing focused efforts and
planned initiatives to bridge the Eural9rban Higital Hivide (CT sector. (n fact there
is no telecom operator in the country to beat its reach with its wide networ giving
services in every noo J corner of country and operates across (ndia except Helhi J
umbai. Whether it is inaccessible areas of %iachen glacier and 3orth eastern region
of the country. )%3# serves its customers with its wide bouquet of telecom services.
)%3# is numerous 9no operator of (ndia in all services in its license area. The
company offers vide ranging J most transparent tariff schemes designed to suite
every customer. )%3# cellular service, Cell +ne, has more than AF.> million cellular
customers, garnering 7: percent of all mobile users as its subscribers. That means that
almost every fourth mobile user in the country has a )%3# connection. (n basic
services, )%3# is miles ahead of its rivals, with ;.A million )asic =hone subscribers
i.e. >; per cent share of the subscriber base and D7 percent share in revenue
terms.)%3# has more than 7.; million W## subscribers and 7.; million (nternet
Customers who access (nternet through various modes viz. Hialup, #eased #ine,
H('%, 'ccount #ess (nternet5C#(6. )%3# has been adjudged as the 39)0E +30
(%= in the country. )%3# has set up a world class multigigabit, multiprotocol
convergent (= infrastructure that provides convergent services lie voice, data and
video through the same )acbone and )roadband 'ccess 3etwor. 't present there
are 8.? million Hata +ne broadband customers.The company has vast experience in
=lanning, (nstallation, networ integration and aintenance of %witching J
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Transmission 3etwors and also has a world class (%+ D888 certified Telecom
Training (nstitute.%caling new heights of success, the present turnover of )%3# is
more than Es.;A,>78 million 59% L > billion6 with net profit to the tune of Es.DD,D8
million 59% L 7.7? billion6 for last financial year. The infrastructure asset on
telephone alone is worth about Es.?8,888 million 59% L A:.F billion6.
)%3# plans to expand its customer base from present :F millions lines to A7; million
lines by Hecember 788F and infrastructure investment plan to the tune of Es. F
crores 59%L A?.?F million6 in the next three years. The turnover, nationwide coverage,
reach, comprehensive range of telecom services and the desire to excel has made
)%3# the 3o. A Telecom Company of (ndia.
What is prepaid mobile serviceV
=repaid cellular services are getting very popular these days. any people now prefer
prepaid services since they offer a variety of advantages related to lifestyle and cost
control that simply are not available through postpaid contract based services.
=repaid cell phones have a distinct advantage over regular subscriptions. They offer
cost control with a fixed price per minute, control over costs with cell phones
distributed by parents, no credit chec and increased anonymity.4et you own cell
phone with no credit checO (tGs todayGs safe, convenient, andflexible way to manage
your spending on cellular phones. =repaid cell phones are convenient and easy to get
because there are2
no contracts
no credit checs
no deposits
no monthly bills
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no activation or early termination fees
@ou will be safer and more secure when you own a prepaid cell phone without paying
hefty monthly fees.
4reat Cost Control with 3o surprisesO
(ncreasing consumer demand for prepaid cellular phones =repaid cellular services are
currently the fastestgrowing segment of the wireless phone maret, perhaps because
wireless service can be started up with no subscription fee for well under LA88. ore
and more people are using this service to control spending than to get around credit
problems. (n 0urope, already more than ?8 < of subscribers are on a prepaid wireless
plan, while in the 9nited %tates, only > to A8 percent of users have chosen that system
)ut itGs growing fast2 in Canada, for example, some providers see their prepaid
subscribers base increase ;8< faster than those of an ordinary monthly billed service.
=repaid cellular phones are ideal in the following situations2
(f you want to budget your cell phone use, or
(f you want a phone for occasional use but donGt want to pay a monthly service fee
or enter a longterm agreement, or
(f you have no credit history or past credit problems, or
(f your usage varies from month to month, or
(f you want to buy your children a phone for emergency use but restrict the amount
of calls they can mae, or
(f you are looing for a gift. +r
(f you donGt feeling comfortable providing information for a carrier credit chec, or
(f you want to learn about your usage patterns before committing to a longterm
onthly billing wireless contract.
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What is lifetime validityV
#ifetime prepaid means that your cellphone connection remains valid for life. @ou
also get a minimal tal time, ranging from Es A8 to Es A88 .The good part is that all
subsequent recharges give you full tal time. There will be no processing charges,
something that is a big turnoff for prepaid customers. Bor instance, out of the Es ;
an 'irtel prepaid customer in Helhi pays to recharge his connection for 8 days, Es
A;8 go into processing fees. 'nother Es. A goes to the government as tax and he gets
airtime worth only Es A;:. (f he taes the lifetime validity offer, the same Es ;
recharge will give him tal time worth Es 87 Q and that&s for life. )y saving on the
Es A;8 processing fee, he will recover the onetime charge for lifetime validity in a
few months. #ifetime plans allow prepaid subscribers to have lifetime validity for a
onetime payment. The user can then continue to receive calls without having to
recharge.
TE'( on #ifetime validity plans
TE'( ass mobile operators to disclose ey issues of lifetime plans. TE'( has ased
the mobile operators offering lifetime connectivity plans to disclose Gris factorsG, lie
change in tariff plans and their remaining license period duration, in their
announcement.
The Telecom Eegulatory 'uthority of (ndia 5TE'(6 incorporated safeguards to
protect consumer interest in the lifetime validity tariff schemes being offered by
phone companies. These include a restriction on the companies from hiing the tariff
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on any item specified in the plans and an obligation to inform the subscribers of the
monthand year of the expiry of current license.
The amendment to the Telecommunication Tariff +rder thus addresses a moral issue
that had arisen after phone companies began promoting lifetime schemes Q their
licenses are for a limited span ranging from seven to A; years while they were
offering a tariff that went well beyond the license period. (t also answered a question
in the minds of the subscribers whether there would be subsequent demands from
phone companies after the initial upfront payment. TE'( made it clear that in the case
of tariff plans offered or mareted as having lifetime or unlimited validity, the
subscribers should get the service as long as the phone company is permitted to
provide such telecom service under the current license or renewed license. TE'( has
also reiterated the right of the subscribers to choose any tariff plan at any point of
time.
TE'( released a XEegulation on Code of =ractice for etering and )illing 'ccuracy.&
With no staeholder replying to the consultation paper on billing issues that also
Contained a code of practice for metering and billing accuracy, TE'( decided to issue
the regulation. (t has directed companies before enrolling a customer to inform in
writing, within a wee of activation of service, the complete details of the tariff plan.
Charges for a value added service 5download of film clip, ring tone and the lie6 or
entry to an interactive service 5such as a game6 must be provided before the customer
commits to use the service.
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'rticles 3o. A
. '3'4003T =E'CT(C0% (3B#903C(34 30W=E+H9CT T1'T(% #(B0
T(0 =#'3 +B%9CC0%% '3H B'(#9E0 (3 T10 ' %(' '3H
%C'3H(3'*(' 2 ' CE+%%C9#T9E'# C+='E'T(*0%T9H@ +B
T0#0C+=E+H9CT .
'bstract2
This comparative crosscultural study of 'sia and %candinavian
telecommunications products found both similarities and differences in the successful
new product development 53=H6 management practices that is time plan within the
'sia and %candinavia. =roficiencies in conducting development, mareting, and
customer service activities were identified as important to 3=H success in both
%candinavia and the 9.%. 1owever, differences between the 'sia and %candinavia
were found with regard to the importance of research and developmentImareting
integration and project manager competency, with these aspects being more important
to 3=H success in the 'sia 'dditional differences between %candinavia and the 9.%.
were found in the successful 3=H strategies for entering familiar versus unfamiliar
marets, with the %candinavian systems being more oriented toward product design
strategies lie life time plan of telecom industry. The overall results characterized 9.%.
3=H management systems as productmaret oriented, tas focused, and project
management driven. )y comparison, the %candinavian 3=H management systems
were characterized as productservice oriented, driven by enduring interpersonal
relationships and socially oriented to helping others. These characterizations were
found to be consistent with dissimilarities in the national cultures of the 'sia and
%candinavia, suggesting that some core 3=H management principles may be
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generally important to success, whereas others may be culturally dependent. The
importance of recognizing these differences is pointed out in a discussion of their
implications for 3=H theory and practice in todayGs global economy.
'rticles 3o. 7
B+E0C'%T(34 'EK0T H0'3H B+E #(B0 T(0 =#'3 +B 30W
T0#0C+93C'T(+3 %0E*(C0%2 '3 (3TE+H9CT(+3
')%T'CT2
The mareting team of a new telecommunications company is usually tased
with producing forecasts for diverse staeholders with different needs. Consequently,
those outside mareting often realize both the many reasons for developing forecasts
nor the mareting theory used and the challenges involved in doing so. )ased on our
three decades of experience woring with telecommunications operators around the
world we see to redress this situation by presenting a discussion of the issues
involved in demand forecasting for new communications services.
'rticles 3o.
490%T 0H(T+E('#. "9'#(T@ +B T0#0C+93(C'T(+3 %0E*(C0%,
30TW+EK% '3H =E+H9CT%.
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')%TE'CT2
The present issue of the (000 Mournal on %elected 'reas in Communications provides
a forum in which suppliers of telecommunications services and suppliers of
telecommunications equipment can come together with the academic and research
communities to meet the quality needs of end users. =apers cover the areas of
understanding and communicating customer needs, tools and techniques for managing
quality and evolving survivability, reliability, and security needs
'rticle 3o:
T0#0C+93(C'T(+3% =+#(C@ (3 (3H('2 T10 =+#(T(C'#
')%T'CT2
(n the midAD>8s (ndia became one of the first developing countries to launch reforms
in its telecommunications services$ yet A8 years later little change had been
introduced in the sector. Then in ADD: the government launched a new national
telecommunications policy which has a considerable number of important features
that are rather puzzling and uniquely (ndian. This paper argues that the slow pace and
uniqueness of (ndiaGs telecommunications reform are to be explained in terms of the
countryGs institutional arrangements. Eadical telecommunications reforms move at a
slow pace, tae peculiar local twists or fall in implementation when 5A6 the state is
highly permeable and vulnerable to demands from powerful, domestic interest groups
that oppose changes in the sector$ andIor 576 top government officials diverge and
clash over the reform agenda, generally due to the head of stateGs lac of power.
'rticles 3o. ;
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A8. H0'3H B+E #(B0 T(0 =#'3 +B T0#0C+93(C'T(+3 %0E*(C0%
(3 H0*0#+=(34 C+93TE(0%.
')%TE'CT2
#iving standards and economic growth in developing countries are invariably lined
to the availability and use of telecom services. 0ffective policy decisions require the
best estimates of the drivers of these services. (n this paper, telecommunications
demand is estimated in models for residential mainline and mobile telephone service
for developing countries for the period ADD?/788. The paper tests for crossprice
effects between mainline and mobile service and its findings have important policy
implications. (t finds residential monthly price elasticity to be insignificant for
developing countries, but the connection elasticity is larger than generally found in the
literature. obile monthly price elasticities are very large. ' new and important
empirical finding is that although wireline phones are substitutes in the mobile
maret, the contrary is not trueQmobile phones are not substitutes in the wireline
maret, and in fact may be considered complements. This lac of symmetry has
important implications for properly defining telecom marets. 9niversal service
subsidies and competitive maret initiatives should be reevaluated in light of the
paper&s elasticity estimates. (ncreased competition, income growth and enhanced
education may be the ultimate universal service promoters
'rticles 3o. ?
T10 H(BB9%(+3 +B +)(#0 T0#0C+93(C'T(+3 %0E*(C0% (3 T10
'%('3 93(+3
')%TE'CT2
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We study the technological and regulatory determinants of the diffusion of
mobile telecommunications services in the 0uropean 9nion, using a logistic model of
diffusion. We find that the transition from the analogue to the digital technology
during the early ADD8s, and the corresponding increase in spectrum capacity, had a
major impact on the diffusion of mobile telecommunications. Countries which
granted first licenses at later points in time show a significant but slow catchingup
effect, implying international convergence only by around 788?. The impact of
introducing competition has also been significant, during both the analogue and the
digital period, though the effect was smaller than the technology effect.
'rticles 3o. F
C+=0T(T(+3 '3H (33+*'T(+3 2 T10 H(BB9%(+3 +)(#0
T0#0C+93(C'T(+3 (3 C03TE'# '3H 0'%T0E3 '%('3
')%TE'CT2
The paper unravels the determinants of the diffusion of mobile telecommunications in
Central and 0astern 0urope. 'bout 78< of the population will adopt mobile
telecommunications. The diffusion speed is faster in countries that have adopted
mobile telecommunications late, implying a pattern of convergence in the diffusion
levels. The speed of diffusion increases with the number of firms. %imultaneous entry
is more effective than sequential entry in accelerating the diffusion speed. Hiffusion
speed increases with the size of the fixed telecommunications networ and the length
of the waiting list. =olicy recommendations derived from these results permit to
further qualify popular views on the sector.
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'rticles 3o. >
T10 (='CT +B =E(*'T(N'T(+3 '3H C+=0T(T(+3 (3 T10
T0#0C+93(C'T(+3%%0CT+E'E+93H T10 W+E#H .
')%TE'CT 2
9sing a comprehensive country level panel data set covering the period from ADD8 to
788A, we investigate the impact of privatization and competition in the
telecommunications sector around the world. Bull privatization, which gave private
owners control rights, contributed substantially to improving the allocation of labor
and capital, expanding service output and networ penetration, and improving labor
and total factor productivities. )ut partial privatization, in which the state retained
control rights, showed no significant impact. The increase in competitive pressure
contributed substantially to growth in the sector by raising both factor inputs and total
factor productivity. We also found evidence of complementarity between privatization
and competition in deepening networ penetration and in restraining the rise of
service pricing among privatized operators. +ur results are robust to plausible
alternative specifications.
'rticles 3o. D
B+E'# %T'3H'EH%%0TT(34 B+E 4#+)'# T0#0C+93(C'T(+3
'3H (3B+E'T(+3 %0E*(C0%. T+W'EH% '3 (3%T(T9T(+3'# E04(0
TE'3%B+E'T(+3V
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mainly covering research themes lie settlement and regulation policy, strategic
alliances and incumbents& reactions to deregulation as well as opening of marets in
depth until recently. Wire line telephony T%( has been the dominant segment in most
contributions, while the mobile or broadband (nternet segments only featured in more
recent wor. %egment characteristics lie nonuniform barriers to entry, different
reasons for alliances and nonuniform levels of internationalization differentiate these
T%( segments pose a number of additional questions concerning telecom firms&
internationalization strategy and success promising for future research.
'rticles 3o. AA
!C+='E'T(*0 %T9H@ +B T0#0H03%(T@ (3 ='K(%T'3 '3H (3H('P
Countries that succeeded in harnessing 5information and telecommunication
technology6 potential can loo forward to leapfrogging conventional obstacles of
infrastructure development, and that 0veryone should be able to enjoy access to
information and communication networs
5%aid by 4> members6
=aistan and (ndia are the most oldest, famous and strong rival. They are competing
each other in every field. Telecom is one of them which too the shape of an industry,
as maret watchers put it, is one of the fastest growing and lucrative sector.
Teledensity a common term which comes in telecom means the number of main
telephones lines for every A88 inhabitants, in broader term mobile subscriber includes
in it.P !Teledensity is also used to refer the level of a country&s telecommunication
infrastructureP 5%aunders etal., ADD:$ 4ille AD>?6.
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Hespite stiff competition, economic slowdown and emerging saturation in the maret
of telecom industry, the total teledensity of the country has reached to ever highest of
?8.?< in '@, which means that number of connection through fixed line, wireless
local loop and cellular phone has increased by more than ?8< of the country&s
population.
the teledensity has been driven by the wireless local loop and cellular phone
connections, which have been registering growth persistently despite watchdogs
regulation and price war.Teledensity of mobile subscriber also registered all time high
level of ;?.?< with over DAmillion total customers base .wireless local loop sector
has retained its teledensity at A.; with overall 7.:A million subscriber on the networ
of various operators.
+n the other hand (ndia&s teledensity at the end of 'EC1X8D was F million wire line
subscriber. The 4% subscribers of total wireless subscriber were 7>> million at
arch end 8D. Teledensity increased from :< in ADD? to 78< in 788F which was
primarily public sector driven and also by the new technology i.e. mobile technology.
=aistan have higher mobile teledensity ie D8< of population as compared to (ndia
which has ?8
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The pioneer in this race was )harti Televentures, which is owned by %unil ittat. The
company launched a lifetime offer with onetime payment of Es DDD.'fter which
there were a number of cellular operators, which include 'irtel, 1utch, Eeliance
(nfocomm, %pice, T3# and )%3# followed suite, the functioning of all was the
same / get lifetime validity on your prepaid cards with just a onetime entry fee. (dea
Cellular too is one of the contestants in the race and infact went ahead and extended
the scheme to prepaid as well as postpaid customers.
'ET(C#0A
(3T0E3'T(+3'# M+9E3'# +B +)(#0 C+93(C'T(+3%
'bstract2
Wireless penetration and the (ndian economy have grown significantly over the past
few years, but how robust and sustainable is the adoption of wireless services and
productsV %everal papers have discussed (ndia as a wireless service and product
maret, and sometimes tried to assess quantitative attributes thereof. The present
paper aims, looing from a managerial point of view, at the unique underlying
evolution processes, bottlenecs and riss. (t analyses five traditional adoption
models, as well as five other oneGs, to determine their fit, or not, to the (ndian wireless
evolution.
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'rticles A:
(3%(41T% +3 T10 HE(*0E% '3H (31()(T+E% +B +)(#0 H'T' %0E*(C0%
9=T'K0
'Hepartment of anagement %cience and Technology, 'thens 9niversity of
0conomics and )usiness, 4EAA?7 'thens, 4reece
')%TE'CT2
%tudying the adoption and acceptance of obile Hata %ervices 5H%6 has been an
intriguing endeavour for quite some time. uch of the related literature is inspired by
the technology acceptance model and its heirs. The study presented in this paper
adopts an alternative perspective and proposes the study of H% actual usage patterns
under the lens of the Triandis theory of explaining human behaviour. To this end, we
adjust the concepts included in the original Triandis model to the H% context and
construct a model predicting H% use. The model is empirically validated through a
survey 53 Y ?;6 and tested for its predictive capacity against four different H%
categories 5mcommerce, communication, information and entertainment services6.
Eesults suggest that the uptae of each of the four service categories is contingent
upon a limited set of factors. (n addition, financial barriers emerge as a unive inhibitor
over and above specific service groupings.rsal
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%ubscriber in million
s By 788?8F By788F8>
arch 'ug 'dd
during
'pril
'ug
788?
arch Muly 'ug 'dds.
Huring
'ug
'dds
during
'pril
'ug
Wire
less
D>.F> A7.:: 7:.?? A?;.AA AD7.D> 78A.7D >.A ?.A>
Wire
line
:A.;: :8.>F 8.?F :8.F; D.>D D.F 8.A? A.87
total A:8.7 A?:.A 7.DD 78;.>? 77.>F 78A.87 >.A; ;.A?
The present data is tentative and liely to be adjusted on the basis of quarterly
reports received from telecom service provide
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Comparison of lifetime plans of all cellular companies
C0##9#'E
C+.%
#(B0
T(0
=#'3
E%.
Charges 5call rates6
+wn
networ
+ther
networ
%TH (%H %%
#I3I(
'(ET0# D; +.?8 A 7.?; ?.D AI7I;
)%3# 7D; 8.?8 A.:8 7.F; D.A? AI7I;
E&C+ ADD 8.?8 8.DD 7.DD AA AI7I;
T'T'
(3H(C+
7>D 8.?8 7 7.F; A AI7I;
CHAPTER TWO
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E0*(0W +B #(T0E'T9E0
The growth in demand for telecom services in (ndia is not limited to basic
telephone services. (ndia has witnessed rapid growth in cellular, radio
paging$ value added services, internet and global communication by satel item
54=C%6 services. The agents of change, as observed from
international perspective, have been broadly categorized into economic
structure, competition policy and technology. 0conomic reforms and liberalization
have driven telecom sector through several transmission channels of which these
three categories are of major significance.
The effective research cannot be accomplished without critically studying
what already exists in the form of general literature and specific studies.
Therefore, it is considered as an important prerequisite for actual planning and execution
of research project. This helps to formulate hypotheses and framewor for further
investigation. (n this research, the survey of literature has been classified into two
parts studies related to telecom sector and studies related to mareting strategies.
Technological changes in the telecom and computers have radically changed the
business scenario. (n turn, the new demands of business have spurred many telecom
based technological innovations. (n order to exploit these innovations for competing
in global marets, business community has been putting pressures on governments to
revise the policy, regulation and structure of the telecom sector. %everal countries
across the world have responded by restructuring the state controlled telecom
provider, increasing private participation and deregulating service provisions.
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)usiness Today 5ADD767Fpointed out that due to lac of technical and
financial resources especially foreign exchange, the H+T generally lagged behind in
its level of technology. (ndia s indigenization program in the
switching segment
carried out by CH+T was successful in the introduction of rural exchanges designed
especially for (ndian conditions characterized by dust, heat and humidity
%T9H@ E0#'T0H T+ 'EK0T(34 %TE'T04@
%trategy is the fundamental pattern of present and planned objectives, resources,
developments and interactions of an organizations with marets, competitors and other
environmental factors.5ullins, Waler, )eyd J #arreche, 7887 6F7for this reason , a
good strategy should always
specify$
A. What is to be accomplished
7. Where the product, maret, or industries that are to be
focused.
. 1ow resources and activities that will be allocated to each
maretI product to gain sustainable competitive advantage.
areting is a process for analyzing, planning and managing the
organizations resources while identifying and serving current and potential client group
and their needs profitability.
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Eeason for developing mareting strategy Hirs J Hanniel5ADDA6F
mention that company managers choose to introduced and I or reemphasize mareting
strategy for a number of reasons, which may range from personal interests to corporate
policies. 1owever the reason usually centers around an opportunities or an identified
problem that the company management
needs to explore. Bor example 2
A. (ntroducing new products or services
7. 0xpanding into new marets.
. Hifferentiating products or services.
:. Eevitalizing products, services or marets.
;. Heleting or ZH0 mareting product or service
?. Eesponding to a drop in sales or profits.
F. 0valuating financial or legal riss of opportunities.
>. 0nhancing company image, brand or reputation
CHAPTER THREE
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+)M0CT(*0 '3H E0%0'EC1 0T1+H+#+4@
Eesearch methodology is a way to systematically solve the research problem. (t is the
study of the various steps that are generally adopted by the researcher in studying his
research problem along with the logic behind them. Eesearch methodology considers
the research methods. The logic behind the methods used, and reason for using a
particular method or technique to facilitate evaluation of the research by the
researcher himself or by others.
The study under taen by the researcher is,
!Comparative study of life time plan of telecom services.P
+)M0CT(*0% +B T10 %T9H@
A. To find out the difference between the life time plan of different telecom industry.
7. To find out the hidden information in lifetime plans of cellular services.
. To find out the consumer satisfaction towards the lifetime plans
:. To find out the actual growth in telecommunication industry.
E0%0'EC1 0T1+H%2
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Eesearch methods means the method adopted for the collection of the data and the
information. The different research methods used in social science are as follows2
[ 1istorical method2
(t is the method in which present day events are studied with reference to the events
that too place in the past. %ources of historical data are boos, magazines, accessible
documents, papers and literature, autobiographies, statistical material etc.
Case study method2
' case study is a deep and intensive study of particular social unit confined to a very
small number of cases. (t is a complete analysis and report of the status of an
individual subject. %ources of case study are personal documents, life history etc.
Hata Collection2
To mae any decisions in any business you need data. Bacts expressed in quantitative
form can be termed as data. The collection of data is one of the most important steps
in research, as success of any statistical investigation depends on the availability of
accurate and reliable data. Hepending upon the sources utilized, whether the data has
come from actual observations or from records that are ept for normal purposes, data
can be classified into two categories .
C#'%%(B(C'T(+3 +B H'T'2
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=rimary Hata2
The primary data are those, which are, collected a fresh for the first time, and thus
happen to be original in character. The primary data is one, which is collected by the
investigator himself for the purpose of study or inquiry.
%econdary Hata2
The secondary data are those which have already been collected by some one else and
which have already been pass through the statistical process.
%+9EC0% +B %0C+3H'E@ H'T' C+##0CT(+32
*arious publications of the central, state and local governments.
Technical and trade journals.
)oos, magazines and newspapers.
Eeports and publications of various associations connected with business and
industry, bans universities, economists, etc., in different fields.
=ublic records and statistics, historical documents and other sources of
published documents.
9npublished data lie unpublished biographies, data found in diaries and
letters etc.
)efore using the secondary data the researcher must ensure the reliability,
suitability and adequacy of data.
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Bor the present study the researcher has collected only secondary data.
=rocessing and 'nalysis of Hata2
The data after collection has to be processed and analyzed in accordance with the
outline laid down for the purpose of study. =rocessing implies editing, coding,
classification and tabulation of collected data so that they are amenable to analysis.
'nalysis of data refers to the computation of certain measures along with searching
for patterns of relationship that exist among data groups.
#((T'T(+3 +B T10 %T9H@
The following are the limitations of the present study.
A. This study was carried out only on secondary data.
7. This study was carried out from >th Hec, 788D to Fth Man, 78A8 and
. The generalization and conclusions are based on the data collected through the
internet 'nd magazines.
:. The study may not be accurate because it is based on secondary source of
information.
;. The study may be biased because the secondary source may have altered the
data
Bor its own benefits.
H'T' '3'#@%(%
CHAPTER FOUR
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5A6 1ow many customers have any T0#0C+ connectionV
The data shows that the total sample size of ;8 people taen for research out of which
>?< of persons eep telecom service with them.
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The data shows that 7A? persons are from business, A7 persons are professionals, ?>
persons are government employees and D persons are found students to consume
mobiles.
6 Ho the customers now how many telecommunication companies exist in eerut
regionV
5a6 :
5b6 7
5c6 A
5d6 3ot nowing.
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The data shows that ?8< of people are aware about all companies dealing in
telecommunication in, eerut 8< of people says about only 7 companies, ;< are of
both categories nowing either one company or not nowing any and ;< are having nil
information about mobile companies dealing in eerut .
:6 (f the customers have to purchase Telecom service connection which company
customers will prefer and whyV
5a6 )%3#
5b6 'irtel
5c6 (H0'
5d6 Eeliance
When the preferences for mobile phone connections were ased, results drawn that :;< of customer satisfied with the lifetime plans of cellular companies, and which
are not satisfy with the service they are mostly )%3# and T'T' indicom users
\ ?< of the population use only mobile, and 8< of poulationuse both the
services J only ;< people use the telephone service. (t shows the popularity of
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cellular phone services.
\ :< of population are using the 'irtel services, which is the highest percentage
of users of cellular phone. (dea taes 7nd place in with 7>< of users. Then
comes reliance and )%3#, and tata indicom having leading competitor customers in
the
\ =repaid service is most popular in the cellular services with D;< of customers.
The remained uses postpaid services.
\ (n the lifetime plan of cellular companies most of the respondents are using this
service because of its validity eriod with >< of answer. Where A;< of people
lie this services because of its call rates.
%9440%T(+3%
\ (n the lifetime plans, cellular companies should reduce the call rates.
\ They should provide other facilities lie massage and minimum call rates in the
same networ.
\ They should mae aware the customers that they have limited license period.
\ They should not tae other hidden charges.
\ There should not be any compulsion that customer have to recharge their card in
A>8 days with certain amount. This is the main drawbac of the lifetime validity
plan.
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CHAPTER SIX
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CONCLUSION
(n (ndia it is found that 'irtel is the maret leader in the lifetime plan segment. =eople
lie the lifetime plans provided by the companies. 'nd (dea having 7nd highest
customers in Eeliance and (dea.
T'T' indicom having least customers , where Eeliance and )%3# having
almost equal percent of customer.
)ut population are not much aware about the bound of cellular companies with TE'(,
that cellularcompanies can deliver their services till their license have validity, they have
to renew itfor providing further service..
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BIBILIOGRAPHY
BOOKS:
A.)alu.v, mareting research of consumer behaviourP7ndedition788A, sri venadeswaran
bublications.
7.Kothari. c.r 57886 research methodologyP 7nd edition, wishawav praashan.
.Kotler philip57886 mareting management millennium edition, prentice tall of india
private limited 788A A8th edition.
:. 1awins H.(.)est, E.M. and Convey,K.'. Consumer )ehaviour (mplications for
areting %trategy, 5Eev.ed6,)usiness =ublications, (nc. Texas, 788A.
;. 1oward Mohn 1., and %heth,Magdish 3., The Theory of )uyers )ehaviour, Mohn Wiley
and %ons (nc.,3ew @or, 7888.
JOURNALS
'merican anagement 'ssociation. 5ADD?6. The '' style guide for business writing.
3ew @or, 3@2 'uthor.
)arthelemy, M., J 4eyer, H. 5788;6. 'n empirical investigation of (T outsourcing versus
outsourcing in Brance and 4ermany. (nformation J anagement, :7, ;;:7.
doi2A8.A8A?Ij.im.788:.87.88;
oneesha pachauri, 3ottingham 9niversity )usiness %chool, Mubilee campus, Wollaton
Eoad,
3ottingham,the mareting review, 7887, AD;;, (%%3 A:F7A>:I7887I888AD,
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WEB REFERENCE
www.airt!.i"
www.i#a$!!%!ar.$&'
www.()"!.i"
www.*a+&".i"
www.air$!.i"
ANNEXURE
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http://www.airtel.in/http://www.ideacellular.com/http://www.bsnl.in/http://www.vodafone.in/http://www.aircel.in/http://www.airtel.in/http://www.ideacellular.com/http://www.bsnl.in/http://www.vodafone.in/http://www.aircel.in/8/9/2019 summer training project on telecom sector
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'330U9E0
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6 Ho the customers now how many telecommunication companies exist in eerut
regionV
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o 3+T 'W'E0
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:6 (f the customers have to purchase Telecom service connection which company
customers will prefer and whyV
5e6 )%3#
5f6 'irtel
5g6 (H0'
5h6 Eeliance
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5;6 'M+E 0H(' %0E*(C0%
, T.*. Commercials
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