Summer Reinforcement

Worksheet 1 Living things ......................

Worksheet 2 Classification of livingthings ................................

Worksheet 3 Plant classification .............

Worksheet 4 Plant nutrition ....................

Worksheet 5 Plant reproduction .............

Worksheet 6 Invertebrates .....................

Worksheet 7 Arthropods and molluscs ...

Worksheet 8 Vertebrates: fish, amphibians, reptilesand birds ...........................

Worksheet 9 Vertebrates: mammals .......

5

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Reinforcement and extension

Science, Geography and History

Contents

Reinforcement Worksheets

Worksheet 10 The digestive process ........

Worksheet 11 Respiration and excretion ...

Worksheet 12 Circulation .........................

Worksheet 13 Matter and its properties ....

Worksheet 14 Changes in matterand changes of state..........

Worksheet 15 The atmosphereand the hydrosphere..........

Worksheet 16 The geosphere...................

Worksheet 17 Changes in the surfaceof the Earth........................

Worksheet 18 Landscapes .......................

Worksheet 19 Coastal landscapes ............

Worksheet 20 Rivers ................................

Worksheet 21 The watersheds of Spain ....

Worksheet 22 Climate ..............................

Worksheet 23 Population .........................

Worksheet 24 Population movement ........

Worksheet 25 The population of Spain .....

Worksheet 26 Work .................................

Worksheet 27 Economic sectors ..............

Worksheet 28 Prehistory ..........................

Worksheet 29 Antiquity ............................

Worksheet 30 The Visigoths .....................

Worksheet 31 Al Andalus and the firstChristian kingdoms ............

Worksheet 32 The Early Modern period.... Worksheet 33 Modern and Contemporary

Spain.................................

Extension Worksheets

Worksheet 1 .................. 36 Worksheet 6 ............... 46 Worksheet 11 ............... 56




Worksheet 5 .................. 44 Worksheet 10 ............... 54

Santillana

The Reinforcement and extension Worksheets for Science, Geography and History,

New Science, for Year 5 of Primary Education is a collective work, created, written

and developed in the Primary Education department at Santillana Educación, S.L.

under the supervision of JOSÉ LUIS ALZU GOÑI.

Ilustrations: Domingo Benito, Nacho Gómez and José Santos

Content Editor: Mar García

English Language Specialist: Jeannette West

English Language Editor: Mady Musiol

Editorial Coordination: Michele C. Guerrini

© 2006 by Richmond Publishing4 Kings Street CloistersAlbion PlaceLondon W6 0QT

© 2006 by Santillana Educación, S.L. Torrelaguna, 60, 28043 Madrid

Richmond Publishing is an imprint of Santillana Educación, S.L.

CP: 886992Depósito legal:

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrie- val system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission in writing of the publisher.

Worksheet

1 ReinforcementName Date

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In nature there are living things and non-living things. Living things depend on three basic life processes: nutrition, sensitivity and r epr oduction .Living things are made up of cells.

1. Match the two columns.

ReproductionIngest food substances, transform them for their utilisation and eliminate waste.

Nutrition

Sensitivity

Perceive what is happening around them and respond to what they perceive.

Create offspring similar to themselves.

2. Label the parts of the plant cell.

nucleus cytoplasm membrane wall

3. True or False? Write T or F.

A cell is the smallest unit which makes up living and non-living

things. Cells have three parts: membrane, nucleus and plasma.

Cells group together to form tissues.

Living things made up of many cells are called unicellular.

■ Living things 3

4 ■ Classification of living things

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Living things are classified into large groups called kingdoms.The three principal kingdoms are the animal kingdom , the plant kingdom and the fungi kingdom .

1. Label the pictures: animal kingdom, plant kingdom or fungi kingdom.

2. Match the characteristics to the kingdom.

They make their own food.

They are anchored to the ground. Animals

They have a nervous system and sense organs.

Plants

They depend on other living things for food. Fungi

They move from one place to another.

■ Answer the questions.

• How are fungi and plants similar?

• How are fungi and animals similar?

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Remember

Plants can be classified into: non-flowering plants and flowering plants .

Non-flowering plants never produce flowers or seeds.They reproduce with spores. Examples are mosses and fer ns .

Flowering plants produce flowers and seeds to reproduce. They can be classified into angiosperms and gymnosper ms .

1. Complete the word map.

Plants

non-f p f p

m f a g

2. Complete the sentences.

stems spores fruit cones

gymnosperms angiosperms

• are special cells which germinate and create a new plant

in the right conditions.

• Ferns have thick underground and large leaves.

• Gymnosperm seeds are grouped together in .

• Angiosperm seeds develop inside the .

• are called deciduous plants. This is the most numerous plant group.

• Most are trees.

■ Plant classification 5

Worksheet


6 ■ Plant nutrition

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Plants make their own food in a process called photosynthesis.They need water, minerals, carbon dioxide and sunlight. Plants also breathe.

1. Label the drawing.

carbon dioxide•

xylem vessels •

•raw sap

water and minerals

•


water food minerals oxygen sunlight

Photosynthesis

plant leaf

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Remember

Plants use sexual reproduction or asexual reproduction to reproduce.

• Sexual reproduction uses flowers and seeds. There are three stages:pollination, seed formation and fruit formation.

• Asexual reproduction uses other plant parts like tubers, bulbs or stolons.

1. Label the parts of the flower.

ovary sepal petal stamens ovules

•

•••

•

2. Order the stages of plant reproduction. Write 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.

The flower changes into a fruit.

Pollination takes place.

Pollen forms on the stamen.

The seeds germinate.

Seeds form inside the fruit.


Bulbs are horizontal stems which develop roots and create new plants when a node touches the ground.

Stolons are thick subterranean stems which store many nutritive substances.

Tubers are horizontal, subterranean stems.

■ Plant reproduction 7

Worksheet


8 ■ Invertebrates

Worksheet


Worksheet


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Remember

Fish live in water, have skin covered with scales, breathe through gills and are oviparous.

Amphibian s live in water when they are born and on land when they are adults. They develop lungs, are oviparous, and their skin has no protective covering.

Reptiles have skin covered with hard scales, breathe through lungs and lay eggs on land.

Birds have skin covered with feathers, have wings, breathe through lungs and lay eggs on land.

1. Identify the invertebrate groups.

birds fish reptiles amphibians

• They live in water and breathe through gills.

• They are born in water and their skin has no protective covering.

• They have scales and breathe through lungs.

• They lay eggs on land and have wings.

2. Complete the table. Tick ✓ the boxes.

Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds

Oviparous ✓

Lungs

Gills

Scales ✓

3. What do fish, amphibians, reptiles and birds have in common? Tick ✓.

They are invertebrates. They breathe through gills. They have legs.

They have scales. They are oviparous. They swim.

They have feathers. They breathe through lungs. They are vertebrates.

10 ■ Vertebrates: fish, amphibians, reptiles and birds

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Mammal characteristics: most have four limbs; a body covered with hair or fur;they breathe air through lungs; the young develop inside the female’s body and feed on the mother’s milk; they are warm-blooded.

The principal mammal groups are: marsupials, primates, r uminants , carnivores, bats, cetaceans, rodents and insect eaters .

1. Tick ✓ the words which describe mammals.

animal

vertebrate

hair

legs

lungs

viviparous

terrestrial

carnivore

2. Label the pictures with the mammal group each animal belongs to.

r p r

c b c

3. Use the words to identify the animal described.

bats cetaceans primates insect eaters

• They have eyes on the front of the head.

• They are the only mammals which fly.

• They have no hind limbs.

• They have many small, sharp teeth.

■ Vertebrates: mammals 11

Worksheet


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Remember

Everything in the universe is made up of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms.

Matter can be classified into: pure substances , which are made of only one kind of element or compound, or mixtures, which are made of several pure substances.

Matter has general properties like mass and volume, and characteristic properties like density.

1. Identify and write pure substance or mixture.

• bread

• flour

• water

• granite

■ What is the difference between pure substances and mixtures? Explain.

2. Use the words to describe a homogeneous and a heterogeneous mixture.Rememberthat individual components cannot be distinguished in homogeneous mixtures, but in heterogeneous mixtures they can.

marbles flour milk sugar cocoa water

Homogeneous mixture

Heterogeneous mixture

3. Match each property of matter with the correct definition.

Mass per unit volume. Volume

The amount of matter in an object. Density

The amount of space an object occupies. Mass

Worksheet


■ Matter and its properties 15

Worksheet


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Matter can undergo chemical changes like oxidation, combustion and putrefaction, and physical changes like fragmentation, expansion, movement, contraction, as well as changes of state.

When matter changes from one state to another, a change of state occurs. There are six types of changes: melting, solidification, boiling, evaporation, condensation and sublimation.

1. Identify the change of matter taking place.

• A substance changes when it burns. c

• An object changes position. m

• An object gets bigger when the temperature rises. e

• A substance changes when it reacts with oxygen. o

• An object gets smaller when it is cooled. c

• An organic substance changes when it decomposes. p

■ Now classify the changes.

Physical changes

Chemical changes

2. Identify and write the change of state taking place.

b m c

16 ■ Changes in matter and changes of state

Worksheet


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The atmosphere is the layer of air which surrounds the Earth. It is made upof various layers. The troposphere is the lowest layer. Plants and animals can only live here, and weather phenomena occur here.

The hydrosphere is all the water on the planet.

The water cycle is the constant circulation of water on the Earth.

1. Complete the text.

stratosphere air ozone troposphere atmosphere oxygen

The is the layer of air which surrounds the Earth.

is a mixture of gases, but it is mostly nitrogen and .

The atmosphere is made up of various layers. The lowest layer is the ; the only layer where plants and animals can live. Weather phenomena occur here. The next layer is the . The upper part of this layer contains an area with

a high concentration of ozone, called the layer.

2. Label the stagesof the water cycle.

evaporation

condensation

solidification

melting

■ The atmosphere and the hydrosphere 17

Worksheet


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The geosphere is the solid part of the Earth. It has three layers: crust, mantle and cor e .

Rocks are natural materials which make up the Earth’s crust. Rocks are made of minerals. Rocks can be classified into three types, depending on how they are formed: sedimentary, igneous or metamorphic.

1. Label the parts of the geosphere.

m

•

••

c

c

2. Tick ✓ the correct answer.

• The geosphere …

… is the part of the Earth which is under the oceans.

… is the solid part of the Earth.

• Rocks are …

… solid materials which make up the Earth’s crust and mantle.

… natural materials which make up the Earth’s crust.

• Minerals are …

… pure substances which make up rocks.

… very hard rocks.

• Depending on how they are formed, rocks can be …

… minerals.

… sedimentary, igneous or metamorphic.

18 ■ The geosphere

Worksheet


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Remember

The surface of the Earth changes continuously. Some changes originate internally, such as volcanoes and earthquakes.Other changes originate externally as a result of erosion, transport and deposition or sedimentation.

1. Write the correct word. Then use the words to label the drawing.

• Very hot liquid rock. l

• An area around the crater where materials v accumulate.

• A circular opening at the top of the volcano. c

• A vent through which the magma goes up. v

•

•

••


Erosion Movement of eroded material.

Transport The processes which leave eroded materials in other places.

Deposition and sedimentation

Removal of soil and rock material by wind, water or ice.

■ Changes in the surface of the Earth 19

Worksheet


20 ■ Landscapes

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Remember

All the different features of the surface of the Earth make up the landscapes.

Mountain landscapes include mountains and valleys.

Plains are large areas of flat land with no hills or slopes. They include plateaus, depressions, and coastal plains.

1. Look at the drawing. Match the two columns.

mountainmountain range

valley

mountain chain

hill

plateau

plains

depression

mountain •valley •

mountain range • mountain chain •

plateau • depression •

plains •hill •

• very low mountains

• low areas between mountains

• large areas of flat land

• several mountains grouped together

• plains which are lower than the surrounding land

• raised part of the surface of the Earth

• a long line of mountains

• plains with a very high altitude

■ Explain the difference between plains and mountains.

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The coast is the area where the land meets the sea. Coastal plains arelow-lying coasts and often have long, sandy beaches. Mountainous or very elevated coasts are called high coasts . They usually have rocky cliffs and coves.

Some coastal landforms are: capes, gulfs, peninsulas, islands, marshes and estuaries.

1. Look at the drawing.

cape gulf

estuary

bay

island

archipelago

isthmus

peninsula lagoonmarsh

■ Use coastal landforms to complete the sentences.

• An e is a tidal opening where part of a river meets the sea.

• A g is a place where the sea extends into the land.

• A p is a piece of land almost completely surrounded by water.

• A m is a wetland which forms near the mouth of a river.

• A i is a piece of land completely surrounded by water.

■ Coastal landscapes 21

Worksheet


22 ■ Rivers

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Rivers are moving bodies of water. They originate in the mountains and flowinto the sea, a lake or another river. We can distinguish three elements in a river:

The course is the route a river takes from its source to the mouth.

The flow is the amount of water a river carries.

The flow regime is the flow pattern of a river during the year.


Flow The flow pattern of a river during the year.

Flow regime A moving body of water.

Curso The amount of water that a river carries.

Río The route a river takes from its source to the mouth.

2. Complete and label the three courses of a river.

u c

The river is narrow and the water moves swiftly.

l c

The river is wider and the water moves very slowly.

m c

The river is wide and the water flows slowly.

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Rivers that flow into the same sea belong to the same watershed.

The rivers in Spain belong to three watersheds: the Cantabrian,the Mediterranean and the Atlantic.

1. Look at the map. Write the name of one river in each watershed.

B a y o f B i s c a y F R A N C E

A N D O R R A The Cantabrian watershed▼

A

RU B a l e a r i c

I s l a n d s

The Mediterranean watershed▼

ATLANTIC

OCEAN

ATLANTIC OCEANC a n a r y I s l a n d s

Ceuta

MelillaWATERSHEDS

Cantabrian Mediterranean

Atlantic

SCALE 127

Kilometres The Atlantic watershed▼


Cantabrian Mediterranean Atlantic

• The rivers in the watershed are short and have irregular flow regimes, except for the Ebro.

• The rivers in the watershed have abundant flow and regular flow regimes like the Mino and Duero.

• The rivers in the watershed are short, swift rivers with regular flow regimes and abundant flow like the Nalon.

■ The watersheds of Spain 23

Worksheet


30 ■ Prehistory

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Prehistory extends from the time the first human beings appeared up to the invention of writing. It can be divided into two periods:

The Stone Age gets its name from the stone used to make simple tools. This period can be divided into the Palaeolithic and the Neolithic.

The Age of Metals gets its name from the metals used to make tools. In this period, people invented the plough and wheel, and also built the first cities.

1. Look at the pictures. Then complete the sentences.

A B

Stone arrowheads Bronze head

• Picture A is from the because

• Picture B is from the because


Prehistory

Age of Age of

P N

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31■ Antiquity

Worksheet


Remember

Antiquity is the first period of recorded history. On the Iberian Peninsula, Antiquity can be divided into two periods:

In pre-Roman times , the peninsula was inhabited by Iberian and Celtic tribes. Later came the colonising civilisations: Phoenicians, Greeks and Car thaginians .

Roman times began more than two thousand years ago when the Romans conquered the peninsula after defeating the Carthaginians.

1. Order the arrival of the civilisations on the peninsula. Write 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.

Phoenicians

Romans

Greeks

Iberians and Celts

Carthaginians

2. Look at the map. What does it represent?Tick ✓ the correct answer.

GALLAETIA

TARRACONENSIS

The Roman provinces of Hispania.

Prehistoric archaeological sites.

LUSITANIACARTAGINENSIS

The first inhabitants.

Roman roads.

BAETICA

■ Write the names of the Roman provinces in Hispania.

Worksheet


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In 409, different Germanic tribes invaded Roman Hispania. The V andals , Alans and Suevi arrived first. The V isigoths came later.

The V isigoths ruled over the entire peninsula. T oledo was the capital of their kingdom.

The Visigoth kings unified religion and laws throughout the peninsula.

1. True or False? Write T or F.

In 409 Germanic tribes invaded Hispania. The Visigoths unified the peninsula.

Toledo was the capital of the Visigoth kingdom. The Germanic tribes were Romans.

2. Complete the table.

They came from …

They invaded Hispania in the year …

They came after the …

The Visigoths

3. Tick the correct answer.

• Who were the Visigoths?

The Visigoths were a Germanic tribe from central Europe who settled on the peninsula.

The Visigoths were allies of the Romans.

• Which Visigoth king unified the laws?

Reccared

Recceswinth

• What language and religion did the Visigoths adopt?

Latin and Christianity Greek and Islam

• Where did the Visigoths live?

In cities. In villages.

32 ■ The Visigoths

Worksheet


33■ Al Andalus and the first Christian kingdoms

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In 711 a small force of Muslims invaded the Iberian Peninsula. Al Andalus was the name Muslims gave to the land they conquered.

Around the year 100, Al Andalus broke up into small independent kingdoms called taifas.

The Christians remained in the north of the peninsula. In 1230 the Christian territory was divided into four large kingdoms:the Kingdom of Navarre, the Crown of Aragon, the Crown of Castile and Portugal.

In 1492, the Catholic Monarchs conquered Granada, the last taifakingdom.

1. When did these events occur? Write the year.

• A force of Muslims invaded the peninsula.

• Al Andalus was divided into taifas.

• The Catholic Monarchs conquered the Kingdom of Granada.

• The Christian territories were divided into four large kingdoms.


caliph king mosque Romanesque

• A Muslim temple is called a .

• The maximum authority of Al Andalus was a .

• At the beginning of the Middle Ages, Christians used an artistic style called

.

• The maximum authority of the Christians was a .

3. What were taifas? Explain

websiteshttp://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/space/solar-system/earth.htmlhttp://www.topmarks.co.uk/Interactive.aspx?cat=68http://www.topmarks.co.uk/Interactive.aspx?cat=96http://www.globalclassroom.org/2005/inservice/science.htmlhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/scienceclips/index_flash.shtmlhttp://www.xtec.es/~ealonso/flash/mapasflash.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/learn/medieval/history/highmiddle/reconquista.htmhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/learning/primary/geography/

http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/learning/primary/geography/

http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/medieval/history/highmiddle/reconquista.htm

http://www.xtec.es/~ealonso/flash/mapasflash.htm

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/scienceclips/index_flash.shtml

http://www.globalclassroom.org/2005/inservice/science.html

http://www.topmarks.co.uk/Interactive.aspx?cat=96

http://www.topmarks.co.uk/Interactive.aspx?cat=68

http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/space/solar-system/earth.html

Summer Reinforcement

Documents

extension reinforcement

population of spain

extension worksheetsworksheet

nonliving things

imprint of santillana

santillanathe reinforcement

contemporary spain

watersheds of spain