Summer Institute 2012: A Roadway Wind/Solar Hybrid Power Generation and Distribution System

• 1. A Roadway Wind/Solar Hybrid PowerGeneration and Distribution System: towards energy-plus roadways Mo Zhao Academic Advisor: Dr. Anuj Sharma University of Nebraska-Lincoln

2. Transportation Energy Consumption Transportation sector consumes about 28% of total energyconsumed by all sectors in the United States. 378 million gallons of gasoline are consumed in U.S. everyday. In U.S., only 3% of energy consumed in transportation sectoris from renewable energy source. Transportation sector consumes more than 600 million kWhelectric powers every month in 2010. Sources: Energy Information Administration (EIA), Washington, DC. 3. Transportation Energy ConsumptionIn the city of Lincoln 418 signalized intersections under its jurisdiction. The totalelectricity consumption at these intersections is nearly92,500 kWh per month. Electricity expenditure is 5% of the citys traffic operatingbudget. The electricity price charged by local utility, LES, usuallychanges once per year. The annual inflation rate for utility prices in Lincoln is around2.5 to 3%. This utility price can inflate by as much as 17% ifthe Cap and Trade gets approved for the US. 4. Green Transportation Green vehicles 1 million electric vehicles on the road in the U.S. by2015. Green fuels Reduce the carbon content of the fuels by 15% belowthe 2005 level by 2030. Intelligent transportation system public transit As traffic engineers, optimize traffic operation 5. Innovative concept : To use the public right-of-way and roadwayinfrastructure as a source for energy production, storage, and distribution. 6. RHPS: Towards Energy-Plus Roadways The Roadway Wind/Solar Hybrid Power Generation andDistribution System (RHPS)can be installed on thetransportation infrastructure along the roadways. Electrical power consumed by traffic control systemsand others on roadway systems can be offset byinstalling enough RHPS units at feasible locations withrelatively good wind and solar resource. It will significantly reduce transportation operation costand reduce CO2 emission from producing electricityusing clean energy source instead of fossil fuel. 7. RHPS: Towards Energy-Plus Roadways Average US household consumes approx. 1000 KWH of powerper monthAverage intersection consumes approx. 220 KWH of powerper monthEnergy saving by 300,000 signalized intersections in U.S.powered by on-site-generated renewable energy= residential electricity for about 66,000 households. 8. Test Site1 Bergey XL 1.0 KW2 Solar panel: 420W4 6-V 305-Ah batteries84th and Hwy 2, Lincoln 9. Test SiteBattery Bank controllermeters 10. Data collection 11. Data at test site Monthly energy consumption is about 275 kWh at 84th &Hwy2 wind energy supplys nearly 30% The batteries are designed to support full operations atthe traffic signal for 5 to 6 hours at 50% batterydischarging level. 12. Improve Traffic Network Reliability In the City of Lincoln, 2674 power failures happened inthe service area of local utility agent Lincoln ElectricitySystems, during Jan1 2006 to Dec 7, 2010. Many of these power failures were caused by stormsand other inclement weather. In case of a power outage, the operations at asignalized intersection are reverted back to all-way-stopcontrol, which can significantly degrade the operations. 13. Improve Traffic Network Reliability In New York City on August 14, 2003, due to the Northeast Blackout, approximately 11,600 signalized intersections and 413 train sets operating throughout the New York City subway system lost power, stranding over 400,000 customers.59th Street Bridge, New York City, during August 2003 electrical blackout.(Source: FHWA Final Report DOT-VNTSC-FHWA-04-04) 14. Improve Traffic Network Reliability The RHPS system wont be affected by the grid powerfailure. It would improve the stability and reliability of trafficcontrol system by providing with certain storagecapacity. Power backup systemUninterruptable power supply(UPS) and battery banksupply: full operation: 5-6 hours; flashing: 8-10 hours; during grid power failure or fluctuation Significantly reduce traffic delay during power outage 15. Case study at test site 16. Traffic Network Power Outage StudyStudied intersections in Kearney, NE 17. Traffic Network Power Outage Study Power outage occurrence time distribution at some studied intersections 18. RHPS Design Optimization Power backup systems can provide alternative power sourcefor traffic control signals. The policy makers, with limited budgets and unlimiteddemands, need a tool to choose signalized intersections thatcan be provided with backup power. A decision support tool to determine the optimal location andcapacity of backup power in a city-wide or a smaller trafficnetwork. The tool will also assess if the backup system can beeconomically augmented using renewable energy sourcessuch as a wind turbine and solar panels. 19. Other Projects on Transportation Infrastructure solar/wind hybrid powered street light installed in Minnesota a 130 watts solar panel, a 400 watts wind turbine Cost: $4,600 Solar/wind hybrid generator along with sufficient battery storage provide a reliable power source for rural ITS applications 20. Other Projects on Transportation Infrastructure Solar powered parking lots5,000 photovoltaic panelsProduction:more than 1000 megawatts per year =energy to power 114 householdsReduced CO2 emission:1,900,000 pounds= annual emissions from 158 cars.solar parking lot in Bordentown, NJ 21. Other Projects on Transportation Infrastructure Oregon solar highwayGround-mounted PV array was installed at the interchange of I-5 and I-205Cost: $1,280,000Annual Electricity production: 112,000 kilowatt-hours 22. Concepts of Use Renewable Energy inTransportation The Solar Roadways: replace all existing transportationinfrastructure like roads, parking, etc., with Solar RoadPanels that collect energy and provide sensor data3 layers of road solar panels:Road surface layer made oftranslucent glass which is able toprovide strength and traction yetpass sunlight,Electronic layer collects powerfrom sensor and host somecircuitry,Base plate layer is for power anddata distribution. 23. Questions? Thank You!