Summary of Instruments

8/12/2019 Summary of Instruments

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Instrument s for access cavity

preparationHand pieces


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preparationBurs


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preparation


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preparation


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preparationName

Burs

Functionseveral types of burs will be used to accomplishgood access preparation Fissure burs are used inthe initial stage of access preparation to establishthe correct outline form ,Round burs are used tolift the roof of the pulp chamber and eliminateoverhanging dentine,Tapered Non end-cutting bur isused to 'lift lid' of pulp chamber and refine cavity

.


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preparationFront surface mirror


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preparationName

Front surface mirror

Function

is best suited for visibility deep within

the pulp chamber.


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preparationroot canal explorer


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preparationName

probe/root canal explorer

Function

Used to probe and detect canal openings

within the pulp chamber


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Extirpation Instrumentendodontic spoon excavator


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preparationName

Endo excavator

Function"larger than conventional excavator" itsshape allows curettage of the pulp chamber

when conventional one will not reach thefloor of the chamber, and used as surgicalaid to excavate periapical lesion.


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Extirpation InstrumentBarbed broach


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Extirpation Instrument

The braded broach comes in different sizes, and theselection of suitable size is very important, it should

fit loosely inside the canal, when braded broach size is

larger than the canal size, the hooks of B.B engaged in

the dentinal wall of the canal and stick there "Jammedbroach" and with drawing it becomes difficult and

might fracture inside the canal, if the dentist faced by

Jammed broach, the broach should be removed

vertically without twisting. The B.B must only be

used in the straight part of the canal, and insertion of

the broach (not exceed 2\3) of the canal length of the

ideal way to use it is


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ISO standardization


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ISO standardizationBefore a standardized configuration was adopted, endodonticinstrument varied greatly from one manufacturer to

another. The configuration adopted is that set by theInternational Organization for Standardization (ISO), AllISO hand instruments, along with paper points, silverpoints and standardized gutta-percha points, conform tothis system. ISO standardized files have a cutting length of16 mm, have a specified diameter at the tip (termed D1) andincrease in diameter by 0.02 mm for each millimeter alongthe file, so that at the end of the cutting part (16 mm alongthe file) the diameter (termed D2) is 0.32 mm greater than

at D1. This is called an .02 taper. Files may vary in length,any extra length is provided by a blank portion. Thenominal size of the instrument is based on the diameter ofits tip (the diameter at D1) expressed in hundredths of a

millimeter. Thus an ISO size 50 file will have a tip diameterof 0. 0 mm.


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ISO standardization also uses a color for each size,

as shown below:Color Nominal Size

Pink 06

Grey 08

Purple 10White 15 45 90

Yellow 20 50 100

Red 25 55 110

Blue 30 60 120Green 35 70 130

Black 40 80 140

The amount of increase in diameter from one inst. to the next is 0.05 mm

in inst. from size 10

60, and 0.1 mm in inst. from size 60

140.


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Instruments for root canal

preparationK- reamer


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preparationK-reamerinstruments can be manufactured by

twisting a square or triangular blank bymachine . reamer used in shaping thecanalAction

o'clock wise quarter turn twist .

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preparationK- file


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preparationK- file

instruments can be manufactured by twisting a squareor triangular blank by machine the blank is twisted

into a tighter series of spiral than reamer also K- fileare more flexible than reamer .

K -Files with a triangular cross-section tend to havesuperior cutting characteristics and are more flexible,

and hence less likely to transport the canal duringpreparation. .

Action

o'clock wise half

turn twist ..


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preparationK-Flex filesare produced from a blank that is rhomboid incross-section; this forms both cutting and non-cutting edges. The files are more flexible than anequivalent-sized K-file .

Action

o'clock wise half turn twist .

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preparationFlexofilehave a triangular cross-section and are manufactured

from flexible stainless steel. Flexofiles are more efficient at cutting and

removing dentine than an equivalent K-file, because the blade has asharper angle and there is more room for debris. The tip of the

file is non-cutting. This is an advantage when preparing curved canals, asthe file is guided along the canal curvature, avoiding excessive

cutting into the outer curve of the root canal or transportation. Any

flexible, triangular cross-sectioned file, such as a Flexofile, can beused with the balanced force actionAction

o'clock wise half turn twist ..


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preparationHedstom file

are machined from a tapered cylindrical block. In cross-section they have the appearance of a series of intersectingcones. Hedstroem files are highly efficient at removingdentine on the outstroke when used in a filing motion, buthave poor fracture resistance in rotation

Action

withdrawal stroke ..


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NiTi (Nickel titanium) rotary

instrumentsThese files are used to flare the coronal aspect of the root

canal. Although they are manufactured from nickel-titanium

the files are relatively inflexible, as the cross-sectional

diameter is larger than that of a standard file (ISO). The use

of these instruments is therefore best restricted to the

relatively straight parts of the root canal to avoid strip

perforation. It is recommended that they are used in a handpiece driven by an electric motor at 150-300 rpm


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Gates-Glidden drills

Small flame-shaped cutting instrument used in theconventional hand piece Different sizes coded by rings orcolored bands on shank Are slightly flexible and will follow

the canal shape but can perforate the canal if used too deeply

functions :

Preparing the coronal two thirds of molars canals.

Removing gutta-percha from the canal during post spacepreparation or during retreatment.

Widen the canal when an instrument has fractured within it.


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preparationName

Disposable irrigating syringe and disposable needle

Function, features and precaution

Used with an irrigant to clean and disinfect thecanal during endodontic treatment

A blunt needle with side exiting delivery willreduce the risk of the needle binding

within the canal


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preparationName

Absorbent paper points

Functions

To absorb any moisture in the canal

(i.e. blood, pus and saliva) To carry medicaments into the canal


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Instruments for root canal FillingName

Gutta percha points

Function and features

Non-soluble, non-irritant points that are condensedinto the pulp chamber during obturation

Standardized type: follows same ISO classification asendodontic files

Non-standardized: have a greater taper than the

standard ISO type


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Instruments for root canal FillingFinger spreader


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Instruments for root canal Fillingspreader


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Instruments for root canal Filling

Name

Finger spreader

Function, features and precaution Finger instrument with a smooth,pointed, tapered working end

Used to condense gutta percha laterallyinto the canal during obturation


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Instruments for root canal FillingHand Plugger


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Instruments for root canal FillingFinger Plugger


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Instruments for root canal FillingPlugger


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Instruments for root canal FillingName

Endodontic plugger

Function

Working end is flat to facilitate plugging or

condensing the gutta percha vertically afterthe excess has been removed by melting offwith a heated instrument


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Instruments for root canal FillingLentulo spiral Drill


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the endodontic ruler


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the endodontic ruler


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the endodontic rulerFunction

Special endodontic rulers are available formeasuring the length of finger instruments


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Endo locking tweezers


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Endo locking tweezersEndo locking pliers or (endo locking tweezers):

it has lock "latch" that permits materials to be heldwithout continuous finger pressure, it has a groove atthe tip, the grooved tip facilitate holding absorbentpoints and gutta percha cones.


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Electronic Apex Locators

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Electronic Apex Locators

51

Name

Apex locator

Functions

An electronic instrument used to determine

the distance to the apical foramen

The screen allows the operator to visualizethe file movement during instrumentation


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Electric pulp tester

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Name


Function and directions for use

Used to test the vitality of a tooth using electric stimulus

Electric stimulus is increased in small increments until thepatient can feel the stimulus

Toothpaste or prophy paste is used to conduct the currentfrom the pulp tester to the tooth


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Loupes


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operating microscope


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Loupes& operating microscopeIllumination and magnification are vital for

the location of root canals. The endodontist would use asurgical microscope while a general dental practitionermight have loupes and a headlight that give excellentmagnification and illumination .


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Thank you

Summary of Instruments

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