Indonesia National Workshop on Sustainable Development Goals Kuta, Bali Monday, 28th May – Tuesday, 29th May Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................. 2 Detailed Summary ‐ Day One – 28th May .............................................................................................. 5 Opening Session .................................................................................................................................. 5 Session 1: The Changing Context – Challenges to Planet Earth .......................................................... 7 Session 2: A Successor to the MDGs – The Case for Sustainable Development Goals ..................... 10 Session 3: Challenges to economic growth, poverty alleviation and environmental sustainability at the National and Local Levels – the Indonesian context ................................................................... 13 Detailed Summary ‐ Day Two – 29th May ............................................................................................ 15 Opening Session ................................................................................................................................ 15 Session 4: Sustainable Development Goals – A historical Perspective ............................................. 17 Session 5: Strategies to Implement a Sustainable Development Agenda ........................................ 19 Session 6: Strategy for Indonesia’s Engagement on SDGs ................................................................ 22 Closing Remarks ................................................................................................................................ 25
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Indonesia National Workshop on Sustainable Development Goals Kuta, Bali
Ms. Paula Caballero, Colombian foreign ministry official for social, economic and environmental
affairs:
1. SDGs must learn from MDGs past experience and reflect the realities and priorities within the
national context in order to guide the policy and decision making of country leaders. In its function,
the Colombian government believes that SDGs should be able to identify the gaps of development
and focus mostly on implementation and concrete action such as institutional empowerment,
capacity building, enhancing new technology which would lead countries to solve the development
issue such as water scarcity, land management, food security among many issues. In this respect, Ms.
Caballero also mentioned that Colombia decided on supporting Sustainable Development Goals as
there was a growing fear that Rio +20 would have no real impact.
2. What is crucial to Colombia’s concept of SDGs is, that they are universal in their outlook – in
contrast to MDGs which focussed on achieving goals in the developing world only.
1. Even though responsibilities are differentiated, SDGs could bring a universal shared
vision of working together – encompassing on all countries
2. Focusing on key issues, such as settlements and sanitation which represent the three
dimensions of sustainable development
3. SDGs are really about implementation with Millennium Declaration, Agenda 21 and
JPOI serving as foundation
3. SDGs are about creating a matrix but they also about going beyond the matrix. The discussion on
SDGs is indeed complex and therefore, the Rio+20 process is complex as there are many activities,
consultations and decisions that need to be made at national, regional and global levels. The
Colombian government considers that there is an urge to prioritize emerging development themes
and issues that are considered critical and paramount elements to move forward, which are inspired
by Agenda 21. Those issues are; (i) combating poverty, (ii) changing consumption patterns, (iii)
promoting sustainable human settlement, (iv) Biodiversity and Forests , (v) oceans, (vi) water
resources, (vii) advancing food security and (viii) energy including from renewable resources such as
biofuel.
4. Poverty reduction cannot be achieved through a keyhole‐vision! Consequently, SDGs are about
poverty reduction but also about so much more than poverty reduction.
5. The main expectation of Rio +20 is to „stop negotiating and start working“. In this way, Rio should
ideally give the political support to SDGs so that the technical process on developing concrete key
issues, goals and indicators could start. These would then again have to be accepted through a
political process.
6. Regarding natural capital, as a response to Gaborone Declaration by Africa leaders, the natural
capital issue should be translated into natural asset management and link it to how it would provide
real contribution to people livelihood.
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7. While this may not be directly applicable to Indonesia, given the different context, Colombia has
made good experiences with developing sustainable development goals on the national level. The
country also set up a ministry for Environment and Sustainable Development.
Dr. Makarim Wibisono, Executive Director of ASEAN Foundation:
1. As MDGs were addressing pressing problems at that time, sustainable development is the
challenge of our time so the process should be building upon the MDGs but giving more weight on
equality and the environment in order to achieve better balance.
2. National ownership rather than sectoral ownership is needed as looking at other countries shows
that some have sustainable development councils and are faring well with it. All agencies should be
involved in developing sustainable development goals for Indonesia
3. Further, water, food security, and health issues became more pressing concerns in recent years, highlighting the dependence on natural resources and the need to manage them wisely. Therefore, these new complex areas need to be included in any future resolution. Facing complexities, cooperation between countries also becomes more important.
4. For Indonesia as a country, Rio +20 is also important with a view towards the President’s role as co‐panelist for future development goals.
5. The main focus of Rio +20 will be the green economy. Such an economy can function by (a) incorporating social concerns at all cost in the sustainability of life and market value, (b) mapping both on short term and long term targets and achievements, (c) expanding the human development index by designing a Sustainable Development Index. There is a need to create a sustainable development goal, but to be able to reach this goal, we also need to focus on the denominator and to bringing goals together by way of a new economy model, which is the Green Economy.
6. Human Rights are of high importance in this context. Problems of land degradation and land conflict are essentially part of a broader human rights take on the natural environment. As a suggestion, it is important to create a forum where all countries could provide a report of their achievements and to create a new commitment for the international framework regarding the said issue.
7. In sum, one should be optimistic but not too optimistic, as “achieving something in the UN system is like the mating of elephants […] and nothing happens for 22 months” (paraphrased, Pamela S. Chassek)
1. When taking a closer look at the process of formulating and implementing SDGs, four issues need to be addressed: a good mix of goals and key issues addressed measurable indicators, excellent coordination and the involvement of all stakeholders.
2. Sustainable development is not about three pillars but about dimensions to differefent challenges – one can hide behind pillars but not dimensions.
3. Key issues to be tackled include water management and effective cooperation between and within states.
Mr. Abdon Nababan, Head of AMAN:
1. AMAN, as one of the organizations representing indigenous people in Indonesia employs a broad
definition of what constitutes indigenous or traditional communities, that goes beyond the notion of
blood, commonly refered to by governments. Indigenous people should also be perceived through
their relation to the land they live on and use, sovereignty over land and their unique governance
system(s). These varying definitions have affected the data on the number of indigenous people in
Indonesia, which based on AMAN reaches up to 32 % of Indonesia‘s population.
2. Indigenous people living in Indonesia today face several problems. Main disadvantages relate to:
economic marganilzation, ecological degradation and increasing human rights violation.
3. Regarding the concept of sustainable development, the example of indigenous people living in
West Kalimantan can serve to illustrate how traditional communities have lived sustainably even
before the concept was introduced. Dayak in this area manage their natural resources sustainably
and territory is allocated based on the functions and services it provides .
4. These systems are relatively complicated and complex since they are intertwined with cultural
background and the tribal ancestral systems. It is important to note that there is not the indigenous
resource management practice as communities and their traditions and lastly the environments they
live in are diverse.
5. Past positive experiences of indigenous people working together with the government of
Indonesia show, that a lot for sustainable development can be done in this way. In this vein,
communities could support the government by providing maps. Community mapping documents the
sustainable ways in which indigenous communities use ancestrol land while this exercise also
supports the government in their spatial planning systems and activities.
6. With respect to Rio, there are five issues that Indonesia should bring to the table:
6. UN declaration of Rights of Indigenous Peoples should be the key document
7. Cultural pillar should be put as a fourth pillar to existing sustainable development pillars
8. Protection and respect of the right of indigenous people to access and use their lands;
investing in land rights is precondition to investing in sustainable development
9. Recognition of the contributions from traditional knowledge
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10. Green Economy should support indigenous peoples holistic framework
Mr. Raldi Koestoer, Coordinating Ministry for Economic Affairs:
1. Green Economics is the theory of economics by which an economy is considered to be the
component of the ecosystem in which it resides: renewable energy, green buildings, and land
management are key areas to be addressed. A green economy drives sustainable growth while
valuing natural capital and provides for food, water, climate and resource security. The Green
Economy also constitutes of waste management, clean transportation and water management.
2. When establishing a green economy nationally, we need to consider building low carbon
economies in all sectors and industries; facilitating a shift to renewables and energy efficiency
economies, sustainability development, strengthening Public Services and enhancing local capacity;
as well as socio‐economic welfare as the first priority.
3. In addition, the Green Economy can also be a potential instrument in reducing the emissions of
greenhouse gases. This has been regulated by the Presidential Regulation, no. 61 2011, which
mandates mitigation actions focused on: a) Agriculture, b) forestry and Peat land management, c)
Energy and Transport, d) Industry, e) Waste management, f) other supporting activities.
4. There is a need for a greener MP3EI. This is can be seen when assessing corridors – such as
corridor three (Kalimantan) which has a focus on extractive resources and energy export through
prioritizing mining and palm oil. Here it is evident that the plan is not addressing real green or blue
development yet. At the same time some areas such as Kalimantan and Papua are most sensitive to
the adverse effects of a changing climate such as flooding. Thus, not only mitigation but also
adaptation concerns have to be integrated in economic planning.
5. In conclusion, there are four factors that need to be addressed when building a national green
economy:
1. Indonesia‘s Commitments to Green Developments referring to MP3EI and PP GRK (PP 61 & PP
71/2011) to be planned globally and implemented locally
2. Requiring the spatial distribution pattern of Connectivity development and of Gas Rumah Kaca
(GRK). This requirement needs to be implemented mostly in the vulnerable regions
3. The development priorities are based on Green (techno‐science) Economy concept aiming at
Pro Growth, Pro Poor, Pro Job and Pro Environment development pathways
4. To build a real partnership and capacity building (HRD, Institutional building, and collective
efforts among development actors & stake‐holders)
Mr. Heru Prasetyo, UKP4:
1. Recalling the presentation by Mr. Abdon Nababan, there is the need to consider the idea of land‐
based islands of perma‐economies such as represented by the Dayak communities already
implementing sustainable land and resource management. We need to start thinking about creating
such land‐based islands now for the sake of future generations and their options.
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2. In synergizing the three dimensions (economy, social and environment) we need to design a
National Agenda that addresses both spectrums; domestic public ( legislative, NGOs , private sectors)
and international agenda (multilateral, bilateral, multi‐bilateral).
3. At the same time, all implementation efforts also need to reach the sub‐national and the sub‐sub‐
national level: from the sky to the land to the peat‐lands.
4. Drawing on the historical path of the REDD+ Task Force indicates, how a national SDG process
could benefit by going through the same stages as the current REDD+ process in Indonesia:
a. Preparation, by identifying and overcoming barriers, engaging stakeholders, identifying the missing capabilities in order to provide and build it, as well as action planning.
b. Transition, by conducting pilot studies and early activities through taking a position as pilot country for sustainable development and thus gain support from global communities, performing situational fitting on a country‐country or region‐region basis within country based on their unique contextual situation, and programme integration within the national agenda.
c. Implementation, through monitoring and benefit sharing as well as budget projecting.
5. A paradigm shift in economic thinking and the involvement of all stakeholders is crucial.
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Session6:StrategyforIndonesia’sEngagementonSDGs
Rear Admiral Willem Rampangilei, Deputy 1, Coordinating Ministry of People’s Welfare:
1. A common theme of this workshop was the importance of going beyond sectoral thinking and
conducting development planning using a holistic approach. But taking on a holistic approach is also
a challenge.
2. From the perspective of the Coordinating Ministry of People’s Welfare (Kemenko Kesra), it is
evident that environmental issues like biodiversity loss or extreme weather events impact people on
all levels and across sectors, but negative effects are felt especially by the poor.
3. However, several institutional and governance challenges exist if environmental problems are to
be addressed in a cross‐sectoral way and involving different levels of government – the national,
regional and local. Not only does each ministry have its own budgeting and systems, overlay between
central and local government competences exist and not everybody share the same understanding of
what a green (or blue) economy is.
4. As a conclusion, three steps are needed:
1. Master‐Plan grand design (even though it is questionable if having yet another master plan in
place will have a tangible impact as Master Plans are already abundant and there is no
guarantee for success)
2. Indonesia needs synchronization between ministries
3. A paradigm shift in economic development has to take place
Mr. Tazwin Hanif, first Serectary at Department of Foreign Affairs:
1. After having discussed the flesh of the future SDGs during the previous sessions,the remaining part
of the workshop should focus on discussing the bones: the process through which SDGs would need
to be designed and implemented.
2. It is vital to link the SDGs to the MDGs and focus on what still needs to be achieved. There was a
worry last year when the concept of SDGs was first put upon the agends, that MDGs might be
forgotten altogether. African countries were particularly worried that new SDGs might dilute from
the still ongoing MDG process. The Secretary General has reacted by emphasizing: „Let’s pick up
where the MDGs left of!“
3. Beyond the notion that the MDGs should be the basis for future SDGs and that especially MDG1
should still be key, there are also other concerns:
1. How can the SDGs and MDGs be linked in practice?
2. What should we (realistically) aim for in Rio?
3. What are the essentials for a post‐2015 agenda?
4. What is the scope for application of the SDG’s?
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4. Looking at theconcept note for SDGs brought forward by Colombia and Guatemala, it appears that
the focus on environment is still too heavy.
5. Several options exist regarding to the process: a) intergovernmental process, supported by ad hoc
expert group on regional representation, b) on the advisory panel (HLP established by the UN‐SG)
and the intergovernmental (process which is possible to happen in the long process); and c) regional
process to intergovernmental process
6. A Ministry of Foreign Affairs workshop in Yogyakarta had some interesting outcomes relevant to
the SDG discussion:
1. There seems to be a choice between a sectoral approach versus key issue approach versus
policy approach ‐> or could a mix be applied
2. Attention needs to be given to indigenous poverty
3. Attention also needs to be shifted to remote areas ‐> what are the specific challenges to
Indonesia?
Dr. William Sabandar, Satgas REDD+:
1. The main fronts for Indonesian leadership at the international level are REDD+ and the Coral
Triangle Initiative – both with a view towards poverty eradication.
2. Several steps need to be taken towards national sustainable development: greening the MP3EI,
ccontinuous work on national development problems with view to sustainable development for the
budget 2013 and choosing short term goals on which all partners (including international partners)
have to work: as an example, land reform.
3. With a view towards a global agenda and action plan, Indonesia needs to bear in mind to set the
tone in Rio + 20 correctly, creating momentum and rigid focus on concrete action. At the same time
Indonesia can also establish working groups on SDG frameworks by involving people and be inclusive
by engaging friends inside and outside the country as well as embracing international diplomacy by
utilizing all the networks we have (double track; formal and informal). In the end we need to affirm
the provision of political leadership.
4. With regards to mainstreaming sustainable development goals nationally and internationally, the
focus should be on concrete actions:
1. Institutionalizing sustainable development does not mean creating new institutions but
rather new laws and regulations
2. Address coherence between sectors and regions
3. GDP is not enough (maybe Bappenas’ “green GDP” can serve as new measure)
4. REDD+ key document to make international community aware of Indonesia’s role and efforts
5. International Diplomacy should support this agenda
6. Improving coherence between local and national development
7. Think Tank for the President to work on a post‐2015 Agenda to be established
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Mr. Satya Tripathi, Director of UN Office for REDD+ Coordination in Indonesia (UNORCID):
1. We need to highlight the importance of functional integration over structural integration in the
quest for an appropriate institutional framework for sustainable development. Instead of spending
too much time on what structure should be designed, functions should be defined first and form
built to deliver on these functions.
2. From an outsider’s perspective, Indonesia is poised to take a prominent role in designing
sustainable development goals to serve as a post‐2015 development framework as Indonesia has the
ability: both technical, political and intellectual
3. When talking about climate change and the related global and national agendas and discussion
points, one has to distinguish between science, policy and politics – and realize that the latter trumps
all.
4. In summary, Indonesia has the potential, motivation and commitment and the world is looking up
to President Yudhoyono to lead the discussion on the post‐2015 development agenda as the Co‐chair
of the High Level Panel of Eminent Persons on the Post‐2015 Development Agenda.
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ClosingRemarks
Dr. Pavan Sukhdev, GIST Advisory, Synthesis:
1. A degree of unlearning is required and we need to get away from the certain conceptions we have
or we believe to have.
2. Sustainable development is not about pillars behind which one could hide but about dimensions.
In realizing these dimensions, the focus has to be on function, not on form.
3. Looking back on the MDGs, we can learn from both the positive and negative aspects
4. Climate seems to have turned into a proxy for all matters environmental . While climaste change
indeed constitutes an important issue, environment needs to be repositioned. Ecological scarcities
have to be recognized as these directly affect livelihoods.
5. To tackle issues, we need to look at sectors, policies and institutions at the same time and address
them through a mix of options – the global community has to recognize this.
6. Islands of land‐based permanence should be encouraged in order for them to appeal to others so
that they might move in the same directions.
Rear Admiral Willem Rampangilei, Deputy 1, Coordinating Ministry of People’s Welfare:
1. There are several steps that should ideally be taken to inform Indonesia’s position in Rio+20. These
include but are not limited to:
1. Identification of few inspirational goals
2. Proposal of new matrix instead of HDI
3. Existence of robust indicators ‐> you cannot achieve what you cannot measure
4. Highlighting Common goals with differentiated pathways
5. The government will continue to engage all stakeholders
Ms. Beate Trankmann, UNDP Country Director: There are three lessons to take away from this workshop:
1. The recognition that the 21st century is the Asian century, but if Asia adopts an unsustainable path, one planet will not be enough
2. A new HDI should be identified
3. There is consensus among participants: enlightened leadership on the isssue seems to be missing globally, so this provides a great chance for Indonesia to lead the way.
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Mr. Heru Prasetyo, Deputy Head of UKP4:
1. The Rio Conference is important to civil society and people all over the world so that they can put
pressure on their governments and observe what really has been achieved.
2. There were at least two silent voices during this workshop, speaking loudly in the room
1. From civil society, considering what Rio might achieve for them
2. From the private sector, considering what they can contribute, both to Rio as well as for
sustainable development within Indonesia
3. In conclusion, from this sectoral Silo of the room, a strong commitment for a holistic approach was