Sultana z 20150708_1730_upmc_jussieu_-_room_101

Adoption as Adaptation! Long-term

consequences of cyclone disaster in

southwest coastal Bangladesh

Environmental Science Discipline,

Khulna University, Khulna-9208

Bangladesh

International Scientific Conference

Paris, France 7-10 July, 2015

Zakia Sultana

Coastal Research Foundation (CRF),

Shovna, Khulna

Bangladesh

Content

Background and questions

Methods applied

Results

Outlook

Disaster and poverty

Natural hazards & poverty is interlinked

• Mostly the developing countries are affected

• Mostly the coastal and rural areas (IPPC 2007, 2012)

Bangladesh ranked as 5th

Disaster and poverty

The frequency, magnitude, intensity and extension of disaster

are increasing due to climate change

Bangladesh currently ranks as one of the world’s foremost

disaster prone country (IPPC 2007, 2013)

Bangladesh is highly vulnerable

Cyclone affected areas in Bangladesh

Source:Mallick, 2014

Cyclone Aila 2009 affected

Source:Mallick, 2014

What were the problems?

A lot of, but

Longer period inundation (3 to 12 months)

Saline water intrusion

are important in context of this research

Changes livelihood pattern of the affected population

Objectives

• To assess livelihood strategies in the cyclone

Aila affected community

• To identify the pros and cons of previous and

existing practices/strategies as policy

formulation

Empirical methods

Atulia Union, Shyamnagor Upazila, Satkhira

Population: 37,065

Main occupation: Farming and day laborer

145 Household Surveys

12 FGDs

4 FGDs with farmers

4 FGDs with fishermen

4 FGDs with local people

KII participant number is 5

Changes in temperature

Temperature changes are visible in

last 25 years

BMD, Satkhira 2013

Changes in rainfall

y = -2.469x + 6671

R² = 0.005

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

To

tal

an

nu

al

rain

fall

l

Year

25 years trend of total annual rainfall in mili meter

Total annual rainfall

in milimeter

Linéaire (Total annual

rainfall in milimeter)

Rainfall changes are irregular in

last 25 years

BMD, Satkhira 2013

Did the participants perceive similar?

Adopted strategies in rice cultivation

Previous Present

Strategy Pros Cons Strategy Pros Cons

Ordinary rice

cultivation

•Does not harm

others’ crops

•Need

more time

Saline

tolerant

variety

cultivation

•Production is

more than ordinary

rice

•Need less time

•Need to

cultivate in the

definite time

Homestead cultivation at raised ground

Normal Raised


Homestead

vegetables

cultivation

•Need less labor •Lower

production

•Can be

damaged in

water logging

Vegetables

cultivation on

raised homestead

•Production more

•Become protected

from water logging

•Need

more labor

Single and integrated cultivation

Past Present


Only fish

cultivation

•Fish production •Found fish

only

Vegetables

cultivation

around shrimp

farms through

drip irrigation

•Low cost

•One can produce vegetables

and fish together

•Need less water for drip

irrigation

•Need

more

care

Drinking water management

Previous Present


Rain water

storage for few

days

•Does not contain

saline

•Not available at

all time

Rainwater

harvesting

•Can use for until 6

months to 1 year

•Does not contain

saline

•Everyone can’t

harvest rain

water

Drinking water management

Previous Present


Use of tube well

water

•Available and

near the house

•Contain saline

and iron

Use of Artificial

Aquifer Tube

well

•Water is more

pure than

normal tube

well

•Need 2-3 months to

clean

Housing construction

Previous Present


House made of

mud

•Less cost

•Less labor

•Causes life

risk during

cyclone

House made of

mud and the stick

of bamboo or

Goran

•More durable than

normal mud wall

•Less risk from the

wall made of only

mud

•Need extra

wood or bamboo

•Need to prepare

the mud

Housing construction

Previous Present


House

construction on

normal plinth

•Need no extra

mud

•During flood

and water

logging water

enters

Raising

homestead

plinth

•Safe from flood and

water logging

•Need extra mud

and labor

Shrimp farming

Previous Present


Normal shrimp

farming

•Earning

source

•Shrimp affects more

due to lack of

knowledge

Technology

based shrimp

farming

•Shrimps are

less affected

•Production

more

•Need to know about

parameters like pH,

temperature, DO

Cattle rearing

Previous Present


Cow rearing People get

•Milk,

•Cow dung

•Cows can’t survive

in the salty weather

Sheep and goat

rearing

•Need less food

and less place

•Profitable

•Need to cultivate

saline tolerant

grass

Pigeon rearing

Shrimp larvae collection

Strategy Pros Cons

Pigeon rearing •Affected less in cyclone

•Can feed themselves

•Profitable

•Sometimes pigeons

are lost

Strategy Pros Cons

Collection of

shrimp larvae

•Earning source •They destroy other

fish fries during larvae

collection

Old but new!

Strategy Pros Cons

Social forestry •Beneficiaries get 60% benefits

•Also get the wood and branches of the

trees

•Sometimes beneficiaries do not get

the benefits due to the involvement of

dishonest person.

Old but new!

Social forestry program

Trees like tan, sour and bitter fruit bearing trees

Findings

Temperature is rising more or less steadily, monsoon changing and rainfall pattern become irregular.

Cultivation of saline tolerant rice varieties increases the production of rice than the ordinary rice cultivation.

The mud walls made of Goran wood or bamboo is more durable than the normal mud walls according to the people.

Due to new technology based shrimp farming shrimp production is increased than before.

Sheep, goat and pigeon rearing are increasing instead of cow rearing.

Policy outlook

Integration of locally adopted strategies in future disaster

management

Acknowledge local acceptance in designing livelihood

options

Thanks for you patience, welcome to your feedback!