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Sulci (sulcus) – grooves on surface of cerebrum. 1) Sensory areas 2) Association areas 3) Motor areas Three kinds of cerebral functional area: Gyri.

Jan 02, 2016

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Spencer Bruce
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Page 1: Sulci (sulcus) – grooves on surface of cerebrum. 1) Sensory areas 2) Association areas 3) Motor areas Three kinds of cerebral functional area: Gyri.
Page 2: Sulci (sulcus) – grooves on surface of cerebrum. 1) Sensory areas 2) Association areas 3) Motor areas Three kinds of cerebral functional area: Gyri.
Page 3: Sulci (sulcus) – grooves on surface of cerebrum. 1) Sensory areas 2) Association areas 3) Motor areas Three kinds of cerebral functional area: Gyri.

• Sulci (sulcus) – grooves on surface of cerebrum.

1) Sensory areas

2) Association areas

3) Motor areas

Three kinds of cerebral functional area:

• Gyri (gyrus) – fold of brain tissue between sulci.

• Fissure - deep groove, separating hemispheres.

Page 4: Sulci (sulcus) – grooves on surface of cerebrum. 1) Sensory areas 2) Association areas 3) Motor areas Three kinds of cerebral functional area: Gyri.

Cerebral Lobes

Page 5: Sulci (sulcus) – grooves on surface of cerebrum. 1) Sensory areas 2) Association areas 3) Motor areas Three kinds of cerebral functional area: Gyri.
Page 6: Sulci (sulcus) – grooves on surface of cerebrum. 1) Sensory areas 2) Association areas 3) Motor areas Three kinds of cerebral functional area: Gyri.

Epithalamus

The 6 Divisions of the Brain

(Cerebrum)

Page 7: Sulci (sulcus) – grooves on surface of cerebrum. 1) Sensory areas 2) Association areas 3) Motor areas Three kinds of cerebral functional area: Gyri.

General Anatomy of Cerebrum: Two Hemispheres - Left and Right.

Two significant gyri: Precentral gyrus (motor). Postcentral gyrus

(sensory).

Page 8: Sulci (sulcus) – grooves on surface of cerebrum. 1) Sensory areas 2) Association areas 3) Motor areas Three kinds of cerebral functional area: Gyri.

Cerebral Nuclei

Page 9: Sulci (sulcus) – grooves on surface of cerebrum. 1) Sensory areas 2) Association areas 3) Motor areas Three kinds of cerebral functional area: Gyri.

In General - our conscious mind, enables us to: Be aware of ourselves and sensations.

Initiate and control voluntary movements.

Communicate, remember, and understand.

Functions of the Cerebrum

Frontal Lobe - memory, behavior, personality, movement.

Parietal Lobe - somatic sensory perception.

Temporal Lobe - auditory and olfactory perception.

Occipital Lobe - visual perception.

Insula Lobe - visceral perception.

Cerebrum has 5 Lobes

Page 10: Sulci (sulcus) – grooves on surface of cerebrum. 1) Sensory areas 2) Association areas 3) Motor areas Three kinds of cerebral functional area: Gyri.

Broca’s area

Wernike’s area

Page 11: Sulci (sulcus) – grooves on surface of cerebrum. 1) Sensory areas 2) Association areas 3) Motor areas Three kinds of cerebral functional area: Gyri.

Thinking

Page 12: Sulci (sulcus) – grooves on surface of cerebrum. 1) Sensory areas 2) Association areas 3) Motor areas Three kinds of cerebral functional area: Gyri.

Functional Regions of the Brain

Page 13: Sulci (sulcus) – grooves on surface of cerebrum. 1) Sensory areas 2) Association areas 3) Motor areas Three kinds of cerebral functional area: Gyri.

Homunculus - Motor and Sensory

Page 14: Sulci (sulcus) – grooves on surface of cerebrum. 1) Sensory areas 2) Association areas 3) Motor areas Three kinds of cerebral functional area: Gyri.

• Anatomical Location:– Medial aspect of cerebral hemispheres.– Also within the diencephalon.

The Limbic System = “Emotional Brain”

• Composed of:– Septal nuclei, cingulate gyrus, hippocampus

and amygdala.

• The fornix links the limbic system together.

Page 15: Sulci (sulcus) – grooves on surface of cerebrum. 1) Sensory areas 2) Association areas 3) Motor areas Three kinds of cerebral functional area: Gyri.

The Limbic System

Page 16: Sulci (sulcus) – grooves on surface of cerebrum. 1) Sensory areas 2) Association areas 3) Motor areas Three kinds of cerebral functional area: Gyri.

The major groups of axon fibers and tracts

of the central white matter.

a) Association Fibers b) Commissural Fibers

c) Projection Fibers

Page 17: Sulci (sulcus) – grooves on surface of cerebrum. 1) Sensory areas 2) Association areas 3) Motor areas Three kinds of cerebral functional area: Gyri.

The Reticular System - widespread connections, ideal for arousal of the brain as a whole.

Reticular activating

system (RAS) -

Maintains consciousness

and alertness. Functions

in sleep and arousal

from sleep.

MO and Pons

Page 18: Sulci (sulcus) – grooves on surface of cerebrum. 1) Sensory areas 2) Association areas 3) Motor areas Three kinds of cerebral functional area: Gyri.

Regions below the Cerebrum

Page 19: Sulci (sulcus) – grooves on surface of cerebrum. 1) Sensory areas 2) Association areas 3) Motor areas Three kinds of cerebral functional area: Gyri.

1) Epithalamus

Diencephalon = 1) Epithalamus, 2) Thalamus and 3) Hypothalamus

- Forms “roof” of third ventricle.

- Includes the pineal gland (body). Releases melatonin.

Page 20: Sulci (sulcus) – grooves on surface of cerebrum. 1) Sensory areas 2) Association areas 3) Motor areas Three kinds of cerebral functional area: Gyri.

2) Thalamus* Makes up 80% of

the diencephalon.

* Afferent impulses

converge on thalamus.

* Contains ~ a dozen major

nuclei which act as the

“gateway” to cerebral cortex.

* Nuclei organize and amplify

or tone down signals.

Page 21: Sulci (sulcus) – grooves on surface of cerebrum. 1) Sensory areas 2) Association areas 3) Motor areas Three kinds of cerebral functional area: Gyri.

3) Hypothalamus

Main visceral control center of the body

Regulates body temperature

Regulates circadian rhythms

Processesolfaction and feeding reflexes

Page 22: Sulci (sulcus) – grooves on surface of cerebrum. 1) Sensory areas 2) Association areas 3) Motor areas Three kinds of cerebral functional area: Gyri.

Functions of the Hypothalamus:

1. Controls autonomic nervous system (ANS)

2. Control of the endocrine system

3. Regulation of body temperature (Tb)

4. Regulation of hunger and thirst sensations

5. Regulation of sleep-wake cycles

Overall: Controls much of behavior via emotional

responses (Limbic) and ANS - Formation of memory