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Global Suicide Bombing Database - 2004 and YTD 2005
Scott Atran and Scott Helfstein
Date Country City Incidents # of Attackers Place Revisit Separable
1/2/2004 India Jammu 1 3 Rail Station 0 1
1/4/2004 Iraq Baqouba 1 1 Police Station 0 0
1/11/2004 Israel Nablus 1
1/14/2004 Israel Gaza (Erez Crossing)1 1 Border Crossing 0 1
1/18/2004 Iraq Baghdad 1 1 Coalition HQ 0 1
1/23/2004 China Zhengzhou 1 1 Rail Station 0 1
1/24/2004 Iraq Baghdad 1 1 Checkpoint 0 1
1/27/2004 AfghanistanKabul 1 1 Patrol 0 1
1/28/2004 AfghanistanKabul 1 1 Car Bomb 0 1
1/28/2004 Iraq Baghdad 1 1 Hotel 0 1
1/29/2004 Israel Jerusalem 1 1 Bus 0 0
1/31/2004 Iraq Mosul 1 1 Police Station 0 1
2/1/2004 Iraq Arbil 1 2 Kurdish Political Party Offices1 0
2/6/2004 Russia Moscow 1 1 Subway 0 0
2/10/2004 Iraq Iskandariya (Baghdad)1 1 Police Station 1 0
2/11/2004 AfghanistanKhost 1 1 Intel Dir Shot in Car0 1
2/11/2004 Iraq Baghdad 1 1 Army Recruiting Center1 0
3/9/2004 Turkey Istanbul 1 2 Masonic Lodge 0 1
3/13/2004 Israel Gaza 1 2 Port 0 0
3/17/2004 Iraq Baghdad 1 1 Hotel 1 0
3/23/2004 Iraq Kirkuk 1 1 Police Station 0 0
3/25/2004 Israel Nablus 1 1 Roadblock 0 1
3/29/2004 UzbekistanTashkent 2 2 Bus Stop and Children's Store0 1
3/30/2004 UzbekistanTashkent 1 3 Security Froces During Stop/Raid0 1
4/2/2004 Iraq Kirkuk 1 1 Muncipal Council0 1
4/3/2004 Spain Madrid 1 6 Apartment 0 1
4/17/2004 Israel Gaza (Erez) 1 1 Border Crossing 0 1
0 1 1 0 "Bombing at US Gaghdad Base Kills 25 in Blow to Hopes of UN Return," 1/19/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040118/1/3hcp9.html
0 1 1 0 "Two Dead in China 'Suicide' Blast," 1/23/2004, BBC, news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/3423725.stm
0 1 1 0 "US Soldier Dies in Iraq; Thousands Protest in Tokyo Against Deployment," 1/25/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040125/1/3hi25.html
0 0 Taliban 1 0 "Suicide Bomber Kills Candian Peacekeeper , Afghan civilian in Kabul, 1/28/2004. AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040127/3hk84.html; "British Soldier Killed in Car Bomb in Afghan Capital," 1/280/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040128/3hkus.html
0 0 Taliban 1 0 "British Soldier Killed in Car Bomb in Afghan Capital," 1/280/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040128/3hkus.html
0 1 1 0 "Five Plus Bomber Killed in Baghdad Blast," 1/29/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040128/1/3hfkyf.html
0 0 Al-Aqsa MB 1 0 "Israel Releases Hundreds of Palestinians as Suicide Bus Bomber Kills 10," 1/30/2004, AFP, URL
0 1 1 0 "Three US Soldiers, Four Paslestinians, 11 Iraqis, Killed on Eve of Fest," 2/1/2004, sg.news.yahoo.com/040131/1/3hoar.html
0 0 Links to Al-Qaeda (perhaps Ansar-al-Islam)1 0 "Yemini Arrested for Arbil Bombings Claimed by Group Linked to Al-Qaeda" 2/5/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040204/1/3hrpi.html; "Arbil Bombings Daeliest in Post-War Iraq as Death Toll Reaches 100," 2/4/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040203/1/3hqpf.html; "At Least 56 Dead in Iraq Suicide Bombing as Wolfowitz Arrives in Iraq," 2/2/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040201/1/3hoiw.html
0 0 Hamas/al-Aqsa MB1 0 "Palestinian Boy, 14, Got NIS 100, to Blow Up at IDF Roadblock," 3/25/2004, Haaretz and AP, www.haaretzdaily.com/hasen/spages/408359.html; "Hamas Backs Off on Threats Against U.S." 3/25/2004, AP, apnews.myway.com/articles/20040325/D81H8TP00.html
0 0 No Group - Islamic Motivations1 0 "Uzbekistan Has First Attacks by Suicide Bombers," 3/30/2004, AP, www.azstarnet.com/sn/attack/15819.php
0 0 No Group - Islamic Motivations1 0 "At Leaset 23 Killed in Uzbekistan Clashes," 3/30/2004, www.usatoday.com/news/world/2004-03-30-uzbek-attacks_x.htm?POE=NEWISVA; "20 Terror Suspects Killed," 3/31/2004, Courier-Mail, www.couriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page…
0 0 1 0 "US Death Toll in Iraq Hits 600, Town Leaders Slam Mutilation of Maericans," 4/2/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040402/1/3j8s3.html
0 0 Al-Andalus 1 0 "Terrorists in Spain Said to Eye Jewish Sites," 4/14/2004, NYT, www.newyorktimes/2004/04/14/international/europe/14SPAI.html
0 0 Hamas-Fatah 1 0 "IDF Kills Two Armed Palestinians in Gaza Strip," 4/18/2004, Haaretz, www.haaretzdaily.com/hasen/spages,416370.html; "Three Israelis Wounded in Suicide Bombing at Gaza Crossing: Army," 4/17/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040417/3jk44.html
0 0 al-Qaeda (Zarqawi Suspected)1 0 "At Least 68 Killed in Suicide Car Bombings in Basra Region of Southern Iraq," 4/22/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040421/1/3jnzq.html; "Eight Killed in Baghdad Blasts as US Raises Alarm Over Troop Shortage," 2/24/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040424/1/3jqjw.html
0 1 1 0 "Saudi Suicide Bomb Kills 9," 4/21/2004/ CNN, www.cnn.com/2004/World/meast/04/21/saudi.blast/index.html; "Security Building in Saudi Captial is Wrecked by Bombs," 4/21/2004, NYT, www.nytimes.com/2004/04/21/international/middleeast/21CND-SAUD.html
0 0 Al Haramain Brigades/al-Qaeda1 0 "Saudis Outrages by Ryadh Suicide Car Bombing," 4/22/2004, Reuters, www.reuters.com/newsArticle.jhtml?type=worldnews&storyID=4910879; "Eight Killed in Baghdad Blasts as US Raises Alarm Over Troop Shortage," 2/24/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040424/1/3jqjw.html
0 1 1 0 "Iraq Hit by Lethal Rocket Strikes," 4/24/2004, BBC, news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3655127.stm; "Eight Killed in Baghdad Blasts as US Raises Alarm Over Troop Shortage," 2/24/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040424/1/3jqjw.html
0 1 1 0 "Eight US Troops, 39 Iraqis Killed in Fresh Bloodshed," 4/25/2004, AFP, sg.news. Yahoo.com/040425/1/3jqz2.html; "Oil Exports to Resume After Suicide Blasts, Fallujah Elders Seek UN Mediation, 4/26/2004, AFP, "sg.news.yahoo.com/040425/1/3jrdv.html
0 0 Hamas 1 0 "Robbers Die Trying to Hold-Up Suicide Bomber," 4/27/2004, Scotsman, news.scotsman.com/latest.cfm?id=2847237
0 0 Hamas/Ezzedin al-Qassam Brigades1 0 "Suicide Car Bombing in Gaza, Palestinian Dove Arrested in Jerusalem," 4/29/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040428/1/3ju9x.html
0 1 1 1 "Damascus Goes on Security Alert After Four Killed in Bombing, Shootout," 4/28/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040428/1/3jub9.html
0 1 1 0 "U.S. Hand Over Some Positions in Iraq," 4/30/2004, AP, abcnews.go.com/wire/world/ap20040430_1500.html
0 0 al-Qaeda (Zarqawi Suspected)1 0 "Bombers Kill 41 in Strikes on Iraqi Forces," 6/17/2004, Reuters, story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story2&u=/nm/20040617/ts_nm/riaq_dc; Suicide Bomber Kills 35 in Iraq," 6/17/2004, Examiner, breaking.examiner.ie/2004/06/17/story152812.html
0 1 1 0 "Bombers Kill 41 in Strikes on Iraqi Forces," 6/17/2004, Reuters, story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story2&u=/nm/20040617/ts_nm/riaq_dc; Suicide Bomber Kills 35 in Iraq," 6/17/2004, Examiner, breaking.examiner.ie/2004/06/17/story152812.html
0 0 al-Qaeda (Zarqawi Suspected)1 0 "Dozens Die as Fighting Intensifies Ahead of Iraqi Transfer of Power," 6/24/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040624/1/319mg.html
0 0 al-Qaeda (Zarqawi Suspected)1 0 "Dozens Die as Fighting Intensifies Ahead of Iraqi Transfer of Power," 6/24/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040624/1/319mg.html
0 1 1 0 "At Least Nine Dead in New Iraq's First Big Car Bomb, Gas Line Attacked," 7/7/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040706/1/3lj14.html
0 0 Tamil Tigers 1 0 "Five Killed as Suicide Blast Shatters Sri Lanka Truce," 7/7/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040707/1/3lj11.html
0 0 Lashkar-e-Jhangvi (Sipah-e-Sahaba)1 0 "Twin Bombs Kill at Least 39 at Meeting of Radical Pakistani Sunnis," 10/7/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/041007/1/3nlwz.html; "Blast Kills 25 at Shiite Mosque in Pakistan," 10/1/2004, AP, www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,134179,00.html
0 1 1 0 "Three Car Bombs in Iraq Kill at Least 26," 10/4/2004, Reuters, www.reuters.com/newsArticle.jhtml;jsessionid=…; Two Blasts Rip Through Baghdad, Killing 21," 10/4/2004, AP, abcnews.go.com/wire/World/ap20041004_302.html
0 1 1 0 "Three Car Bombs in Iraq Kill at Least 26," 10/4/2004, Reuters, www.reuters.com/newsArticle.jhtml;jsessionid=…; Two Blasts Rip Through Baghdad, Killing 21," 10/4/2004, AP, abcnews.go.com/wire/World/ap20041004_302.html
0 1 1 0 "Ten Killed by Iraq Cae Bomb as Iraqi-US Force Forge Ahead With Crackdown," 10/6/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/041006/1/3nl61.html
0 1 1 0 "Twin Bombs Kill at Least 39 at Meeting of Radical Pakistani Sunnis," 10/7/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/041007/1/3nlwz.html
0 1 1 0 "Eygpt Arrests Five Suspects Over Sinai Bombings," 10/25/2004, AFP, sg.ews.yahoo.com/041025/1/3o013.html
0 1 Zarqawi 1 0 "Three UK Soldiers Killed in Bomb Attack in Central Iraq," 11/5/2004, China View, news.xinhuanet.com/english/2004-11/05/content_2179281.htm; "Zarqawi group claims responsibility for killing three British soldiers south of Baghdad," 11/5/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=465bce0f0cff867a617a630ed4d62c59&_docnum=100&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=b7ca461df516581737651fd53954ed67
0 0 Zarqawi 1 0 "Zarqawi Group Claims String of Deadly Attacks," 11/8/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/041107/1/3obwa.html
0 1 1 0 "Insurgents set off car bombs, attack police station in bloody assault on Samarra," 11/6/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=465bce0f0cff867a617a630ed4d62c59&_docnum=86&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=41637fde35b102a1a2a7621b05ba595c
0 0 Zarqawi 1 0 "Zarqawi Group Claims String of Deadly Attacks," 11/8/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/041107/1/3obwa.html
0 0 Zarqawi 1 0 "Zarqawi Group Claims String of Deadly Attacks," 11/8/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/041107/1/3obwa.html
0 1 1 0 "Two British soldiers injured in central Iraq, Briton killed near Basra," 11/7/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=91f07e24d91866e43541f487b013cbea&_docnum=73&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=684ba1a0793063134d2d78588e732f25
0 1 1 0 "US Troops Storm into Heart of Fallujah in Biggest Battle Since Iraq War," 11/9/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/041109/1/3odg2.html
0 1 1 0 "Weapons sleuth Duelfer narrowly misses being killed in Iraq suicide car bombing," 11/9/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=91f07e24d91866e43541f487b013cbea&_docnum=62&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=2a803978d20eece552764bf78da53ce9
0 1 1 0 "US loses 18 Troops in Battle for Fallujah, Puts Rebel Losses at 500," 11/12/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/041111/1/3og9n.html
0 1 1 0 "Five US soldiers injured in car bombing in Mosul," 11/15/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=91f07e24d91866e43541f487b013cbea&_docnum=51&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=9da67ec02bc11ac4215d4e8a6094fc70
0 1 1 0 "Lewiston soldier dies in car bombing in Iraq," 11/18/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=340bbfb1284851ea04b9b1c037c8d883&_docnum=31&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=c8788d0768957db6dc03e893b71e758f
0 1 1 0 "10 Killed in Attack on US Convoy," 11/18/2004, Herald Tribune, P 7; "Suicide Bomber, Clashes in Iraq Kill 27," 11/17/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=340bbfb1284851ea04b9b1c037c8d883&_docnum=40&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=8263b0abf00af4a20dc9fcb870069ddc
0 1 1 0 "US Led Forces Sweep Through Iraq's Death Triangle," 11/25/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/041125/1/3osx3.html
0 1 1 0 "Car bombs explode near police station and youth center, killing one bomber, injuring 10," 11/25/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=9f097f77d175629857e41e1dc35f3f80&_docnum=12&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=fca9289be69b0e5a2e4a33237cedeb64
0 1 1 0 "3 injured in suicide attack on Baghdad airport road," 12/1/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=2d19ff0a2bee7d29c8ad27f7e56749b9&_docnum=200&wchp=dGLbVzb-zSkVA&_md5=1d746b1b2454e2a041773e3bd927993c
0 0 Al Mansoorin 0 1 "Two Militants in Sopore Suicide Attack," 12/4/2004, Oulook India, www.outlookindia.com/pti_news.asp?id=265391
0 1 Zarqawi 1 0 "Suicide Bombers Crash into Mosque," 12/3/2004, CNN, www.cnn.com/2004/Worldmeast/12/03/iraq.main/; At least 26 Die in Baghdad Attacks as US Winds UP 'Death Triangle' Sweep, 12/4/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/041204/1/3p10t.html
0 1 1 0 "Car bombs in Baghdad, Mosul kill at least 16, bringing three-day death toll higher than 40," 12/4/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=2d19ff0a2bee7d29c8ad27f7e56749b9&_docnum=189&wchp=dGLbVzb-zSkVA&_md5=bcf108689a108ae466ed4bdfa982c8aa; "Suicide car bomb attacks Marines at Jordan border causing fatalities, spokesman says," 12/3/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=2d19ff0a2bee7d29c8ad27f7e56749b9&_docnum=190&wchp=dGLbVzb-zSkVA&_md5=31c0ed8dc8c000cfd6c905f9ca7527cf
0 1 1 0 "Suicide Bombers Strike in Iraq," 12/4/2004, BBCnews. News.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/4067795.stm; "Car bombs in Baghdad, Mosul kill at least 16, bringing three-day death toll higher than 40," 12/4/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=2d19ff0a2bee7d29c8ad27f7e56749b9&_docnum=189&wchp=dGLbVzb-zSkVA&_md5=bcf108689a108ae466ed4bdfa982c8aa
0 1 1 0 "Suicide Bombers Strike in Iraq," 12/4/2004, BBCnews. News.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/4067795.stm; "Car bombings in Baghdad, Mosul kill 14, mostly policemen and Kurdish militiamen," 12/4/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=fb61d56092c94afe363cb943f954ac4c&_docnum=178&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=daaac183c9e60af9fea8f99fe3f12446
0 1 1 0 "U.S. soldier sentenced to three years for killing Iraqi teen," 12/11/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=3997c26d3ccd5729944b4177e058707c&_docnum=170&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=bb766c071a04d07dadc0989698a8b93f
0 1 1 0 "Clashes in Baghdad, suicide bomber targets U.S. convoy in western Iraq; no coalition casualties," 12/12/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=3997c26d3ccd5729944b4177e058707c&_docnum=166&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=060a0353db361968a45b1a08d0190bdf
0 1 1 0 "Marine killed in Anbar, roadside bomb kills U.S. soldier," 12/12/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=3997c26d3ccd5729944b4177e058707c&_docnum=162&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=d5cb323a3b8b6cbf8505a60cb61451d8
0 0 al-Qaeda (linked) 1 0 "Blast Kills 13 Year After Saddam Capture," 12/13/2004, AP, story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story2&u=/ap/20041213/ap_on_re_mi_ea/iraq; "URGENT Suicide bomber strikes at gate to Green Zone," 12/13/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=3997c26d3ccd5729944b4177e058707c&_docnum=158&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=71afc17bc9c6fff8d032a30d7dc9109e
0 1 1 0 "Insurgents hit Baghdad's Green Zone with second suicide attack in two days, this time killing seven," 12/14/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=136a156dc663efff47379bdbb1afe582&_docnum=142&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=1d75f8538d4e6598b6a99e2f4001fac2
0 1 0 1 "Three Ultras Killed as BSF Foils Suicide Attack Bid," 12/15/2005, Outlook India, www.outlookindia.com/pti_news.asp?id=267596
0 1 1 0 "A Car Bomb in Karbala IS Followed by Another in Najaf," 12/19/2004, NYT, www.nytimes.com/2004/12/19/international/middleeast/19wir…; "Car bombs hit Karbala and Najaf, killing at least 60 people; three election workers killed in Baghdad ambush,", 12/19/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=136a156dc663efff47379bdbb1afe582&_docnum=131&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=fbaa3b08223aaa208442c0e5a25b84b0
0 0 Ansar-al-Sunna 1 0 "Suicide bomber probably caused Iraq blast, Myers says," 12/22/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=b21f55d8e8e0f97239a37fe6708f114a&_docnum=114&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=a24f6b38a6e2bb244c8071dca1689ec8; "Suicide Bombing is Now Suspected in Mosul Attack," 12/23/2004, NYT, P1
0 1 1 0 "Suicide bombing using tanker truck kills 9 and wounds 14; Marines capture cell leaders loyal to al-Zarqawi," 12/25/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=a93ba405a560280b2761319e4fcd6cd9&_docnum=40&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=514d7b30bf5d0ba6052fd8c174d2a907
0 0 Zarqawi 1 0 "Suicide bomber kills 15, wounds dozens in attack on top Iraqi Shiite political leader," 12/27/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=ced831addb11540c320667dc740d741f&_docnum=19&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=40c124d47b57bd669cdb2cc56508a550; "Al-Zarqawi's group claims responsibility for assassination attempt of prominent Shiite Muslim politician," 12/28/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=ced831addb11540c320667dc740d741f&_docnum=15&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=c7d046e1255d05c7c6f542a08c8cc682
0 1 1 0 "Large explosions rock central Riyadh; seven killed in shootout," 12/29/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=b14044af3385d9892a78276ad3420cee&_docnum=82&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=1ce0f67c72b4c840f371a205656f9b4f
"Jammu rly station targeted again," 1/2/2004, Hindustan Times, www.hindusstantimes.com/news/5922_517253,0015002000000000.htm; "JeM Involved in Jammu Railway Station Attack," 1/10/2004, Indiainfo, news.indiainfo.com/2004/01/10/1001jem.html
"Car bBomb Explodes at Iraq Police Station," 1/14/2004, MSNBC, www.msnbc.msn.com/id/3945279/
"Gaza Suicide Blast Kills Four Israelis," 1/14/2004, Reuters, www.msnbc.msn.com/id/3953586/
"Bombing at US Gaghdad Base Kills 25 in Blow to Hopes of UN Return," 1/19/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040118/1/3hcp9.html
"Two Dead in China 'Suicide' Blast," 1/23/2004, BBC, news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/3423725.stm
"US Soldier Dies in Iraq; Thousands Protest in Tokyo Against Deployment," 1/25/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040125/1/3hi25.html
"Suicide Bomber Kills Candian Peacekeeper , Afghan civilian in Kabul, 1/28/2004. AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040127/3hk84.html; "British Soldier Killed in Car Bomb in Afghan Capital," 1/280/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040128/3hkus.html
"British Soldier Killed in Car Bomb in Afghan Capital," 1/280/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040128/3hkus.html
"Five Plus Bomber Killed in Baghdad Blast," 1/29/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040128/1/3hfkyf.html
"Israel Releases Hundreds of Palestinians as Suicide Bus Bomber Kills 10," 1/30/2004, AFP, URL
"Three US Soldiers, Four Paslestinians, 11 Iraqis, Killed on Eve of Fest," 2/1/2004, sg.news.yahoo.com/040131/1/3hoar.html
"Yemini Arrested for Arbil Bombings Claimed by Group Linked to Al-Qaeda" 2/5/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040204/1/3hrpi.html; "Arbil Bombings Daeliest in Post-War Iraq as Death Toll Reaches 100," 2/4/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040203/1/3hqpf.html; "At Least 56 Dead in Iraq Suicide Bombing as Wolfowitz Arrives in Iraq," 2/2/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040201/1/3hoiw.html
"Truck Bomb Kills at Least 55 in Iraq Amid Growing Worries Over Al-Qaeda," 2/11/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040210/1/3hwnk.html
"Suicide Bomber Shoots Deputy Intelligence Director in South Afghanistan, 2/11/2004, AFP, sq.news.yahoo.om/040211/1/3hxkt.html
"Car Bomb Kills Iraq Army Recruits," 2/11/2004, BBC News, news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3478339.stm
"Two killed in suicide bomb attack on Istanbul Masonic Lodge," 3/10/2004, AFP, sq.news.yahoo.com/040309/1/3imy8.html
"Israeli Helicpoters Hit Gaza After Port Bombing," 3/14/2004, Reuters, www.reuters.com/newschannel.jhtml?type+worldnews; Suicide Bombers Kill 11 at Israeli Seaport," 3/14/2004, MSNBC, msnbc.msn.com/id/4493489/
"Palestinian Boy, 14, Got NIS 100, to Blow Up at IDF Roadblock," 3/25/2004, Haaretz and AP, www.haaretzdaily.com/hasen/spages/408359.html; "Hamas Backs Off on Threats Against U.S." 3/25/2004, AP, apnews.myway.com/articles/20040325/D81H8TP00.html
"Uzbekistan Has First Attacks by Suicide Bombers," 3/30/2004, AP, www.azstarnet.com/sn/attack/15819.php
"At Leaset 23 Killed in Uzbekistan Clashes," 3/30/2004, www.usatoday.com/news/world/2004-03-30-uzbek-attacks_x.htm?POE=NEWISVA; "20 Terror Suspects Killed," 3/31/2004, Courier-Mail, www.couriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page…
"US Death Toll in Iraq Hits 600, Town Leaders Slam Mutilation of Maericans," 4/2/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040402/1/3j8s3.html
"Terrorists in Spain Said to Eye Jewish Sites," 4/14/2004, NYT, www.newyorktimes/2004/04/14/international/europe/14SPAI.html
"IDF Kills Two Armed Palestinians in Gaza Strip," 4/18/2004, Haaretz, www.haaretzdaily.com/hasen/spages,416370.html; "Three Israelis Wounded in Suicide Bombing at Gaza Crossing: Army," 4/17/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040417/3jk44.html
"At Least 68 Killed in Suicide Car Bombings in Basra Region of Southern Iraq," 4/22/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040421/1/3jnzq.html; "Eight Killed in Baghdad Blasts as US Raises Alarm Over Troop Shortage," 2/24/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040424/1/3jqjw.html
"Saudi Suicide Bomb Kills 9," 4/21/2004/ CNN, www.cnn.com/2004/World/meast/04/21/saudi.blast/index.html; "Security Building in Saudi Captial is Wrecked by Bombs," 4/21/2004, NYT, www.nytimes.com/2004/04/21/international/middleeast/21CND-SAUD.html
"Saudis Outrages by Ryadh Suicide Car Bombing," 4/22/2004, Reuters, www.reuters.com/newsArticle.jhtml?type=worldnews&storyID=4910879; "Eight Killed in Baghdad Blasts as US Raises Alarm Over Troop Shortage," 2/24/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040424/1/3jqjw.html
"Iraq Hit by Lethal Rocket Strikes," 4/24/2004, BBC, news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3655127.stm; "Eight Killed in Baghdad Blasts as US Raises Alarm Over Troop Shortage," 2/24/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040424/1/3jqjw.html
"Eight US Troops, 39 Iraqis Killed in Fresh Bloodshed," 4/25/2004, AFP, sg.news. Yahoo.com/040425/1/3jqz2.html; "Oil Exports to Resume After Suicide Blasts, Fallujah Elders Seek UN Mediation, 4/26/2004, AFP, "sg.news.yahoo.com/040425/1/3jrdv.html
"Robbers Die Trying to Hold-Up Suicide Bomber," 4/27/2004, Scotsman, news.scotsman.com/latest.cfm?id=2847237
"Suicide Car Bombing in Gaza, Palestinian Dove Arrested in Jerusalem," 4/29/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040428/1/3ju9x.html
"Damascus Goes on Security Alert After Four Killed in Bombing, Shootout," 4/28/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040428/1/3jub9.html
"U.S. Hand Over Some Positions in Iraq," 4/30/2004, AP, abcnews.go.com/wire/world/ap20040430_1500.html
"Twin Bombs Kill at Least 39 at Meeting of Radical Pakistani Sunnis," 10/7/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/041007/1/3nlwz.html; "Blast Kills 25 at Shiite Mosque in Pakistan," 10/1/2004, AP, www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,134179,00.html
"Three Car Bombs in Iraq Kill at Least 26," 10/4/2004, Reuters, www.reuters.com/newsArticle.jhtml;jsessionid=…; Two Blasts Rip Through Baghdad, Killing 21," 10/4/2004, AP, abcnews.go.com/wire/World/ap20041004_302.html
"Three Car Bombs in Iraq Kill at Least 26," 10/4/2004, Reuters, www.reuters.com/newsArticle.jhtml;jsessionid=…; Two Blasts Rip Through Baghdad, Killing 21," 10/4/2004, AP, abcnews.go.com/wire/World/ap20041004_302.html
"Ten Killed by Iraq Cae Bomb as Iraqi-US Force Forge Ahead With Crackdown," 10/6/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/041006/1/3nl61.html
"Twin Bombs Kill at Least 39 at Meeting of Radical Pakistani Sunnis," 10/7/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/041007/1/3nlwz.html
"Eygpt Arrests Five Suspects Over Sinai Bombings," 10/25/2004, AFP, sg.ews.yahoo.com/041025/1/3o013.html
"5 Killed In Kasmir Suicide Attack," 10/10/2004, Daily Times, www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_10-10-2004_pg1_3
"Two Car Bombs Kill Eight in Baghdad," 10/10/2004, ABCnews, abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=152917
"Two Car Bombs Kill Eight in Baghdad," 10/10/2004, ABCnews, abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=152917
"208 Deaths -- One Week's Tally -- in Iraq," 10/19/2004, Star Tribune, www.startribune.com/stories/1762/5037848.html; "Roadside Bombs, Suicide Attack Kill Six Soldiers, 10/13/2004, AP, www.maribetimes.com/story.php?f=1-292925-449644.php
6 U.S. Soldiers Killed in Iraq Attacks," 10/13/2004, AP, apnews.myway.com/article/20041013/D85MP3QG0.html
"208 Deaths -- One Week's Tally -- in Iraq," 10/19/2004, Star Tribune, www.startribune.com/stories/1762/5037848.html; "Baghdad Bombers Hit Green Zone," 10/15/2004, Herald Tribune, P1
"208 Deaths -- One Week's Tally -- in Iraq," 10/19/2004, Star Tribune, www.startribune.com/stories/1762/5037848.html; www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/iraqi_casualties_oct04.htm
"Noose Tightens Around Iraq's Rebel Heartland, Car Bomb Explodes in Baghdad," 10/16/2004, sg.news.yahoo.com/041015/1/3nstw.html
"208 Deaths -- One Week's Tally -- in Iraq," 10/19/2004, Star Tribune, www.startribune.com/stories/1762/5037848.html
"Driver Killed in Suicide Car Bomb Blast on Baghdad Airport Road," 10/20/2004, AFP, uk.news.yahoo.com/041020/323/f4wym.html
"Double Suicide Car Bombings in Iraq Kill 10," 10/21/2004, AP, www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?pagename=…
"Suicide Blast Kills 16 Iraq Policemen," 10/23/2004, AP, no web address listed
"Twin Iraq Suicide Bombings Kill 14, US troops Catch Top Zarqawi Aide," 10/24/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/041023/1/3nyrw.html
"Top U.S. Foe Claims Iraq Killings," 10/25/2005, Reuters, www.reuters.co.uk/newsPackageArticle.jhtml=topNews&storyID=60…
"Purported Taliban Bomber Kills U.S. Woman, Girl," 10/24/2004, AP, www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,136423,00.html
"Bombings in Bahgdad, Mosul Kill 6 Iraqis," 10/25/2004, CNN, www.cnn.com/2004/World/meast/10/25/iraq.main/index.html
"9 Marines Die as Insurgents Mount Attacks," 10/31/2004, NYT, www.nytimes.com/2004/10/31/international/middleeast/31iraq.html
"Teenage Bomber Kills 3 in Tel Aviv," 11/2/2004, Herald Tribune, P1
"Iraqis Ignore U.S. Vote Amid Bloodshed, Kidnapping," 11/3/2004, Reuters, www.reuters.com/newsArticle.jhtml?type=worldnews/tstoryid=67035358-pagenumber=1
"Three UK Soldiers Killed in Bomb Attack in Central Iraq," 11/5/2004, China View, news.xinhuanet.com/english/2004-11/05/content_2179281.htm; "Zarqawi group claims responsibility for killing three British soldiers south of Baghdad," 11/5/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=465bce0f0cff867a617a630ed4d62c59&_docnum=100&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=b7ca461df516581737651fd53954ed67
"Zarqawi Group Claims String of Deadly Attacks," 11/8/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/041107/1/3obwa.html
"Insurgents set off car bombs, attack police station in bloody assault on Samarra," 11/6/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=465bce0f0cff867a617a630ed4d62c59&_docnum=86&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=41637fde35b102a1a2a7621b05ba595c
"Zarqawi Group Claims String of Deadly Attacks," 11/8/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/041107/1/3obwa.html
"Zarqawi Group Claims String of Deadly Attacks," 11/8/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/041107/1/3obwa.html
"Two British soldiers injured in central Iraq, Briton killed near Basra," 11/7/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=91f07e24d91866e43541f487b013cbea&_docnum=73&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=684ba1a0793063134d2d78588e732f25
"US Troops Storm into Heart of Fallujah in Biggest Battle Since Iraq War," 11/9/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/041109/1/3odg2.html
"Weapons sleuth Duelfer narrowly misses being killed in Iraq suicide car bombing," 11/9/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=91f07e24d91866e43541f487b013cbea&_docnum=62&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=2a803978d20eece552764bf78da53ce9
"US loses 18 Troops in Battle for Fallujah, Puts Rebel Losses at 500," 11/12/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/041111/1/3og9n.html
"Five US soldiers injured in car bombing in Mosul," 11/15/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=91f07e24d91866e43541f487b013cbea&_docnum=51&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=9da67ec02bc11ac4215d4e8a6094fc70
"Lewiston soldier dies in car bombing in Iraq," 11/18/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=340bbfb1284851ea04b9b1c037c8d883&_docnum=31&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=c8788d0768957db6dc03e893b71e758f
"10 Killed in Attack on US Convoy," 11/18/2004, Herald Tribune, P 7; "Suicide Bomber, Clashes in Iraq Kill 27," 11/17/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=340bbfb1284851ea04b9b1c037c8d883&_docnum=40&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=8263b0abf00af4a20dc9fcb870069ddc
"Suicide Bomber Crashed Into Iraqi Police," 11/19/2004, AP, apnews.myway.com/article/20041119/D86F04280.html
"Car bomber in central Iraq town targets police station," 11/19/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=340bbfb1284851ea04b9b1c037c8d883&_docnum=28&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=62b59cbece15dd7084b74afa7a55249b
"US Led Forces Sweep Through Iraq's Death Triangle," 11/25/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/041125/1/3osx3.html
"Car bombs explode near police station and youth center, killing one bomber, injuring 10," 11/25/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=9f097f77d175629857e41e1dc35f3f80&_docnum=12&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=fca9289be69b0e5a2e4a33237cedeb64
"Suicide Bomber Kills 7 Iraqis," 11/30/2004, Jerusalem Post, P?
"Insurgent attacks kill American soldiers, Iraqi police and guardsmen," 11/29/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=db981323f77538e5ad8304cadf50063c&_docnum=214&wchp=dGLbVzb-zSkVA&_md5=89af4907f865f272d304f2c5970534bc
"Suicide Bomber Rams US Convoy," 12/1/2004, Jerusalem Post, P?; "3 injured in suicide attack on Baghdad airport road," 12/1/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=2d19ff0a2bee7d29c8ad27f7e56749b9&_docnum=200&wchp=dGLbVzb-zSkVA&_md5=1d746b1b2454e2a041773e3bd927993c
"Iraqi President Backs Election Date," 12/2/2004, Herald Tribune, P2
"3 injured in suicide attack on Baghdad airport road," 12/1/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=2d19ff0a2bee7d29c8ad27f7e56749b9&_docnum=200&wchp=dGLbVzb-zSkVA&_md5=1d746b1b2454e2a041773e3bd927993c
"Two Militants in Sopore Suicide Attack," 12/4/2004, Oulook India, www.outlookindia.com/pti_news.asp?id=265391
"Suicide Bombers Crash into Mosque," 12/3/2004, CNN, www.cnn.com/2004/Worldmeast/12/03/iraq.main/; At least 26 Die in Baghdad Attacks as US Winds UP 'Death Triangle' Sweep, 12/4/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/041204/1/3p10t.html
"Car bombs in Baghdad, Mosul kill at least 16, bringing three-day death toll higher than 40," 12/4/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=2d19ff0a2bee7d29c8ad27f7e56749b9&_docnum=189&wchp=dGLbVzb-zSkVA&_md5=bcf108689a108ae466ed4bdfa982c8aa; "Suicide car bomb attacks Marines at Jordan border causing fatalities, spokesman says," 12/3/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=2d19ff0a2bee7d29c8ad27f7e56749b9&_docnum=190&wchp=dGLbVzb-zSkVA&_md5=31c0ed8dc8c000cfd6c905f9ca7527cf
"Suicide Bombers Strike in Iraq," 12/4/2004, BBCnews. News.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/4067795.stm; "Car bombs in Baghdad, Mosul kill at least 16, bringing three-day death toll higher than 40," 12/4/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=2d19ff0a2bee7d29c8ad27f7e56749b9&_docnum=189&wchp=dGLbVzb-zSkVA&_md5=bcf108689a108ae466ed4bdfa982c8aa
"Suicide Bombers Strike in Iraq," 12/4/2004, BBCnews. News.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/4067795.stm; "Car bombings in Baghdad, Mosul kill 14, mostly policemen and Kurdish militiamen," 12/4/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=fb61d56092c94afe363cb943f954ac4c&_docnum=178&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=daaac183c9e60af9fea8f99fe3f12446
"U.S. soldier sentenced to three years for killing Iraqi teen," 12/11/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=3997c26d3ccd5729944b4177e058707c&_docnum=170&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=bb766c071a04d07dadc0989698a8b93f
"Clashes in Baghdad, suicide bomber targets U.S. convoy in western Iraq; no coalition casualties," 12/12/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=3997c26d3ccd5729944b4177e058707c&_docnum=166&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=060a0353db361968a45b1a08d0190bdf
"Marine killed in Anbar, roadside bomb kills U.S. soldier," 12/12/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=3997c26d3ccd5729944b4177e058707c&_docnum=162&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=d5cb323a3b8b6cbf8505a60cb61451d8
"Blast Kills 13 Year After Saddam Capture," 12/13/2004, AP, story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story2&u=/ap/20041213/ap_on_re_mi_ea/iraq; "URGENT Suicide bomber strikes at gate to Green Zone," 12/13/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=3997c26d3ccd5729944b4177e058707c&_docnum=158&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=71afc17bc9c6fff8d032a30d7dc9109e
"Insurgents hit Baghdad's Green Zone with second suicide attack in two days, this time killing seven," 12/14/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=136a156dc663efff47379bdbb1afe582&_docnum=142&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=1d75f8538d4e6598b6a99e2f4001fac2
"Three Ultras Killed as BSF Foils Suicide Attack Bid," 12/15/2005, Outlook India, www.outlookindia.com/pti_news.asp?id=267596
"A Car Bomb in Karbala IS Followed by Another in Najaf," 12/19/2004, NYT, www.nytimes.com/2004/12/19/international/middleeast/19wir…; "Car bombs hit Karbala and Najaf, killing at least 60 people; three election workers killed in Baghdad ambush,", 12/19/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=136a156dc663efff47379bdbb1afe582&_docnum=131&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=fbaa3b08223aaa208442c0e5a25b84b0
"Suicide bomber probably caused Iraq blast, Myers says," 12/22/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=b21f55d8e8e0f97239a37fe6708f114a&_docnum=114&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=a24f6b38a6e2bb244c8071dca1689ec8; "Suicide Bombing is Now Suspected in Mosul Attack," 12/23/2004, NYT, P1
"Suicide bombing using tanker truck kills 9 and wounds 14; Marines capture cell leaders loyal to al-Zarqawi," 12/25/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=a93ba405a560280b2761319e4fcd6cd9&_docnum=40&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=514d7b30bf5d0ba6052fd8c174d2a907
"Suicide bomber kills 15, wounds dozens in attack on top Iraqi Shiite political leader," 12/27/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=ced831addb11540c320667dc740d741f&_docnum=19&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=40c124d47b57bd669cdb2cc56508a550; "Al-Zarqawi's group claims responsibility for assassination attempt of prominent Shiite Muslim politician," 12/28/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=ced831addb11540c320667dc740d741f&_docnum=15&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=c7d046e1255d05c7c6f542a08c8cc682
"Large explosions rock central Riyadh; seven killed in shootout," 12/29/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=b14044af3385d9892a78276ad3420cee&_docnum=82&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=1ce0f67c72b4c840f371a205656f9b4f
"Jammu rly station targeted again," 1/2/2004, Hindustan Times, www.hindusstantimes.com/news/5922_517253,0015002000000000.htm; "JeM Involved in Jammu Railway Station Attack," 1/10/2004, Indiainfo, news.indiainfo.com/2004/01/10/1001jem.html
"Suicide Bomber Kills Candian Peacekeeper , Afghan civilian in Kabul, 1/28/2004. AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040127/3hk84.html; "British Soldier Killed in Car Bomb in Afghan Capital," 1/280/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040128/3hkus.html
"Yemini Arrested for Arbil Bombings Claimed by Group Linked to Al-Qaeda" 2/5/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040204/1/3hrpi.html; "Arbil Bombings Daeliest in Post-War Iraq as Death Toll Reaches 100," 2/4/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040203/1/3hqpf.html; "At Least 56 Dead in Iraq Suicide Bombing as Wolfowitz Arrives in Iraq," 2/2/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040201/1/3hoiw.html
"Israeli Helicpoters Hit Gaza After Port Bombing," 3/14/2004, Reuters, www.reuters.com/newschannel.jhtml?type+worldnews; Suicide Bombers Kill 11 at Israeli Seaport," 3/14/2004, MSNBC, msnbc.msn.com/id/4493489/
"Palestinian Boy, 14, Got NIS 100, to Blow Up at IDF Roadblock," 3/25/2004, Haaretz and AP, www.haaretzdaily.com/hasen/spages/408359.html; "Hamas Backs Off on Threats Against U.S." 3/25/2004, AP, apnews.myway.com/articles/20040325/D81H8TP00.html
"At Leaset 23 Killed in Uzbekistan Clashes," 3/30/2004, www.usatoday.com/news/world/2004-03-30-uzbek-attacks_x.htm?POE=NEWISVA; "20 Terror Suspects Killed," 3/31/2004, Courier-Mail, www.couriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page…
"IDF Kills Two Armed Palestinians in Gaza Strip," 4/18/2004, Haaretz, www.haaretzdaily.com/hasen/spages,416370.html; "Three Israelis Wounded in Suicide Bombing at Gaza Crossing: Army," 4/17/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040417/3jk44.html
"At Least 68 Killed in Suicide Car Bombings in Basra Region of Southern Iraq," 4/22/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040421/1/3jnzq.html; "Eight Killed in Baghdad Blasts as US Raises Alarm Over Troop Shortage," 2/24/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040424/1/3jqjw.html
"Saudi Suicide Bomb Kills 9," 4/21/2004/ CNN, www.cnn.com/2004/World/meast/04/21/saudi.blast/index.html; "Security Building in Saudi Captial is Wrecked by Bombs," 4/21/2004, NYT, www.nytimes.com/2004/04/21/international/middleeast/21CND-SAUD.html
"Saudis Outrages by Ryadh Suicide Car Bombing," 4/22/2004, Reuters, www.reuters.com/newsArticle.jhtml?type=worldnews&storyID=4910879; "Eight Killed in Baghdad Blasts as US Raises Alarm Over Troop Shortage," 2/24/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040424/1/3jqjw.html
"Iraq Hit by Lethal Rocket Strikes," 4/24/2004, BBC, news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3655127.stm; "Eight Killed in Baghdad Blasts as US Raises Alarm Over Troop Shortage," 2/24/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040424/1/3jqjw.html
"Eight US Troops, 39 Iraqis Killed in Fresh Bloodshed," 4/25/2004, AFP, sg.news. Yahoo.com/040425/1/3jqz2.html; "Oil Exports to Resume After Suicide Blasts, Fallujah Elders Seek UN Mediation, 4/26/2004, AFP, "sg.news.yahoo.com/040425/1/3jrdv.html
"Bombers Kill 41 in Strikes on Iraqi Forces," 6/17/2004, Reuters, story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story2&u=/nm/20040617/ts_nm/riaq_dc; Suicide Bomber Kills 35 in Iraq," 6/17/2004, Examiner, breaking.examiner.ie/2004/06/17/story152812.html
"Bombers Kill 41 in Strikes on Iraqi Forces," 6/17/2004, Reuters, story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story2&u=/nm/20040617/ts_nm/riaq_dc; Suicide Bomber Kills 35 in Iraq," 6/17/2004, Examiner, breaking.examiner.ie/2004/06/17/story152812.html
"Pakistani PM Survives Suicide Bomb Attack," 7/31/2004, ABC, www.abc.net.au/newsitems/2004407/s1165952.htm; "Militant Group Claims Pakistan Suicide Attack, 8/1/2004, Columbia Daily, www.showmenews.com/2004/Aug/20040801News012.asp
"Four Killed, 50 Wounded in Suspected Iraq Suicide Attack," 8/1/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/0408801/1/3m464.html; "Blasts hit churches across Iraq, killing 11, wounding at least 50," 8/1/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=9ecd538efed03c8dc9194ed138a73d8e&_docnum=20&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=c164ee5511c6bf7b0d71a17e892f9e4d
"Attack on Iraq Police Academy Kills 25," 9/4/2004, CNN, www.cnn.com/2004/WORLD/meast/09/04/iraq.blast/index.html; "Violence Flares in Northern Iraq," 9/4/2004, BBC, news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3627092.stm
"Suicide bomber strikes police convoy in Baghdad," 9/17/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=5bd1cfa567a9a577cbc53d1d2f1ac689&_docnum=25&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=640acc72e820c3949a92ba11f949ecbf
"Suicide bomber targets Baghdad police: U.S. forces round up suspected militants," 9/17/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=f2feaaa848f45f65e800dda1cde4f80b&_docnum=26&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=c1a19a503bbcab3757ee9a043c711fad
"Twin Bombs Kill at Least 39 at Meeting of Radical Pakistani Sunnis," 10/7/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/041007/1/3nlwz.html; "Blast Kills 25 at Shiite Mosque in Pakistan," 10/1/2004, AP, www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,134179,00.html
"Three Car Bombs in Iraq Kill at Least 26," 10/4/2004, Reuters, www.reuters.com/newsArticle.jhtml;jsessionid=…; Two Blasts Rip Through Baghdad, Killing 21," 10/4/2004, AP, abcnews.go.com/wire/World/ap20041004_302.html
"Three Car Bombs in Iraq Kill at Least 26," 10/4/2004, Reuters, www.reuters.com/newsArticle.jhtml;jsessionid=…; Two Blasts Rip Through Baghdad, Killing 21," 10/4/2004, AP, abcnews.go.com/wire/World/ap20041004_302.html
"208 Deaths -- One Week's Tally -- in Iraq," 10/19/2004, Star Tribune, www.startribune.com/stories/1762/5037848.html; "Roadside Bombs, Suicide Attack Kill Six Soldiers, 10/13/2004, AP, www.maribetimes.com/story.php?f=1-292925-449644.php
"208 Deaths -- One Week's Tally -- in Iraq," 10/19/2004, Star Tribune, www.startribune.com/stories/1762/5037848.html; "Baghdad Bombers Hit Green Zone," 10/15/2004, Herald Tribune, P1
"208 Deaths -- One Week's Tally -- in Iraq," 10/19/2004, Star Tribune, www.startribune.com/stories/1762/5037848.html; www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/iraqi_casualties_oct04.htm
"Iraqis Ignore U.S. Vote Amid Bloodshed, Kidnapping," 11/3/2004, Reuters, www.reuters.com/newsArticle.jhtml?type=worldnews/tstoryid=67035358-pagenumber=1
"Three UK Soldiers Killed in Bomb Attack in Central Iraq," 11/5/2004, China View, news.xinhuanet.com/english/2004-11/05/content_2179281.htm; "Zarqawi group claims responsibility for killing three British soldiers south of Baghdad," 11/5/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=465bce0f0cff867a617a630ed4d62c59&_docnum=100&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=b7ca461df516581737651fd53954ed67
"Insurgents set off car bombs, attack police station in bloody assault on Samarra," 11/6/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=465bce0f0cff867a617a630ed4d62c59&_docnum=86&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=41637fde35b102a1a2a7621b05ba595c
"Two British soldiers injured in central Iraq, Briton killed near Basra," 11/7/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=91f07e24d91866e43541f487b013cbea&_docnum=73&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=684ba1a0793063134d2d78588e732f25
"Weapons sleuth Duelfer narrowly misses being killed in Iraq suicide car bombing," 11/9/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=91f07e24d91866e43541f487b013cbea&_docnum=62&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=2a803978d20eece552764bf78da53ce9
"Five US soldiers injured in car bombing in Mosul," 11/15/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=91f07e24d91866e43541f487b013cbea&_docnum=51&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=9da67ec02bc11ac4215d4e8a6094fc70
"Lewiston soldier dies in car bombing in Iraq," 11/18/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=340bbfb1284851ea04b9b1c037c8d883&_docnum=31&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=c8788d0768957db6dc03e893b71e758f
"10 Killed in Attack on US Convoy," 11/18/2004, Herald Tribune, P 7; "Suicide Bomber, Clashes in Iraq Kill 27," 11/17/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=340bbfb1284851ea04b9b1c037c8d883&_docnum=40&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=8263b0abf00af4a20dc9fcb870069ddc
"Car bomber in central Iraq town targets police station," 11/19/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=340bbfb1284851ea04b9b1c037c8d883&_docnum=28&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=62b59cbece15dd7084b74afa7a55249b
"Car bombs explode near police station and youth center, killing one bomber, injuring 10," 11/25/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=9f097f77d175629857e41e1dc35f3f80&_docnum=12&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=fca9289be69b0e5a2e4a33237cedeb64
"Insurgent attacks kill American soldiers, Iraqi police and guardsmen," 11/29/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=db981323f77538e5ad8304cadf50063c&_docnum=214&wchp=dGLbVzb-zSkVA&_md5=89af4907f865f272d304f2c5970534bc
"Suicide Bomber Rams US Convoy," 12/1/2004, Jerusalem Post, P?; "3 injured in suicide attack on Baghdad airport road," 12/1/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=2d19ff0a2bee7d29c8ad27f7e56749b9&_docnum=200&wchp=dGLbVzb-zSkVA&_md5=1d746b1b2454e2a041773e3bd927993c
"3 injured in suicide attack on Baghdad airport road," 12/1/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=2d19ff0a2bee7d29c8ad27f7e56749b9&_docnum=200&wchp=dGLbVzb-zSkVA&_md5=1d746b1b2454e2a041773e3bd927993c
"Suicide Bombers Crash into Mosque," 12/3/2004, CNN, www.cnn.com/2004/Worldmeast/12/03/iraq.main/; At least 26 Die in Baghdad Attacks as US Winds UP 'Death Triangle' Sweep, 12/4/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/041204/1/3p10t.html
"Car bombs in Baghdad, Mosul kill at least 16, bringing three-day death toll higher than 40," 12/4/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=2d19ff0a2bee7d29c8ad27f7e56749b9&_docnum=189&wchp=dGLbVzb-zSkVA&_md5=bcf108689a108ae466ed4bdfa982c8aa; "Suicide car bomb attacks Marines at Jordan border causing fatalities, spokesman says," 12/3/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=2d19ff0a2bee7d29c8ad27f7e56749b9&_docnum=190&wchp=dGLbVzb-zSkVA&_md5=31c0ed8dc8c000cfd6c905f9ca7527cf
"Suicide Bombers Strike in Iraq," 12/4/2004, BBCnews. News.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/4067795.stm; "Car bombs in Baghdad, Mosul kill at least 16, bringing three-day death toll higher than 40," 12/4/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=2d19ff0a2bee7d29c8ad27f7e56749b9&_docnum=189&wchp=dGLbVzb-zSkVA&_md5=bcf108689a108ae466ed4bdfa982c8aa
"Suicide Bombers Strike in Iraq," 12/4/2004, BBCnews. News.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/4067795.stm; "Car bombings in Baghdad, Mosul kill 14, mostly policemen and Kurdish militiamen," 12/4/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=fb61d56092c94afe363cb943f954ac4c&_docnum=178&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=daaac183c9e60af9fea8f99fe3f12446
"U.S. soldier sentenced to three years for killing Iraqi teen," 12/11/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=3997c26d3ccd5729944b4177e058707c&_docnum=170&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=bb766c071a04d07dadc0989698a8b93f
"Clashes in Baghdad, suicide bomber targets U.S. convoy in western Iraq; no coalition casualties," 12/12/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=3997c26d3ccd5729944b4177e058707c&_docnum=166&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=060a0353db361968a45b1a08d0190bdf
"Marine killed in Anbar, roadside bomb kills U.S. soldier," 12/12/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=3997c26d3ccd5729944b4177e058707c&_docnum=162&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=d5cb323a3b8b6cbf8505a60cb61451d8
"Blast Kills 13 Year After Saddam Capture," 12/13/2004, AP, story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story2&u=/ap/20041213/ap_on_re_mi_ea/iraq; "URGENT Suicide bomber strikes at gate to Green Zone," 12/13/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=3997c26d3ccd5729944b4177e058707c&_docnum=158&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=71afc17bc9c6fff8d032a30d7dc9109e
"Insurgents hit Baghdad's Green Zone with second suicide attack in two days, this time killing seven," 12/14/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=136a156dc663efff47379bdbb1afe582&_docnum=142&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=1d75f8538d4e6598b6a99e2f4001fac2
"A Car Bomb in Karbala IS Followed by Another in Najaf," 12/19/2004, NYT, www.nytimes.com/2004/12/19/international/middleeast/19wir…; "Car bombs hit Karbala and Najaf, killing at least 60 people; three election workers killed in Baghdad ambush,", 12/19/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=136a156dc663efff47379bdbb1afe582&_docnum=131&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=fbaa3b08223aaa208442c0e5a25b84b0
"Suicide bomber probably caused Iraq blast, Myers says," 12/22/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=b21f55d8e8e0f97239a37fe6708f114a&_docnum=114&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=a24f6b38a6e2bb244c8071dca1689ec8; "Suicide Bombing is Now Suspected in Mosul Attack," 12/23/2004, NYT, P1
"Suicide bombing using tanker truck kills 9 and wounds 14; Marines capture cell leaders loyal to al-Zarqawi," 12/25/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=a93ba405a560280b2761319e4fcd6cd9&_docnum=40&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=514d7b30bf5d0ba6052fd8c174d2a907
"Suicide bomber kills 15, wounds dozens in attack on top Iraqi Shiite political leader," 12/27/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=ced831addb11540c320667dc740d741f&_docnum=19&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=40c124d47b57bd669cdb2cc56508a550; "Al-Zarqawi's group claims responsibility for assassination attempt of prominent Shiite Muslim politician," 12/28/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=ced831addb11540c320667dc740d741f&_docnum=15&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=c7d046e1255d05c7c6f542a08c8cc682
"Large explosions rock central Riyadh; seven killed in shootout," 12/29/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=b14044af3385d9892a78276ad3420cee&_docnum=82&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=1ce0f67c72b4c840f371a205656f9b4f
"Yemini Arrested for Arbil Bombings Claimed by Group Linked to Al-Qaeda" 2/5/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040204/1/3hrpi.html; "Arbil Bombings Daeliest in Post-War Iraq as Death Toll Reaches 100," 2/4/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040203/1/3hqpf.html; "At Least 56 Dead in Iraq Suicide Bombing as Wolfowitz Arrives in Iraq," 2/2/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040201/1/3hoiw.html
"Palestinian Boy, 14, Got NIS 100, to Blow Up at IDF Roadblock," 3/25/2004, Haaretz and AP, www.haaretzdaily.com/hasen/spages/408359.html; "Hamas Backs Off on Threats Against U.S." 3/25/2004, AP, apnews.myway.com/articles/20040325/D81H8TP00.html
"At Least 68 Killed in Suicide Car Bombings in Basra Region of Southern Iraq," 4/22/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040421/1/3jnzq.html; "Eight Killed in Baghdad Blasts as US Raises Alarm Over Troop Shortage," 2/24/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040424/1/3jqjw.html
"Saudi Suicide Bomb Kills 9," 4/21/2004/ CNN, www.cnn.com/2004/World/meast/04/21/saudi.blast/index.html; "Security Building in Saudi Captial is Wrecked by Bombs," 4/21/2004, NYT, www.nytimes.com/2004/04/21/international/middleeast/21CND-SAUD.html
"Saudis Outrages by Ryadh Suicide Car Bombing," 4/22/2004, Reuters, www.reuters.com/newsArticle.jhtml?type=worldnews&storyID=4910879; "Eight Killed in Baghdad Blasts as US Raises Alarm Over Troop Shortage," 2/24/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040424/1/3jqjw.html
"Four Killed, 50 Wounded in Suspected Iraq Suicide Attack," 8/1/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/0408801/1/3m464.html; "Blasts hit churches across Iraq, killing 11, wounding at least 50," 8/1/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=9ecd538efed03c8dc9194ed138a73d8e&_docnum=20&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=c164ee5511c6bf7b0d71a17e892f9e4d
"Suicide bomber strikes police convoy in Baghdad," 9/17/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=5bd1cfa567a9a577cbc53d1d2f1ac689&_docnum=25&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=640acc72e820c3949a92ba11f949ecbf
"Suicide bomber targets Baghdad police: U.S. forces round up suspected militants," 9/17/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=f2feaaa848f45f65e800dda1cde4f80b&_docnum=26&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=c1a19a503bbcab3757ee9a043c711fad
"Three UK Soldiers Killed in Bomb Attack in Central Iraq," 11/5/2004, China View, news.xinhuanet.com/english/2004-11/05/content_2179281.htm; "Zarqawi group claims responsibility for killing three British soldiers south of Baghdad," 11/5/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=465bce0f0cff867a617a630ed4d62c59&_docnum=100&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=b7ca461df516581737651fd53954ed67
"Insurgents set off car bombs, attack police station in bloody assault on Samarra," 11/6/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=465bce0f0cff867a617a630ed4d62c59&_docnum=86&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=41637fde35b102a1a2a7621b05ba595c
"Two British soldiers injured in central Iraq, Briton killed near Basra," 11/7/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=91f07e24d91866e43541f487b013cbea&_docnum=73&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=684ba1a0793063134d2d78588e732f25
"Weapons sleuth Duelfer narrowly misses being killed in Iraq suicide car bombing," 11/9/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=91f07e24d91866e43541f487b013cbea&_docnum=62&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=2a803978d20eece552764bf78da53ce9
"Five US soldiers injured in car bombing in Mosul," 11/15/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=91f07e24d91866e43541f487b013cbea&_docnum=51&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=9da67ec02bc11ac4215d4e8a6094fc70
"Lewiston soldier dies in car bombing in Iraq," 11/18/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=340bbfb1284851ea04b9b1c037c8d883&_docnum=31&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=c8788d0768957db6dc03e893b71e758f
"10 Killed in Attack on US Convoy," 11/18/2004, Herald Tribune, P 7; "Suicide Bomber, Clashes in Iraq Kill 27," 11/17/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=340bbfb1284851ea04b9b1c037c8d883&_docnum=40&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=8263b0abf00af4a20dc9fcb870069ddc
"Car bomber in central Iraq town targets police station," 11/19/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=340bbfb1284851ea04b9b1c037c8d883&_docnum=28&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=62b59cbece15dd7084b74afa7a55249b
"Car bombs explode near police station and youth center, killing one bomber, injuring 10," 11/25/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=9f097f77d175629857e41e1dc35f3f80&_docnum=12&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=fca9289be69b0e5a2e4a33237cedeb64
"Insurgent attacks kill American soldiers, Iraqi police and guardsmen," 11/29/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=db981323f77538e5ad8304cadf50063c&_docnum=214&wchp=dGLbVzb-zSkVA&_md5=89af4907f865f272d304f2c5970534bc
"Suicide Bomber Rams US Convoy," 12/1/2004, Jerusalem Post, P?; "3 injured in suicide attack on Baghdad airport road," 12/1/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=2d19ff0a2bee7d29c8ad27f7e56749b9&_docnum=200&wchp=dGLbVzb-zSkVA&_md5=1d746b1b2454e2a041773e3bd927993c
"3 injured in suicide attack on Baghdad airport road," 12/1/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=2d19ff0a2bee7d29c8ad27f7e56749b9&_docnum=200&wchp=dGLbVzb-zSkVA&_md5=1d746b1b2454e2a041773e3bd927993c
"Car bombs in Baghdad, Mosul kill at least 16, bringing three-day death toll higher than 40," 12/4/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=2d19ff0a2bee7d29c8ad27f7e56749b9&_docnum=189&wchp=dGLbVzb-zSkVA&_md5=bcf108689a108ae466ed4bdfa982c8aa; "Suicide car bomb attacks Marines at Jordan border causing fatalities, spokesman says," 12/3/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=2d19ff0a2bee7d29c8ad27f7e56749b9&_docnum=190&wchp=dGLbVzb-zSkVA&_md5=31c0ed8dc8c000cfd6c905f9ca7527cf
"Suicide Bombers Strike in Iraq," 12/4/2004, BBCnews. News.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/4067795.stm; "Car bombs in Baghdad, Mosul kill at least 16, bringing three-day death toll higher than 40," 12/4/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=2d19ff0a2bee7d29c8ad27f7e56749b9&_docnum=189&wchp=dGLbVzb-zSkVA&_md5=bcf108689a108ae466ed4bdfa982c8aa
"Suicide Bombers Strike in Iraq," 12/4/2004, BBCnews. News.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/4067795.stm; "Car bombings in Baghdad, Mosul kill 14, mostly policemen and Kurdish militiamen," 12/4/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=fb61d56092c94afe363cb943f954ac4c&_docnum=178&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=daaac183c9e60af9fea8f99fe3f12446
"U.S. soldier sentenced to three years for killing Iraqi teen," 12/11/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=3997c26d3ccd5729944b4177e058707c&_docnum=170&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=bb766c071a04d07dadc0989698a8b93f
"Clashes in Baghdad, suicide bomber targets U.S. convoy in western Iraq; no coalition casualties," 12/12/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=3997c26d3ccd5729944b4177e058707c&_docnum=166&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=060a0353db361968a45b1a08d0190bdf
"Marine killed in Anbar, roadside bomb kills U.S. soldier," 12/12/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=3997c26d3ccd5729944b4177e058707c&_docnum=162&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=d5cb323a3b8b6cbf8505a60cb61451d8
"Blast Kills 13 Year After Saddam Capture," 12/13/2004, AP, story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story2&u=/ap/20041213/ap_on_re_mi_ea/iraq; "URGENT Suicide bomber strikes at gate to Green Zone," 12/13/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=3997c26d3ccd5729944b4177e058707c&_docnum=158&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=71afc17bc9c6fff8d032a30d7dc9109e
"Insurgents hit Baghdad's Green Zone with second suicide attack in two days, this time killing seven," 12/14/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=136a156dc663efff47379bdbb1afe582&_docnum=142&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=1d75f8538d4e6598b6a99e2f4001fac2
"A Car Bomb in Karbala IS Followed by Another in Najaf," 12/19/2004, NYT, www.nytimes.com/2004/12/19/international/middleeast/19wir…; "Car bombs hit Karbala and Najaf, killing at least 60 people; three election workers killed in Baghdad ambush,", 12/19/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=136a156dc663efff47379bdbb1afe582&_docnum=131&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=fbaa3b08223aaa208442c0e5a25b84b0
"Suicide bomber probably caused Iraq blast, Myers says," 12/22/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=b21f55d8e8e0f97239a37fe6708f114a&_docnum=114&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=a24f6b38a6e2bb244c8071dca1689ec8; "Suicide Bombing is Now Suspected in Mosul Attack," 12/23/2004, NYT, P1
"Suicide bombing using tanker truck kills 9 and wounds 14; Marines capture cell leaders loyal to al-Zarqawi," 12/25/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=a93ba405a560280b2761319e4fcd6cd9&_docnum=40&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=514d7b30bf5d0ba6052fd8c174d2a907
"Suicide bomber kills 15, wounds dozens in attack on top Iraqi Shiite political leader," 12/27/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=ced831addb11540c320667dc740d741f&_docnum=19&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=40c124d47b57bd669cdb2cc56508a550; "Al-Zarqawi's group claims responsibility for assassination attempt of prominent Shiite Muslim politician," 12/28/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=ced831addb11540c320667dc740d741f&_docnum=15&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=c7d046e1255d05c7c6f542a08c8cc682
"Large explosions rock central Riyadh; seven killed in shootout," 12/29/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=b14044af3385d9892a78276ad3420cee&_docnum=82&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=1ce0f67c72b4c840f371a205656f9b4f
"Yemini Arrested for Arbil Bombings Claimed by Group Linked to Al-Qaeda" 2/5/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040204/1/3hrpi.html; "Arbil Bombings Daeliest in Post-War Iraq as Death Toll Reaches 100," 2/4/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040203/1/3hqpf.html; "At Least 56 Dead in Iraq Suicide Bombing as Wolfowitz Arrives in Iraq," 2/2/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040201/1/3hoiw.html
"Four Killed, 50 Wounded in Suspected Iraq Suicide Attack," 8/1/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/0408801/1/3m464.html; "Blasts hit churches across Iraq, killing 11, wounding at least 50," 8/1/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=9ecd538efed03c8dc9194ed138a73d8e&_docnum=20&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=c164ee5511c6bf7b0d71a17e892f9e4d
"Three UK Soldiers Killed in Bomb Attack in Central Iraq," 11/5/2004, China View, news.xinhuanet.com/english/2004-11/05/content_2179281.htm; "Zarqawi group claims responsibility for killing three British soldiers south of Baghdad," 11/5/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=465bce0f0cff867a617a630ed4d62c59&_docnum=100&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=b7ca461df516581737651fd53954ed67
"Car bombs in Baghdad, Mosul kill at least 16, bringing three-day death toll higher than 40," 12/4/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=2d19ff0a2bee7d29c8ad27f7e56749b9&_docnum=189&wchp=dGLbVzb-zSkVA&_md5=bcf108689a108ae466ed4bdfa982c8aa; "Suicide car bomb attacks Marines at Jordan border causing fatalities, spokesman says," 12/3/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=2d19ff0a2bee7d29c8ad27f7e56749b9&_docnum=190&wchp=dGLbVzb-zSkVA&_md5=31c0ed8dc8c000cfd6c905f9ca7527cf
"Suicide Bombers Strike in Iraq," 12/4/2004, BBCnews. News.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/4067795.stm; "Car bombs in Baghdad, Mosul kill at least 16, bringing three-day death toll higher than 40," 12/4/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=2d19ff0a2bee7d29c8ad27f7e56749b9&_docnum=189&wchp=dGLbVzb-zSkVA&_md5=bcf108689a108ae466ed4bdfa982c8aa
"Suicide Bombers Strike in Iraq," 12/4/2004, BBCnews. News.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/4067795.stm; "Car bombings in Baghdad, Mosul kill 14, mostly policemen and Kurdish militiamen," 12/4/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=fb61d56092c94afe363cb943f954ac4c&_docnum=178&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=daaac183c9e60af9fea8f99fe3f12446
"Blast Kills 13 Year After Saddam Capture," 12/13/2004, AP, story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story2&u=/ap/20041213/ap_on_re_mi_ea/iraq; "URGENT Suicide bomber strikes at gate to Green Zone," 12/13/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=3997c26d3ccd5729944b4177e058707c&_docnum=158&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=71afc17bc9c6fff8d032a30d7dc9109e
"A Car Bomb in Karbala IS Followed by Another in Najaf," 12/19/2004, NYT, www.nytimes.com/2004/12/19/international/middleeast/19wir…; "Car bombs hit Karbala and Najaf, killing at least 60 people; three election workers killed in Baghdad ambush,", 12/19/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=136a156dc663efff47379bdbb1afe582&_docnum=131&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=fbaa3b08223aaa208442c0e5a25b84b0
"Suicide bomber kills 15, wounds dozens in attack on top Iraqi Shiite political leader," 12/27/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=ced831addb11540c320667dc740d741f&_docnum=19&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=40c124d47b57bd669cdb2cc56508a550; "Al-Zarqawi's group claims responsibility for assassination attempt of prominent Shiite Muslim politician," 12/28/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=ced831addb11540c320667dc740d741f&_docnum=15&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=c7d046e1255d05c7c6f542a08c8cc682
"Car bombs in Baghdad, Mosul kill at least 16, bringing three-day death toll higher than 40," 12/4/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=2d19ff0a2bee7d29c8ad27f7e56749b9&_docnum=189&wchp=dGLbVzb-zSkVA&_md5=bcf108689a108ae466ed4bdfa982c8aa; "Suicide car bomb attacks Marines at Jordan border causing fatalities, spokesman says," 12/3/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=2d19ff0a2bee7d29c8ad27f7e56749b9&_docnum=190&wchp=dGLbVzb-zSkVA&_md5=31c0ed8dc8c000cfd6c905f9ca7527cf
"A Car Bomb in Karbala IS Followed by Another in Najaf," 12/19/2004, NYT, www.nytimes.com/2004/12/19/international/middleeast/19wir…; "Car bombs hit Karbala and Najaf, killing at least 60 people; three election workers killed in Baghdad ambush,", 12/19/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=136a156dc663efff47379bdbb1afe582&_docnum=131&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=fbaa3b08223aaa208442c0e5a25b84b0
"Suicide bomber kills 15, wounds dozens in attack on top Iraqi Shiite political leader," 12/27/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=ced831addb11540c320667dc740d741f&_docnum=19&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=40c124d47b57bd669cdb2cc56508a550; "Al-Zarqawi's group claims responsibility for assassination attempt of prominent Shiite Muslim politician," 12/28/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=ced831addb11540c320667dc740d741f&_docnum=15&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=c7d046e1255d05c7c6f542a08c8cc682
"Car bombs in Baghdad, Mosul kill at least 16, bringing three-day death toll higher than 40," 12/4/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=2d19ff0a2bee7d29c8ad27f7e56749b9&_docnum=189&wchp=dGLbVzb-zSkVA&_md5=bcf108689a108ae466ed4bdfa982c8aa; "Suicide car bomb attacks Marines at Jordan border causing fatalities, spokesman says," 12/3/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=2d19ff0a2bee7d29c8ad27f7e56749b9&_docnum=190&wchp=dGLbVzb-zSkVA&_md5=31c0ed8dc8c000cfd6c905f9ca7527cf
"Suicide bomber kills 15, wounds dozens in attack on top Iraqi Shiite political leader," 12/27/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=ced831addb11540c320667dc740d741f&_docnum=19&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=40c124d47b57bd669cdb2cc56508a550; "Al-Zarqawi's group claims responsibility for assassination attempt of prominent Shiite Muslim politician," 12/28/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=ced831addb11540c320667dc740d741f&_docnum=15&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=c7d046e1255d05c7c6f542a08c8cc682
Database for Suicide Attacks in Iraq, 2003-2004
Compiled by Scott Helfstein and Scott Atran
We used “suicide attack” as a proxy for “terrorist attack” because suicide attacks are usually easy to identify as attacks aimed at causing terror. A drawback is that suicide attacks do not always involve the targeting of non-combatants or “innocent civilians” – categories that figure as critical elements in the PMPT and U.N. notions of what target of an attack to be to qualify as a terrorist event. Nevertheless, the law enforcement agencies of all members of “The Community of Democracies” consider suicide attack to be a clear case of terrorism.
For 2004, attacks were compiled from press reports, concentrating on Associated Press (AP) sources, and these were compared to entries in the database used by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, MIPT (National Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism). There were a number of discrepancies with MIPT, which also uses open press sources, and further checking of sources favors the reliability of our data over the MIPT for 2004 (the MIPT data can be found on the PMPT’s dedicated website).
An attack was deemed a suicide attack if any of the following conditions were evident from the reports:
1. An organization claimed responsibility for the attack as a “martyrdom operation.”
2. The perpetrator(s) of the attack detonated and explosive device and killed themselves in the attack.
Note: In our database for worldwide suicide attacks we occasionally consider shooting attacks to be suicide attacks if the organization sponsoring the attack specifically claims the attack as a martyrdom operation, or if there is other evidence (e.g., from police or military sources) that the attackers intended to die in the attack (such incidents occur primarily in the Kashmir and Palestine theaters). For Iraq, however, we have not come across such cases.
Suicide attacks were analyzed according to the following criteria:
1. The date an attack occurred.
2. Closest city, town or village in which the attack occurred.
3. Number of separate incidents involved in the attack (e.g., if there were explosions in three different areas of the city, then 3 incidents were counted).
4. The number of attackers involved.
5. Place of the attack (police station, checkpoint, mosque, rally, funeral, etc.).
6. “Revisit” (yes = 1, no = 0) if sources need additional checking.
7. “Separable” (yes = 1, no = 0) when the breakout between categories in (8) below are not wholly transparent from the sources.
8. Categories of persons killed in the attack (Non-US Police and Military, US Military, Non-US Civilian, US Civilian, Attackers).
9. Total number of dead in the attack.
10. Total number of wounded in the attack.
11. Whether (yes = 1) or not (no = 0) the attack was made by a group explicitly claiming a religious mission for the attack.
12. The group claiming responsibility for the attack, or to which police and military sources have attributed the attack (note: when attribution is mainly conjectural, with no supporting evidence presented, credence is not given to the attribution and no group is listed).
13. Where the information about the attack comes from (title, date, source, website).
The first suicide attack in Iraq – perhaps since the time of the Assassins in the 13th century – occurred on March 29, 2003 in Halabja (where chemical weapons had been infamously used against Kurds in the 1980s). Although the attack by the Jihadi grou Al-Ansar occurred shortly before the U.S. incursion into Iraq, it was probably aimed at Kurds for supporting the U.S. administration’s call for preparations for war. Attacks in 2003 concentrated on U.S. and coalition forces, Iraqi police forces empowered by the U.S.-led coalition, relief efforts (U.N., Red Cross), local coalition allies (Kurds), a coalition-protected hotel, and a Shi’ite mosque.
In 2004, there were 104 incidents (significantly more than MIPT). Total attackers were 121, 118 actually died in the attacks. There are 359 Non-US Pol/Mil, 35 US Mil, 559 Non-US Civ, and 12 US Civ. Total casualties = 1083. Total wounded (perhaps with some missing data) = 2171. Overall, suicide attacks in 2004 were not very effective against US soldiers; the casualty rate was low. This is so despite the fact that US military convoys were a favorite target. In contrast, attacks were very effective against Iraqi police and national guard. Police stations, checkpoints and recruiting stations were favorite targets, often yielding high casualties.
We have not yet compiled figures for 2005; however, our preliminary review suggests agreement with the recent statement of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, U.S. Air Force General Richard Myers, that insurgent attacks in Iraq “are right now where they were almost a year ago” (“U.S. says insurgency undiminished in past year,” Reuters wire, April 26, 2004). Since this time last year, attacks appear increasingly aimed (and successful) at inflicting damage on the political, economic and military/police infrastructure of the coalition-backed new Iraqi government.
We used “suicide attack” as a proxy for “terrorist attack” because suicide attacks are usually easy to identify as attacks aimed at causing terror. A drawback is that suicide attacks do not always involve the targeting of non-combatants or “innocent civilians” – categories that figure as critical elements in the PMPT and U.N. notions of what target of an attack to be to qualify as a terrorist event. Nevertheless, the law enforcement agencies of all members of “The Community of Democracies” consider suicide attack to be a clear case of terrorism.
For 2004, attacks were compiled from press reports, concentrating on Associated Press (AP) sources, and these were compared to entries in the database used by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, MIPT (National Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism). There were a number of discrepancies with MIPT, which also uses open press sources, and further checking of sources favors the reliability of our data over the MIPT for 2004 (the MIPT data can be found on the PMPT’s dedicated website).
An attack was deemed a suicide attack if any of the following conditions were evident from the reports:
2. The perpetrator(s) of the attack detonated and explosive device and killed themselves in the attack.
Note: In our database for worldwide suicide attacks we occasionally consider shooting attacks to be suicide attacks if the organization sponsoring the attack specifically claims the attack as a martyrdom operation, or if there is other evidence (e.g., from police or military sources) that the attackers intended to die in the attack (such incidents occur primarily in the Kashmir and Palestine theaters). For Iraq, however, we have not come across such cases.
3. Number of separate incidents involved in the attack (e.g., if there were explosions in three different areas of the city, then 3 incidents were counted).
7. “Separable” (yes = 1, no = 0) when the breakout between categories in (8) below are not wholly transparent from the sources.
8. Categories of persons killed in the attack (Non-US Police and Military, US Military, Non-US Civilian, US Civilian, Attackers).
11. Whether (yes = 1) or not (no = 0) the attack was made by a group explicitly claiming a religious mission for the attack.
12. The group claiming responsibility for the attack, or to which police and military sources have attributed the attack (note: when attribution is mainly conjectural, with no supporting evidence presented, credence is not given to the attribution and no group is listed).
The first suicide attack in Iraq – perhaps since the time of the Assassins in the 13th century – occurred on March 29, 2003 in Halabja (where chemical weapons had been infamously used against Kurds in the 1980s). Although the attack by the Jihadi grou Al-Ansar occurred shortly before the U.S. incursion into Iraq, it was probably aimed at Kurds for supporting the U.S. administration’s call for preparations for war. Attacks in 2003 concentrated on U.S. and coalition forces, Iraqi police forces empowered by the U.S.-led coalition, relief efforts (U.N., Red Cross), local coalition allies (Kurds), a coalition-protected hotel, and a Shi’ite mosque.
In 2004, there were 104 incidents (significantly more than MIPT). Total attackers were 121, 118 actually died in the attacks. There are 359 Non-US Pol/Mil, 35 US Mil, 559 Non-US Civ, and 12 US Civ. Total casualties = 1083. Total wounded (perhaps with some missing data) = 2171. Overall, suicide attacks in 2004 were not very effective against US soldiers; the casualty rate was low. This is so despite the fact that US military convoys were a favorite target. In contrast, attacks were very effective against Iraqi police and national guard. Police stations, checkpoints and recruiting stations were favorite targets, often yielding high casualties.
We have not yet compiled figures for 2005; however, our preliminary review suggests agreement with the recent statement of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, U.S. Air Force General Richard Myers, that insurgent attacks in Iraq “are right now where they were almost a year ago” (“U.S. says insurgency undiminished in past year,” Reuters wire, April 26, 2004). Since this time last year, attacks appear increasingly aimed (and successful) at inflicting damage on the political, economic and military/police infrastructure of the coalition-backed new Iraqi government.
We used “suicide attack” as a proxy for “terrorist attack” because suicide attacks are usually easy to identify as attacks aimed at causing terror. A drawback is that suicide attacks do not always involve the targeting of non-combatants or “innocent civilians” – categories that figure as critical elements in the PMPT and U.N. notions of what target of an attack to be to qualify as a terrorist event. Nevertheless, the law enforcement agencies of all members of “The Community of Democracies” consider suicide attack to be a clear case of terrorism.
For 2004, attacks were compiled from press reports, concentrating on Associated Press (AP) sources, and these were compared to entries in the database used by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, MIPT (National Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism). There were a number of discrepancies with MIPT, which also uses open press sources, and further checking of sources favors the reliability of our data over the MIPT for 2004 (the MIPT data can be found on the PMPT’s dedicated website).
Note: In our database for worldwide suicide attacks we occasionally consider shooting attacks to be suicide attacks if the organization sponsoring the attack specifically claims the attack as a martyrdom operation, or if there is other evidence (e.g., from police or military sources) that the attackers intended to die in the attack (such incidents occur primarily in the Kashmir and Palestine theaters). For Iraq, however, we have not come across such cases.
12. The group claiming responsibility for the attack, or to which police and military sources have attributed the attack (note: when attribution is mainly conjectural, with no supporting evidence presented, credence is not given to the attribution and no group is listed).
The first suicide attack in Iraq – perhaps since the time of the Assassins in the 13th century – occurred on March 29, 2003 in Halabja (where chemical weapons had been infamously used against Kurds in the 1980s). Although the attack by the Jihadi grou Al-Ansar occurred shortly before the U.S. incursion into Iraq, it was probably aimed at Kurds for supporting the U.S. administration’s call for preparations for war. Attacks in 2003 concentrated on U.S. and coalition forces, Iraqi police forces empowered by the U.S.-led coalition, relief efforts (U.N., Red Cross), local coalition allies (Kurds), a coalition-protected hotel, and a Shi’ite mosque.
In 2004, there were 104 incidents (significantly more than MIPT). Total attackers were 121, 118 actually died in the attacks. There are 359 Non-US Pol/Mil, 35 US Mil, 559 Non-US Civ, and 12 US Civ. Total casualties = 1083. Total wounded (perhaps with some missing data) = 2171. Overall, suicide attacks in 2004 were not very effective against US soldiers; the casualty rate was low. This is so despite the fact that US military convoys were a favorite target. In contrast, attacks were very effective against Iraqi police and national guard. Police stations, checkpoints and recruiting stations were favorite targets, often yielding high casualties.
We have not yet compiled figures for 2005; however, our preliminary review suggests agreement with the recent statement of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, U.S. Air Force General Richard Myers, that insurgent attacks in Iraq “are right now where they were almost a year ago” (“U.S. says insurgency undiminished in past year,” Reuters wire, April 26, 2004). Since this time last year, attacks appear increasingly aimed (and successful) at inflicting damage on the political, economic and military/police infrastructure of the coalition-backed new Iraqi government.
We used “suicide attack” as a proxy for “terrorist attack” because suicide attacks are usually easy to identify as attacks aimed at causing terror. A drawback is that suicide attacks do not always involve the targeting of non-combatants or “innocent civilians” – categories that figure as critical elements in the PMPT and U.N. notions of what target of an attack to be to qualify as a terrorist event. Nevertheless, the law enforcement agencies of all members of “The Community of Democracies” consider suicide attack to be a clear case of terrorism.
For 2004, attacks were compiled from press reports, concentrating on Associated Press (AP) sources, and these were compared to entries in the database used by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, MIPT (National Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism). There were a number of discrepancies with MIPT, which also uses open press sources, and further checking of sources favors the reliability of our data over the MIPT for 2004 (the MIPT data can be found on the PMPT’s dedicated website).
Note: In our database for worldwide suicide attacks we occasionally consider shooting attacks to be suicide attacks if the organization sponsoring the attack specifically claims the attack as a martyrdom operation, or if there is other evidence (e.g., from police or military sources) that the attackers intended to die in the attack (such incidents occur primarily in the Kashmir and Palestine theaters). For Iraq, however, we have not come across such cases.
The first suicide attack in Iraq – perhaps since the time of the Assassins in the 13th century – occurred on March 29, 2003 in Halabja (where chemical weapons had been infamously used against Kurds in the 1980s). Although the attack by the Jihadi grou Al-Ansar occurred shortly before the U.S. incursion into Iraq, it was probably aimed at Kurds for supporting the U.S. administration’s call for preparations for war. Attacks in 2003 concentrated on U.S. and coalition forces, Iraqi police forces empowered by the U.S.-led coalition, relief efforts (U.N., Red Cross), local coalition allies (Kurds), a coalition-protected hotel, and a Shi’ite mosque.
In 2004, there were 104 incidents (significantly more than MIPT). Total attackers were 121, 118 actually died in the attacks. There are 359 Non-US Pol/Mil, 35 US Mil, 559 Non-US Civ, and 12 US Civ. Total casualties = 1083. Total wounded (perhaps with some missing data) = 2171. Overall, suicide attacks in 2004 were not very effective against US soldiers; the casualty rate was low. This is so despite the fact that US military convoys were a favorite target. In contrast, attacks were very effective against Iraqi police and national guard. Police stations, checkpoints and recruiting stations were favorite targets, often yielding high casualties.
We have not yet compiled figures for 2005; however, our preliminary review suggests agreement with the recent statement of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, U.S. Air Force General Richard Myers, that insurgent attacks in Iraq “are right now where they were almost a year ago” (“U.S. says insurgency undiminished in past year,” Reuters wire, April 26, 2004). Since this time last year, attacks appear increasingly aimed (and successful) at inflicting damage on the political, economic and military/police infrastructure of the coalition-backed new Iraqi government.
We used “suicide attack” as a proxy for “terrorist attack” because suicide attacks are usually easy to identify as attacks aimed at causing terror. A drawback is that suicide attacks do not always involve the targeting of non-combatants or “innocent civilians” – categories that figure as critical elements in the PMPT and U.N. notions of what target of an attack to be to qualify as a terrorist event. Nevertheless, the law enforcement agencies of all members of “The Community of Democracies” consider suicide attack to be a clear case of terrorism.
For 2004, attacks were compiled from press reports, concentrating on Associated Press (AP) sources, and these were compared to entries in the database used by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, MIPT (National Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism). There were a number of discrepancies with MIPT, which also uses open press sources, and further checking of sources favors the reliability of our data over the MIPT for 2004 (the MIPT data can be found on the PMPT’s dedicated website).
Note: In our database for worldwide suicide attacks we occasionally consider shooting attacks to be suicide attacks if the organization sponsoring the attack specifically claims the attack as a martyrdom operation, or if there is other evidence (e.g., from police or military sources) that the attackers intended to die in the attack (such incidents occur primarily in the Kashmir and Palestine theaters). For Iraq, however, we have not come across such cases.
The first suicide attack in Iraq – perhaps since the time of the Assassins in the 13th century – occurred on March 29, 2003 in Halabja (where chemical weapons had been infamously used against Kurds in the 1980s). Although the attack by the Jihadi grou Al-Ansar occurred shortly before the U.S. incursion into Iraq, it was probably aimed at Kurds for supporting the U.S. administration’s call for preparations for war. Attacks in 2003 concentrated on U.S. and coalition forces, Iraqi police forces empowered by the U.S.-led coalition, relief efforts (U.N., Red Cross), local coalition allies (Kurds), a coalition-protected hotel, and a Shi’ite mosque.
In 2004, there were 104 incidents (significantly more than MIPT). Total attackers were 121, 118 actually died in the attacks. There are 359 Non-US Pol/Mil, 35 US Mil, 559 Non-US Civ, and 12 US Civ. Total casualties = 1083. Total wounded (perhaps with some missing data) = 2171. Overall, suicide attacks in 2004 were not very effective against US soldiers; the casualty rate was low. This is so despite the fact that US military convoys were a favorite target. In contrast, attacks were very effective against Iraqi police and national guard. Police stations, checkpoints and recruiting stations were favorite targets, often yielding high casualties.
We have not yet compiled figures for 2005; however, our preliminary review suggests agreement with the recent statement of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, U.S. Air Force General Richard Myers, that insurgent attacks in Iraq “are right now where they were almost a year ago” (“U.S. says insurgency undiminished in past year,” Reuters wire, April 26, 2004). Since this time last year, attacks appear increasingly aimed (and successful) at inflicting damage on the political, economic and military/police infrastructure of the coalition-backed new Iraqi government.
We used “suicide attack” as a proxy for “terrorist attack” because suicide attacks are usually easy to identify as attacks aimed at causing terror. A drawback is that suicide attacks do not always involve the targeting of non-combatants or “innocent civilians” – categories that figure as critical elements in the PMPT and U.N. notions of what target of an attack to be to qualify as a terrorist event. Nevertheless, the law enforcement agencies of all members of “The Community of Democracies” consider suicide attack to be a clear case of terrorism.
For 2004, attacks were compiled from press reports, concentrating on Associated Press (AP) sources, and these were compared to entries in the database used by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, MIPT (National Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism). There were a number of discrepancies with MIPT, which also uses open press sources, and further checking of sources favors the reliability of our data over the MIPT for 2004 (the MIPT data can be found on the PMPT’s dedicated website).
The first suicide attack in Iraq – perhaps since the time of the Assassins in the 13th
century – occurred on March 29, 2003 in Halabja (where chemical weapons had been infamously used against Kurds in the 1980s). Although the attack by the Jihadi grou Al-Ansar occurred shortly before the U.S. incursion into Iraq, it was probably aimed at Kurds for supporting the U.S. administration’s call for preparations for war. Attacks in 2003 concentrated on U.S. and coalition forces, Iraqi police forces empowered by the U.S.-led coalition, relief efforts (U.N., Red Cross), local coalition allies (Kurds), a coalition-protected hotel, and a Shi’ite mosque.
In 2004, there were 104 incidents (significantly more than MIPT). Total attackers were 121, 118 actually died in the attacks. There are 359 Non-US Pol/Mil, 35 US Mil, 559 Non-US Civ, and 12 US Civ. Total casualties = 1083. Total wounded (perhaps with some missing data) = 2171. Overall, suicide attacks in 2004 were not very effective against US soldiers; the casualty rate was low. This is so despite the fact that US military convoys were a favorite target. In contrast, attacks were very effective against Iraqi police and national guard. Police stations, checkpoints and recruiting stations were favorite targets, often yielding high casualties.
We have not yet compiled figures for 2005; however, our preliminary review suggests agreement with the recent statement of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, U.S. Air Force General Richard Myers, that insurgent attacks in Iraq “are right now where they were almost a year ago” (“U.S. says insurgency undiminished in past year,” Reuters wire, April 26, 2004). Since this time last year, attacks appear increasingly aimed (and successful) at inflicting damage on the political, economic and military/police infrastructure of the coalition-backed new Iraqi government.
The first suicide attack in Iraq – perhaps since the time of the Assassins in the 13th century – occurred on March 29, 2003 in Halabja (where chemical weapons had been infamously used against Kurds in the 1980s). Although the attack by the Jihadi grou Al-Ansar occurred shortly before the U.S. incursion into Iraq, it was probably aimed at Kurds for supporting the U.S. administration’s call for preparations for war. Attacks in 2003 concentrated on U.S. and coalition forces, Iraqi police forces empowered by the U.S.-led coalition, relief efforts (U.N., Red Cross), local coalition allies (Kurds), a coalition-protected hotel, and a Shi’ite mosque.
In 2004, there were 104 incidents (significantly more than MIPT). Total attackers were 121, 118 actually died in the attacks. There are 359 Non-US Pol/Mil, 35 US Mil, 559 Non-US Civ, and 12 US Civ. Total casualties = 1083. Total wounded (perhaps with some missing data) = 2171. Overall, suicide attacks in 2004 were not very effective against US soldiers; the casualty rate was low. This is so despite the fact that US military convoys were a favorite target. In contrast, attacks were very effective against Iraqi police and national guard. Police stations, checkpoints and recruiting stations were favorite targets, often yielding high casualties.
We have not yet compiled figures for 2005; however, our preliminary review suggests agreement with the recent statement of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, U.S. Air Force General Richard Myers, that insurgent attacks in Iraq “are right now where they were almost a year ago” (“U.S. says insurgency undiminished in past year,” Reuters wire, April 26, 2004). Since this time last year, attacks appear increasingly aimed (and successful) at inflicting damage on the political, economic and military/police infrastructure of the coalition-backed new Iraqi government.
Global Suicide Bombing Database - 2004 and YTD 2005
Scott Atran and Scott Helfstein
Date Country City Incidents # of Attackers Place Revisit Separable
1/4/2004 Iraq Baqouba 1 1 Police Station 0 0
1/18/2004 Iraq Baghdad 1 1 Coalition HQ 0 1
1/24/2004 Iraq Baghdad 1 1 Checkpoint 0 1
1/28/2004 Iraq Baghdad 1 1 Hotel 0 1
1/31/2004 Iraq Mosul 1 1 Police Station 0 1
2/1/2004 Iraq Arbil 1 2 Kurdish Political Party Offices1 0
2/10/2004 Iraq Iskandariya (Baghdad)1 1 Police Station 1 0
2/11/2004 Iraq Baghdad 1 1 Army Recruiting Center1 0
0 1 1 0 "Bombing at US Gaghdad Base Kills 25 in Blow to Hopes of UN Return," 1/19/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040118/1/3hcp9.html
0 1 1 0 "US Soldier Dies in Iraq; Thousands Protest in Tokyo Against Deployment," 1/25/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040125/1/3hi25.html
0 1 1 0 "Five Plus Bomber Killed in Baghdad Blast," 1/29/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040128/1/3hfkyf.html
0 1 1 0 "Three US Soldiers, Four Paslestinians, 11 Iraqis, Killed on Eve of Fest," 2/1/2004, sg.news.yahoo.com/040131/1/3hoar.html
0 0 Links to Al-Qaeda (perhaps Ansar-al-Islam)1 0 "Yemini Arrested for Arbil Bombings Claimed by Group Linked to Al-Qaeda" 2/5/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040204/1/3hrpi.html; "Arbil Bombings Daeliest in Post-War Iraq as Death Toll Reaches 100," 2/4/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040203/1/3hqpf.html; "At Least 56 Dead in Iraq Suicide Bombing as Wolfowitz Arrives in Iraq," 2/2/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040201/1/3hoiw.html
0 1 1 0 "Truck Bomb Kills at Least 55 in Iraq Amid Growing Worries Over Al-Qaeda," 2/11/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040210/1/3hwnk.html
0 1 1 0 "Car Bomb Kills Iraq Army Recruits," 2/11/2004, BBC News, news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3478339.stm
0 0 1 0 "US Death Toll in Iraq Hits 600, Town Leaders Slam Mutilation of Maericans," 4/2/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040402/1/3j8s3.html
0 0 al-Qaeda (Zarqawi Suspected)1 0 "At Least 68 Killed in Suicide Car Bombings in Basra Region of Southern Iraq," 4/22/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040421/1/3jnzq.html; "Eight Killed in Baghdad Blasts as US Raises Alarm Over Troop Shortage," 2/24/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040424/1/3jqjw.html
0 1 1 0 "Iraq Hit by Lethal Rocket Strikes," 4/24/2004, BBC, news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3655127.stm; "Eight Killed in Baghdad Blasts as US Raises Alarm Over Troop Shortage," 2/24/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040424/1/3jqjw.html
0 1 1 0 "Eight US Troops, 39 Iraqis Killed in Fresh Bloodshed," 4/25/2004, AFP, sg.news. Yahoo.com/040425/1/3jqz2.html; "Oil Exports to Resume After Suicide Blasts, Fallujah Elders Seek UN Mediation, 4/26/2004, AFP, "sg.news.yahoo.com/040425/1/3jrdv.html
0 1 1 0 "U.S. Hand Over Some Positions in Iraq," 4/30/2004, AP, abcnews.go.com/wire/world/ap20040430_1500.html
0 0 1 0 "Suicide Bomb Attack Outside US Base Leaves Nine Dead," 6/7/2004, Independent, news.independent.co.uk/world/middle_east/story.jsp?story=529012
0 0 al-Qaeda (Zarqawi Suspected)1 0 "Bombers Kill 41 in Strikes on Iraqi Forces," 6/17/2004, Reuters, story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story2&u=/nm/20040617/ts_nm/riaq_dc; Suicide Bomber Kills 35 in Iraq," 6/17/2004, Examiner, breaking.examiner.ie/2004/06/17/story152812.html
0 1 1 0 "Bombers Kill 41 in Strikes on Iraqi Forces," 6/17/2004, Reuters, story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story2&u=/nm/20040617/ts_nm/riaq_dc; Suicide Bomber Kills 35 in Iraq," 6/17/2004, Examiner, breaking.examiner.ie/2004/06/17/story152812.html
0 0 al-Qaeda (Zarqawi Suspected)1 0 "Dozens Die as Fighting Intensifies Ahead of Iraqi Transfer of Power," 6/24/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040624/1/319mg.html
0 0 al-Qaeda (Zarqawi Suspected)1 0 "Dozens Die as Fighting Intensifies Ahead of Iraqi Transfer of Power," 6/24/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040624/1/319mg.html
0 1 1 0 "At Least Nine Dead in New Iraq's First Big Car Bomb, Gas Line Attacked," 7/7/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040706/1/3lj14.html
0 1 1 0 "Three Car Bombs in Iraq Kill at Least 26," 10/4/2004, Reuters, www.reuters.com/newsArticle.jhtml;jsessionid=…; Two Blasts Rip Through Baghdad, Killing 21," 10/4/2004, AP, abcnews.go.com/wire/World/ap20041004_302.html
0 1 1 0 "Three Car Bombs in Iraq Kill at Least 26," 10/4/2004, Reuters, www.reuters.com/newsArticle.jhtml;jsessionid=…; Two Blasts Rip Through Baghdad, Killing 21," 10/4/2004, AP, abcnews.go.com/wire/World/ap20041004_302.html
0 1 1 0 "Ten Killed by Iraq Cae Bomb as Iraqi-US Force Forge Ahead With Crackdown," 10/6/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/041006/1/3nl61.html
Claimed by Attack type
0 1 1 0 "Two Car Bombs Kill Eight in Baghdad," 10/10/2004, ABCnews, abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=152917
0 1 1 0 "Two Car Bombs Kill Eight in Baghdad," 10/10/2004, ABCnews, abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=152917
0 1 1 0 "208 Deaths -- One Week's Tally -- in Iraq," 10/19/2004, Star Tribune, www.startribune.com/stories/1762/5037848.html; "Roadside Bombs, Suicide Attack Kill Six Soldiers, 10/13/2004, AP, www.maribetimes.com/story.php?f=1-292925-449644.php
0 1 1 0 6 U.S. Soldiers Killed in Iraq Attacks," 10/13/2004, AP, apnews.myway.com/article/20041013/D85MP3QG0.html
0 1 1 0 "208 Deaths -- One Week's Tally -- in Iraq," 10/19/2004, Star Tribune, www.startribune.com/stories/1762/5037848.html; "Baghdad Bombers Hit Green Zone," 10/15/2004, Herald Tribune, P1
0 1 1 0 "208 Deaths -- One Week's Tally -- in Iraq," 10/19/2004, Star Tribune, www.startribune.com/stories/1762/5037848.html; www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/iraqi_casualties_oct04.htm
0 1 1 0 "Noose Tightens Around Iraq's Rebel Heartland, Car Bomb Explodes in Baghdad," 10/16/2004, sg.news.yahoo.com/041015/1/3nstw.html
0 1 1 0 "208 Deaths -- One Week's Tally -- in Iraq," 10/19/2004, Star Tribune, www.startribune.com/stories/1762/5037848.html
0 1 1 0 "Driver Killed in Suicide Car Bomb Blast on Baghdad Airport Road," 10/20/2004, AFP, uk.news.yahoo.com/041020/323/f4wym.html
0 1 1 0 "Double Suicide Car Bombings in Iraq Kill 10," 10/21/2004, AP, www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?pagename=…
0 1 Zarqawi 1 0 "Suicide Blast Kills 16 Iraq Policemen," 10/23/2004, AP, no web address listed
0 1 Zarqawi 1 0 "Twin Iraq Suicide Bombings Kill 14, US troops Catch Top Zarqawi Aide," 10/24/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/041023/1/3nyrw.html
0 1 Zarqawi 1 0 "Three UK Soldiers Killed in Bomb Attack in Central Iraq," 11/5/2004, China View, news.xinhuanet.com/english/2004-11/05/content_2179281.htm; "Zarqawi group claims responsibility for killing three British soldiers south of Baghdad," 11/5/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=465bce0f0cff867a617a630ed4d62c59&_docnum=100&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=b7ca461df516581737651fd53954ed67
0 0 Zarqawi 1 0 "Zarqawi Group Claims String of Deadly Attacks," 11/8/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/041107/1/3obwa.html
0 1 1 0 "Insurgents set off car bombs, attack police station in bloody assault on Samarra," 11/6/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=465bce0f0cff867a617a630ed4d62c59&_docnum=86&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=41637fde35b102a1a2a7621b05ba595c
0 0 Zarqawi 1 0 "Zarqawi Group Claims String of Deadly Attacks," 11/8/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/041107/1/3obwa.html
0 0 Zarqawi 1 0 "Zarqawi Group Claims String of Deadly Attacks," 11/8/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/041107/1/3obwa.html
0 1 1 0 "Two British soldiers injured in central Iraq, Briton killed near Basra," 11/7/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=91f07e24d91866e43541f487b013cbea&_docnum=73&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=684ba1a0793063134d2d78588e732f25
0 1 1 0 "US Troops Storm into Heart of Fallujah in Biggest Battle Since Iraq War," 11/9/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/041109/1/3odg2.html
0 1 1 0 "Weapons sleuth Duelfer narrowly misses being killed in Iraq suicide car bombing," 11/9/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=91f07e24d91866e43541f487b013cbea&_docnum=62&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=2a803978d20eece552764bf78da53ce9
0 1 1 0 "US loses 18 Troops in Battle for Fallujah, Puts Rebel Losses at 500," 11/12/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/041111/1/3og9n.html
0 1 1 0 "Five US soldiers injured in car bombing in Mosul," 11/15/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=91f07e24d91866e43541f487b013cbea&_docnum=51&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=9da67ec02bc11ac4215d4e8a6094fc70
0 1 1 0 "Lewiston soldier dies in car bombing in Iraq," 11/18/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=340bbfb1284851ea04b9b1c037c8d883&_docnum=31&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=c8788d0768957db6dc03e893b71e758f
0 1 1 0 "10 Killed in Attack on US Convoy," 11/18/2004, Herald Tribune, P 7; "Suicide Bomber, Clashes in Iraq Kill 27," 11/17/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=340bbfb1284851ea04b9b1c037c8d883&_docnum=40&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=8263b0abf00af4a20dc9fcb870069ddc
0 1 1 0 "US Led Forces Sweep Through Iraq's Death Triangle," 11/25/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/041125/1/3osx3.html
0 1 1 0 "Car bombs explode near police station and youth center, killing one bomber, injuring 10," 11/25/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=9f097f77d175629857e41e1dc35f3f80&_docnum=12&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=fca9289be69b0e5a2e4a33237cedeb64
0 1 1 0 "3 injured in suicide attack on Baghdad airport road," 12/1/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=2d19ff0a2bee7d29c8ad27f7e56749b9&_docnum=200&wchp=dGLbVzb-zSkVA&_md5=1d746b1b2454e2a041773e3bd927993c
0 1 Zarqawi 1 0 "Suicide Bombers Crash into Mosque," 12/3/2004, CNN, www.cnn.com/2004/Worldmeast/12/03/iraq.main/; At least 26 Die in Baghdad Attacks as US Winds UP 'Death Triangle' Sweep, 12/4/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/041204/1/3p10t.html
0 1 1 0 "Car bombs in Baghdad, Mosul kill at least 16, bringing three-day death toll higher than 40," 12/4/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=2d19ff0a2bee7d29c8ad27f7e56749b9&_docnum=189&wchp=dGLbVzb-zSkVA&_md5=bcf108689a108ae466ed4bdfa982c8aa; "Suicide car bomb attacks Marines at Jordan border causing fatalities, spokesman says," 12/3/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=2d19ff0a2bee7d29c8ad27f7e56749b9&_docnum=190&wchp=dGLbVzb-zSkVA&_md5=31c0ed8dc8c000cfd6c905f9ca7527cf
0 1 1 0 "Suicide Bombers Strike in Iraq," 12/4/2004, BBCnews. News.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/4067795.stm; "Car bombs in Baghdad, Mosul kill at least 16, bringing three-day death toll higher than 40," 12/4/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=2d19ff0a2bee7d29c8ad27f7e56749b9&_docnum=189&wchp=dGLbVzb-zSkVA&_md5=bcf108689a108ae466ed4bdfa982c8aa
0 1 1 0 "Suicide Bombers Strike in Iraq," 12/4/2004, BBCnews. News.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/4067795.stm; "Car bombings in Baghdad, Mosul kill 14, mostly policemen and Kurdish militiamen," 12/4/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=fb61d56092c94afe363cb943f954ac4c&_docnum=178&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=daaac183c9e60af9fea8f99fe3f12446
0 1 1 0 "U.S. soldier sentenced to three years for killing Iraqi teen," 12/11/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=3997c26d3ccd5729944b4177e058707c&_docnum=170&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=bb766c071a04d07dadc0989698a8b93f
0 1 1 0 "Clashes in Baghdad, suicide bomber targets U.S. convoy in western Iraq; no coalition casualties," 12/12/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=3997c26d3ccd5729944b4177e058707c&_docnum=166&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=060a0353db361968a45b1a08d0190bdf
0 1 1 0 "Marine killed in Anbar, roadside bomb kills U.S. soldier," 12/12/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=3997c26d3ccd5729944b4177e058707c&_docnum=162&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=d5cb323a3b8b6cbf8505a60cb61451d8
0 0 al-Qaeda (linked) 1 0 "Blast Kills 13 Year After Saddam Capture," 12/13/2004, AP, story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story2&u=/ap/20041213/ap_on_re_mi_ea/iraq; "URGENT Suicide bomber strikes at gate to Green Zone," 12/13/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=3997c26d3ccd5729944b4177e058707c&_docnum=158&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=71afc17bc9c6fff8d032a30d7dc9109e
0 1 1 0 "Insurgents hit Baghdad's Green Zone with second suicide attack in two days, this time killing seven," 12/14/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=136a156dc663efff47379bdbb1afe582&_docnum=142&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=1d75f8538d4e6598b6a99e2f4001fac2
0 1 1 0 "A Car Bomb in Karbala IS Followed by Another in Najaf," 12/19/2004, NYT, www.nytimes.com/2004/12/19/international/middleeast/19wir…; "Car bombs hit Karbala and Najaf, killing at least 60 people; three election workers killed in Baghdad ambush,", 12/19/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=136a156dc663efff47379bdbb1afe582&_docnum=131&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=fbaa3b08223aaa208442c0e5a25b84b0
0 0 Ansar-al-Sunna 1 0 "Suicide bomber probably caused Iraq blast, Myers says," 12/22/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=b21f55d8e8e0f97239a37fe6708f114a&_docnum=114&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=a24f6b38a6e2bb244c8071dca1689ec8; "Suicide Bombing is Now Suspected in Mosul Attack," 12/23/2004, NYT, P1
0 1 1 0 "Suicide bombing using tanker truck kills 9 and wounds 14; Marines capture cell leaders loyal to al-Zarqawi," 12/25/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=a93ba405a560280b2761319e4fcd6cd9&_docnum=40&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=514d7b30bf5d0ba6052fd8c174d2a907
0 0 Zarqawi 1 0 "Suicide bomber kills 15, wounds dozens in attack on top Iraqi Shiite political leader," 12/27/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=ced831addb11540c320667dc740d741f&_docnum=19&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=40c124d47b57bd669cdb2cc56508a550; "Al-Zarqawi's group claims responsibility for assassination attempt of prominent Shiite Muslim politician," 12/28/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=ced831addb11540c320667dc740d741f&_docnum=15&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=c7d046e1255d05c7c6f542a08c8cc682
0 77 99 0
"Car bBomb Explodes at Iraq Police Station," 1/14/2004, MSNBC, www.msnbc.msn.com/id/3945279/
"Bombing at US Gaghdad Base Kills 25 in Blow to Hopes of UN Return," 1/19/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040118/1/3hcp9.html
"US Soldier Dies in Iraq; Thousands Protest in Tokyo Against Deployment," 1/25/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040125/1/3hi25.html
"Five Plus Bomber Killed in Baghdad Blast," 1/29/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040128/1/3hfkyf.html
"Three US Soldiers, Four Paslestinians, 11 Iraqis, Killed on Eve of Fest," 2/1/2004, sg.news.yahoo.com/040131/1/3hoar.html
"Yemini Arrested for Arbil Bombings Claimed by Group Linked to Al-Qaeda" 2/5/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040204/1/3hrpi.html; "Arbil Bombings Daeliest in Post-War Iraq as Death Toll Reaches 100," 2/4/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040203/1/3hqpf.html; "At Least 56 Dead in Iraq Suicide Bombing as Wolfowitz Arrives in Iraq," 2/2/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040201/1/3hoiw.html
"Truck Bomb Kills at Least 55 in Iraq Amid Growing Worries Over Al-Qaeda," 2/11/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040210/1/3hwnk.html
"Car Bomb Kills Iraq Army Recruits," 2/11/2004, BBC News, news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3478339.stm
"US Death Toll in Iraq Hits 600, Town Leaders Slam Mutilation of Maericans," 4/2/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040402/1/3j8s3.html
"At Least 68 Killed in Suicide Car Bombings in Basra Region of Southern Iraq," 4/22/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040421/1/3jnzq.html; "Eight Killed in Baghdad Blasts as US Raises Alarm Over Troop Shortage," 2/24/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040424/1/3jqjw.html
"Iraq Hit by Lethal Rocket Strikes," 4/24/2004, BBC, news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3655127.stm; "Eight Killed in Baghdad Blasts as US Raises Alarm Over Troop Shortage," 2/24/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040424/1/3jqjw.html
"Eight US Troops, 39 Iraqis Killed in Fresh Bloodshed," 4/25/2004, AFP, sg.news. Yahoo.com/040425/1/3jqz2.html; "Oil Exports to Resume After Suicide Blasts, Fallujah Elders Seek UN Mediation, 4/26/2004, AFP, "sg.news.yahoo.com/040425/1/3jrdv.html
"U.S. Hand Over Some Positions in Iraq," 4/30/2004, AP, abcnews.go.com/wire/world/ap20040430_1500.html
"Suicide Bomb Attack Outside US Base Leaves Nine Dead," 6/7/2004, Independent, news.independent.co.uk/world/middle_east/story.jsp?story=529012
"Suicide Bomber Kills 12 Iraqis in Baghdad," 6/13/2004, Reuters, story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story2&u=/nm/20040613/ts_nm/iraq_dc
"Three Car Bombs in Iraq Kill at Least 26," 10/4/2004, Reuters, www.reuters.com/newsArticle.jhtml;jsessionid=…; Two Blasts Rip Through Baghdad, Killing 21," 10/4/2004, AP, abcnews.go.com/wire/World/ap20041004_302.html
"Three Car Bombs in Iraq Kill at Least 26," 10/4/2004, Reuters, www.reuters.com/newsArticle.jhtml;jsessionid=…; Two Blasts Rip Through Baghdad, Killing 21," 10/4/2004, AP, abcnews.go.com/wire/World/ap20041004_302.html
"Ten Killed by Iraq Cae Bomb as Iraqi-US Force Forge Ahead With Crackdown," 10/6/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/041006/1/3nl61.html
"Two Car Bombs Kill Eight in Baghdad," 10/10/2004, ABCnews, abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=152917
"Two Car Bombs Kill Eight in Baghdad," 10/10/2004, ABCnews, abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=152917
"208 Deaths -- One Week's Tally -- in Iraq," 10/19/2004, Star Tribune, www.startribune.com/stories/1762/5037848.html; "Roadside Bombs, Suicide Attack Kill Six Soldiers, 10/13/2004, AP, www.maribetimes.com/story.php?f=1-292925-449644.php
6 U.S. Soldiers Killed in Iraq Attacks," 10/13/2004, AP, apnews.myway.com/article/20041013/D85MP3QG0.html
"208 Deaths -- One Week's Tally -- in Iraq," 10/19/2004, Star Tribune, www.startribune.com/stories/1762/5037848.html; "Baghdad Bombers Hit Green Zone," 10/15/2004, Herald Tribune, P1
"208 Deaths -- One Week's Tally -- in Iraq," 10/19/2004, Star Tribune, www.startribune.com/stories/1762/5037848.html; www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/iraqi_casualties_oct04.htm
"Noose Tightens Around Iraq's Rebel Heartland, Car Bomb Explodes in Baghdad," 10/16/2004, sg.news.yahoo.com/041015/1/3nstw.html
"208 Deaths -- One Week's Tally -- in Iraq," 10/19/2004, Star Tribune, www.startribune.com/stories/1762/5037848.html
"Driver Killed in Suicide Car Bomb Blast on Baghdad Airport Road," 10/20/2004, AFP, uk.news.yahoo.com/041020/323/f4wym.html
"Double Suicide Car Bombings in Iraq Kill 10," 10/21/2004, AP, www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?pagename=…
"Suicide Blast Kills 16 Iraq Policemen," 10/23/2004, AP, no web address listed
"Twin Iraq Suicide Bombings Kill 14, US troops Catch Top Zarqawi Aide," 10/24/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/041023/1/3nyrw.html
"Top U.S. Foe Claims Iraq Killings," 10/25/2005, Reuters, www.reuters.co.uk/newsPackageArticle.jhtml=topNews&storyID=60…
"Bombings in Bahgdad, Mosul Kill 6 Iraqis," 10/25/2004, CNN, www.cnn.com/2004/World/meast/10/25/iraq.main/index.html
"9 Marines Die as Insurgents Mount Attacks," 10/31/2004, NYT, www.nytimes.com/2004/10/31/international/middleeast/31iraq.html
"Iraqis Ignore U.S. Vote Amid Bloodshed, Kidnapping," 11/3/2004, Reuters, www.reuters.com/newsArticle.jhtml?type=worldnews/tstoryid=67035358-pagenumber=1
"Three UK Soldiers Killed in Bomb Attack in Central Iraq," 11/5/2004, China View, news.xinhuanet.com/english/2004-11/05/content_2179281.htm; "Zarqawi group claims responsibility for killing three British soldiers south of Baghdad," 11/5/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=465bce0f0cff867a617a630ed4d62c59&_docnum=100&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=b7ca461df516581737651fd53954ed67
"Zarqawi Group Claims String of Deadly Attacks," 11/8/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/041107/1/3obwa.html
"Insurgents set off car bombs, attack police station in bloody assault on Samarra," 11/6/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=465bce0f0cff867a617a630ed4d62c59&_docnum=86&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=41637fde35b102a1a2a7621b05ba595c
"Zarqawi Group Claims String of Deadly Attacks," 11/8/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/041107/1/3obwa.html
"Zarqawi Group Claims String of Deadly Attacks," 11/8/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/041107/1/3obwa.html
"Two British soldiers injured in central Iraq, Briton killed near Basra," 11/7/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=91f07e24d91866e43541f487b013cbea&_docnum=73&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=684ba1a0793063134d2d78588e732f25
"US Troops Storm into Heart of Fallujah in Biggest Battle Since Iraq War," 11/9/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/041109/1/3odg2.html
"Weapons sleuth Duelfer narrowly misses being killed in Iraq suicide car bombing," 11/9/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=91f07e24d91866e43541f487b013cbea&_docnum=62&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=2a803978d20eece552764bf78da53ce9
"US loses 18 Troops in Battle for Fallujah, Puts Rebel Losses at 500," 11/12/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/041111/1/3og9n.html
"Five US soldiers injured in car bombing in Mosul," 11/15/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=91f07e24d91866e43541f487b013cbea&_docnum=51&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=9da67ec02bc11ac4215d4e8a6094fc70
"Lewiston soldier dies in car bombing in Iraq," 11/18/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=340bbfb1284851ea04b9b1c037c8d883&_docnum=31&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=c8788d0768957db6dc03e893b71e758f
"10 Killed in Attack on US Convoy," 11/18/2004, Herald Tribune, P 7; "Suicide Bomber, Clashes in Iraq Kill 27," 11/17/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=340bbfb1284851ea04b9b1c037c8d883&_docnum=40&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=8263b0abf00af4a20dc9fcb870069ddc
"Suicide Bomber Crashed Into Iraqi Police," 11/19/2004, AP, apnews.myway.com/article/20041119/D86F04280.html
"Car bomber in central Iraq town targets police station," 11/19/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=340bbfb1284851ea04b9b1c037c8d883&_docnum=28&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=62b59cbece15dd7084b74afa7a55249b
"US Led Forces Sweep Through Iraq's Death Triangle," 11/25/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/041125/1/3osx3.html
"Car bombs explode near police station and youth center, killing one bomber, injuring 10," 11/25/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=9f097f77d175629857e41e1dc35f3f80&_docnum=12&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=fca9289be69b0e5a2e4a33237cedeb64
"Suicide Bomber Kills 7 Iraqis," 11/30/2004, Jerusalem Post, P?
"Insurgent attacks kill American soldiers, Iraqi police and guardsmen," 11/29/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=db981323f77538e5ad8304cadf50063c&_docnum=214&wchp=dGLbVzb-zSkVA&_md5=89af4907f865f272d304f2c5970534bc
"Suicide Bomber Rams US Convoy," 12/1/2004, Jerusalem Post, P?; "3 injured in suicide attack on Baghdad airport road," 12/1/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=2d19ff0a2bee7d29c8ad27f7e56749b9&_docnum=200&wchp=dGLbVzb-zSkVA&_md5=1d746b1b2454e2a041773e3bd927993c
"Iraqi President Backs Election Date," 12/2/2004, Herald Tribune, P2
"3 injured in suicide attack on Baghdad airport road," 12/1/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=2d19ff0a2bee7d29c8ad27f7e56749b9&_docnum=200&wchp=dGLbVzb-zSkVA&_md5=1d746b1b2454e2a041773e3bd927993c
"Suicide Bombers Crash into Mosque," 12/3/2004, CNN, www.cnn.com/2004/Worldmeast/12/03/iraq.main/; At least 26 Die in Baghdad Attacks as US Winds UP 'Death Triangle' Sweep, 12/4/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/041204/1/3p10t.html
"Car bombs in Baghdad, Mosul kill at least 16, bringing three-day death toll higher than 40," 12/4/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=2d19ff0a2bee7d29c8ad27f7e56749b9&_docnum=189&wchp=dGLbVzb-zSkVA&_md5=bcf108689a108ae466ed4bdfa982c8aa; "Suicide car bomb attacks Marines at Jordan border causing fatalities, spokesman says," 12/3/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=2d19ff0a2bee7d29c8ad27f7e56749b9&_docnum=190&wchp=dGLbVzb-zSkVA&_md5=31c0ed8dc8c000cfd6c905f9ca7527cf
"Suicide Bombers Strike in Iraq," 12/4/2004, BBCnews. News.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/4067795.stm; "Car bombs in Baghdad, Mosul kill at least 16, bringing three-day death toll higher than 40," 12/4/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=2d19ff0a2bee7d29c8ad27f7e56749b9&_docnum=189&wchp=dGLbVzb-zSkVA&_md5=bcf108689a108ae466ed4bdfa982c8aa
"Suicide Bombers Strike in Iraq," 12/4/2004, BBCnews. News.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/4067795.stm; "Car bombings in Baghdad, Mosul kill 14, mostly policemen and Kurdish militiamen," 12/4/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=fb61d56092c94afe363cb943f954ac4c&_docnum=178&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=daaac183c9e60af9fea8f99fe3f12446
"U.S. soldier sentenced to three years for killing Iraqi teen," 12/11/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=3997c26d3ccd5729944b4177e058707c&_docnum=170&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=bb766c071a04d07dadc0989698a8b93f
"Clashes in Baghdad, suicide bomber targets U.S. convoy in western Iraq; no coalition casualties," 12/12/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=3997c26d3ccd5729944b4177e058707c&_docnum=166&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=060a0353db361968a45b1a08d0190bdf
"Marine killed in Anbar, roadside bomb kills U.S. soldier," 12/12/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=3997c26d3ccd5729944b4177e058707c&_docnum=162&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=d5cb323a3b8b6cbf8505a60cb61451d8
"Blast Kills 13 Year After Saddam Capture," 12/13/2004, AP, story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story2&u=/ap/20041213/ap_on_re_mi_ea/iraq; "URGENT Suicide bomber strikes at gate to Green Zone," 12/13/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=3997c26d3ccd5729944b4177e058707c&_docnum=158&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=71afc17bc9c6fff8d032a30d7dc9109e
"Insurgents hit Baghdad's Green Zone with second suicide attack in two days, this time killing seven," 12/14/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=136a156dc663efff47379bdbb1afe582&_docnum=142&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=1d75f8538d4e6598b6a99e2f4001fac2
"A Car Bomb in Karbala IS Followed by Another in Najaf," 12/19/2004, NYT, www.nytimes.com/2004/12/19/international/middleeast/19wir…; "Car bombs hit Karbala and Najaf, killing at least 60 people; three election workers killed in Baghdad ambush,", 12/19/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=136a156dc663efff47379bdbb1afe582&_docnum=131&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=fbaa3b08223aaa208442c0e5a25b84b0
"Suicide bomber probably caused Iraq blast, Myers says," 12/22/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=b21f55d8e8e0f97239a37fe6708f114a&_docnum=114&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=a24f6b38a6e2bb244c8071dca1689ec8; "Suicide Bombing is Now Suspected in Mosul Attack," 12/23/2004, NYT, P1
"Suicide bombing using tanker truck kills 9 and wounds 14; Marines capture cell leaders loyal to al-Zarqawi," 12/25/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=a93ba405a560280b2761319e4fcd6cd9&_docnum=40&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=514d7b30bf5d0ba6052fd8c174d2a907
"Suicide bomber kills 15, wounds dozens in attack on top Iraqi Shiite political leader," 12/27/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=ced831addb11540c320667dc740d741f&_docnum=19&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=40c124d47b57bd669cdb2cc56508a550; "Al-Zarqawi's group claims responsibility for assassination attempt of prominent Shiite Muslim politician," 12/28/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=ced831addb11540c320667dc740d741f&_docnum=15&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=c7d046e1255d05c7c6f542a08c8cc682
"Yemini Arrested for Arbil Bombings Claimed by Group Linked to Al-Qaeda" 2/5/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040204/1/3hrpi.html; "Arbil Bombings Daeliest in Post-War Iraq as Death Toll Reaches 100," 2/4/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040203/1/3hqpf.html; "At Least 56 Dead in Iraq Suicide Bombing as Wolfowitz Arrives in Iraq," 2/2/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040201/1/3hoiw.html
"At Least 68 Killed in Suicide Car Bombings in Basra Region of Southern Iraq," 4/22/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040421/1/3jnzq.html; "Eight Killed in Baghdad Blasts as US Raises Alarm Over Troop Shortage," 2/24/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040424/1/3jqjw.html
"Iraq Hit by Lethal Rocket Strikes," 4/24/2004, BBC, news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3655127.stm; "Eight Killed in Baghdad Blasts as US Raises Alarm Over Troop Shortage," 2/24/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040424/1/3jqjw.html
"Eight US Troops, 39 Iraqis Killed in Fresh Bloodshed," 4/25/2004, AFP, sg.news. Yahoo.com/040425/1/3jqz2.html; "Oil Exports to Resume After Suicide Blasts, Fallujah Elders Seek UN Mediation, 4/26/2004, AFP, "sg.news.yahoo.com/040425/1/3jrdv.html
"Suicide Bomb Attack Outside US Base Leaves Nine Dead," 6/7/2004, Independent, news.independent.co.uk/world/middle_east/story.jsp?story=529012
"Bombers Kill 41 in Strikes on Iraqi Forces," 6/17/2004, Reuters, story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story2&u=/nm/20040617/ts_nm/riaq_dc; Suicide Bomber Kills 35 in Iraq," 6/17/2004, Examiner, breaking.examiner.ie/2004/06/17/story152812.html
"Bombers Kill 41 in Strikes on Iraqi Forces," 6/17/2004, Reuters, story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story2&u=/nm/20040617/ts_nm/riaq_dc; Suicide Bomber Kills 35 in Iraq," 6/17/2004, Examiner, breaking.examiner.ie/2004/06/17/story152812.html
"Four Killed, 50 Wounded in Suspected Iraq Suicide Attack," 8/1/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/0408801/1/3m464.html; "Blasts hit churches across Iraq, killing 11, wounding at least 50," 8/1/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=9ecd538efed03c8dc9194ed138a73d8e&_docnum=20&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=c164ee5511c6bf7b0d71a17e892f9e4d
"Attack on Iraq Police Academy Kills 25," 9/4/2004, CNN, www.cnn.com/2004/WORLD/meast/09/04/iraq.blast/index.html; "Violence Flares in Northern Iraq," 9/4/2004, BBC, news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3627092.stm
"Suicide bomber strikes police convoy in Baghdad," 9/17/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=5bd1cfa567a9a577cbc53d1d2f1ac689&_docnum=25&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=640acc72e820c3949a92ba11f949ecbf
"Suicide bomber targets Baghdad police: U.S. forces round up suspected militants," 9/17/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=f2feaaa848f45f65e800dda1cde4f80b&_docnum=26&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=c1a19a503bbcab3757ee9a043c711fad
"Three Car Bombs in Iraq Kill at Least 26," 10/4/2004, Reuters, www.reuters.com/newsArticle.jhtml;jsessionid=…; Two Blasts Rip Through Baghdad, Killing 21," 10/4/2004, AP, abcnews.go.com/wire/World/ap20041004_302.html
"Three Car Bombs in Iraq Kill at Least 26," 10/4/2004, Reuters, www.reuters.com/newsArticle.jhtml;jsessionid=…; Two Blasts Rip Through Baghdad, Killing 21," 10/4/2004, AP, abcnews.go.com/wire/World/ap20041004_302.html
"208 Deaths -- One Week's Tally -- in Iraq," 10/19/2004, Star Tribune, www.startribune.com/stories/1762/5037848.html; "Roadside Bombs, Suicide Attack Kill Six Soldiers, 10/13/2004, AP, www.maribetimes.com/story.php?f=1-292925-449644.php
"208 Deaths -- One Week's Tally -- in Iraq," 10/19/2004, Star Tribune, www.startribune.com/stories/1762/5037848.html; "Baghdad Bombers Hit Green Zone," 10/15/2004, Herald Tribune, P1
"208 Deaths -- One Week's Tally -- in Iraq," 10/19/2004, Star Tribune, www.startribune.com/stories/1762/5037848.html; www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/iraqi_casualties_oct04.htm
"Iraqis Ignore U.S. Vote Amid Bloodshed, Kidnapping," 11/3/2004, Reuters, www.reuters.com/newsArticle.jhtml?type=worldnews/tstoryid=67035358-pagenumber=1
"Three UK Soldiers Killed in Bomb Attack in Central Iraq," 11/5/2004, China View, news.xinhuanet.com/english/2004-11/05/content_2179281.htm; "Zarqawi group claims responsibility for killing three British soldiers south of Baghdad," 11/5/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=465bce0f0cff867a617a630ed4d62c59&_docnum=100&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=b7ca461df516581737651fd53954ed67
"Insurgents set off car bombs, attack police station in bloody assault on Samarra," 11/6/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=465bce0f0cff867a617a630ed4d62c59&_docnum=86&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=41637fde35b102a1a2a7621b05ba595c
"Two British soldiers injured in central Iraq, Briton killed near Basra," 11/7/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=91f07e24d91866e43541f487b013cbea&_docnum=73&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=684ba1a0793063134d2d78588e732f25
"Weapons sleuth Duelfer narrowly misses being killed in Iraq suicide car bombing," 11/9/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=91f07e24d91866e43541f487b013cbea&_docnum=62&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=2a803978d20eece552764bf78da53ce9
"Five US soldiers injured in car bombing in Mosul," 11/15/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=91f07e24d91866e43541f487b013cbea&_docnum=51&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=9da67ec02bc11ac4215d4e8a6094fc70
"Lewiston soldier dies in car bombing in Iraq," 11/18/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=340bbfb1284851ea04b9b1c037c8d883&_docnum=31&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=c8788d0768957db6dc03e893b71e758f
"10 Killed in Attack on US Convoy," 11/18/2004, Herald Tribune, P 7; "Suicide Bomber, Clashes in Iraq Kill 27," 11/17/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=340bbfb1284851ea04b9b1c037c8d883&_docnum=40&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=8263b0abf00af4a20dc9fcb870069ddc
"Car bomber in central Iraq town targets police station," 11/19/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=340bbfb1284851ea04b9b1c037c8d883&_docnum=28&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=62b59cbece15dd7084b74afa7a55249b
"Car bombs explode near police station and youth center, killing one bomber, injuring 10," 11/25/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=9f097f77d175629857e41e1dc35f3f80&_docnum=12&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=fca9289be69b0e5a2e4a33237cedeb64
"Insurgent attacks kill American soldiers, Iraqi police and guardsmen," 11/29/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=db981323f77538e5ad8304cadf50063c&_docnum=214&wchp=dGLbVzb-zSkVA&_md5=89af4907f865f272d304f2c5970534bc
"Suicide Bomber Rams US Convoy," 12/1/2004, Jerusalem Post, P?; "3 injured in suicide attack on Baghdad airport road," 12/1/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=2d19ff0a2bee7d29c8ad27f7e56749b9&_docnum=200&wchp=dGLbVzb-zSkVA&_md5=1d746b1b2454e2a041773e3bd927993c
"3 injured in suicide attack on Baghdad airport road," 12/1/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=2d19ff0a2bee7d29c8ad27f7e56749b9&_docnum=200&wchp=dGLbVzb-zSkVA&_md5=1d746b1b2454e2a041773e3bd927993c
"Suicide Bombers Crash into Mosque," 12/3/2004, CNN, www.cnn.com/2004/Worldmeast/12/03/iraq.main/; At least 26 Die in Baghdad Attacks as US Winds UP 'Death Triangle' Sweep, 12/4/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/041204/1/3p10t.html
"Car bombs in Baghdad, Mosul kill at least 16, bringing three-day death toll higher than 40," 12/4/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=2d19ff0a2bee7d29c8ad27f7e56749b9&_docnum=189&wchp=dGLbVzb-zSkVA&_md5=bcf108689a108ae466ed4bdfa982c8aa; "Suicide car bomb attacks Marines at Jordan border causing fatalities, spokesman says," 12/3/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=2d19ff0a2bee7d29c8ad27f7e56749b9&_docnum=190&wchp=dGLbVzb-zSkVA&_md5=31c0ed8dc8c000cfd6c905f9ca7527cf
"Suicide Bombers Strike in Iraq," 12/4/2004, BBCnews. News.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/4067795.stm; "Car bombs in Baghdad, Mosul kill at least 16, bringing three-day death toll higher than 40," 12/4/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=2d19ff0a2bee7d29c8ad27f7e56749b9&_docnum=189&wchp=dGLbVzb-zSkVA&_md5=bcf108689a108ae466ed4bdfa982c8aa
"Suicide Bombers Strike in Iraq," 12/4/2004, BBCnews. News.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/4067795.stm; "Car bombings in Baghdad, Mosul kill 14, mostly policemen and Kurdish militiamen," 12/4/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=fb61d56092c94afe363cb943f954ac4c&_docnum=178&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=daaac183c9e60af9fea8f99fe3f12446
"U.S. soldier sentenced to three years for killing Iraqi teen," 12/11/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=3997c26d3ccd5729944b4177e058707c&_docnum=170&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=bb766c071a04d07dadc0989698a8b93f
"Clashes in Baghdad, suicide bomber targets U.S. convoy in western Iraq; no coalition casualties," 12/12/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=3997c26d3ccd5729944b4177e058707c&_docnum=166&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=060a0353db361968a45b1a08d0190bdf
"Marine killed in Anbar, roadside bomb kills U.S. soldier," 12/12/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=3997c26d3ccd5729944b4177e058707c&_docnum=162&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=d5cb323a3b8b6cbf8505a60cb61451d8
"Blast Kills 13 Year After Saddam Capture," 12/13/2004, AP, story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story2&u=/ap/20041213/ap_on_re_mi_ea/iraq; "URGENT Suicide bomber strikes at gate to Green Zone," 12/13/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=3997c26d3ccd5729944b4177e058707c&_docnum=158&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=71afc17bc9c6fff8d032a30d7dc9109e
"Insurgents hit Baghdad's Green Zone with second suicide attack in two days, this time killing seven," 12/14/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=136a156dc663efff47379bdbb1afe582&_docnum=142&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=1d75f8538d4e6598b6a99e2f4001fac2
"A Car Bomb in Karbala IS Followed by Another in Najaf," 12/19/2004, NYT, www.nytimes.com/2004/12/19/international/middleeast/19wir…; "Car bombs hit Karbala and Najaf, killing at least 60 people; three election workers killed in Baghdad ambush,", 12/19/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=136a156dc663efff47379bdbb1afe582&_docnum=131&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=fbaa3b08223aaa208442c0e5a25b84b0
"Suicide bomber probably caused Iraq blast, Myers says," 12/22/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=b21f55d8e8e0f97239a37fe6708f114a&_docnum=114&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=a24f6b38a6e2bb244c8071dca1689ec8; "Suicide Bombing is Now Suspected in Mosul Attack," 12/23/2004, NYT, P1
"Suicide bombing using tanker truck kills 9 and wounds 14; Marines capture cell leaders loyal to al-Zarqawi," 12/25/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=a93ba405a560280b2761319e4fcd6cd9&_docnum=40&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=514d7b30bf5d0ba6052fd8c174d2a907
"Suicide bomber kills 15, wounds dozens in attack on top Iraqi Shiite political leader," 12/27/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=ced831addb11540c320667dc740d741f&_docnum=19&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=40c124d47b57bd669cdb2cc56508a550; "Al-Zarqawi's group claims responsibility for assassination attempt of prominent Shiite Muslim politician," 12/28/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=ced831addb11540c320667dc740d741f&_docnum=15&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=c7d046e1255d05c7c6f542a08c8cc682
"Yemini Arrested for Arbil Bombings Claimed by Group Linked to Al-Qaeda" 2/5/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040204/1/3hrpi.html; "Arbil Bombings Daeliest in Post-War Iraq as Death Toll Reaches 100," 2/4/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040203/1/3hqpf.html; "At Least 56 Dead in Iraq Suicide Bombing as Wolfowitz Arrives in Iraq," 2/2/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040201/1/3hoiw.html
"At Least 68 Killed in Suicide Car Bombings in Basra Region of Southern Iraq," 4/22/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040421/1/3jnzq.html; "Eight Killed in Baghdad Blasts as US Raises Alarm Over Troop Shortage," 2/24/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040424/1/3jqjw.html
"Eight US Troops, 39 Iraqis Killed in Fresh Bloodshed," 4/25/2004, AFP, sg.news. Yahoo.com/040425/1/3jqz2.html; "Oil Exports to Resume After Suicide Blasts, Fallujah Elders Seek UN Mediation, 4/26/2004, AFP, "sg.news.yahoo.com/040425/1/3jrdv.html
"Four Killed, 50 Wounded in Suspected Iraq Suicide Attack," 8/1/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/0408801/1/3m464.html; "Blasts hit churches across Iraq, killing 11, wounding at least 50," 8/1/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=9ecd538efed03c8dc9194ed138a73d8e&_docnum=20&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=c164ee5511c6bf7b0d71a17e892f9e4d
"Suicide bomber strikes police convoy in Baghdad," 9/17/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=5bd1cfa567a9a577cbc53d1d2f1ac689&_docnum=25&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=640acc72e820c3949a92ba11f949ecbf
"Suicide bomber targets Baghdad police: U.S. forces round up suspected militants," 9/17/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=f2feaaa848f45f65e800dda1cde4f80b&_docnum=26&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=c1a19a503bbcab3757ee9a043c711fad
"Three UK Soldiers Killed in Bomb Attack in Central Iraq," 11/5/2004, China View, news.xinhuanet.com/english/2004-11/05/content_2179281.htm; "Zarqawi group claims responsibility for killing three British soldiers south of Baghdad," 11/5/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=465bce0f0cff867a617a630ed4d62c59&_docnum=100&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=b7ca461df516581737651fd53954ed67
"Insurgents set off car bombs, attack police station in bloody assault on Samarra," 11/6/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=465bce0f0cff867a617a630ed4d62c59&_docnum=86&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=41637fde35b102a1a2a7621b05ba595c
"Two British soldiers injured in central Iraq, Briton killed near Basra," 11/7/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=91f07e24d91866e43541f487b013cbea&_docnum=73&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=684ba1a0793063134d2d78588e732f25
"Weapons sleuth Duelfer narrowly misses being killed in Iraq suicide car bombing," 11/9/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=91f07e24d91866e43541f487b013cbea&_docnum=62&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=2a803978d20eece552764bf78da53ce9
"Five US soldiers injured in car bombing in Mosul," 11/15/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=91f07e24d91866e43541f487b013cbea&_docnum=51&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=9da67ec02bc11ac4215d4e8a6094fc70
"Lewiston soldier dies in car bombing in Iraq," 11/18/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=340bbfb1284851ea04b9b1c037c8d883&_docnum=31&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=c8788d0768957db6dc03e893b71e758f
"10 Killed in Attack on US Convoy," 11/18/2004, Herald Tribune, P 7; "Suicide Bomber, Clashes in Iraq Kill 27," 11/17/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=340bbfb1284851ea04b9b1c037c8d883&_docnum=40&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=8263b0abf00af4a20dc9fcb870069ddc
"Car bomber in central Iraq town targets police station," 11/19/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=340bbfb1284851ea04b9b1c037c8d883&_docnum=28&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=62b59cbece15dd7084b74afa7a55249b
"Car bombs explode near police station and youth center, killing one bomber, injuring 10," 11/25/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=9f097f77d175629857e41e1dc35f3f80&_docnum=12&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=fca9289be69b0e5a2e4a33237cedeb64
"Insurgent attacks kill American soldiers, Iraqi police and guardsmen," 11/29/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=db981323f77538e5ad8304cadf50063c&_docnum=214&wchp=dGLbVzb-zSkVA&_md5=89af4907f865f272d304f2c5970534bc
"Suicide Bomber Rams US Convoy," 12/1/2004, Jerusalem Post, P?; "3 injured in suicide attack on Baghdad airport road," 12/1/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=2d19ff0a2bee7d29c8ad27f7e56749b9&_docnum=200&wchp=dGLbVzb-zSkVA&_md5=1d746b1b2454e2a041773e3bd927993c
"3 injured in suicide attack on Baghdad airport road," 12/1/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=2d19ff0a2bee7d29c8ad27f7e56749b9&_docnum=200&wchp=dGLbVzb-zSkVA&_md5=1d746b1b2454e2a041773e3bd927993c
"Car bombs in Baghdad, Mosul kill at least 16, bringing three-day death toll higher than 40," 12/4/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=2d19ff0a2bee7d29c8ad27f7e56749b9&_docnum=189&wchp=dGLbVzb-zSkVA&_md5=bcf108689a108ae466ed4bdfa982c8aa; "Suicide car bomb attacks Marines at Jordan border causing fatalities, spokesman says," 12/3/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=2d19ff0a2bee7d29c8ad27f7e56749b9&_docnum=190&wchp=dGLbVzb-zSkVA&_md5=31c0ed8dc8c000cfd6c905f9ca7527cf
"Suicide Bombers Strike in Iraq," 12/4/2004, BBCnews. News.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/4067795.stm; "Car bombs in Baghdad, Mosul kill at least 16, bringing three-day death toll higher than 40," 12/4/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=2d19ff0a2bee7d29c8ad27f7e56749b9&_docnum=189&wchp=dGLbVzb-zSkVA&_md5=bcf108689a108ae466ed4bdfa982c8aa
"Suicide Bombers Strike in Iraq," 12/4/2004, BBCnews. News.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/4067795.stm; "Car bombings in Baghdad, Mosul kill 14, mostly policemen and Kurdish militiamen," 12/4/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=fb61d56092c94afe363cb943f954ac4c&_docnum=178&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=daaac183c9e60af9fea8f99fe3f12446
"U.S. soldier sentenced to three years for killing Iraqi teen," 12/11/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=3997c26d3ccd5729944b4177e058707c&_docnum=170&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=bb766c071a04d07dadc0989698a8b93f
"Clashes in Baghdad, suicide bomber targets U.S. convoy in western Iraq; no coalition casualties," 12/12/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=3997c26d3ccd5729944b4177e058707c&_docnum=166&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=060a0353db361968a45b1a08d0190bdf
"Marine killed in Anbar, roadside bomb kills U.S. soldier," 12/12/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=3997c26d3ccd5729944b4177e058707c&_docnum=162&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=d5cb323a3b8b6cbf8505a60cb61451d8
"Blast Kills 13 Year After Saddam Capture," 12/13/2004, AP, story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story2&u=/ap/20041213/ap_on_re_mi_ea/iraq; "URGENT Suicide bomber strikes at gate to Green Zone," 12/13/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=3997c26d3ccd5729944b4177e058707c&_docnum=158&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=71afc17bc9c6fff8d032a30d7dc9109e
"Insurgents hit Baghdad's Green Zone with second suicide attack in two days, this time killing seven," 12/14/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=136a156dc663efff47379bdbb1afe582&_docnum=142&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=1d75f8538d4e6598b6a99e2f4001fac2
"A Car Bomb in Karbala IS Followed by Another in Najaf," 12/19/2004, NYT, www.nytimes.com/2004/12/19/international/middleeast/19wir…; "Car bombs hit Karbala and Najaf, killing at least 60 people; three election workers killed in Baghdad ambush,", 12/19/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=136a156dc663efff47379bdbb1afe582&_docnum=131&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=fbaa3b08223aaa208442c0e5a25b84b0
"Suicide bomber probably caused Iraq blast, Myers says," 12/22/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=b21f55d8e8e0f97239a37fe6708f114a&_docnum=114&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=a24f6b38a6e2bb244c8071dca1689ec8; "Suicide Bombing is Now Suspected in Mosul Attack," 12/23/2004, NYT, P1
"Suicide bombing using tanker truck kills 9 and wounds 14; Marines capture cell leaders loyal to al-Zarqawi," 12/25/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=a93ba405a560280b2761319e4fcd6cd9&_docnum=40&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=514d7b30bf5d0ba6052fd8c174d2a907
"Suicide bomber kills 15, wounds dozens in attack on top Iraqi Shiite political leader," 12/27/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=ced831addb11540c320667dc740d741f&_docnum=19&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=40c124d47b57bd669cdb2cc56508a550; "Al-Zarqawi's group claims responsibility for assassination attempt of prominent Shiite Muslim politician," 12/28/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=ced831addb11540c320667dc740d741f&_docnum=15&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=c7d046e1255d05c7c6f542a08c8cc682
"Yemini Arrested for Arbil Bombings Claimed by Group Linked to Al-Qaeda" 2/5/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040204/1/3hrpi.html; "Arbil Bombings Daeliest in Post-War Iraq as Death Toll Reaches 100," 2/4/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040203/1/3hqpf.html; "At Least 56 Dead in Iraq Suicide Bombing as Wolfowitz Arrives in Iraq," 2/2/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/040201/1/3hoiw.html
"Four Killed, 50 Wounded in Suspected Iraq Suicide Attack," 8/1/2004, AFP, sg.news.yahoo.com/0408801/1/3m464.html; "Blasts hit churches across Iraq, killing 11, wounding at least 50," 8/1/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=9ecd538efed03c8dc9194ed138a73d8e&_docnum=20&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=c164ee5511c6bf7b0d71a17e892f9e4d
"Three UK Soldiers Killed in Bomb Attack in Central Iraq," 11/5/2004, China View, news.xinhuanet.com/english/2004-11/05/content_2179281.htm; "Zarqawi group claims responsibility for killing three British soldiers south of Baghdad," 11/5/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=465bce0f0cff867a617a630ed4d62c59&_docnum=100&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=b7ca461df516581737651fd53954ed67
"Car bombs in Baghdad, Mosul kill at least 16, bringing three-day death toll higher than 40," 12/4/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=2d19ff0a2bee7d29c8ad27f7e56749b9&_docnum=189&wchp=dGLbVzb-zSkVA&_md5=bcf108689a108ae466ed4bdfa982c8aa; "Suicide car bomb attacks Marines at Jordan border causing fatalities, spokesman says," 12/3/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=2d19ff0a2bee7d29c8ad27f7e56749b9&_docnum=190&wchp=dGLbVzb-zSkVA&_md5=31c0ed8dc8c000cfd6c905f9ca7527cf
"Suicide Bombers Strike in Iraq," 12/4/2004, BBCnews. News.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/4067795.stm; "Car bombs in Baghdad, Mosul kill at least 16, bringing three-day death toll higher than 40," 12/4/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=2d19ff0a2bee7d29c8ad27f7e56749b9&_docnum=189&wchp=dGLbVzb-zSkVA&_md5=bcf108689a108ae466ed4bdfa982c8aa
"Suicide Bombers Strike in Iraq," 12/4/2004, BBCnews. News.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/4067795.stm; "Car bombings in Baghdad, Mosul kill 14, mostly policemen and Kurdish militiamen," 12/4/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=fb61d56092c94afe363cb943f954ac4c&_docnum=178&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=daaac183c9e60af9fea8f99fe3f12446
"Blast Kills 13 Year After Saddam Capture," 12/13/2004, AP, story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story2&u=/ap/20041213/ap_on_re_mi_ea/iraq; "URGENT Suicide bomber strikes at gate to Green Zone," 12/13/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=3997c26d3ccd5729944b4177e058707c&_docnum=158&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=71afc17bc9c6fff8d032a30d7dc9109e
"A Car Bomb in Karbala IS Followed by Another in Najaf," 12/19/2004, NYT, www.nytimes.com/2004/12/19/international/middleeast/19wir…; "Car bombs hit Karbala and Najaf, killing at least 60 people; three election workers killed in Baghdad ambush,", 12/19/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=136a156dc663efff47379bdbb1afe582&_docnum=131&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=fbaa3b08223aaa208442c0e5a25b84b0
"Suicide bomber kills 15, wounds dozens in attack on top Iraqi Shiite political leader," 12/27/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=ced831addb11540c320667dc740d741f&_docnum=19&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=40c124d47b57bd669cdb2cc56508a550; "Al-Zarqawi's group claims responsibility for assassination attempt of prominent Shiite Muslim politician," 12/28/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=ced831addb11540c320667dc740d741f&_docnum=15&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=c7d046e1255d05c7c6f542a08c8cc682
"Car bombs in Baghdad, Mosul kill at least 16, bringing three-day death toll higher than 40," 12/4/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=2d19ff0a2bee7d29c8ad27f7e56749b9&_docnum=189&wchp=dGLbVzb-zSkVA&_md5=bcf108689a108ae466ed4bdfa982c8aa; "Suicide car bomb attacks Marines at Jordan border causing fatalities, spokesman says," 12/3/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=2d19ff0a2bee7d29c8ad27f7e56749b9&_docnum=190&wchp=dGLbVzb-zSkVA&_md5=31c0ed8dc8c000cfd6c905f9ca7527cf
"A Car Bomb in Karbala IS Followed by Another in Najaf," 12/19/2004, NYT, www.nytimes.com/2004/12/19/international/middleeast/19wir…; "Car bombs hit Karbala and Najaf, killing at least 60 people; three election workers killed in Baghdad ambush,", 12/19/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=136a156dc663efff47379bdbb1afe582&_docnum=131&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=fbaa3b08223aaa208442c0e5a25b84b0
"Suicide bomber kills 15, wounds dozens in attack on top Iraqi Shiite political leader," 12/27/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=ced831addb11540c320667dc740d741f&_docnum=19&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=40c124d47b57bd669cdb2cc56508a550; "Al-Zarqawi's group claims responsibility for assassination attempt of prominent Shiite Muslim politician," 12/28/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=ced831addb11540c320667dc740d741f&_docnum=15&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=c7d046e1255d05c7c6f542a08c8cc682
"Car bombs in Baghdad, Mosul kill at least 16, bringing three-day death toll higher than 40," 12/4/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=2d19ff0a2bee7d29c8ad27f7e56749b9&_docnum=189&wchp=dGLbVzb-zSkVA&_md5=bcf108689a108ae466ed4bdfa982c8aa; "Suicide car bomb attacks Marines at Jordan border causing fatalities, spokesman says," 12/3/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=2d19ff0a2bee7d29c8ad27f7e56749b9&_docnum=190&wchp=dGLbVzb-zSkVA&_md5=31c0ed8dc8c000cfd6c905f9ca7527cf
"Suicide bomber kills 15, wounds dozens in attack on top Iraqi Shiite political leader," 12/27/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=ced831addb11540c320667dc740d741f&_docnum=19&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=40c124d47b57bd669cdb2cc56508a550; "Al-Zarqawi's group claims responsibility for assassination attempt of prominent Shiite Muslim politician," 12/28/2004, AP, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/universe/document?_m=ced831addb11540c320667dc740d741f&_docnum=15&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=c7d046e1255d05c7c6f542a08c8cc682