INSECT PESTS OF SUGARCANE Submitted to; Dr. C. Narender reddy, Professor, Dept. of Entomology. Submitted by; Md. Abdul Malik, ID.No. RAM/16-36.
INSECT PESTS OF SUGARCANE
Submitted to;Dr. C. Narender reddy,Professor,Dept. of Entomology.
Submitted by;Md. Abdul Malik,ID.No. RAM/16-36.
Insect pests of sugarcane
Insect pest
Scientific name Family Order
EARLY SHOOT BORER Chilo infuscatellus Pyralidae Lepidoptera
INTERNODE BORER
Chilo sacchariphagus indicus Pyralidae
Lepidoptera
TOP BORER Scirpophaga nivella Pyralidae Lepidoptera
BORER COMPLEX
ROOT GRUBHolotrichia
serrata
Melolonthidae Coleoptera
TERMITE Odontotermes obesus Termitidae Isoptera
SUGARCANE SCALE
Melanapis glomerata Diaspididae Hemiptera
SUGARCANE MEALY BUG Ripersia sacchari Pseudococcidae Hemiptera
SUGARCANE LEAF HOPPER Pyrilla perpusilla Lophopidae Hemiptera
WOOLY APHID Ceratobvacuna lanigera Aphididae Hemiptera
WHITE FLY Aleurolobus barodensis Alerodidae Hemiptera
Continued…
SUGARCANE EARLY SHOOT BORER
Larva pupa
adultEgg
Attack 1-3 month old crop and cause Dead heart , which can be easily pulled out.
Rotten portion of the cane coloured dead heart emits an offensive odour.
A number of bore holes at the base of the shoot just above the ground level.
DEAD HEART
ROTTEN BASE WITH HOLE
SYMPTOMS OF DAMAGE
INTERNODE BORER
LarvaAdult
Larvae are white with a black head which later become creamy in colour with prominent brown spots
Body bearing stout hairs in each section of the body
Adult moths are yellowish or straw coloured with thin brown lines along the length of the forewings
Hind wings in females are white but slightly darker in males
SYMPTOMS OF DAMAGE
Constricted and shortened internodes, with a number of boreholes filled with excreta at nodal region.
Reddening of affected tissues inside the cane.
Fresh borer attack is mostly found in the top five immature internodes and its activity continues till harvest. Multiple holes
with excreta outside
Hole just above the node
SUGARCANE TOP BORER
AdultLarvaEggMilky white mothBrownish tuft of silken hair at the
tip of abdomen
Full grown larva is 25- 30mm
Long creamy white & rather sluggish.
Adult
Dull white elongate eggs
Covered by buff coloured hairs from female anal tuft
SYMPTOMS OF DAMAGE
Parallel rows of short holes in the emerging leaves causes a white streak which later turns reddish brownDead heart in grown up canes reddish brown in color which cannot be easily pulled .In tillering phase of the crop, the attacked shoots die, side shoots (tillers) develop producing a bunchy top appearance Bunchy
top
Parallel rows of
short holes
Time of planting
Early planting during December – January to escape the shoot borer incidence.
Manuring Avoid excess use nitrogenus fertilizers. Stalk borer and internode borer.
Trash mulching and earthing up Early shoot borer and Internode borer
Detrashing Internode borer and Stalk borer
Cultural control methodsIPM for Sugarcane borers
EARTHING UP
DETRASHING
MANURING
Use of pheromone traps @ 5/acre for monitoring of adult moths
Removal and destruction of infested cane Early shoot borer
Collection and destruction of eggs Internode borer and Top borer
Cultivation of resistance variety Co 975, Co 46, Co 7304, Co 312, Co 421, Co 661, Co 7706, CO 7005
Irrigation at closer intervals for managing
Practice deep harvesting to destroy stubbles
Early shoot borer
Removal of water shoots to destroy Top shoot borer
Biological control of sugarcane borer
For Early shoot borer :• Trichogramma chilonis
For Internode borer :• Trichogramma chilonis
For Top borer :• Trichogramma chilonis or T. japonicum • Isotima javensis
Release 50,000 Trichogramma sp./ha at 10-20 days interval from July onwards upto October against cane borer complex.
Release of Isotima javensis against 3rd and 4th broods of top borer.
S. inferens
I. javensis
Insecticide and formulation
Dosage Method and time of application
SHOOT BORERChlorpyrifos 20EC 1kg a.i ha -1 (5 litre) Soil drenching at planting
and if need be at 45 days after planting.
Cypermethrin10% EC
260-304 ml in 200-280 l of water/acre
Sprayed around the base of plants at 30days and if need be at 60days after planting.
Fipronil 5%SC 1500-2000 ml/ha Properly sprayed on crop canopy as well as basal part of the plant after 30-45 days of planting
NSKE 5 % 25 Kg/ha Sprayed on soil as well as on crop to prevent larval feeding
Chemical control of sugarcane borer
TOP BORERCarbofuran 3 G or Phorate 10 G
1 kg a.i./ha (33 kg) or 3 kg a.i./ha (30 kg)
Soil application during last week of June or first week of July against third brood of the pest in sub-tropical India.
INTER NODE BORERMonocrotophos 36 SL 3 kg a.i./ha (7.5 lit.)
Both foliar and Soil application during July-August.
Continued…
WHITE GRUB
The eggs are oval creamy white when fresh and later turn to brown in colour
The newly hatched grub is white & scarabaeiform
The pupa is exarate type and pupation takes place in soil
- Generally the adults are lamellate and males being smaller than female.- Dark brown beetles.
SYMPTOMS OF DAMAGEBoth grub and adult cause the damageGrub feeds on fine rootlets and then girdles of the main roots .Yellowing and wilting of leaves and finally dries outAffected canes come off easily when pulled
Cultural Methods Collection and destruction of
adult beetles from host trees. Picking of grubs manually from
field Repeated ploughing & exposing
various stages of grub to their natural enemies.
The use of light trap.Biological Methods Bacillus popillae (Bacteria) Beauveria bassiana (Fungus)
IPM strategy for White grub
Chemical Methods The adult can be
controlled by - Carbaryl 0.1% Monocrotophos
0.05% Chlorpyriphos 0.05%
The grub can be controlled by - Phorate 10 G @25
kg per ha. Carbofuran 3G @35
kg per ha.
(Light trap)
TERMITE Workers attack the newly planted setts and affect germination.
They enter through cut ends of setts & feed on the soft tissue.
The tunnel is filled with the soil. The termites attack setts, shoots,
canes and also stubbles Entire shoot dries up and can
be pulled out easily
SYMPTOMS OF DAMAGE
The use of partially decomposed manure should be avoidedLocate and destroy the termite colony near by fieldIrrigation water with crude oil emulsion. The removal of decaying organic matters cow dung,
wood or dry stubbles from the field. Setts treatment with Imidacloprid (0.1%) or
Chlorpyriphos 20 EC 0.04 % for 5 min. Application of well rotten Neem cake manure @ 60
Cartloads/ ha.Spray Chlorpyriphos 20%EC 750 ml/ha
IPM strategy for Termite
SUGARCANE LEAF HOPPER Pale greenish yellow eggs in clusters Eggs are laid on the underside of leaves,
covered over with a white filamentous waxy material secreted by the female
Newly hatched nymphs are milky white in color
They posses a characteristic feather like processes covered by wax
Adults are straw coloured with wings folded like a roof on the back
Head is prominently drawn forward as a sort of rostrum.
EGG
NYMPH
ADULT
SYMPTOMS OF DAMAGE
Adults and the nymphs suck leaf sap from the under surface of the lower leaves.Leaves become yellow, top leaves get dried up and lateral buds germinateHoppers exude honeydew, result the leaves are completely covered by the sooty mould. This affects photosynthesis.
Black sooty mould
Yellowing in leaf
Burn trashes after harvesting canes Remove lower leaves bearing egg cluster. Ratooning should be avoided Balance Nitrogen should be applied. Dust malathion 5% @ 40kg/ha. or Spray malathion 50 EC @ 1.25kga.i./ha. Release of 8,000-12,000 cocoons or 3.2 to 4
lakh eggs of Epiricania melanoleuca per ha. during July-August
Use Metarhizium anisopliae (fungal pathogen)
IPM strategy for Pyrilla
E. melanoleuca
Nymphs and adults feed by sucking the juice and cause shrivelling up and stunting of canes.
Nodal region is more infested than internodal region.
Infested crop losses its vigour, canes shrivel, non-opening of leaves & ultimately cane dries up
Such canes when slit open appear brownish red
SYMPTOMS OF DAMAGE
Node
SUGARCANE SCALE
CULTURAL PRACTICE: Stripping of cane leaves may minimize attack Select and plant the scale insect free setts Avoid water stagnation for the longer period Detrash the crop at 150th and 210th day of planting. Give hot water treatment before planting
CHEMICAL CONTROL: Presoak the setts in 0.1% solution Malathion 50 EC Spray 1.25 litres of Malathion 50 EC or 2 litres of
Di-methoate 30 EC in 1250 litres of water per ha Spray methyl demeton 25 EC @ 2ml/lit of water
IPM strategy for Sugarcane Scale
SUGARCANE MEALY BUG
SYMPTOMS OF DAMAGE
Pinkish oval insects beneath leaf sheath & on the nodes, with whitish waxy coating.
Nymph and adult suck juice from cane in group & reduces vigour of the plant
It also attack roots Honey dew secretion leads to development of
Sooty mould which gives blackish appearance to canes.
IPM strategy for Sugarcane Mealy bug
Use resistant varieties like CO 439, CO 443, CO 720, CO 730 Drain excess water from the field Detrash the crop on 150 and 210 Days After Planting. Apply methyl parathion 50 EC 1000 ml. Rubbing of setts with gunny bag pieces dipped in Malathion
(0.1% solution.) Biocontrol agentsBrumoides suturalisLeptomastix dactyolopii
B. suturalis L. dactyolopii(Predator)
(Parasitoid)
Nymphs and adultof C. lanigera
Alate (winged) formof C. lanigeraSYMPTOMS OF DAMAGE
Nymphs and adult feed in groups and weaken caneLeaves turn yellow color because of sucking sap by these aphidsSooty mould growth on lower leaves of woolly aphid infested plant.
SUGARCANE WOOLY APHID
( Affected plant leaves )
Removal of water shoots Detrashing of canes in woolly aphid prone areas.
IPM strategy for Sugarcane Woolly Aphid
Dipha aphidivora Micromus igorotus
Biocontrol agents
Syrphid larvae Aphelinus desantisi
( PREDATORS )
( PARASITOID )
Release of M. igorotus @ 2600 grubs/ha Release of Dipha aphidivora @ 1000 larvae/ha
Soil application of phorate 10G @ 10 kg or carbofuron 3G @ 30 kg /ha in
Foliar application of dimethoate 30 EC @ 0.05% acephate 75 SP @ 0.1% at 15-20 days interval depending on pest
population.
Synonycha grandis (Thunberg)
Megalocaria dilatata (Fabricius
Coelophora biplagiata (Swartz)
OTHER NATURAL PREDATORS
CHEMICAL CONTROL:
Management
• Avoid excessive use of nitrogenous fertilizers
• Nymphal parasitoids: Azotus delhiensis
Predators: Chilocorus nigritus Moncrotohphos 36 SL @ 2 lit /ha
REFERENCESAtwal, A.S. 1976. Agricultural Pests of India and South
East Asia. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana.
Vasantharaj David, B. 2003. Elements of Economic Entomology. Popular Book Depot,Coimbatore.
Vasantharaj David, B and Aanathakrishnan, T.N.. 2006. General and Applied Entomology. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing House, New Delhi.