Sugar Industry Report Industry Analytics A SEMINAR REPORT ON “SUGAR INDUSTRY IN INDIA” Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement of Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University , Bhilai (C.G.) For the award of MBA Degree Session 2009-10 Guided By: Submitted By:
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Sugar Industry Report Industry Analytics
ASEMINAR REPORT
ON
“SUGAR INDUSTRY IN INDIA”
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement of Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University , Bhilai (C.G.)
For the award of MBA Degree
Session 2009-10
Guided By: Submitted By:
Prof. Shhipra Sarkar Ms. NUPUR AGRAWALFaculty of Management MBA – I SEM ‘A’
Faculty of Management
Disha Institute Of Management And Technology (DIMAT)Satya Vihar, Vidhansabha, Chandrakhuri Marg, Raipur (C.G.)
Sugar Industry Report Industry Analytics
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Ms NUPUR AGRAWAL,Of DIMAT, MBA Semester –I has successfully completed the Seminar Report in partial fulfillment of requirement for the award of MBA Degree prescribed by the Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekananda Technical University, Bhillai.
This report is the record of authentic work carried out by the student during the academic year 2009-10.
Internal Guide Academic Head (Faculty of Management) (Faculty of Management)
Sugar Industry Report Industry Analytics
DECLARATION
I, Miss. NUPUR AGRAWAL hereby declare that the Seminar Report entitled “SUGAR INDUSTRY IN INDIA” is a genuine work done by me and all the information collected is the record of authentic work carried out by me during the acedmic year 2009-2010.
------------------- (Signature) Ms. NUPUR AGRAWAL
MBA I SEM Section A
Sugar Industry Report Industry Analytics
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my sincere thanks to Prof. Shhipra sarkar , for guidance and support in making this report effective. Also I would like to express my deepest gratitude towards Mr. Ayush Agrawal, Ms. Shrutika Sangodkar, Mr. A.S.Samarth for helping me in making this report more conclusive. I hope you will find this report as a valuable asset while studying Agriculture and youth interests and youth opportunity towards it. Needless to add that I shall look forward to your valuable feedback including the grey areas so as to incorporate them.
Ms. NUPUR AGRAWAL MBA I SEM
Section A
Sugar Industry Report Industry Analytics
CONTENTS1. CHAPTER 1-
INTRODUCTION- HISTORY OF SUGAR
RAW MATERIALS PROCESSED
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
2. CHAPTER 2-
INDUSTRY ANALYSIS- INDUSTRY DESCRIPTION
SUBSTITUTE PRODUCTS
BY- PRODUCTS
3. CHAPTER 3-
INDIAN SCENARIO- HISTORY OF SUGAR IN INDIA
CURRENT INDIAN SCENARIO
CONTRIBUTION TO NATIONAL ECONOMY
EXPORT & IMPORT
INDIA’S DEMAND-SUPPLY
SUGAR PRODUCTION
SUGAR CONSUMPTION
4. CHAPTER 4-
BUSINESS ANALYSIS- INTRODUCTION
PERFORMANCE OF SUGAR INDUSTRY
SWOT ANALYSIS
ORDERS ANSD ACTS OF SI
5. CHAPTER 5-
MARKET LEADERS- INTRODUCTION
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TOP 5 PLAYERS IN INDUSTRY
6. CHAPTER 6-
FUTURE OF SUGAR INDUSTRY
GROWTH POTENTIAL
7. CHAPTER 7- CHHATTISGARH SUGAR INDUSTRY
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Sugar Industry Report Industry Analytics
Chapter – 1
INTRODUCTION
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History of “SUGAR”
India has been known as the original home of sugar and sugar cane. Indian
mythology supports the above fact as it contains some legends showing the
origin of sugar cane. The growth the sugar industry is full of tales of adventure
and conquest. It received attention of the builders of different Empires from time
to time.
About 800 B.C. sugar cane was perhaps taken eastward, i.e. China, where it
found suitable soil for development. About 327 B.C. when Alexander the great,
invaded India he and his soldiers were the First Europeans to see sugar cane in
India. On their return westward they took sugar cane to Europe, but it was about
700 A.D. that it is was actually cultivated there. It was between the fourth and
sixth centuries that the art of making sugar was discovered in India. The cane
was cut into pieces and crushed by a heavy weight and the juice thus obtained
was boiled and stirred until solids formed. These solids being of uneven shapes
and sizes were called “Sarkara”, the Sanskrit term for gravel. The modern word
“Sugar” is a derivative of the word “Sarkara”. The larger solids were called Khand
from which the word Candy has been derived.
The Chinese Emperor, Tsai-Hang sent a mission to Bihar in about 600 A.D. to
ascertain and study the art of sugar manufacture. From India the knowledge of
sugar making went over to Persia. It would thus be seen that India has been the
original home of sugar cane as also sugar manufacture.
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Raw Materials Processed
1. Carbohydrates present in many plants having more or less sweet taste are
called as Sugar. The primary sugar, glucose, is a product of
photosynthesis and occurs in all green plants. In most plants, the sugars
occur as a mixture that cannot readily be separated into the components.
In the sap of some plants, the sugar mixtures are condensed into syrup.
Juices of sugar cane and sugar beet are rich in pure sucrose, although
beet sugar is generally much less sweet than cane sugar. These two
sugar crops are the main sources of the commercial sucrose.
2. Sugar cane: Sugar cane is a thick, tall, perennial grass that flourishes in
the tropical or subtropical regions. Sugar synthesized in the leaves is used
as a source of energy for growth or is sent to the stalks for storage. It is
the sweet sap in the stalks that is the source of sugar. The reed
accumulates sugar to about 15 percent of its weight. Sugar cane yields
about 2,600,000 tons of sugar per year. Sugar cane takes about seven
months to mature in a tropical area and about 12-22 months in a
subtropical area. At this time, fields of sugar cane are tested for sucrose,
and the most mature fields are harvested first.
3. Sugar Beet: Sugar beet is a beetroot variety with the highest sugar
content, for which it is specially cultivated. While typically white both inside
and out, some beet varieties have black or yellow skins. About 3,700,000
tons of sugar is extracted from sugar beet.
4. Other sugar crops include sweet sorghum, sugar maple, honey, and corn
sugar. The types of sugar used today are white sugar (fully refined sugar),
composed of clear, colorless or crystal fragments; or brown sugar; which
is less fully refined and contains a greater amount of treacle residue, from
which it obtains its colour.
Sugar Industry Report Industry Analytics
2.3 The Manufacturing Process
1) Planting and harvesting
Sugar cane requires an average temperature of 75 degrees Fahrenheit
(23.9 degrees)
Many developed countries do harvesting of both cane and sugar beet by
machine; although in many developing countries it is also done by hand.
The harvested cane stalks and beets are loaded mechanically or
physically into trucks or tractors and taken to mills for processing into raw
sugar. Once there, they are cleaned, washed, milled to extract juice,
filtered, and purified. The result is a clear, sugar-filled juice.
Sugar Industry Report Industry Analytics
2) Preparation and Processing
After the cane arrives at the sugar mills, it is mechanically or physically
unloaded and excessive soil and rocks are removed. The cane is cleaned
by flooding the carrier with warm water or by spreading the cane on
conveyors that pass through strong jets of water and combing drums (to
remove larger amounts of rocks, trash, and leaves, etc.). At this point, the
cane is clean and ready to be milled.
After being purified, the clear juice undergoes vacuum evaporation to
remove most of the water. In this process, four vacuum-boiling cells are
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arranged in series so that each succeeding cell has a higher vacuum. The
vapors from one body can thus boil the juice in the next one, a method
called multiple-effect evaporation. Next, the syrup solution is vacuum-
crystallized to form sugar crystals. The remaining liquid is removed using
centrifugal and drying, and the sugar is packaged.
3) Juice extraction pressing
Two or three heavily grooved crusher rollers break the cane and extract a
large part of the juice, or swing-hammer type shredders (1,200 RPM)
shred the cane without extracting the juice. Revolving knives cutting the
stalks into chips are supplementary to the crushers. (In most countries, the
shredder precedes the crusher.) A combination of two, or even all three,
methods may be used. The pressing process involves crushing the stalks
between the heavy and grooved metal rollers to separate the fiber
(bagasse) from the juice that contains the sugar.
As the cane is crushed, hot water (or a combination of hot water and
recovered impure juice) is sprayed onto the crushed cane counter
currently as it leaves each mill for diluting. The extracted juice, called
vesou, contains 95 percent or more of the sucrose present. The mass is
then diffused, a process that involves finely cutting or shredding the stalks.
Next, the sugar is separated from the cut stalks by dissolving it in hot
water or hot juice.
4) Purification of juice—clarification and evaporation
The juice from the mills, a dark green color, is acid and turbid. The
clarification (or defecation) process is designed to remove both soluble
and insoluble impurities (such as sand, soil, and ground rock) that have
not been removed by preliminary screening. The process employs lime
and heat as the clarifying agents. Milk of lime (about one pound per ton of
cane) neutralizes the natural acidity of the juice, forming insoluble lime
salts. Heating the lime juice to boiling coagulates the albumin and some of
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the fats, waxes, and gums, and the precipitate formed entraps suspended
solids as well as the minute particles.
The mud’s separate from the clear juice through sedimentation. The non-
sugar impurities are removed by continuous filtration. The final clarified
juice contains about 85 percent water and has the same composition as
the raw extracted juice except for the removed impurities.
To concentrate this clarified juice, about two-thirds of the water is removed
through vacuum evaporation. Generally, four vacuum-boiling cells or
bodies are arranged in series so that each succeeding body has a higher
vacuum (and therefore boils at a lower temperature). The vapors from one
body can thus boil the juice in the next one—the steam introduced into the
first cell does what is called multiple-effect evaporation. The vapor from
the last cell goes to a condenser. The syrup leaves the last body
continuously with about 65 percent solids and 35 percent water.
5) Crystallization
Crystallization is the next step in the manufacture of sugar. Crystallization
takes place in a single-stage vacuum pan. The syrup is evaporated until
saturated with sugar. As soon as the saturation point has been exceeded,
small grains of sugar are added to the pan, or "strike." These small grains,
called seed, serve as nuclei for the formation of sugar crystals. (Seed
grain is formed by adding 56 ounces [1,600 grams] of white sugar into the
bowl of a slurry machine and mixing with 3.3 parts of a liquid mixture: 70
percent ethylated spirit and 30 percent glycerin. The machine runs at 200
RPM for 15 hours.) Additional syrup is added to the strike and evaporated
so that the original crystals that were formed are allowed to grow in size.
The growth of the crystals continues until the pan is full. When sucrose
concentration reaches the desired level, the dense mixture of syrup and
sugar crystals, called massecuite, is discharged into large containers
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known as crystallizers. Crystallization continues in the crystallizers as the
massecuite is slowly stirred and cooled.
Massecuite from the mixers is allowed to flow into centrifugals, where the
thick syrup, or molasses, is separated from the raw sugar by centrifugal
force.
6) Centrifugaling
The high-speed centrifugal action used to separate the massecuite into
raw sugar crystals and molasses is done in revolving machines called
centrifugals. A centrifugal machine has a cylindrical basket suspended on
a spindle, with perforated sides lined with wire cloth, inside which are
metal sheets containing 400 to 600 perforations per square inch. The
basket revolves at speeds from 1,000 to 1,800 RPM. The raw sugar is
retained in the centrifuge basket because the perforated lining retains the
sugar crystals. The mother liquor, or molasses, passes through the lining
(due to the centrifugal force exerted). The final molasses (blackstrap
The Government has been following a dual pricing policy for sugar, under which,
a fixed percentage of the total production is to be necessarily sold by the sugar
mills to the Government or its nominees at a pre-determined price referred to as
"levy sugar". The sugar so collected is distributed to consumers through Fair
Price Shops under the Public Distribution System.
The balance sugar referred to as "free sale sugar" can be sold in the open
market. Free sale sugar is also regulated to some extent, by way of a release
mechanism, whereby the Government determines the quantum of sugar that can
be sold every month. This helps the Government maintain stability in sugar
prices, by regulating the supply of sugar based on the underlying demand. Thus,
the Government statutorily determines the price of levy sugar, while the price for
the free market sugar is market determined, affected to some extent by the
release mechanism. As per Tuteja Committee, the Central Government decided,
in February 2002, to dispense with the release mechanism with effect from April
1, 2003. However, in March 2003, it was decided to continue with the release
mechanism up to September 2005 and to review the position in February 2005.
The Tuteja Committee has also recommended that the Central Government may
dispense with the release mechanism for free sale sugar with effect from October
1, 2005.
The levy imposed has reduced from 40% in the 1990s to 10% effective from March 2002.
The Tuteja Committee has also recommended continuing with the 10% levy obligation
level. The Committee has also recommended that beyond the initial time limit, a
maximum of 3 months may be permitted for lifting of levy sugar by the Government,
where after, the levy sugar quota would automatically be converted into free sale sugar,
without any recurring levy obligation on this portion of levy sugar.
Sugar Industry Report Industry Analytics
6.6 SWOT ANALYSIS
Strengths:
India being a tropical country is ideal for growing sugar cane.
India is the second largest sugar producing country in the world
Weakness:
Restriction on Corporates for sugar farming.
Lack of producers control on quality, quantity and cost of sugarcane.
Restriction on setting up ofsugar plants in the vicinity of 15 kms from the existing unit.
State Govt. controls the allocation of the sugar cane areas for sugar units
Sales regulated by release order mechanism
Opportunities:
Maximization of sugar recovery.
Greater value addition from the by products.
Threats:
Highly fragmented industry.
Highly seasonal leading to unavailability of cane and hence mismatch in demand supply
Sugar Industry Report Industry Analytics
6.7 Orders and Acts for Sugar Industry
Essential Commodities Act, 1955: The objective of the EC Act is to control the
production, supply, distribution and trade & commerce in the essential
commodity. Under the sub-section 3(3C), levy sugar price is required to be fixed
by the Central Government having regard to:
a) The minimum price fixed for sugar cane by the Central Government;
b) The manufacturing cost of sugar;
c) The duty or tax payable thereon; and
d) The securing of a reasonable return on the capital employed in the
business of manufacturing sugar.
It is also provided that different prices may be determined from time to time for
different areas or factories or for different kinds of sugar.
Sugar Export Promotion Act: Export can be made voluntarily, But, resorting to
export of sugar, would not exempt any sugar mill either from its obligation to
supply levy sugar which is requisitioned by the Government in terms of Section
3(2) (f) of the EC Act, 1955, or to effect sale of sugar in open market in
compliance of the month-to-month release orders issued by the Government.
Sugar Cess Act, 1982: Provides for the imposition of a cess on sugar for the
development of sugar industry and for matters connected therewith.
Sugar Development Fund Act, 1982: Formation of Sugar Development Fund to
be applied for the purpose of rendering financial assistance through loans at
concessional rates for rehabilitation and modernisation of sugar factories as well
Sugar Industry Report Industry Analytics
as for sugar cane development and for encouraging research aimed at
development for sugar industry by making grants.
Levy Sugar Price Equalization Fund Act (LSPEF Act), 1976: Provides for the
establishment, in the public interest, of a fund to ensure that the price of levy
sugar may be uniform throughout India and for matters connected therewith or
incidental thereto.
Excise and taxes
Some of the state governments impose purchase cess on the sugar cane
purchases made by the sugar mills, which varies from state to state. The states
of Assam, Nagaland, Rajasthan, Orissa, West Bengal & Goa which produce
small quantities of cane, however, do not levy cess on the sugar cane purchases.
The GOI charges a higher excise duty on free sale sugar in comparison to levy
quota, so as to recover the subsidy provided for PDS supply. In addition, under
the Sugar Cess Act 1982, a cess is charged to sugar sold in the domestic
market, which directly goes to Sugar Development Fund (SDF). Currently the
government levies an excise duty of Rs380 per ton on levy sugar and Rs710 per
ton on free sale sugar. In addition Rs140 per ton is levied as cess for domestic
sale of sugar.
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Sugar Industry Report Industry Analytics
Chapter – 5
MARKET LEADERS
Sugar Industry Report Industry Analytics
7.1 Introduction
The sugar in Industry is highly fragmented with none of the market players
having more than 3 percent of the market share. Although cooperatives account
for around 43 percent of the total production in the sugar industry, their share has
gradually declined.
Sugar mills in India have capacity ranging from below 1,250 tonnes crushed per
day (TCD) of sugar cane to 10,000 TCD. The Government has now established
minimum capacity criteria for new sugar mills standing at 2,500 TCD.
Most of the private sugar industry groups are either expanding their capacities or
adding new units. The sharp rise in investment could be attributed to the Sugar
Policy announced by the UP Government in the year 2004. Under the new frame
work, a capital subsidy and reimbursement of transportation cost of sugar would
be given to the private companies, which set up new sugar manufacturing
facilities or expand the existing ones during 2005 - 07.
The Top 5 players in the Industry are:
Bajaj Hindustan Limited
Balrampur Chini Mills Limited
Triveni Engineering and Industries Limited
DCM Shriram
Dhampur Sugar Mills
Sugar Industry Report Industry Analytics
CHAPTER – 6
FUTURE OF SUGAR
INDUSTRY
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9.1 Growth Potential
World sugar production during the SY 2006 is estimated to increase by 3.7
percent to 147.8 Mt, almost to the projected sugar consumption of 148 Mt. The
bulk of the growth is expected to be accounted for developing countries, led by
record harvest in Brazil, and recovery in India. Brazilian sugar production is
estimated to increase 3.5 percent in SY2006 to 30 Mt because of favourable
weather conditions. Output in China is expected to increase 6 percent to 10.7 Mt.
India’s sugar production is also expected to increase more 40 percent.
World sugar consumption is expected to increase 2 percent in SY2006 to 148 Mt,
because of expected growth in consumption in the developing countries of the
Far-East and Latin America. Sugar consumption is expected to increase in
developing countries along with the rise in income and population. Consumption
in the developed countries is expected to remain unchanged. The price of sugar
is expected to increase in the future due to conversion of sugar cane into alcohol
and fuel in Brazil. Around 55 percent of Brazilian sugar cane is converted into
alcohol for fuel.
Sugar Industry gearing-up for the future
Although the sugar industry in India is cyclical in nature, the sugar companies are
gearing their resources to tap the existing as well as future opportunities. The
sugar companies are getting higher realization from the changing demand-supply
scenario.
In respect of taxation the state governments may bring sugar under 4 percent
Value Added Tax (VAT), which might result in price in the coming years. Several
Indian companies are also expanding their capacities in order to anticipate the
future demand.
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Pilot Project to cultivate sugar beet
Sugar beet a major sugar producing crop of the Europe, Russia and the US, will
also be cultivated in India in near future in the state of Maharashtra. The pilot
project will be undertaken from October, where 100 hectares of sugar beet will be
grown in two districts. Sugar recovery from sugar beet is 15 –16 percent per
tonne, while in sugarcane it is 11 percent.
Sugar Industry Report Industry Analytics
Future Import duty reduction
The Government of India is planning to reduce import duty on sugar from 60
percent to 20 percent, this is being done in order to import additional one million
tonne of sugar. The WTO-bound tariff rate for sugar is 150 percen, while the
applied duty is 60 percent along with a countervailing duty of Rs. 850 a tonne.
The Governments intends to reduce the duty to 20 percent, but the countervailing
duty will remain same.
By-product Utilization:
The use of ethanol in petrol is likely to increase in the coming years. Government
of India has made it mandatory to blend 5 percent with petrol in various parts of
the country and it is likely that the same will be increased to 10 percent in the
near future. This also will benefit the Indian Oil companies by making use of
ethanol over gasoline in petrol. This utilization of ethanol will boost the
investment in the sugar industry in the coming years.
Finally, the improved financial performance, investment in expansion, higher
realization from by-products and shortage in international market will improve the
condition of the Sugar India in the coming years.
Sugar Industry Report Industry Analytics
C
CHAPTER - 7
CHHATTISGARH
SUGAR INDUSTRY
Sugar Industry Report Industry Analytics
SUGAR INDUSTRY IN
CHHATTISGARH
Chhattisgarh sugar industry has two sugar factories located in two parts of the
state. Two sugar factories in chhattisgarh are-
1. NAVEEN JINDAL (Sarangarh).
2. CHHATTISGARH S.S.K LTD.(Khurd).
The sugar production in Chhattisgarh largely depends on the rainfall experienced during monsoon. The more the rainfall is, the better will be the sugar production. The state has been witnessing a good monsoon followed by a heave growth in the sugar industry during 1998-2003. The production of sugar was heavy all over India and Chhattisgarh being a novice in this industry, witnessed a good start in the sector. Considering this growth in the sugar industry in India, the Indian Government fixed a sum as Statutory Minimum Price (SMP) for sugarcane manufacturing and this was regulated by Clause 3 of the Sugarcane Order. It was also approved by Commission for Agricultural Coast and Prices (CACP) and various state governments. During 2004-05, the SMP was fixed at a rate of Rs. 74.50 per quintal with a staple retrieval of 8.5 percent.
In 1982, the Government of India established a Sugar Development Fund with the aim to finance the industry in order to implement better technologies in sugar manufacturing. Considering the encouraging growth in the sugar industry in India, the Indian government decided to include few more states of India in the production of sugar and Chhattisgarh was thereby chosen as one of
Sugar Industry Report Industry Analytics
them. The government of India has sanctioned huge amounts of loans for the advancement of sugar industry in Chhattisgarh which has borne fruit since there has been a huge growth in the sugar industry of Chhattisgarh, though it is yet to attain its full potential.
Apart from sugar production, Chhattisgarh sugar industry is involved in sugarcane cultivation as well. Sweets and products of sugar are heavily consumed in parts of Chhattisgarh. This has led to an alarming rise in the sugar industry in Chhattisgarh. Both the sugar factories located in Chhattisgarh have a crushing capacity of 2500 TCD. Sugar factories are being established in different parts of the country including rural areas. Rural areas in India are experiencing better growth in the sugar production. Traditional sweeteners and sugarcanes are the most wanted products consumed by the rural population. The inhabitants in Chhattisgarh depend largely on the sweet products not only of their festivals but also sweets and other sugar products are a basic stuff which every household prefers there. This has been one of the most significant factors that has led to the success of Chhattisgarh sugar industry.
Sugar Industry Report Industry Analytics
.
Sugar Industry Report Industry Analytics
Sugar Industry in ChhattisgarhSugar Factories Details
Chhattisgarh Sugar Industry has two sugar factories located in two parts of the state. Sarangarh and Khurd are the two towns where sugar factories have been set up for manufacturing sugar. The sugar industry has just started developing in Chhattisgarh recently. the 2 sugar factories of Chhattisgarh are as follows: Naveen Jindal (located in Sarang Garh, Dist. Raigarh) Chhattisgarh S.S.K. Ltd (located in Kurud, Dist. Raipur) The sugar production in Chhattisgarh largely depends on the rainfall experienced during monsoon. The more the rainfall is, the better will be the sugar production. The state has been witnessing a good monsoon followed by a heave growth in the sugar industry during 1998-2003. The production of sugar was heavy all over India and Chhattisgarh being a novice in this industry, witnessed a good start in the sector. Considering this growth in the sugar industry in India, the Indian Government fixed a sum as Statutory Minimum Price (SMP) for sugarcane manufacturing and this was regulated by Clause 3 of the Sugarcane Order. It was also approved by Commission for Agricultural Coast and Prices (CACP) and various state governments. During 2004-05, the SMP was fixed at a rate of Rs. 74.50 per quintal with a staple retrieval of 8.5 percent.
In 1982, the Government of India established a Sugar Development Fund with the aim to finance the industry in order to implement better technologies in sugar manufacturing. Considering the encouraging growth in the sugar industry in India, the Indian government decided to include few more states of India in the production of sugar and Chhattisgarh was thereby chosen as one of them. The government of India has sanctioned huge amounts of loans for the advancement of sugar industry in Chhattisgarh which has borne fruit since there has been a huge growth in the sugar industry of Chhattisgarh, though it is yet to attain its full potential.
Apart from sugar production, Chhattisgarh sugar industry is involved in sugarcane cultivation as well. Sweets and products of sugar are heavily consumed in parts of Chhattisgarh. This has led to an alarming rise in the sugar industry in Chhattisgarh. Both the sugar factories located in Chhattisgarh have a crushing capacity of 2500 TCD. Sugar factories are being established in different parts of the country including rural areas. Rural areas in India are experiencing better growth in the sugar production. Traditional sweeteners and sugarcanes are the most wanted products consumed by the rural population. The inhabitants in Chhattisgarh depend largely on the sweet products not only of their festivals but also sweets and other sugar products are a basic stuff which every household prefers there. This has been one of the most significant factors that has led to the success of Chhattisgarh sugar industry.