Sugar industry

TREATMENT OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATERS -

SUGAR INDUSTRY

PREPARED BY:AQUIB NASIR RAZI USN 2SD11CV009DIBYAJYOTI SARMA USN 2SD11CV020NEERAJ KUMAR USN 2SD11CV051

CONTENTS History Sugar producing countries How sugar is made.. Sugar industry effluent characteristics. Flow chart for treating wastewaters of

a sugar mill. A case study of Sir Shadi Sugar Mill

Ltd. References.

HISTORYYEAR EVENTS

Many thousand years ago(a firm date unknown)

The extraction of sugar cane juice from the sugar cane plant.

Around 5th century A.D.

Indians discovered how to crystallize sugar by the time of the Imperial Guptas.

By 6th century A.D.

Sugar cultivation and processing had reached Persia.

Beginning in 16th century.

The spread of cultivation and manufacture of cane sugar to the West Indies and tropical parts of the Americas.

19th and 20th century.

The development of beet sugar, high fructose corn syrup and other sweeteners.

SUGAR PRODUCING COUNTRIES

HOW SUGAR IS MADE Approximately 70%

is produced from sugarcane. The remaining 30%

is produced from sugar beet.SUGAR BEET

SUGARCANE

The crop is harvested mechanically or by hand, chopped into lengths and conveyed rapidly to the processing plant.

It is milled and the juice extracted is then clarified with lime and heated to kill enzymes. The resulting thin syrup is concentrated in a series of evaporators, after which further water is removed by evaporation in vacuum containers.

The resulting supersaturated solution is seeded with sugar crystals and the sugar crystallizes out and is separated from the fluid and dried.

The crystals of raw sugar have a sticky brown coating and either can be used as they are or can be bleached by sulfur dioxide or can be treated in a carbonatation process to produce a whiter product.

POLLUTION CHARACERISTICS Moderate BOD (300- 2000 mg/l)

High COD (600- 4400 mg/l)

High volatile solids (400- 2200 mg/l)

Low pH ( 4.6 – 7.1)

SUGAR INDUSTRY EFFLUENT CHARACTERISTICS

SUGGESTED TREATMENTS

Anaerobic treatment using Digestors or Lagoons is found to be very effective and economical.(However it needs to be preceded by Screens and Grease traps.)

Where sufficient land is available, two stage biological treatments with Anaerobic lagoons followed by Aerobic stabilisation ponds gives very good effluents for Indian conditions .

FLOWCHART FOR TREATING WASTEWATERS OF A SUGAR MILL

FLOWCHART FOR TREATING WASTEWATERS OF A SUGAR MILL

• It is required when the discharge rate is not uniform or continuous.

• Equalization consist of holding the waste for some pre-determined time, so as to achieve an effluent of fairly uniform characteristics.

ANAEROBIC LAGOON

AERATED LAGOON

AEROBIC PONDS ANAEROBIC PONDS

• Shallow earthen basins.• Depths-

0.5 to 1.5 ft. ( to maximize production of algae)5 ft. ( to maximize amount of oxygen).

• Conversion efficiencies for BOD5 of up to 95 % are obtainable.

• Flowchart for treating wastewaters of a sugar mill

• Deep earthen basins.• Depths-

30 ft.(to maintain anaerobic conditions)

• Conversion efficiencies for BOD5 of up to 70 % are obtainable.

• Flowchart for treating wastewaters of a sugar mill

CASE STUDY: SIR SHADI SUGAR MILL LTD. Located in Muzaffarnager district of Western Uttar

Pradesh . During 2011-12 the treated and untreated effluent sample

were collected and brought into laboratory for studying Physicochemical parameters like Color, temperature, pH, DO, BOD,COD, TDS, TS, TSS, Chlorides, Sulphate and Oil & grease, heavy metals seed germination pattern of some important cereal crops.

Untreated sugar mill effluent was found to have high contents of COD, BOD, TSS, TDS, and low contents of DO.

The high concentration of untreated effluents were found to inhibit the germination of cereal crops.

According to the permissible limit suggested by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) the untreated effluents is toxic to plant so it is not permissible for irrigation.

The treated effluents of sugar industry were not highly polluted and they satisfied the BIS Indian standards values.

H2S FLASHPOINT – 500⁰ FAHRENHEITEND OF CIGARETTE BURNS AT 1400⁰ F

CONCLUSION Untreated effluent exhibits high COD,

BOD, TDS contents which could be toxic to plants and aquatic life.

Hence it needs to be treated based on the composition of the waste and its volume.

REFERENCES Wastewater Engineering: Metcalf & Eddy Sewage disposal and air pollution engineering:

S.K.Garg( Khanna Publishers) Waste Water Treatment : M.N.RAO and A.K.DATTA

(Oxford & IBH Publishing Co.) “A Comparative Study of Sugar Mill Treated and

Untreated Effluent- A Case Study” : Weqar A. SIDDIQUI And MUHAMMAD WASEEM,Oriental Journal Of Chemistry

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaerobic_lagoon http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerated_lagoon https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MIgavNuBRRA