SUERVEY RESULTS OF THE STATUS OF THE …rcaro.org/webroot/file/opp_f/survey_on_the_medical_kabir.doc · Web viewDr Nabil Morcos Leader, Research and Development ANSTO Radiopharmaceuticals

CONTENTS

1

SURVEY ON THE MADICAL APPLICATIONS

OF RADIATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE

MEMBER STATES

September, 2005

Kabir HossainBangladesh Atomic Energy Commission

Le Thi Phu VanNuclear Research Institute

I. Introduction

II. RCA and RCA Regional Office

III. Survey Results on the Medical Applications of Radiation Technologies in

the RCA Member States

IV. Survey the Regional and International Development and Financial

Organizations Related to Human Health Activities

V. Concluding Remarks

VI. Acronyms Related to Human Health

2

I. INTRODUCTION

The mandate of the Regional Cooperative Agreement Regional Office (RCARO) is to

increase RCA awareness and promoting partnerships for RCA programme. In order to

carry out this mandate more successfully, it is needed to learn the status of current and

potential end-users in radiation applications of the Member States (MSs). The studies on

the status of human health related activities of the RCA Member States and regional &

international development and financial organizations for the use as a database is a

substantial notion of the RCARO. This will assist the Member States in pursuit of

deriving medical applications of radiation technologies for the socioeconomic

development of respective MSs. It will also be benefited for RCA project participants

for maintaining close relationships with the end-users.

Apart from the aforementioned, the invited staff from the RCA Member States to

RCARO will also assist to (i) gather knowledge and experience on RCA management

through the working in an institute of excellence in the region (ii) develop inter personal

relationship through out the programme which will be beneficial for the strengthening

of inter institutional cooperation (iii) enhance the understanding about the Korean

experience on effective use of nuclear technology for its socioeconomic development.

The applications of radiation technologies are widely utilized in MSs to meet the basic

human needs and to enhance the capacity buildup in Thematic Areas viz., Agriculture,

Health, Industry, Environment, Energy/Research Reactors/Waste Management, and

Radiation Protection. For developing medical application, radiation technologies are

used in the field of nuclear medicine, applied radiation biology and radiation therapy,

dosimetry and medical radiation physics, and nutrition and human related

environmental studies. Due to the proper utilization of radiation technologies in human

health sector recently life expectancy has risen dramatically in the developing countries.

The nuclear technologies are employed in numerous ways in the medical field. In

developing countries; emphasis is placed on preventive medicine, early detection of

hepatitis and neonatal hypothyroidism, accurate evaluation of nutritional deficiencies

and timely diagnosis of common hereditary diseases. The application of radiation

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technologies are span in many disciplines- such as radioimmunoassay, radiotherapy,

radiopharmaceutical productions and sterilization techniques for transplantation and

medical instruments.

Radiation techniques are being adapted to treat cancer in the developing world. IAEA

also give the priority for the establishment of quality assurance programme for radiation

dosimetry and treatment of cancer. One of the treatments is for advanced cervical

cancer, which is the most common female cancer.

In the field of public health, RCA has supported projects on the measurement of the

level of toxic elements in foodstuffs, treatment of cervix cancer by radiotherapy,

management of liver cancer using transarterial therapy. The RCA has recognized the

value of health care in the Southeast Asian region and has contributed establishing

Human Tissue Banks to serve the region. Chemical compounds labeled with short-lived

radioactive isotopes are useful for diagnostic purposes, especially to study how well an

organ is functioning.

The RCA programme has proven to be an effective mechanism for increasing regional

self-reliance, fostering linkages and collaboration amongst its MSs through consensus.

It has been able to produce tangible outputs from participation in well designed projects,

despite the varying stages of development and diversity among Member States.

The success of the RCA as a reliable regional framework for cooperation is linked to the

unique benefits provided by the application of nuclear science and technology to

address regional needs. To further develop and strengthen technical cooperation among

the regional MSs and to achieve Millennium Development Goals for sustainability

through regional cooperation in radiation technology, the RCARO has incepted in

Daejeon, Korea for the overall benefit of the region.

The Human Health related IAEA/RCA projects for 2005-2006 cycle are-

Distant Assisted Training for Nuclear Medicine Technicians (EXTENSION)

Distance Education in Radiation Oncology (CONTINUATION)

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Strengthening Medical Physics through Education and Training (EXTENSION)

Improvement in QA for Brachytherapy of Frequent Cancers in the Region

(NEW)

Prevention of Osteoporosis and Promotion of Bone Mass in Asian Populations

using a Food-based Approach (NEW)

Tumor Imaging Using Radioisotopes (NEW)

II. RCA AND RCA REGIONAL OFFICE

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A. REGIONAL COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT (RCA)

RCA-a window to the future-acronym stands for Regional Co-operative Agreement for

the co-operation with each other and with the IAEA to promote and co-ordinate co-

operative research, development (R&D) and training projects in nuclear science and

technology through their appropriate national institutions in East Asia and the Pacific

region under the auspices of the IAEA. It is an intergovernmental agreement.

It was about 45 years ago (early 1960s), the IAEA, India and the Philippines came

together under a three-way agreement to jointly operate an Indian neutron diffraction

machine in the Philippines and was called the “India-Philippines-IAEA (IPA)

Agreement”. Other inter-country activities on nuclear technology applications followed.

Their success begged the question: why not develop a structure for promoting inter-

country collaboration? This laid the foundation of the Regional Co-operative Agreement

(RCA) and was formalized in 1972, involving the Agency and ten government parties

of the Asia and the Pacific region. The earliest signatories to the original agreement,

according to the records we have seen were the following: India (7 June 72), Vietnam

(12 June 72), Indonesia (16 Oct 72), Thailand (4 Dec 72), Philippines (17 April 73),

Singapore (Sept. 74), Pakistan (6 Sept 74), Korea (9 Oct 74) Bangladesh (23 Oct 74)

and Sri Lanka (9 Mar 76); now there are seventeen (17) in RCA which are as follows:

Australia, Bangladesh, People's Republic of China, India, Indonesia Republic of Korea,

Japan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, New Zealand, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore,

Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam. The newest members are Mongolia (1922), Myanmar

(1994) and New Zealand (1994).

The RCA agreement has the IAEA as a partner, not a party. It is one of four regional

cooperative agreements under the aegis of the IAEA. The other three-a pioneering

approach in the United Nations-has been replicated are ARCAL for Latin America,

formed in 1984, and AFRA, for Africa, formed in 1990 and ARASIA for Middle East

(formed in 2002). Of the four agreements the RCA can be considered the most mature,

most committed, and enviable. It is the most mature being the longest, not necessarily

the oldest, running regional agreement – in its 33rd year now; it is most committed

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since many member states are now not only participating actively in its activities but

also contributing financially to support projects; it is enviable since it is a model for

other regional projects and is a pioneering approach to Technical Cooperation among

Developing Countries (TCDC) in the United Nations System.

The functions of IAEA within the framework of the Agreement is: to perform the

secretariat duties required under the agreement; to support the co-operative projects

through technical assistance and other IAEA programmes, as resources allow; to

administer the project funds; and, to prepare an annual report. The IAEA is not a

signatory to the RCA.

The vision of RCA is:

Security and Safety of Food & Nutrient

To produce cheap & nutritious food

Health Care

Good health care at affordable price for mass population

Industrial Development

To improve economy & provide employment

Energy

Fuel of the economy

Depletion of conventional sources

Environmental Care & Protection

Efficient technology ensuring environmental integrity

Since 1995, RCA has re-focused its activities to reflect the increasing ability of the

developing states to support their own activities scientifically and the global trend

towards research that is more applied and focused upon the needs of end-users. The new

mission of RCA is to be recognized as the source of regional competence in nuclear

science applications, to ensure a problem-solving focus in its activities, and to widen the

range of funding sources.

During last three decades RCA has shown remarkable achievements in the following

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Thematic Areas:

Agriculture:

Asian Regional Project on Radiation Preservation of Fish and Fishery

Food Irradiation of Food and Horticulture Products

Mutation Breeding (more than 500 varieties)

Industry:

NDT :radiography, ultrasonic testing, magnetic particle testing, liquid penetrant

testing and Eddy current testing

NCS : Pulp & paper, coal and petro-chemical industries

Tracer Techniques

Health:

Nuclear medical applications for diagnostics and treatment

Cancer therapy

Radiation sterilization of tissue grafts to improve tissue banking

Radiation Protection:

To build radiation protection infrastructure

Waste Safety

Environmental monitoring

Radiation protection for workers and public

Energy:

Tools for planning electricity expansion schemes

Plant management & operational safety

Radioactive waste management

Technical Co-operation:

Expert missions

Training programmes

Regional Resource Units (RRU)

B. RCA REGIONAL OFFICE (RCARO)

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An RCA office that represents all Member States of the RCA is needed in order to make

an orchestrated effort with the related department of the IAEA. There has been no such

structure in the RCA history while the Agency has administratively supported RCA

Member States for effective and efficient programme implementation. Although the

Agency initiated the creation of the RCA, the real ownership of the RCA programmes is

of the Member States. The RCA office will thus act as a bridge between the Member

States and the Agency. Hence to enhance RCA ownership by MSs, it was recommended

to establish RCA Regional Office at Yangon Meeting in 1997

The RCA National Representatives meeting held in Mumbai in 2000 was a significant

year for the RCA family since the Government of Korea offered to host the RCA

Regional Office in Korea, and the Member States have welcomed the offer. In 2001

Dhaka meeting of RCA National Representatives supported for the establishment of the

RCA Regional Office in Korea and at that time a Task Force Group (Australia and

Korea take Lead) is requested to prepare draft Working Paper. RCA 30th GC in 2001 in

Vienna agreed in Principle the Establishment of RCA Regional Office in Korea for 2-

year interim period to finalize Legal Provisions and other preparations. Thus RCA

Regional Office (RCARO) has opened on March 2002, Wednesday, 17:00 at Nuclear

Training Center Building at KAERI, Daejeon, Korea. The 31st RCA General Conference

Meeting in Vienna in September 2002 adopted the ‘Working Paper on the Establishment

and Operation of the RCA Regional Office in Korea’ that stipulated details of operation

and management of RCARO. The Working Paper was amended by the 32nd RCA

General Conference in Vienna in September 2003 that incorporated the adoption of a

RCA Resolution on the Establishment of the RCA Regional Office.

9

III. SUERVEY RESULTS ON THE STATUS OF THE MEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF RADIATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE RCA MEMBER STATES

AUSTRALIA

The Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization (ANSTO) is responsible for delivering specialized advice, scientific

services and products to government, industry, academic and other research organizations as Australia's national nuclear research and

development organization and the centre of Australian nuclear expertise. ANSTO's science has applications in a diverse array of areas

including health, the environment and industry. Diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer's and heart disease are some of the areas they work

in within the health domain. Every Australian, for instance, will, on average, have a nuclear medicine treatment using a

radiopharmaceutical produced at ANSTO in their lifetime. It is an active partner and founder member of the RCA. It’s a donor country

for RCA activities and participates in the following active Medical Application related RCA projects as a valuable contributor for the

regional development.

Strengthening Medical Physics Through Education and Training.

Improved Training for Nuclear Medicine Technicians

Distance Learning in Radiation Oncology

Improvement of Research Reactor Operation and Utilization Phase II

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MEDICAL APPLICATIONS

COUNTRY: AUSTRALIANAME OF INSTITUTION ADDRESS MAJOR ACTIVITIES

Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre

St Andrews PlaceEast Melbourne Vic 3002, AustraliaTel: 61 3 9656 1111http://www.petermac.unimelb.edu.au/

Services offer a multi-disciplinary approach to the diagnosis/investigation, treatment and follow-up of cancers: Breast Service, Gastrointestinal Service, Urology Service, Gynaecologic Oncology Service, Haematology Service, Head & Neck Service, Lung Service, Melanoma & Skin Oncology Service, Neuro-Oncology Service, Paediatric and Late Effects Service, Sarcoma Service etc. -Radiation therapy (including Brachytherapy), Chemo-radiation, Chemotherapy, Radio immunotherapy, and Hormonal therapy etc.Research within the broad framework of four research programs, namely Cellular & Molecular Biology, Stem Cell, Cancer Immunology and Cancer Genomics & Genetics

VITA MEDICAL LIMITED PO Box 350, Menai Central, NSW 2234, AustraliaTel+61(0) 2 9541 0411Facsimile: : +61(0) 2 9543 0960http://www.vitamedical.com.au

-Innovator, manufacturer and distributor of diagnostic medical products. -Specializes in lung ventilation imaging in the field of nuclear medicine

High Flux Australian Reactor (HIFAR)Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization (ANSTO)

PMB 1 Menai NSW 2234AustraliE-mail: [email protected]

-Production of much needed radioisotopes for medical purposes and for industry

-Production of gamma ray sources for Sterilization purposes, Cancer therapy, Industry etc.

ANSTO Radiopharmaceuticals and Industrials (ARI)

PMB 1 Menai NSW 2234AustraliaTel: + 61 (02) 9717 9502 Fax: + 61 (02) 9543 6511 E-mail: [email protected]

Preclinical and clinical radiopharmaceutical development • Drug synthesis, particularly in oncology and neurology applications • Non-invasive imaging of the drug delivery process for specificity and targeting

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mailto:[email protected]

mailto:E-mail:%20


http://www.vitamedical.com.au/

http://www.petermac.unimelb.edu.au/research/cggeb/default.asp

http://www.petermac.unimelb.edu.au/research/canimm/default.htm

http://www.petermac.unimelb.edu.au/research/canimm/default.htm

http://www.petermac.unimelb.edu.au/research/ctscb/default.asp

http://www.petermac.unimelb.edu.au/research/camb

http://www.petermac.unimelb.edu.au/patcar/sarco.htm

http://www.petermac.unimelb.edu.au/patcar/sarco.htm

http://www.petermac.unimelb.edu.au/patcar/paedia.htm

http://www.petermac.unimelb.edu.au/patcar/neuro.htm

http://www.petermac.unimelb.edu.au/patcar/neuro.htm

http://www.petermac.unimelb.edu.au/patcar/melaskin.htm

http://www.petermac.unimelb.edu.au/patcar/lung.htm

http://www.petermac.unimelb.edu.au/patcar/headneck.htm

http://www.petermac.unimelb.edu.au/patcar/haemat.htm

http://www.petermac.unimelb.edu.au/patcar/gynae.htm

http://www.petermac.unimelb.edu.au/patcar/gynae.htm

http://www.petermac.unimelb.edu.au/patcar/urology.htm

http://www.petermac.unimelb.edu.au/patcar/gastro.htm

http://www.petermac.unimelb.edu.au/patcar/breast_fr.htm

http://www.petermac.unimelb.edu.au/patcar/breast_fr.htm

http://www.petermac.unimelb.edu.au/

• Assessment of drug delivery with visual evidence of deposition profiles • 'Proof-of-concept' studies to evaluate drug delivery and disposition in patients with targeted therapeutics. • Access to the full range of reactor and cyclotron produced radioisotopes.

Royal Prince Alfred Hospital. PET Centre, Sydney, Australi

-All types of radiation injected diagnosis using PET and SPECT imaging techniques which rely on cyclotron-produced radiopharmaceuticals.-Specially LEUKOSCAN STUDY, for use in diagnostic imaging of the long bones and feet in patients with suspected osteomyelitis and where patients do not have access to ex-vivo WBC scanning

National Medical Cyclotron (NMC)

ANSTO Radiopharmaceuticals and Industrials (ARI)PMB 1 Menai NSW 2234AustraliaTel: + 61 (02) 9717 9502 Fax: + 61 (02) 9543 6511

-Cyclotron-produced radioisotopes used in SPECT include: Gallium-67 used to diagnose soft tissue tumors and some inflammatory lesions, Thallium-201, used to assess heart conditions, Iodine-123, used to diagnose certain thyroid diseases, Iodine-123 labeled tracers commonly used to monitor neurodegenerative diseases and cancer, Thallium-201 as thallous chloride used in nuclear medicine for assessing the firmness of the heart etc. .-Currently developing an Indium-111 production system for use in SPECT for diagnosing inflammatory bowel disease. Further development in PET based pharmaceuticals include F-18 Dopa and Carbon-11 labeled compounds which will be used at the PET Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospitals.-ANSTO's manufacturing arm, dispatches the cyclotron-produced radiopharmaceuticals to hospitals and nuclear medicine practices across Australia-Development of new radiopharmaceuticals has designed and built automated production systems for SPECT radiopharmaceuticals so they will be available to hospitals across Australia- Expand production for the overseas market

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End-users are the medical physicists, nuclear medicine physicians, radiation technologists working in different hospitals and nuclear medicine across Australia and in the overseas markets.

Radio Pharmacology Laboratories

Dr Nabil MorcosLeader, Research and DevelopmentANSTO Radiopharmaceuticals and IndustrialsTelephone + 61 (02) 9717 9242Fax + 61 (02) 9543 6588

-Various radiobiological studies-Applications of radioisotopes in autoradiography, drug bio-distribution, drug metabolism, and receptor and transporter binding under physiological or pathological conditions-Nuclear medicine Pre-clinical research into new radiopharmaceuticals as diagnostics or therapeutics-Pharmacokinetics and Toxic kinetics Evaluation of stability, distribution and clearance of drugs or toxicants in vivo-Functional Imaging and quantitative assessment of biological responses to internal or external stimuli in the model system

Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratories

ANSTO Radiopharmaceuticals and IndustrialsTelephone + 61 (02) 9717 9242Fax + 61 (02) 9543 6588

Radiopharmaceutical preparation, organic synthesis, biological evaluations, and handling of short lived radioisotopes.

SIRTeX Medical -Developing a biocompatible radioactive micro-sphere treatment for liver cancer sufferers, with fewer side-effects than alternative treatments such as chemotherapy-More than 800 000 new cases of primary or secondary liver cancer are diagnosed each year, with life expectancies varying from months to years, worldwide.

Global Medical Solutions John HodderManaging Director,

-Provides a wide range of radiopharmaceuticals and associated products and services for nuclear medicine applications that include diagnosing heart disease, treating thyroid conditions and detecting tumors.

Austin & Repatriation Medical Centre

Dept of Nuclear MedicineLevel 1, Harold Stokes Block, Studley RoadHeidelberg, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 3084Tel: (+61 3) 9496 5718 Fax: (+61 3) 9457 6605 E-mail: [email protected]

-The Department boasts comprehensive "Hot" and "Cold" Laboratories and manufactures many of the pharmaceuticals (99mTcS/C, 99mTcMAA, 99mTcDTPA, 99mTcMDP, 99mTcRBC, 99mTc HMPAO etc.) and used for diagnosis (Liver, Spleen, Bone Marrow, Lung, Brain, Kidney, and Thyroid Scan etc.) routinely, in-house.

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-The most commonly used radio nuclides within Nuclear Medicine includes: 32-P, 51-Cr, 67-Ga, 89-Sr, 90-Y, 99m-Tc, 111-In, 131-I, 201-Tl amongst others.

Centre for Positron Emission Tomography

Austin Hospital, Austin Health, Studley Road, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 3084Tel: (+61 3) 9496 5669Fax: (+61 3) 9457 6605E-mail: [email protected]://www.petnm.unimelb.edu.au/pet/detail/index.html

-The tracers/radiopharmaceuticals routinely produced in the centre are: [15O] oxygen, [15O]carbon monoxide, [15O]water, [13N]ammonia, [18F]FDG, [18F]FMISO, [18F]MPPF, , [18F]FLT, [11C]flumazenil, [11C]PIB, [11C]choline etc. -Appropriate amounts of the four positron emitters commonly used radio nuclides in this PET centre are: 15O, 13N, 11C and 18F and can be obtained with 10 MeV protons and 5 MeV deuterons.

The WA PET/Cyclotron Services

1st Floor, G BlockSir Charles Gairdner Hospital,Phone: 61 8 9346 2656Fax: 61 8 9346 3610http://www.scgh.health.wa.gov.au/pet/index.html

-The most common radioisotope produced by the cyclotron located at the Hospital is Fluorine-18 or 18F and used in their PET as 18F-labelled fluorodeoxyglucose or FDG (radiopharmaceutical). It is used extensively in tumor, brain and heart imaging studies.

-Researchers are striving for the development of new radiopharmaceuticals e.g., C-11 methionine, F-18 FLT and F-18 fluorocholine.

BANGLADESH

Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission (BAEC) is the national authority and pioneer research organization for the introduction and

promotion of the peaceful use of nuclear science and technology in the country. BAEC and other research organizations in the country

are working during the last four decades in the area of medicine, food and agriculture, industries and environment for the socio-

economic development using nuclear technology. BAEC has one Nuclear Medicine Institute and 13 Nuclear Medicine Centers

14

http://www.scgh.health.wa.gov.au/pet/index.html


(NMCs) located in different regions in the country and three private clinics also are established and rendering nuclear medicine

services for public demand. A dozen of Tele-therapy units (Co-60), 2-Linear Accelerators, 6-Brachytherapy units (Cs-137) and a

number of Deep therapy X-ray units are located at different government & private hospitals in the country. All such irradiation

facilities are presently being used for the treatment of cancer patients. There are 11 active regional projects for the enhancement and

development on the medical application of radiation technologies in Bangladesh-

Distance-assisted Training for Nuclear Medicine Technicians

Regional Screening Network for Neonatal Hypothyroidism

Distance Education in Radiation Oncology

Quality Assurance Programme for Molecular-Based Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases

Management of Liver Cancer Using Transarterial Radioconjugate Therapy

Quality Assurance for Treatment of Cervix Cancer by Radiotherapy

Strengthening Medical Physics through Education and Training

Improvement in Quality of Radiotherapy for Frequent Cancers in the Region

Preventing Osteoporosis and Promoting Bone Mass in Asian Populations Using a Food-based Approach

Tumor Imaging Using Radioisotopes

Regional Screening Network for Neonatal Hypothyroidism, Phase II

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COUNTRY: BANGLADESH

NAME OF INSTITUTION ADDRESS MAJOR ACTIVITIES

Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Ultrasound (INM&U)

Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (MSMMU) Shahbagh, Dhaka-1000Tel:Fax:E-mail:

- Developing and upgrading the Nuclear Medicine in the country.- Investigated for diagnosis of thyroid, kidney, bone, brain and liver/spleen etc.

disorders.- Treatment for thyroid cancer.- Tc-99m, I-131 solutions and capsules etc. isotopes are being used for diagnosis and therapeutic purposes

-Analysis of thyroid hormones such as-T3, T4, TSH, FT3, FT4, LH, FSH, Prolactine, etc. in RIA laboratory-Bone mineral density (BMD) measurement for osteoporosis

Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology (INST)

Radioisotope Production DivisionAERE, GanakbariP.O. Box # 3787Savar, DhakaTel:880-2-7701816E-mail:[email protected]

- Production and supplies Tc-99m generator and I-131 to the end users are in regular basis.

- Scandiam-46, Irridium-192, Holmium-166 are also produced on request.- Presently, the laboratory is capable to produce only 32% isotopes of the country demand.

End-users: The direct end-users are medical physicists, nuclear medicine physicians, radiation technologists working in nuclear medicine.

Research activities: Research and development on Tc-99m generator columnmatrix other than alumina.

-Investigation on the development on diagnostic and therapeutic pharmaceuticals.Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology (INST)

Neutron Activation Analysis groupRNPD, AERE, GanakbariP.O. Box # 3787Savar, DhakaTel:880-2-7701829E-mail: [email protected]

- Analysis of trace especially essential and toxic elements in different varieties of imported food items for the protection of human health.

-Determination of arsenic in Human hair/nail samples for arsenic affected patients.

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http://us.f302.mail.yahoo.com/ym/[email protected]

Tissue Bank Unit AERE, GanakbariP.O. Box # 3787Savar, DhakaTel:880-2-7701679

-Collection of amnion membranes & bone grafts and sterilized with 50-kCi gamma radiation source and supplied to the different hospitals/clinics for the treatment of burn, orthopedic and dental patients.

End-users are medical physicians across the country..Nuclear Medicine and Ultrasound Centers (NM&UCs)

Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission (BAEC) 4, Kazi Nazrul Islam AvenueP.O. Box # 158Ramna, Dhaka-1000Tel:+880-2-8619000Fax:+880-2-8613051E-mail:[email protected]

- Investigated for diagnosis of thyroid, kidney, bone, brain and liver/spleen etc. disorders.

- Treatment for thyroid cancer.- Tc-99m, I-131 solutions and capsules etc. isotopes are being used for diagnosis and therapeutic purposes

-Thyroid hormones (T3, T4, TSH etc.) analysais in RIA lab.-Bone mineral density (BMD) measurement for osteoporosis

Dhaka Medical College and Hospital

Radiotherapy DepartmentDhaka Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Treatment of cancer patients through Linear Accelerator (LINAC), Brachychytherapy units and Co-60 teletherapy units.

Popular Diagnostic Centre Ltd. House#11/A, Road# 2Dhanmondi R/A Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh Tel: +880-2-9669480, 9661491-2 Fax : +880-2-8611634

-Diagnosis of Brain, Bone, Kidney, Liver, GFR, whole body scan & SPECT,thyroid with Tc99m labeled with respective kits. These isotopes and labeled compounds are imported from abroad.

-Analysis of thyroid hormones such as-T3, T4, TSH, FT3, FT4, LH, FSH, Prolactine, etc. in RIA laboratory.

-Bone mineral density (BMD) measurement for osteoporosis.LABAID LIMITED House No. 1, Road No. 4,

Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205 Tel:880-2- 8610793-8 Fax: 880-2-8617372 Email: [email protected] http://www.labaidgroup.com/

-Diagnosis of Brain, Bone, Kidney, Liver, GFR, whole body scan & SPECT,thyroid with Tc99m labeled with respective kits. These isotopes and labeled compounds are imported from abroad.

-Analysis of thyroid hormones such as-T3, T4, TSH, FT3, FT4, LH, FSH, Prolactine, etc. in RIA laboratory.

-Bone mineral density (BMD) measurement for osteoporosis.Delta Medical Center Mirpur-1, Dhaka, Bangladesh Treatment of cancer patients through Linear Accelerator (LINAC),

Brachychytherapy units and Co-60 teletherapy units.

17

http://www.labaidgroup.com/

http://us.f302.mail.yahoo.com/ym/[email protected]

PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

China accepted the RCA agreement following its admission to the IAEA in 1984. Since then it has actively participating in all sorts of

RCA activities and co-operative research projects. In a few years after its acceptance to the agreement, the Chinese government started

its voluntary donations in finance to RCA activities. For the familiarization of radiation technologies in China, China Atomic Energy

Authority (CAEA) is the pioneering and responsible organization since 1950s. In medical application technology in China, it has 7

bases producing Radioactive Medicine, maintaining the momentum of rapid development of nuclear appliance. There are over 1000

hospitals applying nuclear medical technology, which make considerable contributions to the improvement of public health level.

China actively participated in the ongoing nuclear development projects related to human health are-





Management of Liver Cancer Using Transarterial Radio conjugate Therapy






18

Regional Screening Network for Neonatal Hypothyroidism,


COUNTRY: PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA


China Atomic Energy Authority (CAEA)

A8, Fuchenglu, Haidian District, P.O. Box 2102 Beijing 100 822 ChinaTel: 00 86 10 8398 3381Fax: 00 86 10 8398 3516, 00 86 10 8858 1516e-mail: [email protected]://www.caea.gov.cn

-More than 40 units are engaged in R&D and production of radioisotopes and radiopharmaceuticals for medical and industrial applications. In respect of radiography sources, Mo-Tc99m generator is available in every week. - With the rapid evolution of modern nuclear medicine, the application of advanced nuclear medical devices (such as SPECT and PET) the radiopharmaceuticals for diagnosis and treatment of difficult and complicated cases, e.g. tumor, has developed at a quick pace. -4 tissue banks in different areas of China and its products in line with ISO quality standard have been utilized in over 150 different hospitals for clinical practices solved and cured patients.-End users of these radioisotopes and bone/tissue grafts are the medium and small ranking hospitals all over the country

Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Panjiayao Zuoanmenwai,Beijing 100021, ChinaE – mail:[email protected]

Management of Liver Cancer Using Transarterial Radioconjugate Therapy.

Dept. of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, ShanghaiFudan UniversityTel: 86 21 64041990 ext2507Fax: 0086 21 640238472 e-mail: [email protected]

Application of Nuclear Medicine

19

http://www.rca.org.cn/programme_lan/project_content_1.asp?strno=89&strprjno=RAS/6/028

http://www.caea.gov.cn/


China Institute for Radiation Protection

Xuefu Street 270, Taiyuan, China 030006Tel: 86 351 2203513Fax: 86 351 7020407E-mail: [email protected]

- To develop tissue banking practice and promote the technique of radiation sterilization for tissue grafts. -Bone allograft have been distributed to hospitals.

Dept of Nuclear medicine and PET Centre

Shanghai Nuclear Medicine Quality Control CentreHua Shan HospitalFudan University Shaghai 200040P.R ChinaTel:86-21-62489999 ext. 6478

Zhong Shan Hospital Dept of Radiology180 Fenglin Road Shanghai ChinaTel：86-21-64041990

-Malignance diagnosis and treatment services such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma, esophageal cancer, lung cancer, breast carcinoma, rectum cancer, liver cancer, prostate cancer, brain tumors etc and diagnostic radiology, interventional radiology through single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), Linear Accelerator (LINAC), magnetic resonance scanner, computed tomography (CT) etc.

Cancer Hospital Dept. Of Medical/Radiation OncologyMedical Center of Fudan UniversityP.R.Chinahttp://www.shmu.edu.cn/EFSYY.HTM

-Systemic control and treatment of a variety of malignancies, such as breast cancer, esophageal cancer, lung cancer, colon cancer, gastric cancer, nasopharynx carcinoma, liver cancer, thyroid carcinoma, carcinomas of mouth cavity (lingua cancer), lymphoma, Hodgkin’s disease, choriocarcinoma, ovary cancer, hysterocarcinoma, testicles tumors and soft tissue sarcoma etc. with high and low energy linear accelerator, 60Co machine, interstitial radiotherapy equipment, X knife, several types of X-ray machine, GE digital mammogram and Stereo tactic Aspiration System, helix CT, SPECT, etc.

Prince of Wales Hospital Dept of Diagnostic Radiology and Organ ImagingThe Chinese University of Hong Konghttp://www.droid.cuhk.edu.hk/web/default.htm

This center performed manifold Nuclear Medicine Activities such as:Myocardial Perfusion Scan, MUGA Scan, Radionuclide Lymphangiography, Haemangioma Study, Technetium Thyroid Scan, Gastric Emptying Study, Gastrointestinal Bleeding Study, Gallium labelled WBC Study, Dynamic Renal Scan, Radionuclide Cystography, I-131 MIBG Scan, SND, Brain perfusion studies, Whole body bone scan,

20

Bone Marrow Scan etc.

INDIA

The Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), Government of India was set up on August 3, 1954 and involved in RCA agreement in

1972. DAE play the key role for the development of radiation technologies in the fields of agriculture, medicine, industry and basic

research. During the last couple of decades, remarkable progress in India has been achieved in the application of radioisotopes and

radiation technology. India is participating in a number of projects on Medical Application of radiation technology-








Tumour Imaging Using Radioisotopes


COUNTRY: INDIANAME OF INSTITUTION ADDRESS MAJOR ACTIVITIES

21

Tata Memorial Hospital (TMH)Cancer Care Center

Dr. E Borges Road, ParelMumbai - 400 012, IndiaTel. +91-22- 24177000, 24146750- 55Fax: +91-22-24146937E-mail:[email protected] [email protected] http://www.tatamemorialcentre.com

-Devoted for diagnosis, prevention, treatment, research and education for Cancer with an objective to provide the highest standard of patient care. -Over 16,000 cancer patients are seen every year at this hospital.Research: Low Dose Rate (LDR) versus High Dose Rate (HDR) intracavitary brachytherapy for carcinoma cervix.-Fractionation study in Head and Neck Cancer

Tata Memorial Hospital (TMH)Dept. of Radiation Oncology

Dr. E Borges Road, ParelMumbai - 400 012, India

-Deliver both external beam therapy and Brach therapy for Cancer patients.-Research: Oesophageal cancers: Treatment by high dose-rate Intraluminal Brachytherapy.-High Dose Rate and Low Dose Rate Brachytherapy in Carcinoma Cervix.-Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT)

Tata Memorial HospitalTissue Bank

Dr. E Borges Road, ParelMumbai - 400 012, India

-Offer a viable alternative to expensive imported grafts bringing allograft within easy reach of all.-Training staff and providing technical assistance at various hospitals in the country like Defence Laboratory, Jodhpur, Sancheti Hospital, Pune, Government Medical College & Hospital, Nagpur.-The direct beneficiaries will be medical physicists working in radiotherapy, radiology and nuclear medicine.

Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC)

Sector 22, Kharghar,Navi Mumbai - 410208, India.Tel:+91-22-2741 2919Facsimile No: +91-22-2741 2894Email: [email protected]

Research investigations currently focus on molecular mechanisms responsible for causation of major human cancers

Satyam Hospital and Trauma Centre

392 Adarsh Nagar144001 Jalandhar City, IndiaTele:+91 (for India) - 181 - 247 02 00Telefax:+91 (for India)-181-220 47 10E-mail:[email protected]

The Radiation Medicine Centre (RMC)

Trombay, Mumbai 400085 (India)Tel:+91-22-25505050 / 25505010

-Involve research and development in nuclear medicine and allied sciences as a major activity followed by patient services as well as human resources

22



http://tatamemorialcentre.com/



http://tatamemorialcentre.com/

Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC)

Fax:+91-22-25505151 / 25519613 development in nuclear medicine. -Diagnostics investigations related to almost all organs of the body like thyroid, heart, bone, kidney, lungs, GI bleed, hematology, etc. with the help of PET scanner and 16.5 MeV medical cyclotrons.

Department of Atomic Energy (DAE)

Anushakti Bhavan,Chatrapathi Shivaji Maharaj Marg, Mumbai 400 001 IndiaTel: + 91 22 283 6901Fax: + 91 22 204 8476e-mail: [email protected]://www.dae.gov.in

-To set up Nuclear Medicine Centers and Radioimmunoassay (RIA) centers in areas away from the metropolitan cities by providing gamma cameras and RIA counters for in-vitro and in-vivo diagnostics studies.-Equipments, diagnostic kits and radiopharmaceuticals are manufactured indigenously and supplied for medical applications, Irradiation facilities etc to the centers.-Necessary training is also provided to end-users.-Promotional activities related to peaceful medical application of radiation technology.

Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC)

Trombay, Mumbai 400085 (India)http://www.barc.ernet.in

Conduct various training courses in radiation medicine for doctors, for medical technologists, in radiation therapy for medical physicists, in RIA and its clinical applications concerned with safety aspects in the use of ionizing radiation in Medicine, Industry and Research applications and to work as Medical Physicists / RSO in radiotherapy/ radio-diagnosis centres.

Rotary Cancer Centre 117/K/11, Gutaiya, G.T.Road208002 Kanpur, IndiaTel:+91- 512 - 543 887Telefax:+91- 512 - 543 887e-mail:[email protected]

Isotope Production DivisionBoard of Radiation and Isotope Technology (BRIT)

Vashi complex, 400 705 Mumbai, IndiaTel: +91-22-27887014E-mail: [email protected]://www.britatom.com

-Production of radiopharmaceuticals: 99m Tc-Phy, 99mTcS/C, 99m Tc-mebro, 99mTc-MDP, 99mTc-RBC, 99mTc-MIBI, 99mTc-DTPA, 99mTc-EC, 99m Tc-GHA, 99mTc- ECD for the clinical use of Liver imaging, Liver and spleen imaging, Hepatobilliary function, Bone Scan, Cardiac Function and Blood Pool Scans, Myocardial Perfusion study, Renal Function , Renal tubular function, Kidney imaging, Brain Scan and Scans for Infection-Produces and supplies sealed radiation sources of Cobalt-60 and Iridium-192 and Blood Irradiator for use in cancer hospitals, Cs-137 Brachytherapy sources

23

http://www.britatom.com/


http://www.barc.ernet.in/

http://www.dae.gov.in/


for intracavitary treatment of cancer.-Produce the fission molly (Mo-99m) and Tc-99m generator for use in across the country and overseas. -Production of labeled compounds: 32P-Labelled nucleotides, 33P-Labelled nucleotides, 35S-Labelled amino acids & alpha-35S-dATP, 14C-Labelled compounds including custom synthesis, 3H-Labelled compounds including T-Labelling service.-Production of RIA kits for HGH, HLH, HCG, T3, T4, insulin, TSH etc. and immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) kits for various hormonesEnd-users are the medical physicists, nuclear medicine physicians, radiation technologists working in different hospitals and nuclear medicine of India..

Amala Cancer Hospital & Research Centre

Amalanagar P.O., Thrissur - 680 553, Kerala, IndiaPhone: 91-487-211240 / 211751 Fax: 91-487-711020 / 712191Email:[email protected]

-Diagnosis, treatment and management of Cancer through Chemotherapy, Radiotherapy and Cancer Surgery-Radiotherapy systems include: Cobalt 60 Tele-therapy, Caesium137 tubes, ridium192 etc.

Jawaharlal Nehru Cancer HospitalDept of Nuclear Medicine

Idgah Hills, P.B. No. 32, Bhopal - 462 001 (M.P.)Ph. 2665 720, 2666 374 Fax: (0755) 2738 325 Email: [email protected]: http://www.jnch.nic.in/

-Investigation and different nuclear medicine study includes- Renal functions, GFR estimation, Myocardial perfusion scan, thyroid uptake, brain scan, bone scan etc. with gamma camera, thyroid uptake system, RIA laboratory etc.-Treatment of thyrotoxicosis, CA thyroid, thyroid neoplasm etc.-Radiation therapy treatment of cancer patients with Tele therapy, Brach therapy, LINAC etc.

MNJ Institute of Oncology & Regional Cancer Centre

Red Hills, Hyderabad - 500 004IndiaTel:+91- 40 - 233 184 14 Telefax :+91- 40 - 233 140 63Website:http://www.mnjiorcc.gov.in E-mail:[email protected]

24


http://www.mnjiorcc.gov.in/

http://www.jnch.nic.in/


http://www.amala.com/surgery.htm


http://www.britatom.com/products04e.html



http://www.britatom.com/products04d.html



http://www.britatom.com/products04c.html

http://www.britatom.com/products04c.html

http://www.britatom.com/products04b.html



http://www.britatom.com/products04a.html

http://www.britatom.com/products04a.html

INDONESIA

The National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN) is assisting the nation to harness the radiation technology for the national

development since its inception in 1958. BATAN has research and development facilities in nuclear fields located at five working

regions called Nuclear Energy Research Centers. It transfer radiation technology to end-users through the number of national

institutions and provide services of radiation technologies to the general public. BATAN involved in most of the RCA projects being

implementing in the region in the field of application of radiation technologies for socioeconomic development. Apart from BATAN

and its institutions, number of private sectors are also involved in the application of radiation technologies in the field of medicine,

industries etc. Indonesia has 17 Nuclear Medicine hospitals and rendering service country-wide. Radioisotopes/radiopharmaceutical

for Nuclear Medicine hospitals are produced internally and also exports sometimes like fission molly for Tc99m generator, I-131, I-

125, Ir-192 etc over their country demand. Indonesia attached with RCA in 1972 and working as an active participant. Presently,

Indonesia has a number of human health related RCA projects;



Quality Assurance Programme for Molecular-based Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases





25



COUNTRY: INDONESIANAME OF INSTITUTION ADDRESS MAJOR ACTIVITIES

Center for Research and Development of Isotopes and Radiation Technology

JL. Cinere Pasar Jumat PO.Box.7002 JKSKL, Jakarta 12070, IndonesiaTel. 62 021 7690709,Fax. 62 021 7691607-7513270,E-mail : [email protected]

Production of radioisotopes-201Tl, 153Sm, 86Rb, 89Sr, 166Ho, 131I etc. for nuclear medicine diagnosis and treatments- leukemia treatment, Bone cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer treatment, Cervic cancer therapy, Osteoblastic therapy etc.End-users are medical physicists, radiation technologists, physicians working with radiation oncology, diagnostic radiology and nuclear medicine etc. in different hospitals of Indonesia.

National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN)Center for Development of Radioisotopes and Radiopharmaceuticals

Kawasan PUSPIPTEK Serpong, Tangerang - 15310Tel. : 021.756.3141; 021.758.72031Fax : 021.756.3141E-mail : <[email protected]>; <[email protected]>Http ://www.batan.go.id/p2rr

-Radioisotopes produced by BATAN include: I-201, m-153, Sr-89, Rb-86, Au-198 etc-Production of labeled compounds- MIBI for detection of heart perfusion, HMPAO for detection of brain perfusion; 131I-Lipiodol for brain therapy, 131I-MIBG diagnose and therapy, Sm-EDTMP for therapy of bone cancer, MAG-3 for tracing of kidney function,-Radiopharmaceuticals/Radioisotopes produced by BATAN have been marketed and used for medical purposes in different Indonesian hospitals, nuclear medicine etc. (end user)

National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN)

Jl. Kuningan Barat, Mampang PrapatanJakarta, 12710 Phone: +62 -21 5251109E-mail: [email protected]

To conduct research, development, and design in nuclear science and technology that can be usefully promoted for increasing the welfare of the people

PT. BATAN TEKNOLOGI PUSPIPTEK COMPLEX, Building 70, SERPONG,TANGERANG 15310P.O. Box : 343 CIPUTAT 15400

-Production of radioisotopes for medical, industrial, research and other nuclear technology application purposes

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INDONESIATel. : (62-21) 7560555, 7560211,7563317,7560196, 7563357Fax : (62-21) 7560118, 7560928, 7566646e-mail : [email protected]://www.batantek.co.id/mainpreface.htm

Division for Radioisotope ProductionPT. BATAN TEKNOLOGI

PUSPIPTEK COMPLEX, Building 70, SERPONG, TANGERANG 15310P.O. Box : 343 CIPUTAT 15400 INDONESIATel. : (62-21) 7560555, 7560211,7563317,7560196, 7563357Fax : (62-21) 7560118, 7560928, 7566646e-mail : [email protected]://www.batantek.co.id/mainpreface.htm

-Producing a wide variety of isotopes for medical purposes, like isotopes and labeled compounds for diagnosis and therapy.-Producing more than 20 kind of radioisotopes, including Mo-99, I-125, I-131, P-32.-Producing labeled compounds for diagnosis and therapy such as Tc99m generator, Na-I131, I131 labeled compound and DTPA, MDP- Produces sterile radio pharmaceutical kits (cold-kit) ready for use of preparation of various Technetium-99m radio pharmaceuticals.End-users are medical physicists, radiation technologists, physicians working with radiation oncology, diagnostic radiology and nuclear medicine etc. in Indonesia.

University of IndonesiaDept. of Radiology

Faculty of MedicineJl. Salemba Raya no 6PO Box # 1358 Jakarta 10430, IndonesiaTel:+ 62-21-335006Fax : +62-21-3915001E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]://www.fk.ui.ac.id

-Radiodiagnosis and Radiotherapy (External radiation) for cancer patients with Cobalt 60 (CGR), -Research for radiation response in nasopharyngeal cancer with hyperfractionation compare to conventional fractionation

University of IndonesiaDept. of Nuclear Medicine

Faculty of MedicineJl. Salemba Raya no 6PO Box # 1358 Jakarta 10430, IndonesiaTel;+ 62-21-3148627E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Research and medical service with Tc 99m radioisotope (Tc 99m Generator supplied from BATAN).

27



http://www.fk.ui.ac.id/





http://www.fk.ui.ac.idDharmais Cancer HospitalNational Cancer Center

JL. Letjend. S. Parman Kav 84-86 SlipiJakarta Barat IndonesiaTel:+62 21 5681570 Fax:+62 21 5681579e-mail [email protected]

Investigation, prevention, treatment and management of cancer in Indonesia.

JAPAN

Atomic Energy Commission of Japan (AEC), act as a guardian-deliberating long term program of research, development and

utilization of atomic energy, checking the progress along the program and making advice them. The Japan Atomic Industrial Forum,

Inc. (JAIF) is a non-profit, non-governmental organization incorporated under the auspices of the industry to promote peaceful

utilization of nuclear energy for the benefit of Japanese nationals in consideration of the importance of the peaceful use of

radioisotopes and radiation in a wide variety of fields. JAIF contribute to the development of a healthy and quality human life through

the application various nuclear techniques in industry as well as in daily life i.e., its play a pivotal role for the familiarization of

application of radiation technologies in Japan. Application of radiation technologies are well established in Japan. Since Japan is

highly industrialized, technological and economical wealth is far exceed the other regional member states other than Australia, New

Zealand, Republic of Korea, India, Singapore, and China, it provide financial assistance to RCA programme. It does not use IAEA

technical assistance rather it donates.

28

http://www.fk.ui.ac.id/


COUNTRY: JAPANNAME OF INSTITUTION ADDRESS MAJOR ACTIVITIES

Research Center for Charged Particle TherapyNational Institute of Radiological Science (NIRS)

Department of Medical PhysicsChiba, JapanE-mail:[email protected]://www.nirs.go.jp

-This institute performs many medical physics service in heavy-ion therapy clinical studies, nuclear medicine studies for tumor detection with 3-PET scanners, 2- SPECT scanners and 3-Radioisotope producing Cyclotrons-Developing the 4D X-ray CT system and the next-generation PET system and conducting basic research in collaboration with other departments of the Center.-Basic research covers three themes in heavy ion therapy (e.g. "Highly-accurate irradiation method"), one theme in diagnostic imaging ("Spiral CT Examination System for Lung Cancer"), and one in medical exposure.End-users: Nuclear medicine physicians.

Cancer Research InstituteKanazawa University

13-1, Takara-machi,Kanazawa, Ishikawa,920-0934 JAPAN

Research focuses on the molecular basis of generation, differentiation, invasion proliferation and metastasis of cancer, as well as the development of new therapeutic methods for hard-to cure diseases including cancer based on controlling apoptosis

Kanazawa University The Radioisotope Center

13-1, Takara-machi,Kanazawa, Ishikawa,920-0934 JAPAN

Promote research and education in the safe and smooth use of RI (Research using radioisotopes), to supervise the safety of RI as a facility for education and research for common use in the university, and to provide related teaching staff with opportunities to use the facility jointly.

Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI)Department of Research Reactors

Tokai Research Establishment2-4 Shirane, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken 319-1195Tel: +81-(0)29-282-5111Fax:+81-(0)29-282-6111 http://www.jaeri.go.jp/english/index.cgi

-R&D for production and application of radioisotopes..

Takasaki Radiation Chemistry Research Establishment

Radiation Application Research with Charged Particles and Radioisotopes

-Study for radioisotope (RI) productions and labeled compounds for cancer diagnosis and cancer therapy.

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(TRCRE) 1233 Watanuki-cho, Takasaki-shi, Gunma-ken 370-1292, JapanTel:+81-(0)273-46-1211Fax:+81-(0)273-47-2561 http://www.jaeri.go.jp/english/index.cgi

-Development of pharmaceuticals with radioactive rhenium (186Re, 188Re) for cancer therapy.-Development of glass micro-spheres of radioactive yttrium (90Y2O3) for treatment of liver cancer.

National Cancer CenterChemotherapy Division

5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, JapanE-mail: [email protected]

-Clarifying the molecular and cellular mechanisms of cancer promotion and progression using the innovative proteomic and transcriptomic techniques

National Cancer CenterCancer Medicine and Biophysics Division

5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, JapanE-mail: [email protected]

-Researches include cloning of genes involved in carcinogenesis, biological and structural analysis of proteins, analysis of animal model, and development of new strategies for cancer therapy

Gunma University HospitalDept. of Radiology and Radiation Oncology

Faculty of Medicine4-2 Aramaki-machi, Maebashi City, Gunma, 371-8510 JapanTel: 027-220-7111,　027-220-7727http://www.gunma-u.ac.jp/

Radiation Therapy two Linear Accelerators (LINAC) and a Tele cobalt machine are operating for cancer treatment. Low-dose rate and high dose rate brachytherapy are mainly performed for patients with head and neck tumors and gynecologic tumors. -Radioactive iodine therapy is also performed for patients with thyroid disease.Diagnosis and treatment for neoplasm malignant neoplasm include: brain, head & neck, lung & mediastinum, esophagus, breast, digestive system, skin, bone & soft tissue, urinary organs, genital organs, malignant lymphoma etc.-Diagnosis for malignant tumors is carried out by various kinds of X-ray, Computed Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Nuclear medicine including Positron Emission Tomography (PET) etc.

Tohoku UniversityDivision of Nuclear Medicine

Cyclotron Radioisotope Center6-3Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, JAPANTel.+81 022-795-7800http://www.cyric.tohoku.ac.jp

-Cyclotron-produced positron emitters nuclides (C-11, F-18, O-15) and corresponding radiopharmaceuticals ( [11C]Methionine, [11C]Doxepin, [11C]Benztropin, [18F]FDG, [18F]FDOPA, [18F] Fluorodeoxyuridine, [15O]Oxygen, [15O]Carbon dioxide, [15O]Carbon monoxide, [15O]Water) are used for diagnosis in nuclear medicine. -Whole body imaging of glucose metabolism has been routinely carried out for cancer diagnosis using 3D-PET

Japan Atomic Industrial Forum, Inc. (JAIF)

Dai-ichi Chojiya Bldg. 5th fl1-2-13, Shiba-daimon, Minato-ku, Tokyo,

-Promote peaceful utilization of nuclear energy for the benefit of Japanese nationals in consideration of the importance of the peaceful use of

30

http://www.cyric.tohoku.ac.jp/


105-8605, JAPANTel: +81-3-5777-0750Fax: +81-3-5777-0760E-mail:[email protected]

radioisotopes and radiation in a wide variety of fields.-JAIF Annual Conference and Japan Conference on Radiation and Radioisotopes-Promote the research, development and utilization of radiation and isotopes

Japan Radioisotope Association (JRIA)

The Nishina Memorial Cyclotron Centerhttp://www.jrias.or.jp

-Produces positron emitting -11C, 13N, 15O, 18F by the cyclotron.-Nuclides are synthesized to radiopharmaceuticals which are administered to patients for disease diagnosis and research work.

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW)

1-2-2 Kasumigasek Chiyoda-kuTokyo, 100-8916 JapanE-mail: [email protected]://www.mhlw.go.jp/english/index.html

Promotional activities for the application of Radiation and Radioisotopes for Medical use.

Japan Radioisotope Association (JRIA)

The Koka Laboratoryhttp://www.jrias.or.jp

Activities include radiation sterilization of disposable medical devices such as surgical gloves, syringes and dialyzers, radiation reforming of high polymer substances, gamma-ray irradiation service and training of technical personnel in the related fields. Research: studies on the properties of microorganism against gamma-radiation and determination and measurement of the optimum dose for sterilization.

Kyoto University Research Reactor InstituteIsotope Production and Application Group

Division of Nuclear Engineering ScienceDept. of Nuclear Science and Engineering Kumatori-cho Sennan-gunOsaka 590-0494, JapanTel:+81-724-51-2300Fax:+81-724-51-2600http://www.rri.kyoto-u.ac.jp/en/

-Studies concerning the production of isotopes using Kyoto University Research Reactor and their various applications.Research activities: Production and chemical separation of isotopes-Methodology and application of neutron activation analysis

31

http://www.rri.kyoto-u.ac.jp/en/


http://www.mhlw.go.jp/english/index.html

http://www.mhlw.go.jp/english/index.html

REPUBLIC OF KOREA

In Korea, nuclear-related activities are planned and carried out by various organizations such as-the Atomic Energy Commission

(AEC), the Nuclear Safety Commission (NSC), the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), and the Ministry of Commerce,

Industry and Energy (MOCIE). The Atomic Energy R&D Program, so called the "National Mid- and Long-term Atomic Energy R&D

Program", is implemented mainly by KAERI, KCCH and KINS. The R&D Program covers fields as follows: i) nuclear reactor &

nuclear fuel, ii) nuclear safety, iii) radioactive waste management, iv) safety regulation and radiation protection, v)

radiation/radioisotopes application and production, and vi) basic nuclear technology. There are 130 hospitals (including 35-PET

Centers) having Nuclear Medicine facilities including Gamma Camera, CT, PET, CT-PET, SPECT etc in Korea. For rendering services

in these hospitals, Korea is capable to produce Radioisotopes/ radiopharmaceuticals as their country demand and also export some

radiopharmaceuticals to the Philippine, South Africa etc. Korea plays an active role in promoting peaceful nuclear technology

corporation among the countries in Asia and Pacific region since it’s inception in RCA family in 1974. The RCA’s contributions to

Korea’s nuclear technological development and economic growth can be seen in such fields as food and agriculture, medicine and

health, industry and others. Many regional activities particularly the various regional training courses are organizes by the Korea.

Korea has been participating in a number of RCA projects actively. At present, the projects related to the medical application of

radiation technologies are:



32









COUNTRY: REPUBLIC OF KOREANAME OF INSTITUTION ADDRESS MAJOR ACTIVITIES

Seoul National University (SNU)Department of Nuclear Medicine,

College of Medicine, E-mail:[email protected]: +82-2-2072-3805Fax: +82-2-745-7690

Improve the clinical management of cancer patients by radionuclide imaging techniques with Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) for cancer detection

Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI)Radioisotope Production Facility

Center for application of radioisotope and radiationP. O. Box 105, Yusung-gu, Daejeon, 305-600, Korea Tel: +82 42 868-8120 Fax: +82 42 868-8448 http://hanaro.kaeri.re.kr/english/rp_intro.htm

-Development of radioisotopes-Tc-99m, I-131, Au-198, Cr-51, P-32, Ir-192 etc. for medical and industrial use.-Development of radio labeled compounds-Hipuran MIBG, Phytate MDP, DISIDA DTPA, PTP, Sn colloid, HAS, MAA, ASC, DMSA, HMPAO, HMA, MA, DTPA, CHICO etc. for medical use.-Development of cyclotron for medical use-Enhancement of RI handling technologies-Production of fission Mo-99 and Tc-99m generator

33

http://hanaro.kaeri.re.kr/english/rp_intro.htm


-KAERI recently developed radiopharmaceuticals and radioisotopes are Holmium-166 chitosan complex (166 Ho-CHICO), 166Ho-patch, radioactive stent and balloons for the treatment of liver cancer, skin cancer and cystic brain cancer, and Iridium-192 sealed sources for Brachytherapy.-Producing Iodine-131 solution of specific activity of 2~4 Ci/ml and therapeutic capsules of 30 to 200 mCi for the treatment of thyroid cancer and supplies to domestic users. The maximum capacity of I-131 production will be 60 Ci/week.-Medical radioisotopes, such as I-131, Tc-99m, Ho-166, are routinely produced and supplies to end users.End-users- are medical physicists, medical oncologist, nuclear medicine physicians, and radiation technologists working in nuclear medicine, different government and private hospitals in Korea..

Korea Radioisotope Association (KRIA)

14-5, kaepo-dong, kangnam-gu, Seoul, KoreaTel:82-2-3411-6494,Fax:82-2-445-1014

Promotion of radioisotope utilization and mutual cooperation among Radioisotope users

The Korea Cancer Center Hospital (KCCH)

215-4 Gongneung-dongNowon-ku, Seoul 139-706, KoreaTel:82-2-974-2501,Fax:82-2-978-2005homepage: http://www.kcch.re.kr/english/

-Treatment and services for both cancerous and non-cancerous patients using state-of-the-art medical equipment such as a PET, SPECT, MRI, Linear Accelerator (LINAC), Cyber Knife, Spiral CT, and an NT50. -Advancement of cancer treatment and nuclear medicine by producing and distributing medical radioisotopes in Korea. -Enhance public health by conducting research on cancer, radiation therapy, nuclear medicine, and clinical medicine.

Seoul National University Hospital (SNUH) Dept of Nuclear Medicine

Seoul, Korea -Major study : Brain SPECT, Whole Body Bone SPECT, GET, Myocardium SPECT, Thyroid scan ,Thyroid uptake, 131I-Whole body scan, Renal scan, Lymphangio scan, Lung perfusion scan, Other thyroid function test, etc-Developed and standardized of Rhenium-188 lipiodol and being used for liver cancer treatment.

Seoul National University 28 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Research Activities:

34

http://nm.snu.ac.kr/division/petcenter.htm

http://nm.snu.ac.kr/division/petcenter.htm

http://www.kcch.re.kr/english

College of MedicineDepartment of Nuclear Medicine

KoreaTel: +82-2-760-3805E-mail : [email protected]

-Clinical focus is the use of radioisotopes in the diagnosis and therapy of cancers with the up-to-date imaging modalities, PET and monoclonal antibody.-Development of new radiopharmaceuticals for diagnosis or therapy.-Design new molecules and synthesize organic and inorganic compounds and labeled with radioisotopes such as 99mTc, 188Re, 123I, 18F, 11C, 13N, or 15O. After labeling, the new compounds are radio chemically analyzed and applied to animals to investigate their in vivo behavior.

The Institute of Radiation MedicineMedical Research Center

Tel : +82-2-740-8944Fax: +82-2-762-8935 e-mail: swha＠snu.ac.krWebsite http://snumrc.snu.ac.kr/ (Korean/English)

Major activities of Radiation Medicine are to –-Diagnosis and treatment of human diseases by using radiation -Medical application of radiation and radioisotopes -Development of human resources related to radiation medicine

College of MedicineCancer Research Institute

Tel : +82-2-3668-7009Fax: +82-2-766-4477Homepage http://cri.snu.ac.kr (Korean Only)

To conduct research in both basic and clinical fields of cancer study

Seoul National UniversityCollege of MedicineDept. of Radiation Oncology

28 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, KoreaTel: +82-2-760-3805Tel: 82-2-760-2524Fax: 82-2-742-2073E-mail: [email protected]

Research activities:-Combination effect of Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACI) and radiation. -Significance of apoptotic cell death compared to total cell death after g-ray irradiation in human H&N cancer cell. -Role of Membrane Transfer Sequence (MTS) in radiation sensitization effects of COX-2 inhibitor, NS-398.-Effects of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor on radiation sensitivity of head and neck cancer cell lines and its mechanism

Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS)

215-4 Gongneung-Dong, Nowon-ku, Seoul, Korea 139-706http://www.kirams.re.kr

-Treated spine oncology, spine vessel diseases, lung cancer, liver cancer, head and neck cancer, pancreas cancer, prostate cancer, and other diseases that are not treatable with radiation treatment equipment, as well as brain tumours, brain vessel disease, tertiary neuralgia, Parkinson’s disease, and epilepsy through the Cyber Knife Centre. -Provide cancer patient care, cancer prevention and diagnosis in early

35

http://www.kirams.re.kr/


http://cri.snu.ac.kr/

http://snumrc.snu.ac.kr/



stage, cancer genetic consultative service through the Cancer Prevention Centre equipped with CT, MRI, PET/CT, Gamma camera etc.-Production and distribution of Radioisotopes for diagnosis and treatment.Research include-Development of cancer diagnosis and treatment.-Usage of radioisotopes and accelerator.

Laboratory of Tissue EngineeringKorea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS)

215-4 Gongneung-Dong, Nowon-ku, Seoul, Korea 139-706Tel:82 2 970-1317, 1319, 1373Fax:82 2 949 3809http://www.kirams.re.kr

On-going research development of Bio-artificial skin-Development of Tissue Engineered Cartilage-Development of Bio-Vascular Graft-Bioreactor for tissue Engineering

MALAYSIA

Malaysia Institute for Nuclear Technology Research (MINT) as a premier R&D based organization in nuclear science and technology,

continues to play an active role and contributes to the implementation and realization of national science and technology policies to

ensure that she remains to be a relevant public research institute. The scope and coverage of MINT research technology development

is focused to the major sectors of national and economic development, which among others include the industry, medical and health

care, manufacturing, environment etc. Among the products which have been successfully marketed include radioisotopes and

radiopharmaceutical kits, radiation vulcanized natural rubber latex and mutants of ornamental plants, whilst the technical services

include irradiation services, secondary standard and personal dosimetry, non-destructive testing (NDT), radioactive waste disposal,

quality assurance in medical physics, neutron activation analysis (NAA), radiochemical analysis, microbiology test and nuclear

instrumentation maintenance. MINT is the one and only licensed government radiopharmaceutical manufacturing facility in Malaysia

36

http://www.kirams.re.kr/

and is instrumental to the development of nuclear medicine in Malaysia through fund-sourcing, training, infrastructure development

and the product development and supply of radiopharmaceutical. Malaysia also co-ordinates and participates in regional co-operation

projects comprising RCA, FNCA and IAEA research contracts as well as it’s involvement as host to a number of international

activities such as meetings, workshops and training courses. Malaysia became a member of RCA in 1975. Malaysia is participating in

a number of regional projects regarding medical application of radiation technologies.










COUNTRY: MALAYSIANAME OF INSTITUTION ADDRESS MAJOR ACTIVITIES

Malaysia Institute for Nuclear Technology Research (MINT)

Bangi, 42000 Kajang,Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

-Technology commercializes and transfers the research findings to the companies and hospitals.

37

Tel : (603)-8925 0510Fax : (603)-8925 8262 E-Mail : [email protected]://www.mint.gov.my

-Expert services (training) - in the field of radiation safety and human health care, NDT, technology management and medical X-ray.

Malaysia Institute for Nuclear Technology Research (MINT)Division of Nuclear Medicine

Bangi, 42000 Kajang,Selangor Darul Ehsan, MalaysiaE-mail: [email protected]://www. mint.gov.my/R&D/Projects/HO-166_E.HTM

In collaboration with nuclear research reactor and isotope production facility they carry out research projects:-To develop a radio therapeutic agent of Ho-166 for treatment of cancer and rheumatoid arthritis.-Development of New Radiopharmaceuticals -Development of Radioimmuno diagnostic and Radioimmuno therapeutic Kits for Nuclear Medicine

Malaysia Institute for Nuclear Technology Research (MINT)Isotope Production Facility

Bangi, 42000 Kajang,Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysiahttp://www.mint.gov.my/CORPINFO/BROCHURE/Medical.htm

-Produces radiopharmaceuticals and kits for clinical studies such as- Tc-99m sodium pertechnetate injections for thyroid and brain scanning, and Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate (MDP) for bone scanning and myocardial infarction detection and supplies to the hospitals and local health care centers. -Cardiac imaging agent MIBI has been developed with the assistance of nuclear medicine physicians in diagnosis of cardiac problemsEnd-users are the medical physicists, nuclear medicine physicians, radiation technologists working the hospitals and local health care centers

Malaysia Institute for Nuclear Technology Research (MINT)Medical Physics group

Bangi, 42000 Kajang,Selangor Darul Ehsan, MalaysiaE-mail: [email protected]

-To establish and provide preventive and corrective maintenance services for medical x-ray machines to private clinics /hospitals in Malaysia.Quality Assurance Programme in Diagnostic Radiology, medical hospitals etc.

Malaysian Institute of Nuclear Technology Research (MINT)MINT Tissue Bank

Bangi 43000 Kajang, Selangor, MALAYSIATel : 60-3 – 89250510/89282912Fax: 6-03- 89252588E-mail: [email protected]

-Producing and supplying clinical quality radiation-sterilized allograft, engrafts & biomaterials for clinical uses to substitute imported graft-Production of hydro gel and the application of aloe vera plant for wound and burn dressings-End-users are the medical doctors of different hospitals in Malaysia.

University Sains Malaysia School of Medical Sciences

38


http://www.mint.gov.my/R&D/Projects/QA-RAD_E.HTM

http://www.mint.gov.my/CORPINFO/BROCHURE/Medical.htm

http://www.mint.gov.my/CORPINFO/BROCHURE/Medical.htm

(USM)Department of Nuclear Medicine Radiotherapy and Oncology

Kubang Krian, Kota Bharu Kelantan, MalaysiaFax: 609 7653370

University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC)Division of Clinical Oncology

Lembah Pantai, 59100 Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia.Tel: 03-79564422Fax: 03-79562253 http// www.ummc.edu.my

-Diagnosis, treatment and the study of human disease such as: Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) Measurement, Myocardial Perfusion Study, Whole Body Imaging, Radionuclide Ventriculography, Radiolabelled leucocyte, Lung Ventilation & Perfusion Study etc.-Diagnosis is performed by using Xenon-133, Cr-51 EDTA, Y-90, Tc99m-DTPA, etc.-Bone Mineral Densitometry (BMD) for osteoporosis screening-Serves as a tertiary referral center for cancer treatment: -Radiotherapy: External beam radiation – Brachytherapy-High Dose Rate (HDR), Low Dose Rate (LDR), Chemotherapy-Radioiodine therapy for thyroid cancers.

Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (HUKM)Tissue Engineering Laboratory

9th floor, Otorhinolaryngology Department,Jalan Ya'akob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.E-mail: [email protected]://www.hukm.ukm.my

-Hospital UKM is actively working on tissue engineering of human skin, cartilage and bone

UKM Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak56000 Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia.Tel: (603) - 9173 3333 / 9170 3804/2115Fax:(603) - 9173 8612/91737144Website http://www.hukm.ukm.my

Diagnosis and treatment services such as separation of cells, plasma pheresis, bone density measurement, radiotherapy & oncology and dialysis.

Penang Hospital Nuclear Medicine Division,

Department of Diagnostic Imaging,Jalan Residensi,10990 PenangTel: 604-2293 333

-Use of Radiosynovectomy in the Management of Patients Suffering from Painful Joint Disorders

39

http://www.hukm.ukm.my/

http://www.hukm.ukm.my/


http://www.ummc.edu.my/

Fax: 604-2281 737

MONGOLIA

Nuclear Energy Commission (NEC), Government of Mongolia was established 1962. Nuclear Energy Commission under auspices of

the Member of the Government in charge of science issues shall be responsible for the development of policy for the activities relating

to development of nuclear research and technology, use of radiation sources, and to ensure radiation protection and safety. NEC, the

Nuclear Research Center, National University of Mongolia, which are the main nuclear research institutes in Mongolia. Mongolia

became a party to the RCA on 19 October 1992. Membership in the Agreement has opened ways of promoting nuclear research,

introducing new nuclear technology in appropriate sectors, developing co-operation with Member States, and in training and

professionally upgrading scientific personnel. Mongolia is participating the medical application related active projects:







40




COUNTRY: MONGOLIANAME OF INSTITUTION ADDRESS MAJOR ACTIVITIES

Nuclear Energy Commission (NEC)

Tseren DAMDINSUREN ProfP.O.B 46-856Ulaanbaatar, MongoliaTel/Fax: 976-11-329019E-mail: [email protected]://www.nec.mn/

-Development of nuclear research and technology, use of radiation sources, and to ensure radiation protection and safety.-To conduct research, implement project by order, establish a laboratory, advisory board and working group, appoint experts, and receive assistance from relevant laboratory, professional organizations and experts

National University of Mongolia, Nuclear Research Center

University Street PO Box: 46/A-305, Ulaanbaatar, MongoliaTel: /976-11/-456348, 481369; Fax: /976-11/-324385

Oncology Center Provide radiotherapy services in the country, having Co-60 radiation source for radiotherapy unit low dose rate brachytherapy unit and others

Mongolia Academy of ScienceInstitute of Biotechnology

To perform a reliable and sensitive diagnostic test of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection by Radioimmunoassay (RIA).

National Medical UniversityCentral Clinic

Provide routine nuclear medical diagnostic services in the country with 2 gamma cameras, RIA laboratory, and others

41

http://www.nec.mn/


MYANMAR

The application of radiation technologies in Myanmar totally depends on the Ministry of science and Technology. The Department of

Atomic Energy (DAE) was established in Myanmar in 1997 to support and carry out matters related to regulations and promotion of

nuclear technology in the country. Myanmar involved in RCA family in 1994. To acquire radiation technologies for national

development and improving human health care Myanmar participates following regional projects:





COUNTRY: MYANMARNAME OF INSTITUTION ADDRESS MAJOR ACTIVITIES

Department of Atomic Energy (DAE)

6 Kaba Aye Pagoda Road,Yangon, MyanmarTel: 00 95 1 664233Fax: 00 95 1 650685e-mail:[email protected]

Providing irradiation for sterilization of tissues from tissue bank by 12000 Ci Cobalt-60 Gamma Chamber (GC 5000 from BARC, India)

Yangon, Mandalay, and Improvement of the quality of radiation therapy in three general

42


Taungyii General Hospitals hospitals in Yangon, Mandalay, and Taungyii. RIA center, DAE Production and quality control of RIA bulk reagents and kits for

thyroid related hormones, (LH, FSH, PRL, microalbumunuria etc.) diagnosis and their applications.

NEW ZEALAND

New Zealand activities within the RCA are coordinated by the Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences (GNS). Application of

radiation technology for peaceful utilization in the country is carried out with the supervision and guidance of GNS. New Zealand

joined the RCA in July 1994. It is donor country to the RCA activities and provides technical assistance to the regional projects as a

Regional Research Unit (RRU). There are six regional oncology centers in New Zealand provide medical oncology, radiation oncology

and hematology services. These centers are in Auckland, Hamilton, Palmerston North, Wellington, Christchurch and Dunedin. Since

cancer is a complex group of diseases and major health issue for New Zealanders, Government has therefore been given a high priority

for cancer control. The New Zealand Cancer Control Strategy under the Ministry of Health provides a high-level framework for

reducing the incidence and impact of cancer in New Zealand and reducing inequalities with respect to cancer. There are 18 linear

accelerators in New Zealand.


43

COUNTRY: NEW ZEALANDNAME OF INSTITUTION ADDRESS MAJOR ACTIVITIES

Ministry of HealthCancer Control Council

133 Molesworth St P.O. Box 5013 Wellington, New ZealandTel: +64 04 - 496-2000Fax: +64 04 - 496-2340E-mail: [email protected]

-Reducing the burden of cancer in the community through prevention, screening and early detection, treatment, support and rehabilitation, and palliative care.

Geological and Nuclear Sciences (GNS)Rafter Stable Isotope Laboratory

30 Gracefield RoadPO Box 31-312Lower Hutt, New ZealandTel: +64 4 570 4636 Fax: +64 4 570 4657Email: [email protected]

-Produces Stable isotopes of carbon 13, nitrogen 15, oxygen 18, sulphur 34, deuterium, and hydrogen.

Auckland Hospital Department of Nuclear Medicine

Physician in ChargePrivate Bag 92024AucklandTel: (64)-9-379-6354 ext7608/9Fax: (64)-9-307-4958

Auckland HospitalDept. Oncology

Private Bag 92024Auckland, New Zealand

-Provide medical oncology, radiation oncology and haematology services. -Treatment for cancers of the breast, lung, rectum and prostate

National Radiation Laboratory 108 Victoria StChristchurch, New ZealandPhone: (64) (3) 366 5059Fax: (64) (3) 366 1156E-mail: [email protected]

44



PAKISTAN

Pakistan joined Regional Cooperative Agreement (RCA) for Research, Development and Training related to Nuclear Science and

Technology on September 6, 1974. Pakistan has played an active role in the various development phases of the agreement and has

gained a great deal from the activities of the RCA in the areas of agriculture, health, industry, quality assurance, research reactor

utilization, nuclear analytical techniques, nuclear instrumentation and other related R&D fields. Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission

has established 13- Nuclear Medicine Centers equipped with modern facilities, covering even the remote areas of the country. Most of

the diagnostic kits and radiopharmaceuticals are manufactured indigenously and supplied to the centers. The centers are being

interlinked with Internet. The RCA collaboration several projects through the application of radiation technologies in Nuclear

Medicine with its research establishment are-










45



COUNTRY: PAKISTANNAME OF INSTITUTION ADDRESS MAJOR ACTIVITIES

Dept of Nuclear MedicineC/O Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission

-Provide nuclear medicine related diagnosis (Liver, Bone, Brain, GFR, myocardial perfusion with MIBI etc.) and treatment of cancer and allied diseases to over 3,25,000 patients annually through its 13 state-of-the-art medical centers all over the country.-Development of Radioimmunoassay (RIA) and Immunoradiometryassay (IRMA) reagents production and applied for Radioimmunoassay of Hepatitis-B markers.-Quality Assurance in Radiation Sterilization of Tissue Grafts

Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTECH) Nuclear Chemistry Divn.

P.O. Box No. 1114, Islamabad, Pakistanhttp://www.paec.gov.pk/pinstech/facilities/radio%20production.htm

-Production and supply of radioisotopes and radiopharmaceuticals to medical centers for the diagnosis as well as the treatment of various types of cancer and related diseases.-Supplying radiopharmaceuticals, sealed radioactive sources and diagnostic kits to various users. -The radioisotopes produced include 32P, 51Cr, , 99 mTc, 131I and 198AU.-Ten types of kits, like DTPA, MDP, DMSA, DISIDA, MIBI, Pyrophosphate, Phytic Acid, etc., are being produced-Kits are used for the visualization of different body organs like-heart, kidneys, brain, bones, liver, renal organs and red cells.End-users are PAEC medical centers mainly.

Mayo Hospital Lahore, Pakistanhttp://www. lhr.comsats.net.pk

To measure quite informative GFR by renal dynamic scintigraphy

Pakistan Radiation Services (PARAS)

[email protected] Sterilization of medical products such as infusion sets, disposal syringes and surgical gloves with a gamma sterilization unit of total

46

capacity one million curieUniversity of Peshawer Fax:92-51-9204112 -LDR & HDR Brach therapy in Treating Cervical Cancer

THE PHILIPPINE

The Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (PNRI) is mandated to-undertake research and development activities in the peaceful uses of

nuclear energy, to institute regulations on the said uses and to carry out the enforcement of said regulations to protect the health and

safety of radiation workers and the general public. It is one of the research institutes under the Department of Science and Technology

(DOST). With the facilities Co-60 Irradiator, Iodine-131 Dispenser and Radioactive Waste treatment plat, PNRI cater the public using

radiation technologies for various applications such as food irradiation, nuclear medicine etc. Philippine joined with RCA family in

April 73. The active projects in radiation technology on Medical Application, the Philippine is participating the followings-









47




COUNTRY: THE PHILIPPINENAME OF INSTITUTION ADDRESS MAJOR ACTIVITIES

Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (PNRI)Radioisotope Production group

Atomic Research DivisionCommonwealth Avenue, Diliman, Quezon CityPhilippinehttp://www.pnri.dost.gov.ph/

-Dispensed and supplied Tc-99m generator and Iodine-131 to nuclear medicine centers and hospitals like- Capital Medical Center, Jose Reyes Memorial Medical Center, Makati Medical Center, Metropolitan Hospital, Rizal Medical Center, University of Santo Tomas Hospital and Veterans Memorial Medical Center etc.-Developing a gel column for the commercial production of Tc-99m generator.End users are the nuclear medicine physician, technologist, radiologist of different hospitals in Philippine.

Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (PNRI)Biomedical Research Group

Atomic Research DivisionCommonwealth Avenue, Diliman, Quezon CityPhilippinehttp://www.pnri.dost.gov.ph/

Radiation-Sterilized Amniotic Membranes as Burn Dressing a total of 817 radiation- Produced sterilized amniotic membranes and used as biological dressings for open wounds in case of club- foot surgery, for second degree burns, and for reconstructive surgeries in various hospitals.

Jose Reyes Memorial Medical Center

Rizal Avenue, San Lazaro CompoundTayuman, Santa CruzManila 1003PhilippinesTel.: +63 2 711 6939Email: [email protected]

Philippine General Hospital (PGH)

Department of RadiologyTaft Avenue, Manila, Philippine

Services are rendered by its diagnostic and radiotherapy programmes such as:

48


http://www.pnri.dost.gov.ph/

http://www.pnri.dost.gov.ph/

Tel.: +632 3723439Fax: +632 5234372http://www.pgh.gov.ph

-Brachytherapy (Intracavitary Radiotherapy) procedure of gyne-onco & head & neck malignancies.-Radiation Therapy, Cobalt Tele-therapy-Studied-FSH, FT3, FT4, HCG, LH hormones in their Radioisotope Laboratory

The University of Santo Tomas Hospital

Radiology DivisionEspafia, Manila-1008

Saint Luke's Medical Center Radiation Oncology Department279 E. Rodriguez Sr. Blvd.Cathedral HeightsP. O. Box 700Quezon City 1102PhilippinesTel.: +63 2 7275410Fax: +63 2 7275410Email: [email protected]

SINGAPORE

Singapore joined with RCA family in Sept. 74. Application of radiation technology related activities in Singapore are carried out by

the National Environmental Agency (NEA) and hence the vision of the NEA is to have a clean and healthy environment loved and

cared for by everyone. The National Cancer Center, Singapore General Hospital, National University of Singapore also actively

participated with IAEA/RCA projects in the field of Nuclear Medicine, Radiation Protection, Research involved application of

radiation technologies etc. Human Health related active RCA projects in Singapore are-

49


http://www.pgh.gov.ph/



MEDICAL APPLICATIONSCOUNTRY: SINGAPORENAME OF INSTITUTION ADDRESS MAJOR ACTIVITIES

Singapore General Hospital Dept of Medicine Bloch-2, basement-1, Outram road, SingaporeTel:+65-3214201Fax:+65 2240938www.sgh.com.sg

Prevention of Osteoporosis with Bone Mineral Density (BMD) measurement.

National University Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,Lower Kent Ridge Road,Singapore 119074Republic of Singapore.

Tel: 6774-5095 or 6772-4424Fax: 6774-4082

E-mail:[email protected] or [email protected]

Measures bone mineral density in the spine, hip, and wrists by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA).

Present Research- Areal and volumetric BMD of the spine, hip, forearm and body composition in children in the 3 ethnic groups

BMD and body composition in the process of ageing in men and women in Singapore

Measurement of BMD in ovariectomised rabbits National Environmental Agency (NEA)

40 Scotts RoadEnvironment Building #13-00Singapore 228231Tel: 1800-2255 632, Fax: 62352611Email: [email protected]

National University of Faculty of Engineering -Tissue Engineering of a Skin Graft

50




http://www.sgh.com.sg/

SingaporeDivision. of Bioengineering

Block EA, #03-12, 9 Engineering Drive 1Singapore 117576E-mail:[email protected], [email protected]://www.eng.nus.edu.sg/research/RP_Bio.htm

-Devices for Cancer Chemotherapy-Bone Tissue Engineering by using Novel Scaffold Systems doped with Heparan Sulphate-Design and Development of bioreactor for in-vitro fabrication of biological ligament device using tissue engineering approach-The study of tissue engineered osteochondral and cranial bone grafts in a goat model

National University HospitalThe Cancer Institute

5 Lower Kent Ridge RoadSingapore 119074Tel: (65) 6772 4868Fax :(65) 6779 6320Email: [email protected]

-Provides tertiary level care in the integrated management of cancer patients.-Radiation oncology services includes: Chemotherapy, Radiation Therapy, Bone marrow Transplant (BMT).

Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET

Singapore General HospitalBlock 2 Basement 1 Outram RoadSingapore 169608Tel : 6326 6040Fax : 6224 0938http://www.sgh.com.sg/MedicalSpecialtiesnServices/ClinicalSpecialties/AmbulatoryandClinicalSupportServices/NuclearMedicineandPET/

Details of Services-To assess thyroid swellings including fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), and treatment of thyrotoxicosis and thyroid cancer with radioactive iodine-131.-Bone scans for benign and malignant conditions of the bones/ joints including stress fractures.- Lipophilic agents such as HMPAO and biscisate are used to assess brain perfusion in epilepsy and strokes, CSF studies for CSF leaks and shunt function. - MUGA, anti-CEA, antibody and anti-granulocyte antibody, octreotide and MIBG scans in nuclear Oncology.- Carbon-14 breath test for Helicobacter pylori infection -Detection of metabolically active sites, e.g. tumours in the body using PET. This is used mainly in oncology, neurology and cardiology.- Full range of hormone assays for assessing metabolic functionsRadionuclide Therapy includes: -Phosphorus-32 for effusion and polycythemia- Strontium-89 and Rhenium-188 HEDP for bone metastases- Iodine-131 for thyrotoxicosis and thyroid carcinoma- Iodine-131 MIBG for neuroblastoma and phaeochromocytoma

51

http://www.sgh.com.sg/MedicalSpecialtiesnServices/ClinicalSpecialties/AmbulatoryandClinicalSupportServices/NuclearMedicineandPET/




http://www.eng.nus.edu.sg/research/RP_Bio.htm



- Iodine-131 Lipiodol and Yttrium-90 Microspheres for hepatocellular carcinomaResearch- -Adjunctive treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma-Sentinel node studies and scintimammography- Hepatic blood flow measurements using non-invasive radio isotopic techniques- Use of biochemical bone resorption and formation markers in the follow-up assessment of cancer patients.

SRI LANKA

Atomic Energy Authority (AEA) of Sri Lanka is the government agency responsible for the utilization of nuclear technology to its

maximum potential with reference to quality and quantity in a cost effective manner, for socio-economic development of the country.

The application of radiation technologies for development programme in Agriculture, Medicine, Industry, Radiation safety and

facilitation of such applications through international cooperation has enable the AEA to gain recognition among other national

institutions that use radiation technologies. Sri Lanka has actively participated in RCA programmes since its inception as a member in

1976. She believes that the RCA programme will continue to be useful and important in promoting peaceful applications of nuclear

technology in the fields of industry, agriculture and medicine. The AEA and other recipient institutions of the country are carrying out

the following RCA projects related to the radiation application technology in human health:



52





COUNTRY: SRI LANKANAME OF INSTITUTION ADDRESS MAJOR ACTIVITIES

Tissue Bank Dept. of Nuclear MedicineColombo, Sri lanka

Various steps are involved in the use of tissues for grafting: -Collection or harvesting of the tissue, cleaned and subjected to a regime of processing and sterilization by radiation to further eliminate any possible contamination-Tissue banks supply a wide range of tissues for grafting including musculo-skeletal tissues (bone, tendon, cartilage, ligament), soft tissues such as amnion and skin and others including cornea, brain and spinal cord membranes store skin, heart-valve, cardiovascular graft material and nerve tissues to public and private hospitals.-Capacity of Colombo tissue bank is to prepare, double package and irradiate amnion is about 350 pieces a month, while current local needs are estimated at 200 pieces. The rest is being sent abroad to meet urgent needs elsewhereEnd-users are the clinicians within the health care system of the countries, who currently suffer from the lack of a local supply of donor tissue and associated processing facilities also in overseas over the country demand.

Lady Ridgeway Hospital, Nuclear Imaging Unit (NMU)Department of Radiology,Colombo 08 Tel : 693711

-Diagnosis for static images such as scanning of liver, bone, kidney, brain, thyroid, tumors etc and dynamic images such as filtration of the kidneys.-Diagnosis is performed by using the gamma camera installed with a

53

Fax : 077 802939 donation of IAEA-Radioisotope used is Technetium-99m with respective organ specific pharmaceutical.

National Cancer Institute Maharagama, Sri Lanka Tel : 850252-3

Atomic Energy Authority (AEA)

60/460, Baseline Road, Orugodawatta, WellampitiyaSri LankaTel: 94-11-2533427-8Fax: 94-11-2533448E-mail: [email protected]://www.naresa.ac.lk/aea/

Development of nuclear medical application in accordance with national priorities, utilizing the technical assistance provided by International Atomic Energy Agency.

The Radioisotope Centre Dept of Nuclear MedicineThe University of Colombowww.cmb.ac.lk/temp/new_science/Nuclear_Science/Granvil_info.htm

National Hospital of Sri Lanka Regent Street, Colombo 8. Sri LankaTel: ( 941) 691111Fax ( 941) 698443

Imaging and Intervention Radiology

Navaloka Hospital Colombo 02, Sri lankaTel : +94 (0) 11 2 304444 ext. 220, 45E-mail: <[email protected]>http://www.nawaloka.com/

-Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) scanning for osteoporosis-General Radiography (X -ray)-CT Scan (Multi Slice Sub Second Scanner), MRI Scanner (1.5 Tesla)

THAILAND

Office of Atomic Energy for Peace (OAEP) was established by virtue of the Atomic Energy for Peace and is entrusted with the

54


responsibilities of undertaking research and development in nuclear technology including the operation of the national research reactor

centre and Thai Irradiation Centre (TIC). OAEP research reactor has been mainly utilized for the production of radioisotopes for

medical use, neutron activation analysis and radiation technology applications. They produces Radioisotopes for their 25 Nuclear

Medicine hospitals but not capable to full-fill their country demand. They can produce only 50% of their needs. Thailand has been a

member of RCA since 1972. In collaboration with UNDP, IAEA and all Member States, RCA projects have significantly accelerated

the peaceful applications of nuclear technology in the fields of, medicine agriculture, industry and the environment, thus generation of

a great deal of social and economic benefits to the welfare of the people in the country. Presently, Thailand involved in medical

application related regional projects such as-










COUNTRY: THAILAND

55

http://www.oaep.go.th/english/trr1m1.html


Bangkok Biomedical Centre Faculty of MedicineMahidol University

-Radiation sterilization of tissue grafts and supplies bone and soft tissue allograft to 46 hospitals in Thailand.End-users are the medical doctors in different hospitals in Thailand.

Ramahidol Hospital Dept of RadiologyFaculty of MedicinePharam 6 Phayathai, Bangkok , Thailand 10400http://www.ra.mahidol.ac.th

-Radiation therapy includes cancer treatment with gammaray, photon-ray, electron-ray and isotopic materials. -Provides the services of intraoperative irradiation, total body irradiation for marrow transplantation, sterotactic radio surgery and stereotactic radiotherapy

Siriraj Hospita Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryFaculty of MedicineMahidol Uviversityhttp://www.si.mahidol.ac.th/eng/

-Soft allograft such as fascia lata, dura mater, tendon and amniotic membrane have been procured and used in reconstruction operations

Office of the atomic Energy for Peace Isotope Production Division

Vibhavadi Rangsit Road, Chatuchak District Bangkok, 10900, Thailandhttp://www.oaep.go.th/english/

-Production of radioisotope for medical use with the utilization of Research Reactor.End-users are the medical physicists working in radiation oncology, diagnostic radiology and nuclear medicine in different region of the country.

VIETNAM

Vietnam Atomic Energy Commission (VAEC) a state body for formulating directions, strategies, planning for research and

development in the field of atomic energy in Vietnam. The VAEC is the national representative of Vietnam in the RCA

programmes. There are 28 hospitals having Nuclear Medicine facilities in Vietnam. They produce Radioisotopes for Nuclear

medicine diagnosis and treatment only 50% of their country demand rests are to import. It considers international cooperation as

56

http://www.oaep.go.th/english/

http://www.si.mahidol.ac.th/eng/

http://www.ra.mahidol.ac.th/

an extremely important activity for the development of nuclear fields in Vietnam. Vietnam has become a member of RCA family

in June 1972. To acquire radiation technologies and to develop existing activities, VAEC participates in the medical application

related following active RCA/TC projects:








Use of Radiosynovectomy in the Management of Patients Suffering from Painful Joint Disorders



57




COUNTRY: VIETNAMNAME OF INSTITUTION ADDRESS MAJOR ACTIVITIES

Vietnam Atomic Energy Commission (VAEC)Application in Medicine and Radioisotope Production group

59 Ly Thuong Kiet, Hanoi, Vietnamhttp://www. vaec.gov.vn/About/amrp.htm

Supplies of radio isotopes and radio-pharmacies such as I-131, P-32, Tc-99m generator and radiation protection services for medicine.

Vietnam Atomic Energy Commission (VAEC)Departments of nuclear medicine

59 Ly Thuong Kiet, Hanoi, Vietnam

-Diagnosis for thyroid gland, liver, kidney, and brain diseases-Therapy apparatus for thyroid

Center for Nuclear Techniques in Ho Chi Minh City

217 Nguyen Trai, District 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet nam Tel.:84 8 8356568 FAX:84 8 8367361 Email:[email protected]

-Sterilization of medical products with Co-60 source of 400 kCi

Operation and Utilization of Research Reactor groupVietnam Atomic Energy Commission

59 Ly Thuong Kiet, Hanoi, Vietnam

-Production of radioisotopes for nuclear medicine & industry and other researches-Training and education in order to meet requirements for human resource development

Institute for Nuclear Science and Technique

P.O. Box 5T-160, Hoang Quoc Viet, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, HanoiTel: 84-4-7564926 * 84-4-7564825Fax: 84-4-8363295

Carry out research and development for peaceful uses of nuclear power and nuclear techniques in different branches of the National Economy of Vietnam.

58

59

IV. SURVEY THE REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND FINANCIAL ORGANIZATIONS

RELATED TO HUMAN HEALTH ACTIVITIES

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICIST IN MEDICINE (AAPM)Website: http://www.aapm.orgHeadquarters: American Center for Physics, College Park, MD

The AAPM is a scientific, educational, and professional organization formed in 1958

of more than 4,700 medical physicists with annual budget is over $5M.

Mission Statement: The mission of the Association is to advance the practice of

physics in medicine and biology by encouraging innovative research and

development, disseminating scientific and technical information, fostering the

education and professional development of medical physicists, and promoting the

highest quality medical services for patients.

Objectives for Accomplishing the Mission:

Research and Development

Dissemination of Information

Education of Medical Physicists

Professional Development of Medical Physicists

Promotion of High-Quality Medical Services

Important Function/Activities:

Work with physicians, institutions and medical societies to ensure that time

and resources are provided for physicists to investigate new ideas and

technologies.

Provide information and assistance to physicists about resources of, and

techniques for, obtaining research and development funding.

Provide research awards for medical physicists.

Develop and distribute through electronic media (e.g., internet bulletin

boards, video tapes and compact disks) information concerned with

scientific and educational medical physics endeavors and the activities of the

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AAPM.

Organize and sponsor local and regional workshops and symposia on

medical physics topics, including implementation of new techniques.

Address socioeconomic issues pertinent to the clinical practice of medical

physics and work with related societies in representing the professional

interests of medical physicists.

Promote and participate in the development of procedures and guidelines for

the safe, efficacious implementation and encouraging the utilization of state-

of-the-art equipment/ technologies and procedures in clinical practice.

Publications include a scientific journal ("Medical Physics"), technical

reports, and symposium proceedings.

AAPM Education and Research Fund:

To support Fellowships for Ph.D. students in Medical Physics. The

original goal was $500,000 for this purpose.

To support clinical Residencies, including seed money for research. The

original goal was $1.5 million for this purpose.

AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND SOCIETY OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE (NZSNM)http://www.anzsnm.org.au/Headquarters: St. George Hospital, Australia

The Australian and New Zealand Society of Nuclear Medicine (NZSNM) is a non-

profit multi-disciplinary organization of physicians, physicists, chemists, radio

pharmacists, technologists, nurses and others interested in the practice of Nuclear

Medicine in Australia and New Zealand. It has seven branches: New South Wales,

New Zealand, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria, Tasmania, and Western

Australia.

Objectives of the Society are to:

Promote:

(a) the advancement of clinical practice of Nuclear Medicine in Australia and New

Zealand;

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(b) research in Nuclear Medicine:

(c) public education regarding the principles and applications of Nuclear Medicine

techniques in medicine and biology at national and regional levels;

(d) co-operation between organizations and individuals interested in Nuclear

Medicine;

(e) the training of persons in all of the fields of Nuclear Medicine.

Provide opportunities for collective discussion on all or any aspects of

Nuclear Medicine.

Major Activities/Programmes:

a) Technical Documents prepared by the ANZSNM:

i. Calibration of Dose Calibrators for I-123 and other Low Energy Photon

Emitters

ii. Effective Dose at Various Ages from a Selection of Radiopharmaceuticals

iii. Effective Dose to Infants from Activity Administered to Mothers

iv. Guidelines for the Administration of Radiopharmaceuticals

v. Guidelines for Good Radiopharmacy Practice

vi. Interim Recommendations for PET Accreditation (Technical Aspects)

vii. Minimum QC Guidelines

viii. Typical Administered Activities for Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine

b) Provide fund for research, continuing professional education to full financial

members of the ANZSNM

c) Arranged scientific workshop/meeting in every year for exchanging view about

the latest development of Nuclear Medicine technologies.

d) The Society sets Accreditation board for standardizing the training and practice of

nuclear medicine technology and recommends the issue of accreditation certificates

to those technologists who attain the minimum standards of proficiency in nuclear

medicine. The Society is the only accrediting body for nuclear medicine

technologists in Australia and New Zealand.

THE ASIAN REGIONAL COOPERATIVE COUNCIL FOR NUCLEAR MEDICINE (ARCCNM)Website:http//www.arccnm.orgHeadquarters: Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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http://www.anzsnm.org.au/ftp/standard/minQC.pdf

http://www.anzsnm.org.au/ftp/standard/PETaccred.pdf

http://www.anzsnm.org.au/ftp/papers/radiopharmacy.pdf

http://www.anzsnm.org.au/ftp/standard/maladmin.pdf

http://www.anzsnm.org.au/ftp/standard/milkdose.pdf

http://www.anzsnm.org.au/ftp/standard/dose_age.pdf

http://www.anzsnm.org.au/ftp/standard/I123_cal.pdf

http://www.anzsnm.org.au/ftp/standard/I123_cal.pdf

The Asian Regional Cooperative Council for Nuclear Medicine (ARCCNM) was

officially founded at the 1st Executive Board Meeting in Hong Kong, China in

February 2001. In the primary stages of the ARCCNM, the number of member states

amounted to fifteen, but later increased to eighteen. The ARCCNM was divided into

three chapters according to the various regions of Asia: Southeast Asia, South Asia

and Far East Asia. The countries constituting each of the chapters are as follows: (1)

Southeast Asia Chapter member states include Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar,

Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam while the Southeast Asia Chapter non-

member states include Brunei, Cambodia and Laos; (2) South Asia Chapter member

states include Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka while the South Asia

non-member states include Maldives, Bhutan; and (3) the Far East Asia Chapter

member states include China, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Taiwan while

the Far East Asia Chapter non-member states include Macao, North Korea. It is a

non-profit body and does not levy membership fees. The philosophy of the council

is cooperation between physicians and scientists who are working in the field of

nuclear medicine in Asia.

Objectives of ARCCNM:

To foster Asian regional cooperation in promoting nuclear medicine in Asian

countries, particularly in developing and less developed countries.

To establish liaisons with the official national governing bodies of

nuclear medicine of the member states of the Asian Region.

To encourage research collaboration in nuclear medicine among

member states of the Region.

To administer to training programmes for nuclear physicians practicing in

the member countries.

To establish liaisons with international organizations devoted to the

promotion of research, development and clinical application of nuclear

medicine including, but not limited to:

-The World Federation of Nuclear Medicine and Biology (WFNMB).

- The Asia-Oceania Federation of Nuclear Medicine and Biology (AOFNMB)

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- The European-Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM)

- The Society of Nuclear Medicine (SNM)

- The International Atomic Energy Agency-(IAEA)

To enhance regional scientific activity by means of conferences, seminars

and educational programmes.

To facilitate the exchange of programmes for experts, trainees and fellows.

To organize Task-Force Groups in Nuclear Neurology, Cardiology,

Oncology, Basic Sciences, Radionuclide Therapy and General Nuclear

Medicine.

Major Activities/Achievements

Nuclear medicine professionals from all over Asia participate in numerous

symposia, lectures and workshops. Such activities have emphasized the

importance of nuclear medicine activity and educational advancement and

have thus significantly contributed to the progress of nuclear medicine in

Asia.

ARCCNM has made tremendous efforts towards the promotion and

development of nuclear medicine in the region of Asia through the utmost

dedication of the Council. Substantial global recognition of the ARCCNM

has been made possible through the successes of the Annual General

Meetings.

Foundations for constructing an Asian School of Nuclear Medicine

(ASNM). The main objective of the ASNM, as such, is to contribute in the

enhancement of academic activities and advocate the benefits of innovative

scientific and technical knowledge such as PET/cyclotron technology in the

developing and less developed nation in the Asian region to notably increase

the number of young physicians specialized in nuclear medicine. The IAEA

too welcomed plans for establishment of an ASNM, citing its essentiality,

and pledges its support.

Finance:

All expenses concerning attendance of the Annual General Meetings of the Council,

and other meetings such as Delegate Assembly, Organizing Committee Meeting,

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Task-Force Group Meeting, which may be convened as deemed necessary, shall be

the responsibility of the attending member.

Donation from various governments and companies shall be solicited for the purpose

of achieving the activities of the council.

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NUCLEAR CARDIOLOGY (ASNC) www.asnc.orgHeadquarters: Georgetown Road, Bethesda, Maryland

The American Society of Nuclear Cardiology (ASNC) is a professional medical

society. It was founded in 1993 by a group of nuclear cardiology specialists who

sensed the need for a professional society dedicated solely to the needs of those who

perform these procedures. Currently there are over 4,500 ASNC members in good

standing. ASNC is an individual member society and its members are physicians

(primarily cardiologists, nuclear medicine and radiology specialists), scientists,

technologists, computer specialists and other personnel who work in the Nuclear

Cardiology field. ASNC is truly international in scope with some 16% of its

members coming from countries outside the United States. Organizationally, the

Society is governed by a 22-member Board of Directors. The majority of the work of

the Society is carried out by over 20 committees and task forces. The ASNC

headquarters staff is made up of eight individuals

Mission Statement:

The mission of the Society is to foster optimal delivery of Nuclear Cardiology

services through professional education, leadership in the establishment of standards

and guidelines for training and practice and the promotion of research.

The association is composed of physicians and scientists of goodwill in high

standing, who are dedicated to the following goals:

1. To define and disseminate standards for optimal clinical performance of

Nuclear Cardiology studies.

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2. To develop guidelines for high quality training programs in Nuclear

Cardiology.

3. To foster comprehensive and innovative continuing education programs of

high quality for professionals in Nuclear Cardiology.

4. To foster basic and clinical research in Nuclear Cardiology.

5. To increase understanding of the role and contribution of Nuclear Cardiology

to cardiovascular health care.

6. To assess the safety and effectiveness of new and established technologies,

and to develop guidelines for their application in Nuclear Cardiology.

7. To provide advice regarding standards for competency in Nuclear

Cardiology.

8. To represent the discipline of Nuclear Cardiology in various health care

related forums.

9. To act as a liaison between other professional organizations.

10. To maintain an organizational structure as a professional society which will

enable the effective implementation of the defined goals.

Major Programmes/Activities: The educational programmes of ASNC include:

Annual Symposium and Scientific Session in Nuclear Cardiology;

Multi Day Nuclear Cardiology Tutorials for Technologists;

Nuclear Cardiology Tutorials for Fellows and Residents;

A biennial International Conference of Nuclear Cardiology (co-sponsored);

Self Study/Self Assessment Programs on the internet, covering Nuclear

Cardiology subjects featuring case studies;

Online educational courses for technologists and physicians; and

Co-sponsorship with other professional organizations on courses in nuclear

cardiology, ACC Spotlight Sessions and more.

This newest line of activities is entirely Web-based and includes a Nuclear

Cardiology Knowledge Self Assessment Program, designed in particular for those

studying for board-type examinations. Several short (<1 hour) activities are available

for physicians and technologists. ASNC also co-sponsors the ACC Nuclear

Cardiology Learning Center, Extramural and Spotlight sessions.

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Publications: The principal publication of the Society is the Journal of Nuclear

Cardiology, a bi-monthly journal which publishes manuscripts of original

investigation and has a subscription base of more than 6,300.

ASIAN SCHOOL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE (ASNM)Website: http://www.arccnm.org/asnm/asnm.htmlHeadquarters: Seoul, Korea

The Asian School of Nuclear Medicine (ASNM) was formed in February 2003, with

the Asian Regional Cooperative Council for Nuclear Medicine (ARCCNM) as the

parent body. The ASNM works towards a formal certification of training courses in

the long term. The most fundamental job of the ASNM is in the transfer of

knowledge from the more developed countries to the less developed countries in the

Asian region. The ASNM could give credit hours for training courses conducted in

the various countries and electronic courses and examinations could be held by the

ASNM.

Aims of ASNM:

To foster Education in Nuclear Medicine among the Asian countries,

particularly the less developed region.

to promote training of Nuclear Medicine Physicians in cooperation with

government agencies, IAEA and universities and societies.

to assist in national and regional training courses, award continuing medical

education (CME) points and provide regional experts for advanced

educational programmes.

to work towards awarding of diplomas or degrees in association with

recognized universities by distance learning and practical attachments, with

examinations.

Major Activities:

Continuing medical education (CME) points and Certificate awarded by

ASNM for KOICA/ KIRAMS course in PET and Nuclear Medicine, Seoul

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in October 2003;

ASNM Certificate and CME points for IAEA/ASNM workshop on liver

cancer treatment with radio nuclides, Manila in December 2003;

Certificate and CME points for ASNM training course in PET and

Cyclotron, Singapore (participants from Thailand, Pakistan and Bangladesh)

in February 2004.

Projects:

Distance learning programme for the Nuclear Medicine Physicians

Finances:

Grant from Asian Regional Cooperative Council for Nuclear Medicine

(ARCCNM);

Donations from different private companies like-Siemens and Nycomed-

Amersham;

Some International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) funding.

EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE (EANM)http://www.eanm.org/HQ: Vienna, in Austria

The European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) was founded on September

6, 1985 in London as the result of a merger between the Society of Nuclear Medicine

Europe and the European Nuclear Medicine Society. The EANM is the largest

organization dedicated to nuclear medicine in Europe. Membership now exceeds

3,000 and comprises physicians, scientists, technologists and other persons working

in nuclear medicine or related fields. It is a voluntary, professional and non-profit

making medical association that facilitates communication world-wide between

individuals pursuing clinical and research excellence in nuclear medicine. The

association simultaneously acts as a-forum for individual members (who convene

annually at the Members’ Assembly) and as an umbrella for the nuclear medicine

societies of Europe (which convene at the Delegates’ Assembly). This twin-track

approach guarantees that the EANM not only serves the needs of individual members

but also has a good awareness of the challenges facing nuclear medicine in European

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countries.

Objectives and Means: The goals of the EANM for the purposes and using the

means to reach these purposes set out in the followings:

To advance science and education in nuclear medicine, including radiation

protection, for the benefit of public health and humanity.

To promote and co-ordinate throughout Europe and beyond the discussion

and exchange of ideas and results on problems associated with the diagnosis,

treatment, research and prevention of diseases by making use of unsealed

radio-active substances and the properties of stable nuclides in medicine.

To provide a suitable medium for the dissemination and discussion of the

latest results in the field of Nuclear Medicine, and related subjects.

To convene a regular European Association of Nuclear Medicine Congress

to help to meet the objectives of the EANM.

To represent with one voice all European Nuclear Medicine activities in the

field of science, education and the promotion of good and safe practice by

providing information, reasoned comment and argument vis-à-vis European

Authorities, the UEMS/EBNM, the International Atomic Energy Agency, the

World Health Organization, the World Federation of Nuclear Medicine and

Biology, and other appropriate organizations.

To promote appropriate professional training in Nuclear Medicine through a

training centre.

Major Activities/Achievements:

Introduction of Marie Curie award (1990) to the author of the work which is,

in terms of scientific quality, the best contribution at the annual EANM

Congress and Marie Curie travel grant (1999) for the promotion nuclear

medicine research in Europe in every year.

For scientific exchange as well as for business and personal networking and

up to date the knowledge regarding Nuclear Medicine the EANM arranges

annual congress in yearly basis.

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To provide a forum for the exchange of clinical and scientific information

for the nuclear medicine community and allied professions involved in the

functional, metabolic and molecular investigation of disease. The EANM

published the official Journal named the European Journal of Nuclear

Medicine and Molecular -Imaging (EJNMMI).

In coming years the association will strive to continue to develop the field of nuclear

medicine and to publicize its unique investigative and therapeutic benefits.

INTERNATIONAL FINANCE CORPORATION (IFC)Websites:http://www.ifc.orgHeadquarters: Washington, DC

Established in 1956, IFC (member of World Bank group) is the largest multilateral

source of loan and equity financing for private sector projects in the developing

world. It has 178 member countries , which collectively determine its policies and

approve investments. IFC operates on commercial terms, targeting profitability. The

corporation has made a profit every year since its inception. IFC has over 2,200 staff,

of whose 58% work in its Washington, DC, headquarters. About 42% of IFC staffs

are stationed in over 86 IFC field offices.

Mission Statement

IFC's mission is to promote sustainable private sector investment in developing

countries, helping to reduce poverty and improve people's lives.


A. Sustainable private sector development primarily by:

i. Financing private sector projects located in the developing world.

ii. Helping private companies in the developing world mobilize financing in

international financial markets.

iii. Providing advice and technical assistance to businesses and governments.

B. IFC's particular focus is to promote economic development by encouraging the

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growth of productive enterprise and efficient capital markets in its member countries.

C. IFC projects:

IFC finances projects in all types of industries and sectors, for example:

manufacturing, infrastructure, tourism, health and education, and financial services.

Projects in the Asia and the Pacific region related to Human Health care are:

i. Beijing United Family Health (UFH) Center- China

Objectives: Upgrade of existing facilities and management system; and establishment

of a medical training program targeted at hospital administrators and nurses.

ii. Apollo equity-India

Objectives: Through a number of joint ventures programmes improving the clinical

and diagnostic services, medical business process outsourcing and insurance

services.

iii. Max Healthcare-India

Objectives: Raising the overall standards for health care delivery in the region.

iv. Franco-Vietnam Hospital-Vietnam

Objectives: The project will increase supply of high quality hospital service in

Vietnam, and on the whole, improve the quality of hospital services in the country. In

doing so, the project will help relieve some of the burden placed on the public health

system and channel their resources to increase service to lower income segment of

the population.

v. Asian Eye Institute (AEI)-Philippine

Objectives: The project will establish AEI, which will provide a complete range of

services for diagnosis and management of eye diseases. In addition to providing

clinical services, AEI aims to build a specialized training and research

ophthalmology facility that could serve the South East Asia region. AEI also plans to

play an active role in the delivery of ophthalmological care to underserved

populations.

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vi. Wanjie Cancer Hospital - China

Objectives: To provide long-term world-class cancer treatment facility that would

serve the growing needs of the Chinese population.

vii. Asian Hospital, Inc.- Philippine

Objectives: To design a world-class acute care hospital complex having state-of-the

art facilities for inpatient and outpatient care, as well as a doctors’ office building

housing specialist clinics and diagnostic facilities.

viii. Apollo Sri Lanka Hospital-Sri Lanka

Objectives: Establish a modern private hospital in Colombo that will serve both as a

general hospital as well as offering tertiary acute-care services in disciplines such as

cardiology, cardiothoracic surgery, neurology and neurosurgery, renal care,

nephrology and urology, obstretrics and gynecology, general and minimal invasive

surgery and internal medicine.

ix. Duncan Geneagles Hospital Limited-India

Objectives: Establish a modern private hospital in Calcutta. This will serve both as a

general hospital as well as offer tertiary acute-care services covering disciplines such

as cardiology, cardiothoracic surgery, neurology and neurosurgery, renal care,

nephrology and urology, orthopedics, obstetrics and gynecology, general and

minimal invasive surgery and internal medicine.

x. PIIF MedCan Samoa Limited-Samoa

Objectives: To serve 24 hour outpatients center, pathology service, community clinic

and screening service for breast and cervical cancer.

xi. Siloam-Geneagles Hospital-Indonesia

Objectives: Project is aimed at providing high-quality hospital care to residents of

Greater Jakarta seeking private health care.

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D. IFC Financial Products;

IFC offers a wide variety of financial products to private sector projects in

developing countries:

i. Loans for IFC’s own account: A-loans

ii. Equity Finance

iii. Quasi-Equity Finance: C-loans

iv. Syndicated Loans: B-loans

v. Risk Management Products

vi. Intermediary Finance

E. Technical Assistance:

IFC offers a range of technical assistance and business advisory services in support

of private sector development in developing countries. These efforts are funded by

donor countries and from IFC’s own resources.

These activities serve many of IFC’s objectives: for example, supporting small and

medium enterprises, improving the regulatory environment in developing countries,

broadening access to finance, assisting in restructuring and privatizing state-owned

enterprises, and promoting public-private partnerships. Many projects are closely

connected to IFC’s commercial investments. Other services are provided on a stand-

alone basis.

NUCLEAR MEDICINE RESEARCH COUNCIL (NMRC)Websites:http://www.cbvcp.com/nmec/Headquarters: Rickland, Washington

The Nuclear Medicine Research Council (NMRC), a nonprofit organization is

devoted to the beneficial applications of radioisotopes for the prevention, diagnosis,

and treatment of disease. Such medical applications span many professions and

require partnership between government, educational institutions, and industry.

Volunteer members of the NMRC include scientists, engineers, government officials,

educators, physicians, cancer survivors, and other concerned individuals.

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Membership is open to anyone interested. The NMRC Working Group meets weekly

on Thursdays at the Tri-Cities Branch Campus of Washington State University in

Richland, Washington. The meetings are open to the public.

Major Functions/Activities:

The isotope program office of NMRC provides information to patients and

other interested persons about the latest radioisotope-related treatments.

Research and Clinical Trials are currently addressing the following cancers

and conditions: Rheumatoid arthritis, Bone cancer, pain Breast cancer,

Children's cancer, Immune disorders, Hodgkin's disease, Endocrine cancers,

Colon cancer, Meningitis, AIDS & others, Prostate cancer, , etc

The NMRC brings together professionals and citizens from government,

education, and industry. It provides opportunities for growing understanding

and partnership so that the most promising nuclear medicine technologies

can be effectively delivered to the people who need it most.

The NMRC promotes the general field of nuclear medicine and other

beneficial isotope applications such as food irradiation (for enhanced shelf

life) and the sterilization of medical supplies (to prevent infection). It

believes that with modern technology and techniques, the benefits of

radioisotopes can be safely and effectively realized

The NMRC seeks to promote the development of radioimmunotherapy (RIT)

for the treatment of cancer.

SOCIETY OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE (SNM)Websites: www.snm.orgHeadquarters: Reston, Virginia

The Society of Nuclear Medicine is an international scientific and professional

organization founded in 1954 to promote the science, technology and practical

application of nuclear medicine. Its 16,000 members are physicians, technologists

and scientists specializing in the research and practice of nuclear medicine. It is a

volunteer, not-for-profit entity. As a world leading society, it maintains strong

relationships with international societies of nuclear medicine, universities,

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independent laboratories and suppliers of both equipment and radiopharmaceuticals.

It plays an important role in creating forums within which medical professionals

from all medical disciplines collaborate on improving patient care

Mission Statement:

It is the Mission of the Society of Nuclear Medicine to be the recognized world

leader in providing knowledge that advances and promotes the use of nuclear

medicine

Major Functions/Activities:

The society published books, news letters, Society’s Journal of Nuclear

Medicine (JNM), etc. the premier international journal of nuclear medicine,

reaches over 15,000 individuals each month

Sponsoring international meetings and workshops designed and online

activities that provide continuing education credits to increase the

competencies of nuclear medicine practitioners and to promote new

advances in the science of nuclear medicine.

Councils: There are eight councils within the Society, each of which is formed

around a specific nuclear medicine specialty. Councils publish newsletters, sponsor

educational sessions and Society meetings, serve as resources to the policy-making

process and otherwise serve to enhance the quality of nuclear medicine.

Academic Council- (1) to promote medical education, research, and patient care

related to nuclear medicine; (2) to develop better methods of undergraduate and

graduate teaching of nuclear medicine; and (3) to provide a forum for discussion of

problems of mutual interest and concern, as well as an informal exchange of ideas

and programs.

Brain Imaging Council- was established to bring together those SNM members

with an interest in brain imaging using radiopharmaceuticals. The Council provides a

forum whereby information relating to brain imaging may be discussed and

disseminated and also provides a mechanism for the promotion and encouragement

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of basic brain imaging research and development.

Cardiovascular Council-seeks to provide a forum for discussion and development

of cardiac scintigraphic methods in an effort to realize the most beneficial

applications. The Council actively seeks individuals who share this goal.

Computer and Instrumentation Council-provides a source of information relating

to computer and instrumentation science to the Society through meetings, seminars,

and publications as well as promoting the advancement and dissemination of

knowledge in this area.

Correlative Imaging Council-provides a structure in which clinicians and scientists

can develop and disseminate information on the medical and physiological

applications of various imaging modalities as they correlate to nuclear medicine.

Nuclear Oncology Diagnosis and Therapy Council-provides knowledge that

advances and promotes the use of radiotherapuetic agents, devices and

radiopharmaceuticals in molecular imaging, and which vigorously supports the

expansion of clinical trials for such agents, devices, and/or radiopharmaceuticals.

The initial goals of the NODTC include:

i. To foster and encourage the scientific interchange of ideas among nuclear

medicine professionals in imaging that utilizes radiopharmaceuticals,

radiotherapuetic agents and related devices and who have an interest in

expanding the use of radiopharmaceuticals for therapeutic purposes

ii. To promote both basic and clinical research in the therapeutic uses of

radiotherapuetic agents, devices, or radiopharmaceuticals.

iii. To serve the SNM and the global nuclear medicine community as the

source of all research activities and clinical applications of

radiotherapuetic agents and devices.

Pediatric Imaging Council-provides a conduit for the sharing and dissemination of

information unique to pediatric nuclear medicine.

Radiopharmaceutical Sciences Council-has been set up for the purpose of

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providing a forum to; discuss and disseminate information relating to

radiopharmaceutical sciences, promote and encourage basic research and applied

technology in the radiopharmaceutical sciences, and provide the Society of Nuclear

Medicine information relating to the radiopharmaceutical sciences.

Center of Excellence:

SNM's PET Center of Excellence is an organizational component within the Society

of Nuclear Medicine dedicated to all aspects of the development and utilization of

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and PET/CT in the detection and management

of disease. Two primary focuses of the Center are educational programmes and

practical issues directly related to PET and PET/CT, including clinical practice and

procedure guidelines, as well as reimbursement.

SNM’s Molecular Imaging Center of Excellence is an organizational component

within the Society of Nuclear Medicine that is dedicated to all aspects of molecular

imaging in the detection and management of disease. The primary focal areas of the

Center are educational programmes, professional and intersociety networking, and

serving as a resource for development and implementation of SNM policy in this

specialized area.

Grants, Awards and Scholarships

The Education and Research Foundation for the Society of Nuclear Medicine

supports education and research in nuclear medicine through the provision of grants

and awards.

A. For Physicians and Scientists

Awards:

i. Alavi-Mandell Awards

ii. Mark Tetalman Memorial Awards

Fellowships:

SNM Student Fellowships.

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Research Grants:

i. SNM Pilot Research Grants.

ii. The Mitzi and William Blahd Pilot Research Grant and the William L.

Ashburn Pilot Research Grants.

iii. Mallinckrodt Seed Grants.

B. For Nuclear Medicine Technologists:

Awards:

i. Outstanding Education Awards.

ii. Outstanding Technologist Awards

iii. SNMTS Best Paper Awards

Research Grants

PDEF Pilot Research Grants

Scholarships:

i. Paul Cole Scholarships

ii. PDEF Mickey Williams Minority Student Scholarships

iii. PDEF Professional Development Scholarships

WORLD FEDERATION OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY (WFNMB)Websites:http://www.wfnmb.orgHeadquarters: Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul Korea

In 1970, at the third world Congress of the Association of the Latin American

Societies of Nuclear Medicine and Biology (ALASBIMN) in Mexico City, the World

Federation of Nuclear Medicine and Biology (WFNMB) was founded. The First

World Congress of Nuclear Medicine was held in 1974 in Tokyo and Kyoto, Japan.

This meant that new links were now forged between all Americas, Europe and Asia

and Oceania, and these were gradually strengthened in subsequent years.

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The Objectives of the Federation are:

a) To develop co-operation between groups, societies and associations formed

on a national level and active in the role Nuclear Medicine and Biology.

b) To promote the development of Nuclear Medicine and Biology.

c) To organize whatever commissions and meetings are necessary to attain such

objectives, in particular convening specialists in Nuclear Medicine and

Biology in a Congress of the Federation.

d) To prepare and recommend the organization of a unified programme of

teaching and training in the field of Nuclear Medicine and Biology.

e) To facilitate the exchange of scientists between the member groups, societies

and associations and to set up a body this will centralize and help such

exchange.

f) To represent with one voice all Nuclear Medicine activities to the World

Health Organization, the International Atomic Energy Agency and other

appropriate organizations.


To enhance the activities of WFNMB three committees is responsible-

International Coordinating Committee:

Working for the promotion of nuclear medicine in global level through the re-

evaluation of the role of the WFNMB and to redefine its functionality as an

organization.

International Scientific Committee:

a) To plan and develop the basic framework of the WFNMB World Congress

scientific program

b) To advise decisions regarding topics for the WFNMB World Congress and the

selection of the invited speakers

Global Networking Group:

a) To effectively administer the policy issues of the WFNMB by conducting

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systematic reviews and manage the activities of the task-force groups

b) To develop successful policies and programs utilizing data and research collected

by the task-force groups

The Federation shall organize an international Congress of Nuclear Medicine and

Biology in every four years and every member of a national society of group may

participate.

V. CONCLUDING REMARKS

In the memory of its past years, RCA has gained fruitful results and high reputation

as a model in technical co-operation within the IAEA. Looking forward to the future,

the burden is still heavy and the road goes on. There is still endless need and desire

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for the techniques socially and economically. Under the two subjects of peace and

development, peaceful applications of nuclear energy and techniques will be

prosperous.

Every body, for instance, will, on average, have a nuclear medicine

treatment/diagnosis using a radiopharmaceutical in their lifetime. So its demand is

unlimited. The largest group of nuclear medicine personnel are technicians

responsible for the routine performance of clinical studies. But unfortunately, in

many member countries where good training facilities are not available and do not

usually have the opportunity of overseas training. RCARO may arrange distance

assisted training; provide up-dated study material for increasing/improving the

number and quality of trained nuclear medicine technologists in the RCA Member

States. Hence quality of healthcare in the region will be enhanced by the upgraded

and standardized educational qualifications and resultant higher motivation of

nuclear medicine technicians.

Medical physicists play an important role in the safe applications of radiation in

medicine. This includes the development of safety procedures, maintenance of

technical standards, teaching and training of medical staffs, development and

implementation of QA and QC protocols. RCARO may provide those well

documented materials to the member sates. This will not only improve the quality of

service available but will also enhance their professional status.

Some countries (e.g, Myanmar, Vietnam etc.) are far behind to maintain quality in

health care though it’s most important. RCARO as platform of RCA may initiate

special training for Medical technician, technologist, oncologist etc for ultimate

development of patient outcomes through improved diagnosis and/or treatment.

The RCA regional Office now has several new programmes like-Post-doctoral

Fellowship Training Programme, KAIST Master’s Degree Course, KOICA Nuclear

Medicine Internship Training Programme. These will enhance to support the RCA

Member States in their nuclear capability building as well as their nuclear knowledge

preservation endeavours. Apart from the aforementioned programmes RCARO may

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also take initiatives for arranging the Ph.D. programme together with KAIST

Master’s Degree Course.

VI. ACRONYMS RELATED TO HUMAN HEALTH

AHF-Accelerated Hyperfractionation Radiotherapy

ALND-Axillary’s Lymph Node Dissection

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ARBR-Applied Radiation Biology and Radiotherapy

ASO-Applied Sciences of Oncology

BMD-Bone Mineral Density

BMT-Bone Marrow Transplant

CC-Cervix Cancer

CH-Congenital Hypothyroidism

CHICO-Chitosan Complex

CRT-Chemo-radiotherapy

CSF-Cerebro Spinal Fluid

DEXA-Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry

DHF-Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever

DISIDA-Di-isopropyliminodiacetic Acid

DIT-Diiodo-tyrosine

DLT-Dose Limiting Toxicities

DMSA-Dimercaptosuccinic Acid

DM-Diabetes Mellitus

DMRP-Dosimetry and Medical Radiation Physics

DRS-Dynamic Renal Scintigraphy,

DSA-Digital Subtraction Angiography

DTPA Diethyline Triamine Penta-acitic Acid

ECD- Ethyl Cystienate Dimer

EDTA- Ethylene Diamene Tetra Acetic Acid

EDTMP-Ethylene Diamine Tetramethylene Phosphonic Acid

EIA-Enzyme Immunoassay

ESRD-End Stage Renal Diesease

FDG-Fluorodeoxyglucose

FIA-Fluro-immunoassay

FSH-Follicle Stimulating Hormone

FT3-Free Triiodothyronine

FT4-Free Thyroxine

GFR-Glomerular Filtration Rate

GHA- Glucoheptonate

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HAS-Human Albumin Serum

HBV-Hepatitis B Virus

HCC-Hepatocelluar Carcinoma

HCG-Human Chorionic Gonadotropin

HDACI-Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors

HDR-High-Dose Rate

HEDP-Hydroxy Ethylidene Diphosphonate

HGH -Human Growth Hormone

HIDA-Dimethylimino Diacetic Acid

HLH-Human Luteinizing Hormone

HMDP-Hydroxymethylene Diphosphonate

HMPAO- Hexa Methylene Propylene Amine Oxide

HPI-Helicobacter Pylori infection

IMRT-Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy

IRMA- Immunoradiometric assay

LDR-Low-Dose-Rate

LH-Luteinizing Hormone

LINAC- Linear Accelerator

MA-Micro-albumunuria

MAA- Macro Aggregated Albumin

MAG-3- Mercapto-Acetyltriglycine

MDP Methyl Diphosphonate

MEVVA-Metal Vapour Vacuum Arc Ion Source

MIBG-Meta-iodobenzylguanidine

MIBI-Methoxy-isobutylisonitrile

MIT-Monoiodo-tyrosine

MLC-Multi-leaf Collimators

MRI-Magnetic Resonance Imaging

MTS-Membrane Transfer Sequence

MUGA-Multi Gated Acquisition

NAHRES-Nutritional and Health Related Environmental Studies

NCS-Nucleonic Control System

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NPC-Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

NUMDAB-Nulear Medicine DataBase

PCR-Polymerase Chain Reaction

PET-Positron Emission Tomography

PRL-Prolactine

PZC-Inorganic Polymer Adsorbent

QA-Quality Assurance

QC-Quality Control

RBC- Red Blood Cells

RD-Recommended Dose

RTRT-Real-time Tumor-tracking Radiotherapy

RIA- Radioimmunoassay

RO- Radiation Oncologist

RPA Renal Parenchymal Scintigraphy

RSS-Restriction Site-Specific

RT-Reverse Transcription

SC- Sulphur Colloid

SLL-Sentinel Lymph node Lymphoscintigraphy

SLN-Sentinel Lymph Node

SPN-Solitary Pulmonary Nodules

SPECT-Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography

SRS-Stereotactic Radio surgery

SRT-Stereotactic Radiotherapy

SSCP-Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism

TAS -Triple Axis Spectrometer

TcG-99mTc Column Generator

TSG-Tumor Suppressor Gene

TSH- Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

T3-Trioidothyronine

T4- Tetraiodo-thyronine

UCC-Uterine Cervix Cancer

USG-Ultrasonogram

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http://hokudai.systemk.co.jp/

VUR-Vesico-ureteric Reflux

REFERENCES

(1) RCA Member States Websites

(2) IAEA/TC Pride Websites

(3) IAEA-Livelink Websites

(4) RCA Regional Homepage

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(5) RCA Regional Office Homepage

(6) Regional/International Development Organization Related Homepages.

(7) IAEA/RCA Annual/Technical Reports

(8) Coordination and Discussion with RCA Stakeholders in Korea

(9) Coordination and Discussion with RCA Working Level Staffs of the Member

States

(10) Reports Submitted by the Participants after Attending the

IAEA/RCA Training Programmes

(11) Reports Submitted by the Participants after Attending the IAEA/RCA

Meetings.

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