Sudan: A New Future Presbyterian Ministry at the United Nations.

Sudan: A New Future

Presbyterian Ministry at the United Nations

Ethnicity

African – 52%

Arab – 39%

Beja – 6% (a nomadic people living in the northeast)

Others – 3%

CIA World Factbook

Religion

Muslim – 70% (primarily in north)

Indigenous Beliefs or Animist – 25%

Christian – 5%

CIA World Factbook

Northern Sudan – desert – the Nile is the main water source

Central Sudan (East) – combination of desert grasslands and wooded grasslands

Southern Sudan – mostly forest and wooded grasslands, very fertile due to the White Nile and Sue Jer rivers

Central Sudan (West) – not as arid as the North, a combination of semi-desert grassland, grassland & forest

about 60,000 years ago

Earliest human records in region that became Sudan

about 8,000 b.c.

Earliest human settlements in region that became Sudan

about 640 a.d.

Islam and Arabs come to Egypt and gradually move southward into region

that became Sudan

1820

Turkish troops under Egyptian control invade region that became Sudan

1881-1885

Rebellion against Egyptian rule in Sudan

1898

Egyptians, aided by Britain, return

1898-1995

Condominium – a joint Anglo-Egyptian government rules Sudan

1901

United Presbyterian Church of North America missionaries to northern Sudan

Sudan Presbyterian Evangelical Church

1902

United Presbyterian Church of North America missionaries to southern Sudan

Presbyterian Church of Sudan

1956

Sudan granted independence

Troops from southern Sudan mutiny in 1955 before independence is granted

1955-1972

First civil war in Sudan

Ended by Addis Ababa agreement

Abyei

Blue

Nile

South

Kordofan

Darfur

1983-2005

Second civil war in Sudan

Sudanese Peoples’ Liberation Movement/Army

Dr. John GarangBy UN Photo/Evan Schneider

War in Darfur

1993-1994

2003-2009

President Lt. Gen. Omar Hassan Ahmad al-BashirDoha Photo/X

Human toll of two civil wars in Sudan

2.5 million deaths

4 million displacedmany more than once

Human toll in Darfur

300,000 – 330,000 deaths

2,850,000 displaced

51 peacekeepers killed

2002Machakos Protocol

Principles of governance

Transitional process and government structures

Right to self-determination for people of southern Sudan

State and religion

2004Wealth Sharing Agreement

Equitable sharing of common wealth and resources

Interstate commerce freedom

Shared commitment to both revenue and debt

2004Protocol on Power Sharing

Reaffirmed commitments in wealth sharing agreement

South Sudan to have power at state level

Recognized human rights and fundamental freedoms

2004United Nations Advance Mission

to SudanAuthorized by Security Council

Resolution 1547

To facilitate contacts with concerned parties

To prepare for the introduction of an envisaged UN peace support operation

Expansion into Darfur in 2006 (Security Council Resolution 1706)

UNMIS expansion failure

Government of Sudan opposed the creation of a UN-only peacekeeping

force

UNAMID – United Nations-African Union Hybrid Operation in Darfur

Additional influences on Comprehensive Peace Agreement

(CPA)

Protocol on Resolution of the Conflict in Abyei Area

Protocol on Resolution of Conflict in Southern Kordofan and Blue Nile States

Agreement on Security Arrangements

Permanent Ceasefire and Security Arrangements Implementation Modalities and Appendices

Implementation Modalities and Global Implementation Matrix and Appendices

January 9, 2005Comprehensive Peace

AgreementDr. John Garang became First Vice-

President of the Republic of Sudan and President of the semi-autonomous

Government of Southern Sudan

Garang died in airplane accident on August 1, 2005 and was succeeded in

both offices by Lt. Gen. Salva Kiir

Comprehensive Peace Agreement

Southern Sudan semi-autonomous for six years

Referendum on self-determination for Southern Sudan - January 2011

Referendum on self-determination for Abyei

“Popular consultations” for South Kordofan and Blue Nile

October 2010

photo by Episcopal Life, used with permission

October 2010

photo by Episcopal Life, used with permission

January 9-15, 2011

Referendum on self-determination in Southern Sudan

UN Photo/ Paul Banks

February 7, 2011

Referendum certified

98.3% of voters favored independence

February – July 9, 2011

Transition to two states

The Republic ofSudan

The Republic of South Sudan

July 9, 2011

The Republic of South Sudan

18-21 months of transition

Lean government: maximum of 20 ministries

Power sharing government

PC(USA) and Sudan

Community Health Evangelism

RECONCILESudan Council of Churches

Across

Nile Theological College Giffen Bible School

Congregations and Presbyteries

Sudan Mission Network

contact Debbie [email protected]

Individuals

Pray

Learn

Meet our Sudanese neighbors

Advocate

Give

Challenges

Conflict in Darfur and border areas

Sudan destabilize South Sudan

Oil revenues

Inter-tribal conflict

Leadership

Hopes

Commitment to CPA

Khartoum has opened embassy in Juba

President al-Bashir’s statements

Oil

The people