Successful management of delayed case of mastitis in cow

Successful Management of Delayed Case of Mastitis in Cow

Surendar A.PMVN 15030

VMD(P)

Dept. of Veterinary Preventive Medicine,Veterinary College and Research Institute,

Namakkal-637002.

Guided by Dr.K.M.Palanivel Ph.D

Anamnesis

History of chronic inflammatory swelling in the udder since 10 days.

The cow was locally treated by a practising veterinarian for a week.

History revealed all four quarters was swollen, change of milk colour and declined milk production.

General Appearance : NormalBehaviour : Mild StrainingConjunctival Mucous Membrane : Pink & MoistTemperature : 39.1° C

Examination of UdderSwollen quarters with curdy milk in yellowish nature, in Fore quarters.Milk with flakes in reddish nature in Hind quarters.Milk pH to all the four quarters was above 7.6.

Observation on 1.11.2015

On The Day of PresentationSwollen Quarters

FQ- L

HQ-L

FQ- R

HQ-R

Strip- Cup Test

FQ-L FQ-R

HQ-L HQ-R

LHQ RHQ

pH test

Steps taken to reduce udder pH using…..

Oxytocin

Metronidazole

Normal Saline

Treatment

Peripheral Vein Administration

Oxytocin

Intra Mammary using Butterfly Needle

Administration of Normal Saline & Metronidazole

Followed by3% Potassium Permanganate – Udder wash40 mg Tolfenamic acid – 15 ml intramuscularly10 mg Chlorphenaramine malate – 10 ml intramuscularlyInj. VITADE – 10 ml intramuscularly

After 3 days of continuous treatment

Advice given

Wash the udder with 3% Potassium Permanganate before and after milking. Personal Hygiene

> Clean hands > Nail clipped while milking.Wash the animal completely with 3% Poatassium

Permanganate once a week

Discussion

What’s mastitis ?

• Inflammation of one or more quarters of the udder

Normal Inflamed

Swellingpainwarmredness

Mammae = breast

-itis = Latin suffix for inflammation

What’s the significance of bovine mastitis?• Causes significant economic

losses to the dairy industry in the India

• Rs 1,390/cow/year

• 6000 crores/year

The most costly disease affecting dairy cattle throughout the world

cull Rip

What are the health concerns of mastitis ?

• Animal healtho Loss of functional quartero Lowered milk productiono Death of cow

• Human healtho Poor quality milko Antibiotic residues in milk

How severe can mastitis be ?

• Subclinical Mastitiso ~ 90 -95% of all

mastitis caseso Udder appears

normalo Milk appears normalo Elevated SCC (score

3-5)o Lowered milk output

(~ 10%)o Longer duration

• Clinical Mastitis o ~ 5 - 10% of all mastitis

caseso Inflamed uddero Clumps and clots in milko Acute type

• major type of clinical mastitis

• bad milk• loss of appetite• depression• prompt attention needed

o Chronic type• bad milk• cow appears healthy

What causes mastitis ?

• Bacteria ( ~ 70%)• Yeasts and molds ( ~

2%)• Unknown ( ~ 28%)

Physical Trauma weather extremes

Where do these organisms come from ?

• Infected udder• Environment

o beddingo soilo watero manure

• Replacement animals

BACTERIA

Streptoc

occi• Environmental

o S. uberiso S. dysgalactiaeo S. equinus

• More subclinical mastitis

• Environment• Predominant early

and late lactation

• Contagiouso S. agalactiae

• Clinical mastitis• Cannot live

outside the udder

• Treated easily with penicillin

“Streps”

“Environmentals”

“Environmental Strep”

Field language

Staphylococci

• Staph. aureuso Spread by milking equipment and

milker’s handso Persistent, difficult to eliminateo If unattended leads to chronic mastitis

• Other Stapho Found normally on skino Lowers milk yieldo Elevated SCCo Easily responds to antibioticso Relapse frequently seen

Field language

“Staph”

“Staph. Mastitis”

Coliforms

• Groups of organisms• E. coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter

• Environmental source (manure, bedding, barns, floors and cows)

• Coliforms cause acute clinical mastitiso high temp, and inflamed quarter o watery milk with clots and puso toxemia

J-5 vaccine

Other Organisms• Pseudomonas aeruginosa

o outbreaks of clinical mastitis• Serratia

o outbreaks of clinical mastitis• Corynebacterium pyogenes• Fungi• Candida• Mycoplasma bovis

How does mastitis develop ?• Cow

o Predisposing conditions• Existing trauma (milking

machine, heat or cold, injury)• Teat end injury• Lowered immunity (following

calving, surgery)• Nutrition

• Organisms• Environment

Environment

Organism

Cow

Process of infectionOrganisms invade the udder through teat canal

Migrate up the teat canal and colonize thesecretory cells

Colonized organisms produce toxic substances harmful to the milk producing cells

The cow’s immune system send white blood cells (Somatic cells) to fight the organisms

recovery clinical subclinical

How is mastitis diagnosed ?

• Physical examinationo Signs of inflammationo Empty uddero Differences in firmnesso Unbalanced quarters

• Cow side testso California Mastitis testo Surf Mastitis test

How do you treat mastitis ?• Clinical mastitis

o Strip quarter every 2 hourso Oxytocin valuableo high temp, give aspirino Seek veterinary assistanceo Treatment with penicillins

• Subclinical mastitiso Questionable

Attitude adjustment !!!!!! Don’t expect SCC to go down(4-5 weeks ) Discard milk from treated cows

Reducing Udder pH in Infected

quarterTRI SODIUM CITRATE

• Oral dose of 30gm in 250 ml of water, daily for three days.

• Intravenous administration in normal saline at 5% given morning and evening 50ml.

• This treatment was safe, economical, very effective, avoided culling and discarding of milk with the minimal pain to the animal. Moreover, there is no withdrawal periods and hazards from residual problems in milk and meat

THE 10 STEPS TO MASTITIS CONTROL

• ONE: Prepare cows properly for milking o Udder preparation is pre-dipping with a dip labeled for pre-dipping. Pre-dips lower the risk of

new infections by 70% .o Pre-dips

• Iodophors 0.0 -1.0 %• Chlorhexidine 0.2%• Quats 0.5%• LDBSA 0.2%(linear dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid)• Hypochlorous acid• Bleach

o Use single service paper towels, dry teats before machine-application.• TWO: Have a good milking system

o Milking equipment should be adequate in size, functioning properly, and regularly cleaned and maintained

o Correctly use proper functioning milking machines and properly prepare udders• Attach teat cups after thorough cleaning and drying of teats• Provide stable vacuum• Check for slipping of teat cup liners• Shut of vacuum before removing teat cups.

• THREE: Apply and remove machine carefully o Properly adjust to prevent liner slippage. o Remove machine when cow is milked out, shut off vaccum at claw before removal.

• FOUR: Dip each teat after each milking using a germicidal teat dip. o Post-dips seal the teat ends temporarily for 6 to 8 hourso A must for long term mastitis control program

• FIVE: Monitor your mastitis score (SCC, WST) regularly. Take action when significant increases occur.

• SIX: Treat clinical cows, follow label recommendations, treat aseptically. Withhold treated cows' milk from milk supply.

• SEVEN: Segregate chronic mastitis cows, milk them last, cull when necessary. o cows with chronic mastitis serve as reservoirs of organisms and could infect

susceptible cows

• EIGHT: Dry treat each quarter using partial insertion techniques with an approved dry cow treatment at drying off.o Cure rate is twice high as that during lactationo Lowers the risk of clinical and subclinical mastitis during subsequent lactation

• NINE: Keep cows clean, udders free from soil and manure.o Fence off wet, swampy areas. o Keep free stalls and stanchions bedded properly. o Keep calving areas clean, properly bedded (straw preferred).

• TEN: Properly feed and care for cows.

Summary• Mastitis is primarily a management problem

• Mastitis can be controlled

• Prevention programs work best when correctly followed

Thank you.