Successes and limitations of governance of BMCT projects 1997-2012

Successes and limitations ofgovernance of BMCT projects

1997-2012

Dr. Michelle Wieland and Dr. Robert Bitariho CTPA Workshop 2013

Why is ICD not working more effectively?

Governance Hypotheses

Individuals are less likely to undertake unauthorised resource use if they perceive that they:

• are involved effectively with ICD

• receive an equitable share of benefits

• receive fair compensation for the costs that they incur from the national park

This Talk

• Introduction of the Trust study

• Findings on Governance

– Project level--ICD livelihood and common-goods projects

– Macro-Scale—Trust engagement with communities

• Recommendations to stakeholders

Governance

What is good governance? • Governance refers to the process of decision-making and the process by which decisions are implemented (or not implemented). • Good governance refers to the inclusion of stakeholders (particularly local people) in project design and implementation resulting in the ownership and sustainability of projects. • Including governance in project assessments provides a foundation for future M&E and a better understanding of why projects may fail or succeed to meet local and project objectives.

Study Introduction• Goal

– To carry out an impact assessment of BMCT interventions since 1997 to 2012 and develop a tool for BMCT to assess the efficacy of their approaches

• Scope– Assessment of Trust projects in Research, Park

Management, Batwa, Community livelihood Improvement (common goods, livelihoods, Conservation and Awareness activities)

– Tool development

Methods

• 18 Parishes

• 310 Surveys

– 11 Park/Research

– 25 Government

– 196 Community

– 74 Batwa

– 4 LCSC

Findings

Why is ICD not working more effectively?

Governance Hypotheses

Individuals are less likely to undertake unauthorised resource use if they perceive that they:

• are involved effectively with ICD

• receive an equitable share of benefits

• receive fair compensation for the costs that they incur from the national park

Involvement--Project scale

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Baynara Scheme All water projects

Sense of involvement by recipients of water schemes

Yes

No

Livelihood project

involvement2 2 8

161

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

Don't know Not really Somewhat Very

Community attitudes on the importance of involvement

Yes

Don't Know

Involvement in project design & implementation (n=72)

YesNo

Don't Know

Did participant feel able to speak their mind? (n=70)

Involvement--Macro-scale

Don't Know

No

Yes

Do the LCSCs serve as a tool for representation and

ownership in Trust activities?

NoYes

Awareness of the LCSC system by informants

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Batwa awareness of Trust programs

Not aware

Are aware

Resolution:• Use local advice and review the LCSC system

0

2

4

6

8

10

Facilitation Grassrootslcsc

M/E Moremeetings

Oversightfrom Trust

Sensitization Term limits Training forlcsc

How to strengthen LCSC according to Local Government

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

LCSC workwith villages

Create LCSCreview board

Publicize LCSC Facilitation ConservationAwareness

Restart LCSCsystem

Other

How to strengthen the LCSC system

Equity

• Trust livelihood participants perception of equity in their project

• Overall Equity:

– Did the poorest of the community benefit?

Did everyone get an equal share?

No 14

Yes 53

Fair Compensation

• Did the Trust target those who bear the brunt of conservation impacts?

– The Trust has worked a lot with the Batwa, purchasing land, educational support, housing, and livelihoods

– Many of the projects the Trust undertakes are not in front-line communities

Key Impacts and Findings

• Project Governance—Local ownership and participation in BMCT projects is good– Most beneficiaries feel strongly that they are involved and have

equitable benefits from projects– Livelihood projects are incredibly popular, but without proper

targeting aren’t impacting conservation to their potential– People don’t remember linkages of conservation to common

goods projects after awhile, so there must be constant presence

• Macro-Scale Governance—LCSC system of representation needs work– Batwa representation not good enough– Representation must reach village level for true representation

of local needs and desires

• Good governance is one key component necessary for successful projects

Acknowledgements

LCSC systemDistrict representative

Subcounty LCSC

Parish interim representative

Villagers

LC2

LC3

LC2LC2

LC2

LC1

LC1

LC1

LC1

LC1

LC1