Top Banner
Success of Chile in Developing More than Other Latin American Countries By Vardges Ejuryan
22

Success of Chile in Developing More than Other Latin American Countries

Jan 02, 2016

Download

Documents

kato-gardner

Success of Chile in Developing More than Other Latin American Countries. By Vardges Ejuryan. Brief History. Prior to the Spanish arrival, Chile was ruled by Incans and native Indians. Declared independent in 1810, won in 1818. Location. West of Bolivia West of Argentina South of Peru - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Page 1: Success of Chile in Developing  More than Other Latin American Countries

Success of Chile in Developing More than Other Latin American

Countries

By Vardges Ejuryan

Page 2: Success of Chile in Developing  More than Other Latin American Countries

Brief History

• Prior to the Spanish arrival, Chile was ruled by Incans and native Indians.

• Declared independent in 1810, won in 1818.

Page 3: Success of Chile in Developing  More than Other Latin American Countries

Location

• West of Bolivia • West of Argentina • South of Peru• Bordering on Pacific

Ocean• Chile is a Pac Rim

country.• Capital is Santiago

Page 4: Success of Chile in Developing  More than Other Latin American Countries

Specific Facts

• Population of over 16 million• Spanish is the primary spoken language• GDP is 49% industry and 44% services• Labor force is 7 million, primarily in services• With 8.3% unemployment

Page 5: Success of Chile in Developing  More than Other Latin American Countries

Significant Factors

• 18.2% of the population is below the poverty line• Inflation rate (CPI) is 2.1%• 21% of total GDP is accounted for in investment• 10.5 million out of 16 million have cell phones• 6.7 million out of 16 million are online

Page 6: Success of Chile in Developing  More than Other Latin American Countries

Political Overview of 1970ies

• In 1970, Salvador Allende (Marxist) is elected• Nixon orders CIA to intervene • Chilean military officers plan a coup, Commander-in-

chief General Rene Scheider disagrees and gets assassinated

• 1973, Political deadlock, street demonstrations and work stoppage.

• 1/3 of US embassy on CIA payroll• August 23, Allende promotes Pinochet to Commander-

in-Chief• On September 11 Pinochet performs the coup and

seizes control of government until 1990

Page 7: Success of Chile in Developing  More than Other Latin American Countries

Augusto Pinochet

Page 8: Success of Chile in Developing  More than Other Latin American Countries

Free Market Reforms

• From 1973 to 1982 (international debt crisis)• Implemented economic policies to turn Chile

from an isolationist to liberalized economy• Inflation was greatly reduced • Government deficit was eliminated• Opened economy to foreign investment

Page 9: Success of Chile in Developing  More than Other Latin American Countries

4th Time is the Charm

• This had been attempted before, three times and failed between 1950-1970

• Primary reason for failure was due to highly overvalued real exchange rate

• Secondary reason for failure was due to high restrictions on quantity

Page 10: Success of Chile in Developing  More than Other Latin American Countries

This time…

• Chile used an open trade system• Low import tariffs• Low exchange rate controls• Low trade controls • Low restrictions on capital flight

Page 11: Success of Chile in Developing  More than Other Latin American Countries

Land Market Reforms

• While under Marxist rule, 50% of total land was public

• Privatization began in 1974 and encouraged small farms to be managed by owners

• 1978 ban on corporate ownership of land lifted• 28% of land was returned to prior owners• The remainder was auctioned

Page 12: Success of Chile in Developing  More than Other Latin American Countries

Other Reforms

• Financial institution investment and development• Investment in education, following French model• Inflation control policy• Investment in macroeconomic institutions

Page 13: Success of Chile in Developing  More than Other Latin American Countries

Fiscal Discipline

• Balanced budget

• Negate deficits of a time period with surpluses of other periods

• Countercyclical

Page 14: Success of Chile in Developing  More than Other Latin American Countries

Debt Crisis

• 1982 the Debt Crisis hit Chile • Unemployment above 20%• Most banks went bankrupt• Chile in severe distress• 1983 financial sector of market was nationalized• Subsidizing and rescue of banks caused Central

Bank deficits, leading to increased inflation

Page 15: Success of Chile in Developing  More than Other Latin American Countries

Response to Crisis

• 1985 Pinochet went with economists whom advocated free markets and macroeconomic disciplines

• Adopted new policies• -reestablish growth• -reduce debt• -increase financial and manufacturing sectors

Page 16: Success of Chile in Developing  More than Other Latin American Countries

Relief

• With these new policies, capital flight controls, the help of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the World Bank Chile was able to cope with and end the Debt Crisis.

Page 17: Success of Chile in Developing  More than Other Latin American Countries

Importance of Capital Flight

Page 18: Success of Chile in Developing  More than Other Latin American Countries

Capital Flight During Debt Crisis

Page 19: Success of Chile in Developing  More than Other Latin American Countries
Page 20: Success of Chile in Developing  More than Other Latin American Countries

Reasons for Success of Chile

• Fiscal discipline

• Inflation control

• Strong financial and capital markets

• Excellent trade-export system

• Investment in institutions and education

Page 21: Success of Chile in Developing  More than Other Latin American Countries

Questions and Comments

Page 22: Success of Chile in Developing  More than Other Latin American Countries

FIN!

Thank you for your time!