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Substation
Commissioning
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Topics
Project Overview Review Work Plan Substation Equipment Testing
Power Circuit Breakers
Power Transformers
Capacitors
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Project Overview Reviewing the Work Plan
Planning and Co-ordinating the WorkPlan Communicating Verifying
Testing
Troubleshooting, Re-verifying, Re-testing
Completing Project Documentation
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Review the Work
Plan
Review the Work
Plan
Identify whats happening Who will be involved? Identify Responsibilities
Review Project Documentation
Develop Work Sequence
Identify whats happening Who will be involved? Identify Responsibilities
Review Project Documentation
Develop Work Sequence
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Power Circuit Breakers
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Power Circuit Breaker Guidelines
Test CTs
Measure Coils & Megger
Wiring & Jumpers
Physical OrientationVerify Prints
Record Nameplate
Data
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Testing CTs
Ratio, Polarity, & Burden
Open Circuit Excitation
Buzz & Megger Cables
Terminate Hardwired Shorts on Spares
Verify CT circuits only grounded @ one point
Verify Shorting Bar is GROUNDED
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Power Circuit Breaker Guidelines
Gas Fill & Measure
Test CTs
Measure Coils & Megger
Wiring & Jumpers
Physical OrientationVerify Prints
Record Nameplate
Data
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SF6 Parameters
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Power Circuit Breaker Guidelines
Wiring Checks
Check Timing
Gas Fill & Measure
Test CTs
Measure Coils & Megger
Wiring & Jumpers
Physical OrientationVerify Prints
Record Nameplate
Data
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Purpose:
Method:
Analysis
:
Breaker Timing
Verifies Breaker Contacts are Opening
& Closing within acceptable time limits
Measure Tripping & Closing Times
Contact Velocities & Inter-pole Spread
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Time (ms)
Time & Travel for Close (Contact Velocity)
Distance
36 mm/ 14 ms =2.57 m/s
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Breaker Timing Test
PlanTrip (Both Trip Coils)
Close w/ X Coil Included
Reclose using each Trip Coil
Trip-Free using each Trip Coil
Close w/ X Coil Excluded
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Breaker Timing
Start w/ a Close Shot TC1 Reclose
Trip & Trip Free on
TC1App note 7 close
(Move leads to TC2)
App note 7 reclose
w/TC2 connected
Trip & Trip Free onTC2
PCB Open PCB Closed
All done with only 8 operations
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Power Circuit Breaker Guidelines
Wiring Checks
Energy Storage
Checks
Primary Contact
Resistance
Check Timing
Gas Fill & Measure (after 24
hrs)
Test CTs
Measure Coils & Hand Megger
Wiring & Jumpers
Physical OrientationVerify Prints
Record Nameplate
Data
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Energy Storage
SystemsSpring Pressure Rundown Checks
Spring Discharge
Overnight Sag
Motor Start/Stop
Low Spring AlarmOperation Block
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Energy Storage
Systems
Temperature
Compensated
SF6 Purity & Moisture
Gas Density Checks
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Power Circuit Breaker Guidelines
Wiring Checks
Final Moisture
Accessory and Alarm
Checks
Operational Checks /
Load Overall
Power Factor
Energy Storage
Primary Contact
Resistance
Check Timing
Gas Fill & Measure
Test CTs
Measure Coils & Megger
Wiring & Jumpers
Physical OrientationVerify Prints
Record Nameplate
Data
Final Checks
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Final Checks
Trip Checks - Local & Remote
Alarms & Indications - Local & Remote - SCADA
CT Final Checks
Bridge & Dummy Load PT Circuits
Gas Pressures
Ground Switches Open / All Relays in Service
Hi-Pot w/ System Voltage
Close PCB & Pick-up Load
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QuickTime and aH.264 decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
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PCB Final Checks
Trip Checks - Local and Remote
Alarms - Local & Remote - SCADA
CT Final Checks
Bridge & Dummy Load PT Circuits
Gas Pressures
Ground Switches Open / All Relays in Service
Hi-Pot w/ System Voltage
In Service Checks
Close PCB & Pick-up Load
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Power Transformers
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Transformer Testing Guidelines
Oil Processing / Sample
Test CTs
Hand Meggering
Wiring & Jumpers
Physical Orientation
Auxiliary Components
Record Nameplate
Data
Insulation Power Factor
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Insulation Power Factor
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Insulation Power Factor
Capacitive Current Leakage Current
Capacitance representsability to store energy
when voltage is applied
Dissipated energy andheating from applied
voltage across insulation
Measuring Dielectric Loss
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Insulation Power Factor
Here it is Ratio of Dielectric Losses to Total Power supplied,
or ratio of leakage current to total current.Example: Total Power = 460 mVA with 3.3 mW : Calculated % PF = 0.72
% Power Factor in general: Ratio of Watts to Total
Power
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Insulation Power Factor Grounded Specimen Test (Ground)
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Grounded Specimen Test w/ LV guarded out (Guard)
Insulation Power Factor
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Un-grounded Specimen Test (UST)
Insulation Power Factor
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Ground, Guard, & UST
Insulation Power Factor
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Ground
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Guard
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UST
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Ground
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Guard + UST
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Excitation Current
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Excitation Current
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Bushings
Bushing
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Bushing
s
Higher Voltages have potential taps w/ C2 > C1. Check Nameplate before
applying voltages. Megger Bushing and its tap if no PF test set is
available.
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Transformer Testing Guidelines
Insulation Power Factor
Winding Ratio, Polarity
Oil Processing/ Sample
Test CTs
Hand Meggering
Wiring & Jumpers
Physical Orientation
Auxiliary Components
Record Nameplate
Data
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Winding Ratio, Polarity
Purpose:Checks Turns Ratio & Polarity on all tap
connections
Method: TTR Test Set continually through all taps.
Analysis
:
Measured Ratio and Nameplate should match
very closely (0.2%)
Measured Ratio will be slightly lower than
calculated due to slight losses in TTR test set.
Shorted turns & high contact resistance indicated
by high excitation current. Ratio error greater
than 0.2% will be easily noted.
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Transformer Testing Guidelines
Insulation Power Factor
Winding Ratio, Polarity
Oil Processing/ Sample
Test CTs
Hand Meggering
Wiring & Jumpers
Physical Orientation
Auxiliary Components
Record Nameplate
Data
Impedance
Measuring Impedance
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g p
Purpose:
Method:
Analysis
:
Detect shipping damage & basis for future tests
Compare with Nameplate at Nominal Taps
Useful for determining core and coil shifting,
loose or high resistance connections
Measuring Impedance
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g p
Measuring Impedance
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g p
In General:
3 Phase wye-wye or
wye-delta
3 Phase delta-delta
Zero-sequence
T f T ti G id li
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Transformer Testing Guidelines
Insulation Power Factor
Winding Ratio, Polarity
Oil Processing/ Sample
Test CTs
Hand Meggering
Wiring & Jumpers
Physical Orientation
Auxiliary Components
Record Nameplate
Data
Impedance
Calibrate Temperature
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T f T ti G id li
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Transformer Testing Guidelines
Insulation Power Factor
Winding Ratio, Polarity
Oil Processing/ Sample
Test CTs
Hand Meggering
Wiring & Jumpers
Physical Orientation
Auxiliary Components
Record Nameplate
Data
Impedance
Calibrate Temperature
Bump Fans & Pumps
Bushing Pot Devices
DC Winding Resistance
Megger Core Ground &Windings
Trip Checks
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Capacitors
esting Capacitors (Impedance)Start with Nameplate rating on
200 KVAR @ 22800 V
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Sta t t a ep ate at g o
Can:
200 KVAR @ 22800 V
I = kVAR / kV
I = 200 / 22.8 = 8.77 A
Xc (per can) = I / jw(C)
Xc (per can) = 22800 / 8.77 = 2600 Ohms
C = 1 / 377 (Xc)
C = 1 / 377 (2600) = 1.02 microF
Each Can is then rated @ 1.02 microF
Q (kVar)= V I sin (theta)
= V / I
Testing Capacitors (Contd)
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C (meas) = I (meas) / V (meas) * 377
Number of Cells in Test?
100.58 0.859 22.6
100.44 0.867 22.8
100.56 0.860 22.6
Vmeas Imeas Cmeas
with V (meas) @ 100V, measure I
22
1.02 * 22 = 22.4 microF Cap. per layer
Build Data Sheet
22.4 0.2 0.89
22.4 0.4 1.79
22.4 0.2 0.89
Ccalc d %d
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Rack Wiring
Wiring Checks
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Compare Schematics w/ Wiring Prints
Buzz point to point
Check Diodes
Contact Makeups
Test Switches
Terminal Blocks
Jumpers
Wiring Checks
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Relay
In Service Checks
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In Service Checks Pre-determine the measurements.
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Cutout your TRIPS Magnitude and polarity of each current
and voltage (phase angle and rotation) Look for quantities where you do and
dont expect them to be.
Open CTs & Shorted CTs
Wrong Ratios
Neutral Connections
Proper Potentials
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Stay SAFE...
Thank you
for joiningus.