SUBORDINATE CLAUSES OBJECTIVES: 1. Students should understand that… a. A subordinate clause contains a subject and a predicate but cannot stand alone as a complete thought. b. Subordinate clauses can begin with a subordinating conjunction OR a relative pronoun. c. Subordinate clauses and dependent clauses are the same thing. 2. Students should be able to… a. Identify examples of subordinate clauses and distinguish them from independent clauses. b. Write examples of subordinate clauses. LITERATURE: This unit contains example selections from the novel Animal Farm by George Orwell. Ten-Minute Grammar
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SUBORDINATE CLAUSES
OBJECTIVES:
1. Students should understand that…
a. A subordinate clause contains a subject and a predicate but cannot stand alone as a
complete thought.
b. Subordinate clauses can begin with a subordinating conjunction OR a relative pronoun.
c. Subordinate clauses and dependent clauses are the same thing.
2. Students should be able to…
a. Identify examples of subordinate clauses and distinguish them from independent clauses.
b. Write examples of subordinate clauses.
LITERATURE:
This unit contains example selections from the novel Animal
Farm by George Orwell.
Ten-Minute Grammar
A dependent clause, also called a SUBORDINATE CLAUSE, is a group of
words that has a SUBJECT and a PREDICATE but cannot stand alone.
Decide whether the underlined portion of each sentence is a SUBORDINATE CLAUSE
(answer YES or NO):
1. Brian was a photographer who traveled into space to take pictures.
2. When he arrived on a new planet, he looked for a nice landscape shot.
3. Unfortunately, he discovered a giant alien monster that had massive
teeth and really bad breath.
4. As soon as he got back to his spaceship, he tried to take off.
5. But the monster, which was roaring loudly, wouldn’t let the ship leave.
6. After a few seconds, the beast managed to pry the hatch open.
7. Brian closed his eyes because he didn’t want to see the inside of the
alien’s stomach.
8. Luckily, it turned out that the beast just wanted to borrow his camera.
Wordplay – Just for fun!
FIXER-ROOTER: How many words can you think of that have the same
prefix, suffix, or root as the multisyllabic word below?
SUBORDINATE – SUB / ORDIN / ATE
(under the authority of a superior)
Ten-Minute Grammar
Subordinate Clauses
DAY One
Most SUBORDINATE CLAUSES look almost like independent clauses except
that they start with a word that makes the clause feel like an incomplete
thought. These words are called SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS.
In each sentence, identify the subordinate clause that starts with a SUBORDINATING
CONJUNCTION:
1. I don’t like Twinkies because they make me gain weight.
2. If you want to borrow my headphones, you’ll have to pay me a dollar.
3. Whenever I ride the bus, I’m always late for first hour.
4. I’m not talking to you again unless you tell me the truth.
Other SUBORDINATE CLAUSES start with a RELATIVE PRONOUN—like
“that,” “which,” or “who.”
In each sentence, identify the subordinate clause that starts with a RELATIVE PRONOUN:
5. I want the car that Will Smith drove in I Am Legend.
6. My sister is dating a guy who just got out of prison.
7. The class trip, which sounds like a lot of fun, is next Friday.
Wordplay – Just for fun!
EIGHT BALL: Create as many words as you can using three or more of the
letters below (at least one eight-letter word is possible):
R D I A I F L E
Ten-Minute Grammar
Subordinate Clauses
DAY Two
In your own words…
1. How are SUBORDINATE clauses and INDEPENDENT clauses similar,
and how are they different?
2. Why can’t a subordinate clause be a sentence all by itself?
Add your own subordinate clause to the following sentences:
3. I checked out a book ___________________________ .
4. ___________________________ , I’m not coming to your birthday party!
5. My friends and I like to go to movies ___________________________ .
6. The English teacher ___________________________ turned out to be a
serial killer.
Wordplay – Just for fun!
FOUR-LETTER WORDS: Take the four-letter word below and change one letter
to make a new four-letter word (keep it clean!) Then take that word and change
one letter to make a new word. Then take that word and… You get the picture.
HEAD
Ten-Minute Grammar
Subordinate Clauses
DAY Three
Read the following excerpt from Animal Farm by George Orwell. Then answer the four
questions below:
(a) They were so delighted with the song that they sang it right
through five times in succession, and might have continued singing it
all night if they had not been interrupted. (b) Unfortunately, the
uproar awoke Mr. Jones, who sprang out of bed, making sure that
there was a fox in the yard.
1. Find one subordinate clause in sentence (a)?
2. Which word from sentence (a) is a subordinating conjunction: that,
might, if, or not?
3. Find one subordinate clause in sentence (b)?
4. Find one independent clause in the entire passage.
Using the proper proofreading marks, correct the six errors in this excerpt:
While major was speaking, for large rats had crept out of their holes and
were listening to him The dogs had suddenly cot sight of them and it was
only by a swift dash for there holes that the rats saved their lives.
Wordplay – Just for fun!
DESCRAMBLER: Try to sort out the five scrambled words below:
ELOS LRYEA RUPLEP NCAMEOR KESACOTH
Ten-Minute Grammar
Subordinate Clauses
DAY Four
REVIEW FOR TODAY’S QUIZ:
1. What is a subordinate clause?
2. Which of the following word sets are subordinating conjunctions,
and which ones are relative pronouns?
a. That, which, who
b. Because, unless, until
3. Identify the subordinate clause in the following sentences:
a. Until the ambulance arrives, you need to keep an eye on that guy.
b. I know a fifth grader who can slam dunk a basketball.
c. The monkeys had to find a new home because a bunch of killer
wasps moved into their tree.
4. Add something to the following clauses to make them subordinate
clauses:
a. ____________ the book was boring
b. ____________ he bought a new tie for work
5. Add a subordinate clause to the following sentences:
a. ________________________, the dog fell asleep.
b. I have a bunch of cool posters ________________________.
c. I am scared of going into dark forests ________________________.
Ten-Minute Grammar
Subordinate Clauses
QUIZ DAY
Decide whether each example below is an INDEPENDENT clause or a SUBORDINATE clause:
1. Since the new ape arrived at the zoo
2. The film got terrible reviews from critics
3. Which came here from a distant planet
4. As soon as the genetically engineered dinosaurs escaped
5. His camera lens broke
Fill in the blank to complete the SUBORDINATE clause:
6. Jesse can’t go to school again until .
7. Although , I still don’t eat meat.
8. My great grandpa, who , died last year.
9. Derrick stepped on the spider that .
Wordplay – Just for fun!
CATALOGUE CREATOR: The suffix “-tion / -sion” means “the act of or
instance of” and sounds like “shun.” How many words can you list that contain
this suffix?
Ten-Minute Grammar
Subordinate Clauses
Extra
DAY Five
Read the following excerpt from Animal Farm by George Orwell. Then answer the four
questions below:
(a) As soon as the light in the bedroom went out, there was a stirring
and a fluttering all through the farm buildings. (b) Word had gone
round during the day that old Major had had a strange dream on
the previous night.
1. What is the subordinate clause in sentence (a)?
2. In sentence (a), is “As soon as” a subordinating conjunction or a relative
pronoun?
3. Is the underlined portion of sentence (b) an independent clause?
4. What is the relative pronoun in sentence (b)?
Using the proper proofreading marks, correct the six errors in this excerpt:
The too horses had just lain down when a brood of ducklings which had lost
their mother, filed into the barn. They was cheaping feebly and wandering
from side to side to find some place wear they would not be walked on
Wordplay – Just for fun!
VOWEL COMBINATOR: The vowel combination “oe” usually sounds like
the hard “O” in “toe.” List as many words as you can that contain “oe.”
Ten-Minute Grammar
Subordinate Clauses
Extra
DAY Six
Read the following excerpt from Animal Farm by George Orwell. Then answer the questions
below:
(a) All the animals were now present except Moses, the tame raven,
who slept on a perch behind the back door. (b) When Major saw
that they had all made themselves comfortable and were waiting
attentively, he cleared his throat and began. (c) "Comrades, you have
heard already about the strange dream that I had last night.”
1. What is the subordinate clause in sentence (a)?
2. What is the subordinate clause in sentence (b)?
3. What is the subordinate clause in sentence (c)?
4. There is only one subordinating conjunction in this passage. What is it?
5. What is the independent clause in sentence (a)?
6. There are two predicates in sentence (a) because there are two clauses.
What is one of the predicates?
Wordplay – Just for fun!
ANAGRAM: Rearrange the letters in the nonsense phrase below to
create new words that actually make sense.
LATE SHRIVELING CAB
(Hint: one of three that check and balance one another)
Ten-Minute Grammar
Subordinate Clauses
Extra
DAY Seven
Name:
1.
2.
3.
4.
While major was speaking, for large rats had
crept out of their holes and were listening to
him The dogs had suddenly cot sight of them
and it was only by a swift dash for there
holes that the rats saved their lives.
Subordinate Clauses
DAY Four
Name:
1.
2.
3.
4.
While major was speaking, for large rats had
crept out of their holes and were listening to
him The dogs had suddenly cot sight of them
and it was only by a swift dash for there
holes that the rats saved their lives.
Subordinate Clauses
DAY Four
Name:
1.
2.
3.
4.
While major was speaking, for large rats had
crept out of their holes and were listening to
him The dogs had suddenly cot sight of them
and it was only by a swift dash for there
holes that the rats saved their lives.
Subordinate Clauses
DAY Four
Name:
1.
2.
3.
4.
While major was speaking, for large rats had
crept out of their holes and were listening to
him The dogs had suddenly cot sight of them
and it was only by a swift dash for there
holes that the rats saved their lives.
Subordinate Clauses
DAY Four
Name:
1.
2.
3.
4.
The too horses had just lain down when a
brood of ducklings which had lost their
mother, filed into the barn. They was cheaping
feebly and wandering from side to side to find
some place wear they would not be walked on
Subordinate Clauses
DAY Six
Name:
1.
2.
3.
4.
The too horses had just lain down when a
brood of ducklings which had lost their
mother, filed into the barn. They was cheaping
feebly and wandering from side to side to find
some place wear they would not be walked on
Subordinate Clauses
DAY Six
Name:
1.
2.
3.
4.
The too horses had just lain down when a
brood of ducklings which had lost their
mother, filed into the barn. They was cheaping
feebly and wandering from side to side to find
some place wear they would not be walked on
Subordinate Clauses
DAY Six
Name:
1.
2.
3.
4.
The too horses had just lain down when a
brood of ducklings which had lost their
mother, filed into the barn. They was cheaping
feebly and wandering from side to side to find
some place wear they would not be walked on
Subordinate Clauses
DAY Six
NAME: PERIOD:
One type of subordinate clause has a normal subject and predicate, but it starts
with a SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION—a word that makes the clause sound
incomplete.
In the following sentences, the subordinate clauses are underlined. In each subordinate
clause, circle the SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION, or the word or group of words that
makes the clause sound incomplete:
EXAMPLE: The fighter pilot had to eject after the jet engine failed.
1. Once the batteries had died, Jake’s new toy was basically useless.
2. Trevor worked on washing the dishes while his sister folded the laundry.
3. Unless you start paying me for gas, I’m not going to give you a ride anymore.
4. As soon as the pop star stepped out of her car, the photographers surrounded her.
5. I would be much too scared to climb Mt. Everest even if I had the best guide in the world.
Another type of subordinate clause begins with a RELATIVE PRONOUN, most
often “that,” “which,” or “who.” The relative pronoun can come before a
complete subject and predicate just like a subordinating conjunction, but
sometimes the relative pronoun is the subject of the clause.
In the following sentences, the subordinate clauses are underlined. In each subordinate
clause, circle the RELATIVE PRONOUN:
EXAMPLE: Millions of people went to see the latest movie that was based on a bestselling novel.
6. I’m really mad at the guy who stole my car.
7. My brand new headphones, which cost me a ton of money, are already broken.
8. Everyone that goes to the new store in the mall ends up spending a fortune.
9. I feel terrible for the family whose house was robbed last week.
10. The bomber pilot accidentally dropped his bombs too late, which caused the mission to fail.
Subordinate Clauses
Ten-Minute Grammar
Practice Worksheet
Identify each of the words below as a subordinating conjunction (SC), a relative pronoun
(RP), or neither (N):
11. _____ that
12. _____ because
13. _____ and
14. _____ who
15. _____ from
16. _____ whose
17. _____ if
18. _____ once
19. _____ when
20. _____ which
21. _____ although
22. _____ the
In each of the following sentences, underline the SUBORDINATE CLAUSE and circle the
subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun:
EXAMPLE: The engine in Uncle Bob’s car failed after he forgot to put oil in it.
23. I can’t text any of my friends anymore because Mom and Dad took away my phone.
24. The pet monkey that Mike has had for years escaped a few days ago.
25. As soon as the ninjas entered the room, the bad guys had no hope of winning.
26. I can’t get my homework done if I’m not allowed to use the computer.
27. Whenever one of her pet cats passes away, Grandma holds a big, fancy funeral.
28. I ended up with an A in English, which completely shocked my parents.
29. I’ve been so exhausted ever since we stayed up all night last weekend.
30. My dog always barks at people who he doesn’t recognize.
By itself, a subordinate clause is not a complete thought—in order to be a full
sentence, the subordinate clause must be connected to an independent clause.
Add a SUBORDINATE CLAUSE to the following independent clauses:
31. The mutated shark started eating people ______________________________________________.
32. ___________________________________________________, I still thought the movie was great.
33. My little brother can’t sleep _________________________________________________________.
34. The frogs _____________________________________________ grew to be the size of elephants.
35. ______________________________________________, I think I’ll try to be a more careful driver.