Submitter Information Verification - National Fire Protection ......safety to life and property from fire, flash fire, and explosion posed by agricultural and food processing combustible

First Revision No. 52-NFPA 61-2014 [ Global Input ]

Add the following statement to the beginning of Chapter 4 and Chapters 6 through 13:

4.1 Applicability

The provisions of this chapter shall apply instead of the requirements on this subject in NFPA 652.

Submitter Information Verification

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Submittal Date: Tue Sep 02 13:39:23 EDT 2014

Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

The provisions in this standard more clearly state requirements corresponding to the agriculturalindustry and clearer to the user.

The committee is adding this statement to the beginning of chapter 4 and chapters 6 through 13. It ismeant to establish commodity-specific requirements that are to be used in place of the requirementsin NFPA 652. More specific language will be proposed as public comment in the second draft phaseby the technical committee, once they have time to review the requirements in 652. Specific sectionsand requirements will be proposed as public comment.

ResponseMessage:

National Fire Protection Association Report http://submittals.nfpa.org/TerraViewWeb/ContentFetcher?commentPara...

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First Revision No. 10-NFPA 61-2014 [ Chapter 1 ]

Chapter 1 Administration

1.1 Scope.

This standard provides requirements applicable to agricultural and/or food processing facilities formanaging or mitigating fire and explosion hazards of combustible agricultural or food processing dustsor related particulate solids.

1.1.1

This standard shall apply to all of the following:

All facilities that receive, handle, process, dry, blend, use, mill, package, store, or ship dryagricultural bulk materials, their by-products, or dusts that include grains, oilseeds, agriculturalseeds, legumes, sugar, flour, spices, feeds, and other related materials

All facilities designed for manufacturing and handling starch, including drying, grinding, conveying,processing, packaging, and storing dry or modified starch, and dry products and dusts generatedfrom these processes

Those seed preparation and meal-handling systems of oilseed processing plants not covered byNFPA 36 , Standard for Solvent Extraction Plants

1.1.1

This standard shall not apply to oilseed extraction plants that are covered by NFPA 36 , Standard forSolvent Extraction Plants .

1.2* Purpose.

The purpose of this This standard shall be to prescribe provide the minimum requirements necessary forsafety to life and property from fire, flash fire, and explosion posed by agricultural and food processingcombustible dust and to minimize the resulting damage if a fire or explosion occurs represents theindustry and commodity-specific requirements for agricultural and food processing .

1.3 Application.

The requirements of Chapter 13 shall apply to all facilities, both new and existing.

1.3.1*


(1) All facilities that receive, handle, process, dry, blend, use, mill, package, store, or ship dryagricultural bulk materials, their by-products, or dusts that include grains, oilseeds, agriculturalseeds, legumes, sugar, flour, spices, feeds, dry dairy/food powders, and other related materials

(2) All facilities designed for manufacturing and handling starch, including drying, grinding, conveying,processing, packaging, and storing dry or modified starch, and dry products and dusts generatedfrom these processes

(3) Those seed preparation and meal-handling systems of oilseed processing plants not covered byNFPA 36

1.3.2

This standard shall not apply to oilseed extraction processes that are covered by NFPA 36 .

1.4 Conflicts.

1.4.1

Where a requirement specified in this industry-specific standard differs from a requirement specified inNFPA 652 , the requirement in this standard shall be permitted to be used instead.

1.4.2

Where a requirement specified in this standard specifically prohibits a requirement specified in NFPA652 , the prohibition in this standard shall be permitted.


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1.4.3

The requirements of this standard shall be applied or construed so as not to create an unreasonable riskto public food safety.

1.5 Retroactivity.

The provisions of this standard reflect a consensus of what is necessary to provide an acceptable degreeof protection from the hazards addressed in this standard at the time the standard was issued.

1.5.1

Unless otherwise specified, the provisions of this standard shall not apply to facilities, equipment,structures, or installations that existed or were approved for construction or installation prior to theeffective date of the standard. Where specified, the provisions of this standard shall be retroactive.

1.5.2

In those cases where the authority having jurisdiction determines that the existing situation presents anunacceptable degree of risk, the authority having jurisdiction shall be permitted to apply retroactively anyportions of this standard deemed appropriate.

1.5.3

The retroactive requirements of this standard shall be permitted to be modified if their application clearlywould be impractical in the judgment of the authority having jurisdiction, and only where it is clearlyevident that a reasonable degree of safety is provided.

1.5.4


1.5.5

When renovation of existing facilities is planned, provisions or this standard shall apply to that portion ofthe facility or process.

1.6* Equivalency.

Nothing in this standard is intended to prevent the use of systems, methods, or devices of equivalent orsuperior quality, strength, fire resistance, effectiveness, durability, and safety over those prescribed by thisstandard. Technical documentation shall be submitted to the authority having jurisdiction to demonstrateequivalency. The system, method, or device shall be approved for the intended purpose by the authorityhaving jurisdiction.

Supplemental Information

File Name Description

61_Chapter_1_revised_per_TC.docx




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Submittal Date: Tue Aug 26 21:38:39 MDT 2014

Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

This first revision represents a complete rewrite of chapter 1 and incorporates input from thecommittee as well as PI -1 and PI -20. The scope and purpose of the document have been revised tobe better aligned with NFPA 652. The material that was previously contained in the scope sectionhas been move to section 1.3, application, where it is more appropriate. A new section on conflicts,1.4 has been added to clearly state the relationship between NFPA 61 and NFPA 652. 1.4.3, on foodsafety, has been added. The retroactivity of Chapter 13 is now stated in 1.4, the section onretroactivity. 1.5.5 was added to clarify the retroactivity of the standard if the facility is renovated.


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PI-1 was addressed through the addition of dry dairy and food powder to 1.3.1 (1). PI-10 wasaddressed through 1.5.5 on retroactivity. Input from the US Sugar Beet association and othercommittee members, namely the General Mills representative, was used to draft this revised chapter1.

ResponseMessage:


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Chapter 1 Administration

1.1 Scope.

This standard provides requirements applicable to agricultural and/or food processing

facilities for managing or mitigating fire and explosion hazards of combustible agricultural

or food processing dusts or related particulate solids.

1.1.1*


(1) All facilities that receive, handle, process, dry, blend, use, mill, package, store, or ship dry

agricultural bulk materials, their by-products, or dusts that include grains, oilseeds, agricultural

seeds, legumes, sugar, flour, spices, feeds, and other related materials

(2) All facilities designed for manufacturing and handling starch, including drying, grinding,

conveying, processing, packaging, and storing dry or modified starch, and dry products and dusts

generated from these processes

(3) Those seed preparation and meal-handling systems of oilseed processing plants not covered

by NFPA 36, Standard for Solvent Extraction Plants

1.1.2

This standard shall not apply to oilseed extraction plants that are covered by NFPA 36, Standard for

Solvent Extraction Plants.

1.2* Purpose.

The purpose of Tthis standard shall provide the minimum be to prescribe requirements necessary

for safety to life and property from fire, flash fire, and explosion posed by agricultural and food

processing combustible dust and represents the industry and commodity-specific requirements for

agricultural and food processing to minimize the resulting damage if a fire or explosion occurs.

1.3 Application.

1.3.1*


(1) All facilities that receive, handle, process, dry, blend, use, mill, package, store, or ship dry

agricultural bulk materials, their by-products, or dusts that include grains, oilseeds, agricultural

seeds, legumes, sugar, flour, spices, feeds, dry dairy/food powders, and other related materials

(2) All facilities designed for manufacturing and handling starch, including drying, grinding,

conveying, processing, packaging, and storing dry or modified starch, and dry products and dusts

generated from these processes

(3) Those seed preparation and meal-handling systems of oilseed processing plants not

covered by NFPA 36, Standard for Solvent Extraction Plants

Formatted: Font: 12 pt

Formatted: Space Before: Auto, After: Auto, Line

spacing: single


1.3.2

This standard shall not apply to oilseed extraction processes that are covered by NFPA 36,

Standard for Solvent Extraction Plants.

1.4 Conflicts

1.4.1 Where a requirement specified in this industry-specific standard differs from a requirement

specified in NFPA 652, Standard on Fundamentals of Combustible Dust, the requirement in this

standard shall be permitted to be used instead.

1.4.2 Where a requirement specified in this standard specifically prohibits a requirement specified in

NFPA 652, the prohibition in this standard shall be permitted.

1.4.3 The requirements of this standard shall be applied or construed so as not to create an

unreasonable risk to public food safety.


1.5 4 Retroactivity.

The provisions of this standard reflect a consensus of what is necessary to provide an acceptable

degree of protection from the hazards addressed in this standard at the time the standard was

issued.

1.54.1

Unless otherwise specified, the provisions of this standard shall not apply to facilities, equipment,

structures, or installations that existed or were approved for construction or installation prior to the

effective date of the standard. Where specified, the provisions of this standard shall be retroactive.

1.54.2

In those cases where the authority having jurisdiction determines that the existing situation presents

an unacceptable degree of risk, the authority having jurisdiction shall be permitted to apply

retroactively any portions of this standard deemed appropriate.

1.54.3

The retroactive requirements of this standard shall be permitted to be modified if their application

clearly would be impractical in the judgment of the authority having jurisdiction, and only where it is

clearly evident that a reasonable degree of safety is provided.

1.5.4


1.5.5

When renovation of existing facilities is planned, provisions or this standard shall apply to that

portion of the facility or process.

1.65* Equivalency.

Nothing in this standard is intended to prevent the use of systems, methods, or devices of

equivalent or superior quality, strength, fire resistance, effectiveness, durability, and safety over

those prescribed by this standard. Technical documentation shall be submitted to the authority

having jurisdiction to demonstrate equivalency. The system, method, or device shall be approved for

the intended purpose by the authority having jurisdiction.

First Revision No. 57-NFPA 61-2014 [ Section No. 2.3 ]

2.3 Other Publications.

2.3.1 AMCA Publications.

Air Movement and Control Association International, Inc., 30 West University Drive, Arlington Heights, IL60004-1893.

AMCA Standards Handbook, Standard 99-0401-86, Classifications for Spark Resistant Construction,2010 .

2.3.2 ASME Publications.

American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Three Two Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990.

ASME Unfired Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, “Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels,”2010 2013 .

2.3.3 ISA Publications.

International Society of Automation, 67 T.W. Alexander Drive, P.O. Box 12277, Research Triangle Park,NC 27709.

ANSI/ISA 84.00.01, Functional Safety: Safety Instrumented Systems for the Process Industry Sector ,2004.

2.3.4 MSHA Publications.

Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA), 1100 Wilson Boulevard, 21st Floor, Arlington VA22209-3939.

MSHA Title 30 Code of Federal Regulations, Part 18, Section 18.65, "2G Test".

2.3.5 Other Publications.

Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, 11th edition, Merriam-Webster, Inc., Springfield, MA, 2003.




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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

Update of references. The 2G Flame Test is mentioned in section 3.3.10 but no reference isgiven; adding MSHA reference (PI-37).

ResponseMessage:

Public Input No. 37-NFPA 61-2014 [New Section after 2.3.3]


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2.4 References for Extracts in Mandatory Sections.

NFPA 51B, Standard for Fire Prevention During Welding, Cutting, and Other Hot Work, 2009 2014 edition.

NFPA 68, Standard on Explosion Protection by Deflagration Venting, 2007 2013 edition.

NFPA 91, Standard for Exhaust Systems for Air Conveying of Vapors, Gases, Mists, and NoncombustibleParticulate Solids, 2010 edition.

NFPA 221, Standard for High Challenge Fire Walls, Fire Walls, and Fire Barrier Walls, 2012 2015 edition.

NFPA 652, Standard on the Fundamentals of Combustible Dusts, 2016 edition.

NFPA 654, Standard for the Prevention of Fire and Dust Explosions from the Manufacturing, Processing,and Handling of Combustible Particulate Solids, 2013 2017 edition.




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Committee Statement

Committee Statement: Update of edition dates for extract documents.

Response Message:


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First Revision No. 2-NFPA 61-2014 [ Section No. 3.3.1 ]

3.3.1* Agricultural Dust.

Any finely divided solid agricultural material 420 microns or smaller in diameter (material passing a U.S.No. 40 Standard Sieve) that presents a flash fire or hazard or explosion hazard whendispersed suspended and ignited in air.




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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

Removed the specific reference to a particle size to make the definition more consistent withNFPA 654 [Section 3.3.5 Combustible Dust - 2013 Edition] and NFPA 652 [Section 3.3.4 - Draft2015 Edition].

ResponseMessage:

Public Input No. 33-NFPA 61-2014 [Section No. 3.3.1]


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3.3.3* Air-Moving Device (AMD).

A power-driven fan, blower, or other device that establishes an airflow by moving a given volume of airper unit time. [ 91, 2010] [ 654, 2017]



Annex_Material_for_FR_61.1409688515793.docx




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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

Changed extract tag since material is actually extracted from 654. Deleted existing annexmaterial and replaced it with the annex material from 654, which is actually the annex material forthe current edition of 91.

ResponseMessage:


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Annex Material for FR-61

A.3.3.3 Air-Moving Device (AMD). An air-moving device is a fan or blower. A general

description of each follows: (1) Fans

(a) A wide range of devices that utilize an impeller, contained within a housing, that when rotated create air/gas flow by negative (vacuum) or positive differential pPressures. b) These devices are commonly used to create comparatively high air/gas volume flows at relatively low differential pressures. (c) These devices are typically used with ventilation and/or dust collection systems. (d) Examples are centrifugal fans, industrial fans, mixed or axial flow fans, and inline fans. [654, 2013]

(2) Blowers (a) A wide range of devices that utilize various-shaped rotating configurations, contained within a housing, that when rotated create air/gas flow by negative (vacuum) or positive differential pressure. (b) These devices are commonly used to create comparatively high differential pressures at comparatively low air/gas flows. (c) The most common use of these devices are with pneumatic transfer, high-velocity, low volume (HVLV) dust collection, and vacuum cleaning systems. (d) Examples are positive displacement (PD) blowers, screw compressors, multi-stage centrifugal compressors/blowers and regenerative blowers. [654, 20176]

Queries

A.3.3.3 – The extract citation has been changed to 654, 2017 edition to reflect the change

(update) made to 654 reference in FR-58. Extract citation needs to appear only at end of (2),

since it is all one paragraph. OK per SL.

Formatted: Font: Bold



3.3.8* Explosion.

The bursting or rupture of an enclosure or container due to the development of internal pressure from adeflagration. [ 654, 2017]




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Submittal Date: Wed Aug 27 18:17:13 MDT 2014

Committee Statement

Committee Statement: Suggested adding the reference to NFPA 654 since the definition is exactly the same.

Response Message:



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First Revision No. 49-NFPA 61-2014 [ New Section after 3.3.9 ]

3.3.10 Food.

According to the United States FDA, (1) Articles used for food or drink for man or other animals, (2)chewing gum, and (3) articles used for components of any such article.




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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

Adds definition for term that is used throughout the document. This is based on a held item fromthe last revision cycle. This definition is based on an FDA definition and is used throughout theindustry.

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3.3.11 Fire-Resistant Belting Materials.

Belts that meet Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) 2G flame test for conveyor belting.




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Submittal Date: Fri Aug 29 16:19:11 MDT 2014

Committee Statement

Committee Statement: Deletes definition as it is not explicitly used in the standard.

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4.2.4 Use of Separation.

4.2.4.1*

Separation shall be permitted to be used to limit the dust explosion hazard or deflagration hazard areawithin a building if the separation is supported by a documented evaluation.

4.2.4.2*

The required separation distance between the dust explosion hazard or deflagration hazard area andsurrounding exposures shall be determined by an engineering evaluation that addresses the following:

(1) Properties of the materials

(2) Type of operation

(3) Amount of material likely to be present outside the process equipment

(4) Building and equipment design

(5) Nature of surrounding exposures

[ 652: 8.2.5.3.2]

4.2.4.3

The separation area shall be free of dust, or where dust accumulations exist on any surface, the color ofthe surface on which the dust has accumulated shall be readily discernible. [ 652: 8.2.5.3.3]

4.2.4.4

When separation is used to limit the dust explosion or deflagration hazard area, the minimum separationdistance shall not be less than 35 ft (11 m). [ 652: 8.2.5.3.4]

4.2.4.5*

When separation is used, housekeeping, fixed dust collection systems employed at points of release,and the use of physical barriers shall be permitted to be used to limit the extent of the dust explosionhazard or flash-fire hazard area. [ 652: 8.2.5.3.5]



Annex_Material_for_FR-3.1409841982930.docx




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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

Suggested addition based on NFPA 652 - 2015 Edition section 8.2.5.3.

The committee modified the language in 4.1.3.1 to require that the evaluation does not need to bean engineering evaluation and that the evaluation is not required to be acceptable to the authorityhaving jurisdiction. This is a less onerous requirement and is considered to be protective.


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ResponseMessage:



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A.4.1.4.1

A building could be considered as a single combustible dust hazard area, or as a collection of

smaller, separated combustible dust hazard areas. When the owner/operator chooses to consider

the building as a single area, then the hazard analysis should consider the entire building floor

area, and the considerations for mitigation apply to the entire building. Where the combustible

dust hazard areas are sufficiently distant to assert separation and the owner/operator chooses to

consider each hazard area separately, the hazard analysis should consider each separated area,

and the considerations for mitigation should be applied to each area independently. Due

consideration should be given to overhead dust accumulations, such as on beams or ductwork,

which would negate the use of separation to limit combustible dust hazard areas. If the separation

option is chosen, a building floor plan, showing the boundaries considered, should be maintained

to support housekeeping plans. [652:A.8.2.5.3.1]

A.4.1.43.2

Separation distance is the distance between the outer perimeter of a primary dust accumulation

area and the outer perimeter of a second dust accumulation area. Separation distance evaluations

should include the area and volume of the primary dust accumulation area as well as the building

or room configuration. [652:A.8.2.5.3.2]

A.4.1.43.5

The assertion of separation must recognize the dust accumulation on all surfaces in the

intervening distance, including floors, beam flanges, piping, ductwork, equipment, suspended

ceilings, light fixtures, and walls. Process equipment or ductwork containing dust can also

provide a connecting conduit for propagation between accumulation areas. In order to prevent

flame propagation across the separation distance, the dust accumulation should be very low. The

National Grain and Feed Association study, Dust Explosion Propagation in Simulated Grain

Conveyor Galleries, has shown that a layer as thin as 1/100 in. is sufficient to propagate flame in

limited expansion connection, such as an exhaust duct or a hallway. In the subject study, the

flame propagated for at least 80 ft (24.4 m) in an 8 ft (2.4 m) tall by 8 ft (2.4 m) wide gallery.

[652:A.8.2.5.3.35]

Formatted: Font: Italic


4.2.5

Masonry shall not be used for the construction of exterior walls or roofs of areas classified as Class II,Group G, Division 1 in NFPA 70, National Electrical Code .

Exception: Masonry walls that are designed for explosion resistance to preclude failure of these wallsbefore the explosion pressure can be vented safely to the outside.

4.2.5.1*

The requirement in 4.2.5 shall not apply to masonry walls that are designed for explosion resistance topreclude failure of these walls so the explosion pressure can be vented safely to the outside.




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Committee Statement

Committee Statement: Exception to 4.1.4 moved to section 4.1.4.1 to confirm with the NFPA Manual of Style.

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First Revision No. 5-NFPA 61-2014 [ Section No. 4.1.5.1 ]

4.2.6.1

Structures housing personnel-intensive areas not directly involved in operations such as, but not limitedto, those involved exclusively in administrative or clerical personnel groups, grain inspection and weighingsupervision, or operations from control rooms shall be constructed in a location remote from storage silosand headhouse structures as specified in 4.2.6.2 4.2.6.14.1.5.2 through 4.2.6.4 4.2.6.44.1.5.4 .

Exception: Small control rooms contiguous to specific operations such as railcar and truck dischargingor loading or to control rooms such as those used in feed mills for mixing operations.

4.2.6.1.1

The requirement in 4.2.6.1 shall not apply to small control rooms contiguous to specific operationssuch as railcar and truck discharging or loading or to control rooms such as those used in feed mills formixing operations.




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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

Exception to 4.1.5.1 moved to section 4.1.5.1.1 to conform with the NFPA Manual ofStyle.

Response Message:

Public Input No. 39-NFPA 61-2014 [Section No. 4.1.5.1]


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4.2.6.2

Structures housing personnel-intensive areas shall not be constructed directly over subterranean tunnelsthrough which grain-handling equipment or dust control system ductwork passes or over other tunnels thathave direct openings into grain-handling areas.

Exception: Small control room structures contiguous to specific operations such as railcar and truckdischarging or loading.

4.2.6.2.1

The requirement in 4.2.6.2 shall not apply to small control room structures contiguous to specificoperations such as railcar and truck discharging or loading.




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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

Exception to 4.1.5.2 moved to section 4.1.5.2.1 to conform with the NFPA Manual ofStyle.

Response Message:



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4.2.6.3

Where reinforced concrete is used in silos and headhouses, the separation distance from personnel-intensive areas shall be at least 30 m (100 ft).

Exception: Distances less than 30 m (100 ft) but in no case less than 15 m (50 ft) shall be permitted ifany of the following conditions exist:

The property boundaries or other permanent constraints preclude 30 m (100 ft).

Structures do not have inside legs.

Structures have inside legs that are equipped with explosion suppression systems in accordancewith NFPA 69 , Standard on Explosion Prevention Systems .

4.2.6.3.1

Distances less than 30 m (100 ft) but in no case less than 15 m (50 ft) shall be permitted where any ofthe following conditions exist:

(1) The property boundaries or other permanent constraints preclude 30 m (100 ft).

(2) Structures do not have inside legs.

(3) Structures have inside legs that are equipped with explosion protection equipment in accordancewith Chapter 7 .




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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

Exception to 4.1.5.3 moved to 4.1.5.3.1 to conform with the NFPA Manual of Style.

The committee retained permitting the separation distance to be reduced if the property boundariespreclude the larger distance to allow for flexibility as well as permitting the reduction in separationdistance if the structure does not have inside legs. The committee modified the third condition torefer to Chapter 7 of this document versus NFPA 69.

ResponseMessage:




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4.2.6.4

Where the headhouse is constructed of structural steel or reinforced concrete framework with lightweight,explosion-relieving wall panels, or does not contain inside or unprotected bucket elevators, the separationdistance from personnel-intensive areas shall be at least 15 m (50 ft).

Exception: Distances less than 15 m (50 ft) shall be permitted if the property boundaries or otherpermanent constraints preclude 15 m (50 ft), but in no case shall distances less than 9 m (30 ft) bepermitted.

4.2.6.4.1

Distances less than 15 m (50 ft) shall be permitted if the property boundaries or other permanentconstraints preclude 15 m (50 ft), but in no case shall distances less than 9 m (30 ft) be permitted.




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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

Exception to 4.1.5.4 moved to section 4.1.5.4.1 to conform with the NFPA Manual of Style.

Committee prefers to maintain the reduction in separation distance for property boundaries orother constraints in order to allow for flexibility.

ResponseMessage:




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4.5.3

Bin decks shall have two means of egress that are remote from each other such that a single fire orexplosion event will not likely block both means of egress.

Exception: Only one means of egress shall be required for bin deck areas where travel distance to themeans of egress is less than 15 m (50 ft).

4.5.3.1

One means of egress shall be required for bin deck areas where travel distance to the means of egressis less than 15 m (50 ft).




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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

FR removes the exception language per the MOS. The committee agrees that the term"only" is not needed.

Response Message:




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5.2.4

All vents shall be fitted with weather hoods.




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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

This first revision deletes the requirements for weather hoods. Most environmental agenciesprohibit the use of weather hoods on vents as they impede the discharge of gases.

ResponseMessage:


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First Revision No. 12-NFPA 61-2014 [ Chapter 6 [Title Only] ]

Explosion Prevention, Relief, and Venting Protection Systems




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Committee Statement

Committee Statement: The Explosion Prevention and Protection systems would be a better title

Response Message:

Public Input No. 2-NFPA 61-2013 [Chapter 6 [Title Only]]


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6.3.1.2

The design shall offer the least possible resistance to explosion pressures.

Exception No. 1: Tunnels and pits where explosion venting is not practical due to confinement by soil,building constraints, or both.

Exception No. 2: Bins and silos where explosion venting is not practical due to bin or silo geometry,building constraints, or both.

6.3.1.2.1

The requirement in 6.3.1.2 shall not apply to tunnels and pits where explosion venting is not practicaldue to confinement by soil, building constraints, or both.

6.3.1.2.2

The requirement in 6.3.1.2 shall not apply to bins and silos where explosion venting is not practicaldue to bin or silo geometry, building constraints, or both.




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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

Exceptions to 6.2.1.2 have been moved to subsections to conform with NFPA Mannual ofStyle.

Response Message:



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6.4* Equipment Requirements.

6.4.1

Equipment requiring explosion prevention shall be protected by containment, suppression, inerting, orexplosion venting. one of the following:

(1) Oxidant concentration reduction in accordance with NFPA 69

(a) Where oxygen monitoring is used, it shall be installed in accordance with ANSI/ISA84.00.01, Functional Safety: Safety Instrumented Systems for the Process Industry Sector .

(b)

(2)

(3) Deflagration pressure containment in accordance with NFPA 69

(4) Deflagration suppression systems in accordance with NFPA 69

(5) Dilution in accordance with NFPA 69

(6)

(7)

6.4.1.1

If the method in 6.4.1(5) is used, test data for specific dust and diluent combinations shall be providedand shall be acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction.

6.4.2* Isolation of Equipment.

Suppression, containment, or inerting systems shall be designed according to NFPA 69 , Standard onExplosion Prevention Systems .

6.4.2.1

Where the owner/operator determines that isolation is necessary, isolation devices shall be provided toprevent deflagration propagation between connected equipment in accordance with NFPA 69 .

6.4.2.2

Isolation devices shall not be required where oxidant concentration in the connected equipment hasbeen reduced in accordance with 6.4.1(1) or when the dust has been rendered noncombustible inaccordance with 6.4.1(5) .

6.4.3* Deflagration Isolation of Upstream Areas.

Explosion venting shall be designed in accordance with NFPA 68 , Standard on Explosion Protection byDeflagration Venting .

6.4.3.1*

Where the owner/operator determines that isolation is required, isolation devices shall be provided toprevent deflagration propagation from equipment through upstream ductwork to the work areas inaccordance with NFPA 69 .

Explosion venting shall be directed to a safe, outside location away from platforms, means of egress, orother potentially occupied areas or directed through a listed flame arresting and particulate retentiondevice.

6.4.4*

Explosion venting shall be directed to a safe, outside location away from platforms, means of egress, orother potentially occupied areas or directed through a listed flame arresting and particulate retentiondevice.



* Where the chemical properties of the material being conveyed require a minimumconcentration of oxygen to control pyrophoricity, that level of concentration shall bemaintained.

* Deflagration venting in accordance with NFPA 68

* Dilution with a noncombustible dust to render the material noncombustible

* Deflagration venting through a listed dust retention and flame-arresting device


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Street Address:

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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

This first revision is based on held material from the last revision cycle. This revision presentsseveral options for explosion prevention consistent with NFPA 68 and NFPA 69. This first revisionrepresents practice consistent with safe operations including mitigation of flame propagationthrough the practice of isolation.

ResponseMessage:


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Annex Material for FR-51:

A. 6.3 See A.6.1.

A.6.3.1 (1)(b) The maximum allowable concentration of oxygen is very dependent on the material, its chemical composition, and, in the case of particulate solids, the particle sizes.

A.6.3.1 (2) For deflagration relief venting through ducts, consideration should be given to the reduction in deflagration venting efficiency caused by the ducts.

A.6.3.1 (6) This method is limited in effectiveness due to the high concentrations of inert material required and the potential for separation during handling. Other methods are preferred.

A.6.3.1 (7) For information on dust retention and flame-arresting devices, see NFPA 68, Standard on Explosion Protection by Deflagration Venting, Section 6.9.

A.6.3.2 Methods of explosion protection using containment, venting, and suppression protect the specific process equipment on which they are installed. Chokes, flame front diverters, and abort gates are not acceptable devices for explosion isolation due to lack of specific test standards to validate the design. However, these devices can still provide benefits such as reducing pressure transmitted to connected equipment.

A.6.3.3 Exposures of concern include, but are not limited to, bagging operations and hand-dumping operations, where the discharge of a fireball from the pickup point endangers personnel.

A.6.3.3.1 A common example for the application of such isolation would be in the upstream ductwork associated with a dust collection system servicing a work area. Loading chutes less than 3 m (10 ft) (3 m) in length and designed for gravity flow are not considered as ductwork.

____________________________________________________________________

Queries

Susan – Re: A.6.3.3 – Does the “discharge of a fireball from a pickup point” apply to both bagging and

hand-dumping operations, or just hand-dumping? Per SL, applies to both.

A.6.3.3.1 – SI units first, consistent with rest of document. Measurement correct as inverted? Yes per SL.

Formatted: Font color: Purple



Formatted: Indent: First line: 0"


7.2.1

Antifriction bearings shall be used on all machinery, conveyors, legs, and processing equipment.

Exception: Sleeve and friction-type bearings, plastic bearings, or oil-impregnated wood bearings shallbe permitted for equipment operating at 150 rpm or less.

7.2.1.1

Sleeve and friction-type bearings, plastic bearings, or oil-impregnated wood bearings shall be permittedfor equipment operating at 150 rpm or less.




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Committee Statement: Exception to 7.1.1 moved to section 7.1.1.1 to conform with the NFPA Manual of Style.

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7.2.3

If a bearing is directly exposed to a combustible dust atmosphere that poses a deflagration hazard or issubject to dust accumulation that poses a deflagration hazard, the bearing shall be monitored foroverheating by automated equipment, installed devices, or periodic manual checks on a frequencyestablished by the owner/operator.




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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

Committee-generated first revision -

The provision more clearly states a requirement corresponding to 8.5.5 of NFPA 652 and is betterintegrated with 7.1, Bearings, of NFPA 61, and therefore clearer to the user. Paragraph 8.5.5 ofNFPA 652 also can be misunderstood as requiring automated monitoring, a requirement that7.4.1.10 of NFPA 61 imposes in the agricultural sector only with respect to inside legs.

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7.2.4*

All bearings on legs and conveyors shall be located outside of machinery enclosures and isolated from theproduct stream to minimize exposure to dust and to be more accessible for inspection and service.

Exception: Antifriction support bearings on screw conveyors and similar equipment requiring bearingsto be within the product stream shall be of the sealed type. Sleeve and friction-type bearings shall bepermitted for equipment operating at 150 rpm or less.

7.2.4.1

Antifriction support bearings on screw conveyors and similar equipment requiring bearings to be withinthe product stream shall be of the sealed type.

7.2.4.2

Sleeve and friction-type bearings shall be permitted for equipment operating at 150 rpm or less.




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Committee Statement

Committee Statement: Moved the exceptions to 7.1.3 to sub-sections to conform with the NFPA Manual of Style.

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7.3.2

Where a drive belt is used, the drive train shall be designed with a minimum service factor of 1.5 or higherif the manufacturer of the drive components recommends a higher service factor for continuous service forthe type of equipment to be driven.

Exception: Line shaft drives as used in the milling industry.

7.3.2.1

The requirement in 7.3.2 shall not apply to line shaft drives as used in the milling industry.




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Committee Statement

Committee Statement: Moved the exception to 7.2.2 to 7.2.2.1 to conform with the NFPA Manual of Style.

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7.4.4.1

Belts shall be fire resistant by complying with the requirements of the Mine Safety and HealthAdministration (MSHA) 2G flame test for conveyor belting in 30 CFR 18, Section 18.65.




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Committee Statement

Committee Statement: Adds test method for fire resistance for conveyor belts in the appropriate section.

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7.5.1.4*

Each leg shall be independently driven by motor(s) and drive train(s) capable of handling the full-ratedcapacity of the elevator leg without overloading.

Exception: Line shaft drives shall be acceptable for legs used in the milling industry as long as they arecapable of handling the full-rated capacity of all connected equipment without overloading.

7.5.1.4.1

Line shaft drives shall be acceptable for legs used in the milling industry as long as they are capable ofhandling the full-rated capacity of all connected equipment without overloading.

7.5.1.4.2

Multiple motor drives shall be interlocked to prevent operation of the leg upon failure of any single motor.

7.5.1.4.3

The drive shall be capable of starting the unchoked leg under full (100 percent) load.




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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

Exception made into a subsection and existing subsections renumbered to conform with theNFPA Manual of Style.

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7.5.1.5*

Each leg shall be provided with a motion detector speed sensor device that will cut off the power to thedrive motor and actuate an alarm in the event the leg belt slows to 80 percent of normal operating speed.Feed to the elevator leg by mechanical means shall be stopped or diverted.




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Committee Statement

Committee Statement: The term "speed sensor" is more appropriate than "motion detector" for this application.

Response Message:


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First Revision No. 14-NFPA 61-2014 [ Section No. 7.4.1.9.2 ]

7.5.1.9.2

Leg belts and lagging shall be fire resistant and oil resistant.

Exception No. 1: Oil-resistant lagging or belting shall not be required for bucket elevators used in flourmills or for handling inert materials.

Exception No. 2: Line shaft drives as used in the milling industry shall be exempt from the laggingrequirement.

7.5.1.9.2.1

Oil-resistant lagging or belting shall not be required for bucket elevators used in flour mills or forhandling inert materials.

7.5.1.9.2.2

Oil-resistant lagging or belting shall not be required for line shaft drives as used in the milling industry

7.5.1.9.2.3

Belts shall be fire resistant by complying with the requirements of the Mine Safety and HealthAdministration (MSHA) 2G flame test for conveyor belting.




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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

Exceptions to 7.4.1.9.2 have been moved to subsections to conform with the NFPA Manual ofStyle. Adds test methods for conveyor belting.

ResponseMessage:

Public Input No. 55-NFPA 61-2014 [Section No. 7.4.1.9.2]


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7.5.1.10 Monitors.

Inside legs shall have bearing temperature or vibration detection, head pulley alignment, and beltalignment monitors at head and tail pulleys.

Exception: Legs that have capacities less than 106 m 3 /hr (3750 ft 3 /hr).

7.5.1.10.1*

Inside legs shall have monitors at head, tail, and knee pulley bearings that indicate high bearingtemperature or vibration detection.

7.5.1.10.2

Inside legs shall have monitors for head, tail, and knee pulley alignment and belt alignment.

7.5.1.10.3

Abnormal conditions shall actuate a visual or an audible and visual alarm requiring corrective action.

7.5.1.10.4

The requirements of 7.5.1.10.1 and 7.5.1.10.2 shall not apply to elevators with capacities less than

106 m 3 /hr (3750 ft 3 /hr).







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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

Committee modified section to remove the exemption language to meet MOS requirements. Theexemption for low belt speeds was removed. Section 7.4.1.5 has been modified to require a speedsensor versus a motion sensor. An alarm requirement was added.

The annex material for 7.4.1.10 should be renumbered and attached to 7.4.1.10.4 to be moreappropriately placed. See attached word file for changes to this section.

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A. 7.4.1.10.1.4

This requirement is also desirable for outside legs.

The exemption for 106 m3/hr (3750 ft3/hr) represents a processing

rate of 3000 bushels/hr. This exemption is based on

reports that low belt speeds with large buckets substantially

reduce dust concentrations.

QUERIES

A.7.4.10.1.4 – “This requirement” refers to the requirement in 7.4.10.1.4, or 7.4.10.1 and

7.4.1.10.2? Per SL, Annex A item refers to 7.4.1.10.1.


7.5.2 Legs Handling Bulk Raw Grain.

7.5.2.1*

Legs handling bulk raw grain shall be installed either as an outside leg or as an inside leg with compliancewith one of the following cases:

(1) Legs are located within 3 m (10 ft) of an exterior wall and are vented as outlined in7.5.2.2 7.5.2.27.4.2.2 to the outside of the building and designed so that the explosion pressures willnot rupture the ductwork or the leg. Explosion relief panels shall be provided on the leg housing sothe ducts will not be a collection point for dust during normal operations.

(2) Legs are vented in accordance with NFPA 68, Standard on Explosion Protection by DeflagrationVenting .

(3) Legs are provided with explosion suppression in accordance with NFPA 69, Standard on ExplosionPrevention Systems .

(4)

7.5.2.2*

* Legs that have capacities less than 106 m3/hr (3750 ft3/hr).


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All newly installed outside legs shall be provided with explosion relief panels located at intervals nogreater than 6 m (20 ft) along the casings as shown in Figure 7.5.2.2(a) Figure 7.5.2.2(a)Figure 7.4.2.2(a)and Figure 7.5.2.2(b) Figure 7.5.2.2(b)Figure 7.4.2.2(b) . To minimize personnel exposure, explosionventing for outside legs shall start between 2.5 m to 3.5 m (8 ft to 12 ft) above grade, or the bottom of theexplosion vent shall be within 0.3 m to 1 m (1 ft to 4 ft) after the leg penetrates the building roof. Headsection explosion venting shall be located in the top surface of the head or on the sides using a method todeflect the explosion upward.

Figure 7.5.2.2(a) Typical Elevator Explosion Venting for a Single Casing Leg.

Figure 7.5.2.2(b) Typical Elevator Explosion Venting for a Double Casing Leg.

Exception No. 1: Legs that have capacities less than 106 m 3 /hr (3750 ft 3 /hr).


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Exception No. 2: Those portions of outside legs, as defined in this standard, below grade or passingthrough ground-level buildings.

7.5.2.2.1

To minimize personnel exposure, explosion venting for outside legs shall start between 2.5 m to 3.5 m(8 ft to 12 ft) above grade, or the bottom of the explosion vent shall be within 0.3 m to 1 m (1 ft to 4 ft)after the leg penetrates the building roof.

7.5.2.2.2

Head section explosion venting shall be located in the top surface of the head or on the sides using amethod to deflect the explosion upward.

7.5.2.2.3

Venting shall not be required on portions of outside legs located below grade or passing throughground-level buildings.

7.5.2.2.4

Each side vent shall have a minimum area equivalent to two-thirds of the cross-sectional area of the legcasing.

7.5.2.2.5

A single face vent shall be permitted to replace a pair of opposing side vents in those portions of a double-casing leg where either of the following situations exists:

(1) Side venting could expose personnel on access ladders or platforms.

(2) Structural interferences are present that would interfere with vent operation.

7.5.2.2.6

Single face vents shall be equal to the area of two side vents [4/3 of the cross-sectional area of the legcasing as indicated in Figure 7.5.2.2(b) Figure 7.5.2.2(b)Figure 7.4.2.2(b) ].

7.5.2.2.7

The head section of bucket elevators shall be provided with explosion vents in the top surface or on the

sides using a method to deflect the explosion upward. The vent area shall be a minimum of 0.14 m2 (5

ft2) of vent area per 2.9 m3 (100 ft3) of head section volume. The largest vent area as practicable shall beused in the head section to help minimize the development of explosive pressure. Vents shall deploywhen an internal pressure of 3.5 kPa to 6.9 kPa (0.5 psi to 1.0 psi) occurs.

7.5.2.2.8

Explosion relief panels shall be provided on the leg housing so the ducts will not be a collection point fordust during normal operations.




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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

Reordered the section to improve clarity. Relocated the last sentance in the existing section7.4.2.1(1) to its own subsection as it applies to all cases discussed. Removed exception 1 in theexisting section 7.4.2.2 as it is redundant based on the guidnace provided in section 7.4.2.1(4).Relocated exception 2 in the existing section 7.4.2.2 to its own subsection to confirm with the NPFAManual of Style.

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7.5.3 Legs Handling Materials Other Than Bulk Raw Grain That Present an Explosion Hazard.

7.5.3.1

Explosion venting of legs into buildings shall not be permitted unless a flame-arresting and particulateretention vent system in accordance with NFPA 68 is used .

7.5.3.2*

Newly installed outside legs shall be equipped with explosion venting in accordance with7.5.2.2 7.5.2.27.4.2.2 .

Exception: Those portions of outside legs, as defined in this standard, below grade or passing throughground-level buildings.

7.5.3.2.1

The requirement in 7.5.3.2 shall not apply to those portions of outside legs, as defined in this standard,below grade or passing through ground-level buildings.

7.5.3.3

Legs or portions of legs that are located inside shall have the maximum practicable explosion relief areathrough the roof directly to the outside, a flame-arresting and particulate retention vent system inaccordance with NFPA 68 , or explosion suppression in accordance with NFPA 69 .

Exception: Legs that have capacities less than 106 m 3 /hr (3750 ft 3 /hr).

7.5.3.3.1

The requirement in 7.5.3.3 shall not apply to legs that have capacities less than 106 m 3 /hr (3750

ft 3 /hr).




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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

Removes exemption language per MOS requirements. The committee has added language thatallows for explosion venting into buildings if a flame-arresting and particulate retention vent systemper NFPA 68 is used. In 7.4.3.3, the explosion relief area does not need to vent through the roof.Legs located inside are allowed to have a flame-arresting and particulate retention vent system inaccordance with NFPA 68, or a explosion suppression system in accordance with NFPA 69 in lieu ofexplosion relief to the outside.

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7.6* Processing Machinery and Equipment.

7.6.1* General.

7.6.1.1

Receiving systems prior to the leg shall be equipped with one or more devices such as grating, wire meshscreens, permanent magnets, listed electromagnets, pneumatic separators, or specific gravity separators,to minimize or eliminate tramp material from the product stream.

Exception: Barge and ship receiving systems using legs as the primary reclaiming systems shall beallowed to have the tramp material protection after the unloading leg but prior to being handled inanother leg or processing equipment.

7.6.1.1.1

Barge and ship receiving systems using legs as the primary reclaiming systems shall be allowed to havethe tramp material protection after the unloading leg but prior to being handled in another leg orprocessing equipment.

7.6.1.2*

Where tributary spouts or conveyors feed whole grain or grain products for size reduction into grinders,pulverizers, or rolling mills, they shall be equipped with properly installed permanent magnets or listedelectromagnets, pneumatic separators, specific gravity separators, scalpers, or screens to exclude metalor foreign matter of a size larger than the grain being processed as far as is practicable.

7.6.1.3*

Equipment shall be bonded and grounded to dissipate static electricity.

7.6.1.4

All processing machinery and components, such as magnets, shall be mounted to facilitate access forcleaning.

Exception: Where processing machinery is mounted on a tight-fitting base that prevents material fromreaching inaccessible places beneath the machine.

7.6.1.4.1

The requirement in 7.6.1.4 shall not apply where processing machinery is mounted on a tight-fittingbase that prevents material from reaching inaccessible places beneath the machine.

7.6.1.5

Screw, drag, or en-masse conveyors shall be fully enclosed in metal housings and shall be designed toeither relieve or stop if the discharge end becomes plugged.

7.6.2 Starch Processing Machinery and Equipment.

7.6.2.1

Carbon steel shall be avoided in the grinding chambers and moving parts of grinding mills in favor ofbrass, bronze, stainless steel, and other metals with lower sparking potential.

7.6.2.2

The reels or sieves of screens, scalpers, and similar devices shall be in dusttight enclosures.

7.6.2.3

Connecting ducts shall be one of the following: metal.

(1) Metal

(2) Electrically conductive nonmetallic flexible connecting ducts having an electrical resistance notgreater than 1 megohm

Exception No. 1: Electrically conductive nonmetallic flexible connecting ducts having an electricalresistance not greater than 1 megohm.

Exception No. 2: Plastic tubing used for sample delivery systems.

7.6.2.3.1

The requirement in 7.6.2.3 shall not apply to plastic tubing used for sample delivery systems.


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7.6.2.4

Where more than one material source is connected to a common conveyor, air-material separator, orsimilar device, each source that is connected shall be equipped with a method to prevent propagation of adeflagration in accordance with NFPA 69, Standard on Explosion Prevention Systems .

7.6.2.5

Dry milling or grinding of starch shall be performed in a separate building with explosion relief or in aseparate room isolated from other areas by interior walls designed according to 4.2.2 4.2.24.1.2 .

Exception No. 1: This requirement shall not apply if the equipment can be designed to be protected inaccordance with NFPA 69 , Standard on Explosion Prevention Systems , by deflagration containment,by explosion suppression, or by inerting the volume to reduce oxygen such that combustion is notsupported.

Exception No. 2: This requirement shall not apply if mills are provided with explosion venting to a safeoutside location. If explosion vent ducts longer than 3 m (10 ft) are to be used, the milling equipmentand explosion vent duct shall be designed to withstand the increased vented explosion pressure.

7.6.2.5.1

The requirement in 7.6.2.5 shall not apply if the equipment can be designed to be protected inaccordance with NFPA 69 by deflagration containment, by explosion suppression, or by inerting thevolume to reduce oxygen such that combustion is not supported.

7.6.2.5.2

The requirement in 7.6.2.5 shall not apply if mills are provided with explosion venting to a safe outsidelocation. If explosion vent ducts longer than 3 m (10 ft) are to be used, the milling equipment andexplosion vent duct shall be designed to withstand the increased vented explosion pressure.







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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

Relocated exceptions to subsections to conform with the NFPA Manual of Style

See attached file for changes to annex material. The material in PI-5 was added as annexmaterial for 7.5

Response Message:

Public Input No. 5-NFPA 61-2013 [Section No. 7.5]

Public Input No. 60-NFPA 61-2014 [Section No. 7.5]


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A.7.5

For any other process equipment not indicated, (blenders, screens, etc.), refer tosee NFPA 654. (eg.

blenders, screens etc.)"

(new annex material)

A 7.5.1

Openings of 64 mm × 64 mm (2 1⁄2 in. × 2 1⁄2 in.) should be used on grating for receiving pits, to limit

entry of foreign objects. Larger openings could be needed to accommodate some materials, such as

whole corncobs and hay cubes.

(relocated from 7.5


8.2.4

Where an explosion hazard exists, protection shall be in accordance with Section 6.4 .




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Submittal Date: Fri Aug 29 15:26:00 MDT 2014

Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

Response to PI-64. This requirement has been moved to the general section of theChapter.

Response Message:


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8.3.5.1

Operating controls shall be designed, constructed, and installed so that required conditions of safety forsafe operation of the air heater, the dryer, and the ventilation equipment are maintained.




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Committee Statement: Editorial change to improve clarity.

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9.2.1

Heat transfer devices utilizing air, steam, or vapors of heat transfer fluids shall be provided with pressure-relief valves where necessary. Relief valves on systems employing combustible heat transfer media shallbe vented to a safe outside location.

9.2.1.1

Relief valves on systems employing combustible heat transfer media shall be vented to a safe outsidelocation.




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Committee Statement: Separated the two requirements to improve clarity.

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9.2.2

Heaters and pumps for combustible heat transfer fluids shall be located in a separate, dustfree dust freeroom or building of noncombustible construction. and shall be protected by automatic sprinklers designedin accordance with NFPA 13 , Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems , to control a fireinvolving the combustible heat transfer fluid. Air for combustion shall be taken from a clean outsidesource.

9.2.2.1

Buildings or rooms that contain heaters and pumps for combustible heat transfer fluids shall beprotected by automatic sprinklers designed in accordance with NFPA 13 to control a fire involving thecombustible heat transfer fluid.

9.2.2.2

Air for combustion shall be taken from a clean outside source.

9.2.2.3*

Buildings or rooms that contain heat transfer equipment and boilers that use combustible heat transferfluids shall be located in separate areas such that they do not communicate directly with areas thatcontain a dust explosion hazard.

9.2.2.4

Where combustible heat transfer fluids are used, doorways shall be curbed or ramped and floor drainsshall be provided to direct spills of the heat transfer fluid to a safe location. Automatic sprinkler protectiondesigned to control these fluid fires shall be provided in areas containing equipment that uses these fluidsand in areas containing storage tanks for these fluids.

9.2.2.4.1

Automatic sprinkler protection designed to control these fluid fires shall be provided in areas containingequipment that uses these fluids and in areas containing storage tanks for these fluids.




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Committee Statement: Separated criteria to help improve clarity.

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10.3 Removal of Layered Agricultural Dust.

10.3.1*

Dust on floors, structural members, and other surfaces shall be removed concurrently with operations.

10.3.1.1*

The facility shall develop and implement a written housekeeping program that establishes the frequencyand method(s) determined best to reduce accumulations of fugitive agricultural dust on ledges, floors,equipment, and other inside exposed surfaces. Unless a greater threshold for housekeeping dustaccumulation is prescribed in writing and justified by a documented risk assessment, the thresholdhousekeeping dust accumulation limit shall be 3.2 mm ( 1 ⁄8 in.) over 5 percent of the footprint area.

10.3.1.2*

Provisions for unscheduled housekeeping shall include specific requirements establishing time to cleanlocal dust spills or transient releases. [ 652: 8.4.6.3]

10.3.2

The use of compressed air or other means that cause dust to be suspended in air during removal fromledges, walls, and other surfaces shall be permitted only after all machinery in the area has been shutdown and all sources of ignition controlled.

Exception: Areas in processing facilities shall be permitted to be cleaned with compressed air, providedthat both of the following conditions are met:

Airborne material will not envelop adjacent operating equipment.

Prior to blowdown, areas and adjacent equipment are checked to ensure that no ignition sourcesare present.

10.3.2.1

Areas in processing facilities shall be permitted to be cleaned with compressed air, provided that both ofthe following conditions are met:

(1) Airborne material will not envelop adjacent operating equipment.

(2) Prior to blowdown, areas and adjacent equipment are checked to ensure that no ignition sourcesare present.

10.3.3*

Portable electric vacuum cleaners, if used, shall be listed for use in Class II, Group G, Division 1atmospheres as defined in NFPA 70, National Electrical Code .

10.3.4

Vacuum systems shall be grounded and bonded. Vacuum system hoses and couplings shall be staticdissipative or conductive and grounded.



Annex_Material_for_FR_46.1409665402818.docx




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Submittal Date: Thu Aug 28 05:40:49 MDT 2014

Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

This first revision incorporates US Sugar Beet's amendment no. 6, establishing an industry specificthreshold dust accumulation limit of 1/8 inch. This criteria reflects the historical experience of theagricultural sector.

This first revision also adds material from 652 regarding cleaning of dust spills or transient releases.It also incorporates PI- 68, which eliminates the exemption language. Annex material has beenmodified to reflect information from 652 and to clarify that a written housekeeping program can bepart on another program or a stand-alone document.

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A.10.2.1 A relatively small initial dust deflagration can disturb and suspend in air dust that has been allowed to accumulate on the horizontal and vertical surfaces of a building or equipment. This dust cloud provides fuel for the secondary deflagration, which can cause damage. The reduction of significant additional dust accumulations is, therefore, a major factor in reducing the hazard in areas where a dust hazard can exist. For further information, see NFPA 654, Standard for the Prevention of Fire and Dust Explosions from the Manufacturing, Processing, and Handling of Combustible Particulate Solids . Note that grain and agricultural dusts have a much lower bulk density than the 1201 kg/m3 (75 lb/ft3) used as an example. A. 10.2.1.1 The housekeeping program should address fugitive agricultural dust accumulations at priority housekeeping areas. Priority housekeeping areas should include at least the following:

1. Floor areas within 10.7 m (35 ft) of inside bucket elevators 2. Floors of enclosed areas containing grinding equipment 3. Floors of enclosed areas containing equipment used to heat, toast, or dry located inside

the facility

The facility should immediately remove any fugitive agricultural dust accumulations whenever they exceed 3.2 mm ( 1⁄8 in.) at priority housekeeping areas, pursuant to the housekeeping program, or should demonstrate and ensure, through the development and implementation of the housekeeping program, that equivalent protection is provided. This provision states an industry- or commodity-specific threshold housekeeping dust accumulation limit within the meaning of 8.4.6.2 of NFPA 652. The housekeeping program maycan be a stand-alone document or be- included as part of another document. A. 10.2.1.2 One example of a transient release of dust is a temporary loss of containment due to a failure

of a seal in process equipment or conveying systems. Table A.10.2.1.2 provides an example of

an unscheduled housekeeping procedure to limit the time that a local spill or transient releases

of dust are allowed to remain before cleaning the local area to less than the threshold

housekeeping dust accumulation. The “level accumulation” of combustible dust should be

established in the housekeeping program based on the risk of flash fires and secondary

explosions from the processdust hazard analysis. Grain and product spills should not be

Formatted: Font: (Default) Arial






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considered dust accumulation. However, the housekeeping plan should address the removal of

spills from inside areas of the facility. [652: A.8.4.6.3]

Table A.10.2.1.2 Unscheduled Housekeeping

Level

Accumulation

Longest Time to Complete Unscheduled

Local Cleaning of Floor-Accessible

Surfaces (hours)

Longest Time to Complete

Unscheduled Local Cleaning of

Remote Surfaces (hours)

1 8 24

2 4 12

3 1 3

[652: Table A.8.4.6.3}

______________________________________________________________________________

QUERIES

A.10.2.1.2 – Per MOS, extracts must match source document. Either accept edits to match

A.8.4.6.3 in 652, or extract citation must be removed. OK per SL.










10.5.3* Location.

Dust collectors shall be located outside of buildings and shall be protected in accordance with Section6.4.

Exception No. 1: Dust collectors shall be permitted inside of buildings if deflagration venting is providedin accordance with the requirements of NFPA 68 .

Exception No. 2: Dust collectors shall be permitted to be located inside of buildings if equipped with anexplosion suppression system designed according to NFPA 69 , Standard on Explosion PreventionSystems .

Exception No. 3: Centrifugal separators, without bags, used for removing moisture from coolers thathandle pelleted, extruded, or flaked grain and feed products shall be permitted inside or outside ofbuildings without explosion protection.

Exception No. 4: Bin vent dust collectors directly mounted without a hopper on a tank or bin, whoseprimary function is to filter air displaced during filling or blending operations and return dust directly tothe bin, shall be permitted inside or outside of buildings without explosion protection. Filters that returnair to inside of buildings shall be capable of a minimum efficiency of 0.02 g per dry standard cubic meterof airflow (0.008 grains per dry standard cubic feet of airflow).

Exception No. 5: Filters used for classifying food products with air (product purifiers) shall be permittedto be located inside or outside of buildings without explosion protection.

10.5.3.1

Dust collectors shall be permitted inside of buildings if any of the following apply:

(1) Deflagration venting is provided in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 68

(2) Dust collectors are equipped with an explosion suppression system designed according to NFPA69

10.5.3.2

If the dust collector is a centrifugal separator without bags, used for removing moisture from coolers thathandle pelleted, extruded, or flaked grain and feed products, it shall be permitted inside or outside ofbuildings without explosion protection.

10.5.3.3

Bin vent dust collectors directly mounted without a hopper on a tank or bin, whose primary function is tofilter air displaced during filling or blending operations and return dust directly to the bin, shall bepermitted inside or outside of buildings without explosion protection. Filters that return air to inside ofbuildings shall be capable of a minimum efficiency of 0.02 g per dry standard cubic meter of airflow(0.008 grains per dry standard cubic feet of airflow).

10.5.3.4

Filters used for classifying food products with air (product purifiers) shall be permitted to be locatedinside or outside of buildings without explosion protection.




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CommitteeStatement:

Exceptions to 10.4.3 have been moved to subsection 10.4.3.X to conform with the NFPAManual of Style.

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10.5.4 Construction.

All components of the dust collection system shall be constructed of noncombustible materials.

Exception: Filter bags, filter media, liners, drive belts, wear parts, and flexible connector ducts.

10.5.4.1

The requirement in 10.5.4 does not apply to filter bags, filter media, liners, drive belts, wear parts, andflexible connector ducts.




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Exception to 10.4.4 was moved to subsection 10.4.4.1 to conform with the NFPA Manualof Style.

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10.5.5 Manifolding.

Dust collection systems for one or more hammermills or pulverizer mills shall not be manifolded with othertypes of machinery.

Exception: Conveyors, sifters, and hammermills used for the sizing of oilseed meals and hulls shall bepermitted to have a common dust collection system.

10.5.5.1

Conveyors, sifters, and hammermills used for the sizing of oilseed meals and hulls shall be permitted tohave a common dust collection system.




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CommitteeStatement:

Exception to 10.4.5 was moved to subsection 10.4.5.1 to conform with the NFPA Manualof Style.

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10.5.11

If provided, floor sweeps shall be on a separate, dedicated vacuum or dust collection system, provided thefan is located downstream of the filter.




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Committee Statement: Delete annex material. Refers to 654 and is not informational.

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51 of 64 10/24/2014 1:12 PM


10.7.8*

The hose length and diameter shall be sized for the application and operation. [ 652: 8.3.3.4.2]

10.7.9*

Where ignition-sensitive materials are collected, vacuum tools shall be constructed of metal or staticdissipative materials and provide proper grounding to the hose. [ 652: 8.3.3.4.3]







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CommitteeStatement:

Suggested new language based on NFPA 652 - 2015 Edition section 8.3.3.4.2 and 8.3.3.4.3.Adds additional requirements for centralized vacuum systems.

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A.10.6.8

It is recommended that 38.1 mm (1.5 in.) and/or 50.8 mm (2.0 in.) I.D. hoses be used for

housekeeping purposes. It is also recommended that 7.6 m (25 ft) maximum hose length be used.

In most systems, the pressure losses (i.e., the energy losses) through the hose represent more than

50 percent of the overall system differential pressure requirements. Shorter hose lengths can be

used to improve system performance. I.D. hoses Hoses of 38.1 mm (1.5 in.) I.D. are most

commonly used for cleaning around equipment and for lighter duty requirements, while 50.8 mm

(2 in.) I.D. hoses are used for larger dust accumulations and for cleaning large open areas. [652:

A.8.3.3.4.2]

A.10.6.9

Ignition-sensitive materials typically have an MIE of 30 mJ or less. [652:A.8.3.3.4.3]

QUERIES

A.10.6.8 – Edits made to match A.8.3.3.4.2 in 652. Either accept or extract citation must be

removed.

A.10.6.8 – Per MOS 2.6.1(3), extracts can be edited to fit the style of the document containing

the extract. Do you prefer to have SI units as primary? If so, please provide correct conversions. OK per

SL.



Commented [BS1]: This fine. Thank you.


11.6.1*

All transport modes such as railcars (hopper cars, boxcars, or tank cars) and trucks (both receiving andshipping in bulk), into which or from which commodities or products are pneumatically conveyed, shall beelectrically bonded to the plant ground system or earth grounded.

Exception: Materials of processes involving inert materials, such as limestone at feed mills.

11.6.1.1

The requirement in 11.6.1 shall not apply to materials of processes involving inert materials, such aslimestone at feed mills.




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Exception to 11.5.1 was moved to subsection 11.5.1.1 to conform with the NFPA Manual ofStyle.

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53 of 64 10/24/2014 1:12 PM


12.5.3*

Wet or dry standpipes shall be installed in warehouses and packing areas with combustible contents.

Exception: Bulk storage warehouses or warehouses used for other than agricultural or food productstorage.

12.5.3.1

The requirement in 12.5.3 shall not apply to bulk storage warehouses.




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CommitteeStatement:

Removes the exception language per MOS requirements. The provision was clarify to exemptbulk warehouses from the requirement.

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54 of 64 10/24/2014 1:12 PM


13.2.2*

Electrical wiring and equipment in areas meeting the definition of Class II, Group G, Division 1 or 2according to Article 500 of NFPA 70, National Electrical Code , shall comply with Article 502 of thatcode NFPA 70 .

Exception No. 1: Electrical equipment that has been listed and installed as intrinsically safe accordingto Article 504 of NFPA 70 .

Exception No. 2: Electrical equipment that is housed in an enclosure that meets the applicablerequirements of NFPA 496 , Standard for Purged and Pressurized Enclosures for Electrical Equipment.

13.2.2.1

The requirement in 13.2.2 shall not apply to electrical equipment that has been listed and installed asintrinsically safe according to Article 504 of NFPA 70

13.2.2.2

The requirement in 13.2.2 shall not apply to electrical equipment that is housed in an enclosure thatmeets the applicable requirements of NFPA 496 .




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CommitteeStatement:

Exceptions to 13.2.2 moved to separate subsections to conform with the NFPA Manual ofStyle.

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55 of 64 10/24/2014 1:12 PM


13.5.2*

Engine- and motor-driven equipment shall meet the requirements of NFPA 505, Fire Safety Standard forPowered Industrial Trucks Including Type Designations, Areas of Use, Conversions, Maintenance, andOperations .

Exception: Front-end loaders or similar equipment used in flat storage areas or marine vessels tohandle grain, meal, hulls, or other agricultural commodities.

13.5.2.1

Front-end loaders or similar equipment used in flat storage areas or marine vessels to handle grain,meal, hulls, or other agricultural commodities are not required to meet the requirements of NFPA 505 .







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CommitteeStatement:

Eliminates exception language per MOS. Adds annex material from 654 as explanatorymaterial for requirement.

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56 of 64 10/24/2014 1:12 PM

A.13.5.2 Diesel-powered front-end loaders suitable for use in hazardous locations have not been commercially available. The following provisions can be used to reduce the fire hazard from diesel-powered front-end loaders used in Class II hazardous areas as defined in Article 500 of NFPA 70. [654: A.9.8.2]

(1) Only essential electrical equipment should be used, and wiring should be in metal conduit. Air-operated starting is preferred, but batteries are permitted to be used if they are mounted in enclosures rated for Type EX hazardous areas. [654: A.9.8.2 (1)]

(2) Where practical, a water-cooled manifold and muffler should be used. [654: A.9.8.2

(2)] (3) Loaders that are certified to meet the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) criteria (formerly Schedule 31) found in 30 CFR 36, “Approved Requirements for Permissible Mobile Diesel-Powered Transportation Equipment,” are also acceptable in lieu of A.13.5.2 (1) and A.13.5.2(2). [654: A.9.8.2 (3)]

(4) The engine and hydraulic oil compartments should be protected with fixed, automatic dry-chemical extinguishing systems. ). [654: A.9.8.2 (4)]

(5) Loaders should have a high degree of maintenance and cleaning. Frequent cleaning (daily in some cases) of the engine compartment with compressed air could be necessary. Periodic steam cleaning also should be done. ). [654: A.9.8.2 (5)]

(6) Loaders should never be parked or left unattended in the dust explosion hazard or dust fire hazard area. ). [654: A.9.8.2 (6)]









13.5.3

Spark arresters shall be used on the exhaust stacks of all diesel-powered units.

Exception No. 1: Engines equipped with turbo-chargers.

Exception No. 2: Road vehicles, such as grain delivery vehicles, locomotives, and other vehicles thatdo not operate in combustible dust-producing areas.

13.5.3.1

The requirement in 13.5.3 shall not apply to engines equipped with turbo-chargers.

13.5.3.2

The requirement in 13.5.3 shall not apply to road vehicles, such as grain delivery vehicles,locomotives, and other vehicles that do not operate in combustible dust-producing areas.




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CommitteeStatement:

Exceptions to 13.5.3 have been moved to separate subsections to conform with the NFPAManual of Style.

Response Message:



57 of 64 10/24/2014 1:12 PM

First Revision No. 50-NFPA 61-2014 [ New Section after 13.11 ]

13.12 Management Practices.


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13.12.1 Determination of Hazards of Agricultural Dust .

The requirements of 13.12.1.1 through 13.12.1.3 shall be permitted to be used instead of those inSection 4.2 and in Chapter 5 of NFPA 652 .

13.12.1.1

It shall be permitted to assume that an agricultural dust or mixture is explosible and combustible and toassume worst-case characteristics as a basis for actions, such as design or housekeeping, and as abasis upon which to meet requirements under this standard, such as an agricultural dust hazardsurvey.

13.12.1.2

The user shall be permitted to rely upon existing historical facility data and published data for explosiveproperties of dust to evaluate dust hazards.

13.12.1.3*

Test results, historical data, and published data shall be documented and, when requested, provided tothe authority having jurisdiction (AHJ). [ 652: 5.2.2]

13.12.2 Agricultural Dust Hazard Survey.

The requirements of 13.12.2.1 through 13.12.2.4 shall be permitted to be used instead of those inChapter 7 of NFPA 652 .

13.12.2.1 Scope.

The requirements in 13.12.2.2 through 13.12.2.4 apply to facilities that have agricultural or fooddust.

13.12.2.2*

The owner/operator shall, within 5 years of the effective date of this standard, determine whether thefacility is in compliance and, if not, how the facility will be brought into compliance with this standard,and shall include a list of compliance steps.

13.12.2.3*

The survey shall include consideration of the following:

(1) Which persons, if any, are required to wear flame-resistant garments. It shall be permitted toconsult NFPA 2113 in such consideration. The requirements of 13.12.2.3(1) shall be permittedto be used instead of those of 8.6.1.1 of NFPA 652 .

(2) Whether separation shall be permitted to be used to limit the dust explosion or deflagrationhazard area within a building and whether detachment shall be permitted to limit the dustexplosion hazard or deflagration hazard area to a building physically separated from adjacent orsurrounding exposures. The requirements of 13.12.2.3(2) shall be permitted to be usedinstead of those of 8.2.5.3 and 8.2.5.4 of NFPA 652 .

13.12.2.4

Further changes to facilities, equipment, and dusts shall be made in accordance with the managementof change provision in 13.12.3 .

13.12.3 Management of Change.

The requirements of 13.12.3.1 through 13.12.3.2.1 shall be permitted to be used instead of those ofSection 9.9 of NFPA 652 .

13.12.3.1 Scope.

The requirements in 13.12.3.1 through 13.12.3.2.1 shall apply to facilities that have agricultural dustor food dust.

13.12.3.2

After 3 months of the effective date of this standard, the owner/operator shall require that a personknowledgeable in the fire and deflagration hazards of agricultural dust be informed of changes (otherthan replacements in kind) to facilities, equipment, or processed materials before implementation of thechange, if feasible, or if not, immediately after implementation.

13.12.3.2.1

The knowledgeable person shall consider whether or not the change would comply with NFPA 61 . Ifthe change does not comply, then a method of compliance shall be determined.



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Street Address:

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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

This first revision incorporates the material presented by US Beet Sugar in amendments 9, 10, and11 of their August 8, 2014 correspondence to the Committee. The FR proposes an alternative for theagricultural industry to the requirements in NFPA 652 for dust hazard analysis and management ofchange. Paragraph 13.2.1 provides an alternative for users in the agricultural sector, i.e. it allows thatsector to assume that their dusts are combustible and explosible. It allows the owner/operator to usetest results, historical data, and published data to determine the properties of the dust.

Section 13.12.2 requires that the management of a facility conduct an agricultural dust hazard surveyto determine compliance with NFPA 61. It outlines the requirements and the time frame forconducting this survey. This is meant to be an industry-specific requirement, to be used instead ofthe dust hazard analysis in NFPA 652. The detailed requirements for a dust hazard analysis, asoutlined in NFPA 652, are not warranted in the agricultural sector, where the hazards of the dust arewell known.

This first revision also establishes alternative provisions for a management of change system thatare more appropriate to the agricultural industry versus the more complex requirements in NFPA652. It does not include written procedures for management of change, or the level of documentationthat are required by NFPA 652.

ResponseMessage:


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A.13.12.1.3 See A.6.2.1 for additional information. A 13.12.2.2 This requirement does not trigger a retroactive requirement that would not normally apply to the facility. A.13.12.2.3 This survey may can be conducted through the use of a checklist or other

suitable methods.

First Revision No. 38-NFPA 61-2014 [ Section No. A.10.4.12.1 ]

A.10.5.12.1

For bin vents, see 10.5.3.3 10.5.3.310.5.3.310.5.3.310.4.3.310.4.3 , Exception No. 4 . Return air ductsshould have a method to prevent excessive dust from returning to the plant in the case of filter failure.Methods include, but are not limited to, use of a diverter valve that exhausts return air outside, or a seriesof secondary filters in the return air line designed to collect the material if part of the filter medium fails.




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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

If the suggested changes in PI69 are accepted then the reference to exception 4 needs tobe removed.

Response Message:

Public Input No. 74-NFPA 61-2014 [Section No. A.10.4.12.1]


61 of 64 10/24/2014 1:12 PM

First Revision No. 45-NFPA 61-2014 [ Section No. F.1.2.2 ]

F.1.2.2 ASTM Publications.

ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.

ASTM E 1226 E1226 , Standard Test Method for Explosibility of Dust Clouds, 2010 2012a .




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Committee Statement

Committee Statement: Update the year date for standard(s)

Response Message:

Public Input No. 79-NFPA 61-2014 [Section No. F.1.2.2]


62 of 64 10/24/2014 1:12 PM

First Revision No. 59-NFPA 61-2014 [ Section No. F.1.2.4 ]

F.1.2.4 UL Publications.

Underwriters Laboratories Inc., 333 Pfingsten Road, Northbrook, IL 60062-2096.

ANSI/UL 558, Standard for Internal Combustion Engine-Powered Industrial Trucks, 1996, revised2010 2014 .

ANSI/UL 583, Standard for Electric-Battery-Powered Industrial Trucks, 1996, revised 2010 2014 .




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Committee Statement: Update of edition dates for references.

Response Message:


63 of 64 10/24/2014 1:12 PM

First Revision No. 60-NFPA 61-2014 [ Section No. F.3 ]

F.3 References for Extracts in Informational Sections.

NFPA 91, Standard for Exhaust Systems for Air Conveying of Vapors, Gases, Mists, and NoncombustibleParticulate Solids, 2010 2015 edition.

NFPA 652, Standard on the Fundamentals of Combustible Dusts , 2016 edition.

NFPA 654, Standard for the Prevention of Fire and Dust Explosions from the Manufacturing, Processing,and Handling of Combustible Particulate Solids, 2013 2017 edition.




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Committee Statement

Committee Statement: Updates of edition dates for extracts.

Response Message:


64 of 64 10/24/2014 1:12 PM

Submitter Information Verification - National Fire Protection ......safety to life and property from fire, flash fire, and explosion posed by agricultural and food processing combustible

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