SUBJECT INDEX 843 A A protein, see also 40% fragment, genetic mapping, maturation protein gene (cistron) locus, 683 initiator fragment, 627 initiator site, 626, 627 partial sequence for, 627 production in cell-free system, independent translation, 659 ASase, synthesis and translation, 729,730 A site, 358 peptidyl transferase specificity, 362 Acceptor protein, 530, 531, 781 Acceptor site, 115, 167, 179 and anticodon checking, 195 binding at, 325, 329 distortion by streptomycin, 115 Ac-phe-puromycin formation effect of sparsomycin on, 401 Ac-phe-phe-tRNA, 458 Actinomycin D inhibits post fertilization RNA synthesis, 720 inhibits RNA synthesis, 757 Activation steps, 808 Acyl-aminocyl-tRNA hydrolase, 493ff properties of, 493-495 specificity of, 495, 497 Adenosine-diphosphase ribose (ADPR), see also Homopolymer -tranaferase II, 589, 595 inactive in peptide chain elon- gation, 589 units, 781 association with nuclear pro- tein, 782 Adenosine diphosphase ribosylation inactivates ribosome-dependent activity of aminoacyl transfe- rase II, 603 inhibits ribosome-dependent GT- Pase activity of aminoacyl- transferase II, 607 of aminoacyl transferase II subunit of toxin active in cata- lyzing toxln-dependent, 589, 603, 690,593 proposed mechanism for, 609 slow rate of, 596 specificity for NAD, 606 of nuclear proteins, 781 reaction occurs entirely at cell surface, 601 ADP-ribosyl linkage, 784 Adult cuticular protein, 787 production of, 789 requirement of tRNA and acti- vating enzyme for, 789 tyrosine rich, 787 Alkaline hydrolysis, 638, 640, 697 Alkaline phosphatase, 768 Alkaline phosphatase monomers,768 m-RNA directed synthesis of, 768 Amber codon (UAG), 513, 517 see also Coat gene, reading con- text, translation as natural chain termination, 518 results of translation of, 683 Amber mutants polarity of, 707 trpR, 733 Amber mutation effect on rate of synthesis of RNA polymerase, 659 identification of, 704 sus 3, 656 Amicetin effect on binding of phenylalanyl- oligonucleotide to ribosome, 406 inhibitor of fragment reaction in bacteria and yeast, 372 inhibitor of peptidyl transfer, 180 Amidation reaction, 521 mechanism of, 521-524, 527 Amido-transferase, 521 ATP dependent, 526, 527 function of, 527 Amino acid activating activity, 820 Amino acid activation in gramicidin S biosynthesis, 805 enzymes for, 860 utilization of ATP for, 805 Amino acid analogs, 743 Amino acid deprivation, 727-729 Amino acid polymerization factors early studies on, 438 G-factor, 377 binding to ribosomes, 382, 383 comparable to aminoacyl trans- ferase II in rat liver system, 382 effect of GTP on, 382 role in translation, 377 role as mediator in transloca- tion process, 383 isolation and crystallization of, 377-381 T factor stimulates binding of aminoacyl tRNA to ribosome, 377 Ts and Tu, 377 Amino acid sequence and gene prod- uct activity, 514, 517 Aminoacyl adenyIate, 807 Aminocyl binding, 189, 458 leading to peptidyl transfer, 458 Aminoacyl-checking, 189 Aminoaeyl-oligo-nucleotides, 395 Aminoacyl site, 347 Aminoacylsynthetase,154 Aminoacy] transfer from adenylates,508 reversible, 808 Aminoacyl tRNA (AA-tRNA) see also T factor, T~ factor, Tu factor an intermediate in protein syn- thesis, 531 binding to ribosomes, amount reacting with ribo- somes, 183ff, 350 effect of antibiotics on, 403 effect of T factor on, 169 enzymatic, 189, 347, 35I events in, 403 first site for, 168 GTP requirements for, 340 independence of aminoacyl end 404, 406, 408 interaction with 50S subparti- cIe, 198 kinetics of, 181 mechanism for binding & re- lease, 179 non-enzymatic, 184,194 site, 115 stimulated by soluble transfer factor and GTP, 421 T and G factors involved in, 416 to 30S ribosomal subunits, 170, 176, 198-200 Tu and T, required for ternary complex, 455 movement of, 240 Aminoacyl tRNA binding factor, 347 Aminoacyl tRNA binding to RPA complex, 439 role of factor $l & S:~ in 439-443 effect of GTP on, 440 Aminoacyl tRNA-protein transfer- ase, 529 and modification of proteins, 529 specificity of, 530 Aminoacyl tRNA-S:~-GTP complex fusidic acid see also, RPA complex, sparsomy- cin, tetracycline characteristics of, 442 cleavage of GTP component, 443- 445 designated Complex II, 440 intermediate in binding aminoa- cyl-tRNA to ribosomes, 440-442 reaction with RPA complex, 440 role in aminoacyl tRNA binding, 450 Aminoacyl-tRNA-T~-GTP complex active intermediate in messenger- dependent binding of aminoacyl tRNA 426 dependencies for formation of, 426 steps in formation, 427, 430 Aminoacyl transferase I, 347 AA-tRNA-ribosome binding, 493 not affected by diphtheria toxin, 589, 603 Aminoacyl-transferase II (T2), 347 see also Diphtheria toxin, GTP, GTPase activities inhibited by diphtheria toxin, 609 binding to ribosomes, 596-598, 601 different subunits of, 594 from rabbit reticulocytes, 595 functional correspondence with bacterial G factor, 593,598, 605, 607 GTP-dependent ejection from rib- osomes, 601 inactivation of 601,605, 607 number of molecules bound to rib- osome, 596 relation to protein synthesis, 601 release from nucleotides, 601 release from ribosomes, 599 relation to protein synthesis, 601 role in polypeptide chain elonga- tion, 589, 593, 607 specificity for inactivation of in- hibition of protein synthesis, 589, 595 transfer of ADP-ribose portion of NAD to, 605 Aminoacylation, enzymatic effect of tRNA structural modifi- cations on, 508 of tRNA Gly, 507 Anisomycin inhibitor of peptidyl transferase in 80 S ribosomal systems, 373 Anti-G inhibits polyphenylalanine syntheses, 413 Anti-T effect on binding, 413 effect on codon recognition, 414 inhibitor of in vitro protein syn- theses, 413 Antibiotic mutations, 117, 118 Antibiotic resistance markers, 85-88 Antibodies as specific inhibitors of the G and T factor requiring re- actions, 413 Antibiotics competition in binding sites, 362 effect on binding of tRNA to ribosomes, 375 effect on fragment reaction with human tonsil ribosomes, 373 with yeast ribosomes, 372 effect on peptidyl transferase, 362 effect on polypeptide bond forma- marion, 46, 51 effect on polysome metabolism, 231-236 effect on polysomes formed in vi- tro, 114 genes resistant to, 85 sequence of amino acids in, 812 Anticodon-checking demonstration of, 191 interference of AA-tRNAs in, 191 occurrence of, 195 Anticodon loop, 162 independent function of, 166 relation to 30S subparticle, 198 Anucleate merogones, 721 Arbacia punctulata, 717 Artifactual polypeptides, 656 Asparagine, 416, 675 ATPase from spinach chloroplast, 390 ATP-AMP exchange reaction, 818 82O ATP-PPi exchange reaction, 818, 824 Aurintricarboxylic acid, 406 effect on binding of phenylalanyl: oligonucleotide to ribosome, 406-408 Azide inhibition of mRNA degrada- tion, 726 B BA (trp) messenger, 725 B. brevis biosynthesis of gramicidin S, 805 mutant, 823 Bacillus stearothermophilus, 439, 665-670 amino acid polymerization factors from, 439 role in peptide chain elongation, 439-442 does not translate f2 coat protein gene 668, 670 Factor $1, S._,,$3, 439 specificity of, 668 Bacteriophage RNAs direct synthesis of only 3 proteins, 621 genome size, 621 identification of true initiator se- quences of, 621 Bacteriophage T4 in vitro protein synthesis, 793-798 shuts off host macromolecular synthesis, 793 Biosynthesis of cyclic deeapeptide gramieidin S, 805 Binding, 167 see also Aminoacyl tRNA, ehlor- tetracycline, glycl tRNA syn- thetase initiation factors, initiation protein and release of initiation factors from ribosomes, 281 kinetics of AA-tRNA, 181 of anticodon loop to ribosomes, 162 of 5 SRNA to ribosomal preeur- ors, 144-147 of radioactive drug to sensitive and resistant ribosomes, 96-98 of RNA, 287 on 30S, 164 Binding enzyme, 331 see transfer factor TFI Binding & release cycle, 282-284 Binding reaction and Protein A in- itiation sites yielded, 629 Binding sites, ribosomal, 162, 165, 167-176 see also tRNA for aminoacyl transferase II, 601 in 30S and 50S subunit, 198 substrate, 184-190 Binding to ribosomes, see aminoaeyl transferase II, Aminoacyl t-RNA messenger for, 651 of circular fd DNA, 651 of GTP, 391 requirements for, 651 Borohydride treatment, 808 Bottromycin effect on binding of phenylalanyl- oligonucleotide to ribosome, 406-408 C CFm, 801 see myosin required in binding of myosin in RNA to ribosomes, 802 Chain elongation, 168, 321 see also G factor, GTP, peptide chain elongation, polypeptide elonga- tion, translation, translocation action of streptomycin at, 234 and acceptor site, 168 early scheme of, 437 effects of various antibiotics on, 406-408 interaction occurring on ribosomes during, 358 intermediate steps in, 329,437,446 in vitro without chain initiation or termination, 437 model for, 347 Chain elongation factors, 321 Chain initiation see also Heine, rec- ognition, ribosomal subunits, sodium fluoride by RNA-dependent RNA poly- merase, 698 in mammalian cells, 313-315 inhibition by modified globin mole- cules, 577 rate of, 557 requirement for deacylated tRNA, 333
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SUBJECT INDEX 843
A A protein, see a lso 40% fragment ,
genetic mapping, maturat ion protein
gene (cistron) locus, 683 ini t iator f ragment , 627 init iator site, 626, 627
part ia l sequence for, 627 production in cell-free system,
independent translation, 659 ASase, synthesis and translation,
leading to peptidyl t ransfer , 458 Aminoacyl-checking, 189 Aminoaeyl-oligo-nucleotides, 395 Aminoacyl site, 347 Aminoacyl synthetase, 154 Aminoacy] transfer
from adenylates, 508 reversible, 808
Aminoacyl tRNA (AA-tRNA) see a lso T factor, T~ factor, Tu
factor an intermediate in protein syn-
thesis, 531 binding to ribosomes,
amount react ing with ribo- somes, 183ff, 350
effect of antibiotics on, 403 effect of T factor on, 169 enzymatic, 189, 347, 35I events in, 403 first site for, 168 GTP requirements for, 340 independence of aminoacyl end
404, 406, 408 interaction with 50S subparti-
cIe, 198 kinetics of, 181 mechanism for binding & re-
lease, 179 non-enzymatic, 184,194 site, 115 stimulated by soluble t ransfer
fac tor and GTP, 421 T and G factors involved in, 416 to 30S ribosomal subunits, 170,
176, 198-200 Tu and T, required for t e rna ry
complex, 455 movement of, 240
Aminoacyl tRNA binding factor, 347
Aminoacyl tRNA binding to RPA complex, 439
role of factor $l & S:~ in 439-443 effect of GTP on, 440
Aminoacyl tRNA-protein t ransfer- ase, 529
and modification of proteins, 529 specificity of, 530
Aminoacyl tRNA-S:~-GTP complex fusidic acid
see a l so , RPA complex, sparsomy- cin, tetracycline
characterist ics of, 442 cleavage of GTP component, 443-
445 designated Complex II, 440 intermediate in binding aminoa-
cyl-tRNA to ribosomes, 440-442 reaction with RPA complex, 440 role in aminoacyl tRNA binding,
450 Aminoacyl-tRNA-T~-GTP complex
active intermediate in messenger- dependent binding of aminoacyl tRNA 426
dependencies for formation of, 426
steps in formation, 427, 430 Aminoacyl t ransferase I, 347
AA-tRNA-ribosome binding, 493 not affected by diphtheria toxin,
589, 603
Aminoacyl- transferase II (T2), 347 s ee a l so Diphtheria toxin, GTP,
GTPase activities inhibited by diphtheria
toxin, 609 binding to ribosomes, 596-598, 601 different subunits of, 594 from rabbit reticulocytes, 595 functional correspondence with
bacterial G factor, 593,598, 605, 607
GTP-dependent ejection from rib- osomes, 601
inactivation of 601,605, 607 number of molecules bound to rib-
osome, 596 relation to protein synthesis, 601 release from nucleotides, 601 release from ribosomes, 599 relation to protein synthesis, 601 role in polypeptide chain elonga-
tion, 589, 593, 607 specificity for inactivation of in-
hibition of protein synthesis, 589, 595
t ransfer of ADP-ribose portion of NAD to, 605
Aminoacylation, enzymatic effect of tRNA st ructural modifi-
cations on, 508 of tRNA Gly, 507
Anisomycin inhibitor of peptidyl t ransferase
in 80 S ribosomal systems, 373 Anti-G inhibits polyphenylalanine
syntheses, 413 Anti-T
effect on binding, 413 effect on codon recognition, 414 inhibitor of in vitro protein syn-
theses, 413 Antibiotic mutations, 117, 118 Antibiotic resistance markers, 85-88 Antibodies as specific inhibitors of
the G and T factor requir ing re- actions, 413
Antibiotics competition in binding sites, 362 effect on binding of tRNA to
ribosomes, 375 effect on f ragment reaction
with human tonsil ribosomes, 373
with yeast ribosomes, 372 effect on peptidyl t ransferase, 362 effect on polypeptide bond forma-
marion, 46, 51 effect on polysome metabolism,
231-236 effect on polysomes formed in vi-
tro, 114 genes resis tant to, 85 sequence of amino acids in, 812
Anticodon-checking demonstration of, 191 interference of AA-tRNAs in, 191 occurrence of, 195
Anticodon loop, 162 independent function of, 166 relation to 30S subparticle, 198
Anucleate merogones, 721 A r b a c i a p u n c t u l a t a , 717 Art i fac tual polypeptides, 656 Asparagine, 416, 675 ATPase from spinach chloroplast,
390 ATP-AMP exchange reaction, 818
82O ATP-PPi exchange reaction, 818,
824 Aurintr icarboxylic acid, 406
effect on binding of phenylalanyl: oligonucleotide to ribosome, 406-408
Azide inhibition of mRNA degrada- tion, 726
B BA (trp) messenger, 725 B . b r e v i s
biosynthesis of gramicidin S, 805 mutant , 823
B a c i l l u s s t e a r o t h e r m o p h i l u s , 439, 665-670
amino acid polymerization factors from, 439 role in peptide chain elongation,
bond synthesis, 467 not involved in binding of amino-
acyl tRNA to ribosomes, 466 properties of, 387 purification of, 385-387, 412 reaction sequences of, 392 requirement for translocation,
328, 415, 529 role in binding of GTP to ribo-
somes, 391,430 roIe in formation of dipeptide, 411 sensitivity to SH inhibitors, 387
GDPCP GTP analog & a competitive in-
hibitor for formation of oligo- phenylalanine, 396
G4P stimulator of translocation, 398
GTP, 154, 163 and binding of circular fd DNA,
651 and dissociation, 227 and effect on binding of aminoacyl-
transferase II, 597, 601 as a stimulus of binding, 395 binding of, 433 binding to protein factors, 419
involvement of factors T~ and T~ in, 420
GTP (cont'd) binding to ribosome, 391
dependent on presence of G fac- tor complex with GTP and ribosomes, 391
causes dissociation of Ts-T. com- plex, 426
cleavage of, 443-445 during binding reaction, 324,
326 required in translocation, 451
co-factor in translocation reac- tion, 348
effect on amount of aminoacyl tRNA reacting with ribosomes, 350
effect on binding G factor to ribo- somes, 382
effect on T-promoted binding of 3H-phenylalanine-tRNA to rib- osomes, 458
free as against bound to complex II, 451
interaction with soluble transfer factors, 419
required at two points during chain extension, 337
required for aminoacyl-tRNA binding, 340
required for interaction of amino- acyl tRNA with transfer fac- tors, 426
required for interaction of sub- strate with ribosome, 347
required for pre- to post-translo- cation, 340, 347, 415
requirement in dipeptide synthe- sis, 445
requirement in polypeptide syn- thesis, 329
requirement for translocation, 328, 335, 340, 601
role in binding, 166, 200, 206, 291,411
role in chain elongation, 451 role in formation of dipeptide, 411 role in initiation process, 277-284 role in polypeptide synthesis, 419 role of factor Ts in binding of, 457
dGTP stimulator of translocation, 398
GTPase, 277 activity of aminoacyl-tRNA bind-
ing factor from reticulocytes, 459
and binding, 330 ribosome-dependent reaction, 385 uncoupled reaction mechanism,
385 GTPase activity
s e e a l s o Fusidic acid G factor to ribosome bonding, 382 relation to translocation, 413
GTPase reaction associated with aminoacyl trans-
ferase II, 603, 605 identical to that of polypeptide
synthesis, 607 inhibition of SH inhibitors, 385 pH-activity curve of, 387 relation to translocation of pep-
tidyl tRNA, 593 requirement for, 389 sequences of, 392
GTPase, ribosome-dependent in initiation factor FIH, 304
of elongation factor G, 304 fi-galactosidase, 753 788
in vitro synthesis of, 771 large tetrameric molecule, 753
fi-galactosidase gene, 753 s e e a l s o ]ac operon
Gene-directed synthesis, 753 Gene dose regulation at level of
translation, 790 Genetic code, 616
s e e a l s o Nucleotide sequences correctness of, 616 degeneracy of, 616
function of, 617 relation nucleotide to amino acids
sequence, 616 64 possible triplets. 513 universality of, 490
Genetic linkage achievement of, 130 between ribosome protein genes
Initiation, see a lso chain initiation, initiation complex, monosome recognition ribosomes, ribosom- al subunit, translation
assay via Asn-tRNA binding, 181 effect of aging on blocking protein
synthesis, 251
Initiation (cont'd) effect of temperature on, 255, 259 in presence of phenyla lan ine
charged fraction II, 808 of fl glucosyl transferase and ly-
sozyme, 764 of peptide bond synthesis, 808 of polypeptide chains, 301 of protein synthesis, 213,255, 258 process in E . coli , 311 reaction steps in, 180 recognition of sites of, 670 requires dissociation, 224 specificity for, 668 steps in, 437 structures, 195
Initiation code for polypeptide syn- thesis, 698
Initiation factors, see a l so acyl- amino-tRNA hydrolyase bind- ing, GTP, G factor, Factors F2, F.~, $1, S._,, Sa, T~, Tu
A, 179 function of, 309-311 (F1), 274 and the ribosomal cycle, 308
B, 179, 281-283, 309-311 C, 179, 189, 309-311
Initiation complex, 259, 261,309 S e e a l so Chain initiation com-
coupling between GTP hydrolosis & translocation compared to bacterial system, 390
Maternal messages, 721 embryo control of, 721 requirements for appearance, 722
Maturation protein s ee a lso A protein, 655,658
control of synthesis of, 687 direction of synthesis of, 667 system which makes only, 656
Messenger RNA (mRNA) see a l so initiation site, 9-10 S
RNA, ribosomes, transfer RNA, translocation
and polypeptide chain termina- tion, 475
and T4 protein synthesis, 794-798 binding site in ribosome, 198 binding to ribosome, 273 breakdown of, 776 capacity for translation, 732 conformational changes during
translocation, 342 demonstration in F-met-tRNA
saturation, 190 determination of functional life-
time, 738 doubling of chemical life of, 731
associated with doubling of functional lifetime of, 731
effect of low temperature on syn- thesis of, 258
factor dependent binding and translation of, 288
5' 3' degradation of, 725 for hemoglobin, 579
molecular weight for, 579 forms of, 564 in egg polyribosomes, 721 initiation structure of, 190 length for binding specificity, 272 masked, 717 model for movement of ribosomes
on, 239
number of copies of proteins per, 776
original point of attachment and movement to initiator site, 671
poly UG as model, 301 protected from degradation when
associated with polyribosomes, 564
recognition by ribosomes, 261,270 regulation role of secondary
structure of, 671 reloading of, 737 resistant to degradation, 629 ribosome binding of 5' region and
par t undergoing translation, 682
secondary structure essential for regulation of initiation of pro- tein synthesis in vitro, 671
similarity in activity of poliovirus and f2 phage, 751
specificity for binding to ribo- somes, 803
stability not related to absence of nuclease in cells, 564
mRNA for hemoglobin see a l so aminoacyl transferase
II, nucleotide sequence contains information for specify-
ing amino acid sequence, 619 double-stranded structure in, 619 existence of untranslated regions
between genes in, 628 extraction of, 579-581 great size of, 611 mechanism for direction of ribo-
somes or initiation factors to initiation sites, 621
structure in, 616-619 two different types, 583
mRNA in bacteria, 746 are polycistronic, 746 terminate & reinitiate peptide
bond synthesis, 746 mRNA in insects for adult cuticular
protein, 787 time of translation of, 787
mRNA in mammalian cells are monocistronic, 746 does not terminate & reinitiate
peptide bond synthesis, 746 encodes long polypeptides, 746
peptide bond cleavage as mech- anism, 746
long length, 746 secondary structure of, 564 stability in, 555
mRNA-polymerase complex, 737 two classes of, 737
mRNA synthesis small fraction of total energy of
cell devoted to, 776 mRNA translation
trans-dominant control of, 775 Met-tRNAm, 164
& depression of loop binding, 165 Methylation
of nucleolar RNA species, 536 of ribosomal RNA, 535
Micrococcin as inhibitor of ribosomal function,
85 Misreading
effect of streptomycin on 101, 115 sites, 101 substances producing, 103
and mRNA degration, 736 and reduction of number of
mRNA chains, 737 and transcript ion, 736
Polari ty gradient a reflection of length of unt rans-
Iatable region to be traversed, 738
Poly A effect on oligolysine formation,
398 Poty ADP-ribose, 783
see a l so homopo]ymer enzyme t rans fe r to nuclear pro-
teins, 783 intranuc]ear distribution of,
783 linkage with nuclear proteins, 783
instability of, 784 Poliovirus genome
single initiation site for, 745 single termination site for, 745 translation of, 745
Poliovirus po]ypeptide derivation, 741 genome encoded on a single, 741 molecular weights of, 744 noncapsid, 741-744 structural , 744
Polypeptide chain elongation see a l so aminoacyl t ransferase II,
chain elongation, streptomycin a t least one fac tor in eucaryotic
organisms involved in, 319 enzymatic hydrolysis, 496 inhibition of, 213
rate in vitro, 113 ribosome participation in, 197 tRNA as a rate limiting factor of,
493 Polypeptide chain initiation, 301
see a l so mRNA, nuc/eotide se- quences, ribosomes, RNA
direct assay for, 660 can take place on a circular single-
stranded DNA molecule, 621, 630
genetic signal for, 619 negative role of secondary struc-
ture, 628 RNA secondary and te r t ia ry
s tructure in, 628 several sites internally in ribo-
some, 621 signal does not require a free 5'-
end, 630 signal does not require nucleotides
a t 3'-side, 630 use of same initiation tr iplet in all
three binding sites, 627 Polypeptide chain termination
see a l s o eodon recognition mole- cules, ethanol, mutants , tem- perature-sensitive, 30 S and 50 S ribosomal subunits, t r inu- cleotide directed formyl-methio- nine release
and relation to nonsense suppres- sion, 499
assay, 469 at nonsense eodons, 499 codons required for, 480 dependent upon presence of a so-
luble factor and a macromoleeu- lar ribosomal component, 488
effect of antibiotics on, 487 genetic alteration, 469 mechanism, 479, 485-487
two events in, 485 premature, 469, 485 ribosomal subunit requirements
of, 485 signals, 469 specificity of terminator codons,
488 steps in, 469 st imulat ing factor (f~, S), 472 stimulation of, 483 substrate, 469, 473
Po]ypeptide chain termination (cant 'd) effect of ethanol on, 474 hydrolysis of peptidyl tRNA
bond, 474, 476 inhibition by antibiotics, 474 models for, 475 ribosomal site of peptidyl
tRNA, 474 sensitivity to puromycin, 473,
476 translocation of peptidyl tRNA
required before, 485 tr iggered by codon UAA, 469
Polyribosomes, 231,255 see a lso Home 50 S RNA, Ribo-
somal subunits, sodium fluoride breakdown into monoribosomes,
522 in cytoplasm of animal cells, 547 metabolism, 231 nascent chain release from, 551 possible site of protein synthesis
in cell, 547 requirements for conversion to
subunits, 256 Polyribosomes in animal cells
see a l so mRNA, nascent chains, polyribosomes, egg; polyribo- samos, light; protein syntheses
prepared in high salt buffers, 717 sharp increase following fertiliza-
tion, 717, 721 parallel increase in rate of pro- tein synthesis, 721
Polyribosomes, egg not limited by t ranslat ion factors
nor initiation factors, 721 Polyphenylalanine synthesis
deacylated tRNA as an ini t iator of, 333
effect on cold sensitivity of ribo- somes, 73
inactivity of nncleoprotein cores in, 44-47
inhibited by anti-G, 413, 415 inhibited by anti-T, 415 interference of non-fitting AA-
tRNA, 191 poly U directed, 40 role of G factor in, 42 role of - P 1 0 particles in, 53 requirements for initiation in re-
ticulocyte t ransfer system, 334 Polysomal ribosomes
not dissociated hy DF, 225 Po]yribosomes, l ight
see a lso 9-10 SRNA, RNA synthe- sis
active in protein synthesis, 718 and synthesis of proteins from
new nuclei dur ing cleavage, 719 dependence on continued synthe-
sis of mRNAs for histones, 720 synthesis of histone-]ike nascent
relation to "free ribosomes", 224 Polysomes from embryonic chick
muscle, 799 separated into different sized
classes tha t synthesize different cell-specific proteins, 799
Polyuridylic acid (poly U) as a st imulator of binding, 395
Positive control, 768 Procapsid, 741
precursor of the virion, 741 Procapsid proteins
see a l s o noncapsid polypeptides, precursor of, 742
Promoter locus, 753, 758 Promoter mutations, 738 Protein biosynthesis in mammals
see a l so mRNA, nucleotide se- quences, ribosomal cycle, ribo- some 80 S
dependent on anticodon-codon recognition, 619
inhibition by diphtheria toxin, 589, 603
inhibition in reticulocytes, 556 due to decrease in ribosomal
subunits, 556 unfolding of loop structure, 619
Protein chain initiation require- ments for, 274
Protein chain initiation complex formation of, 291-294
Protein dissociation factor (DF) , 223
Protein 50 S gel analysis of, 30, 36 gel pat terns of, 28 identification of, 29 loci of, 83 molecular weights of, 32
Protein-GTP complex factors % and T~ re 7~ired for for-
mation of, 421 kinetics of formation of, 421
Protein P4 responsibility for spectromycin
sensitivity, 95 Protein P7
effect on fidelity of translation, 59 possible locus of, 96 responsible for streptomycin
sensitivity, 96 Protein, P10
functional role of, 53 effect on fidelity of translation, 59 responsibility for streptomycin
phenotype, 51 Protein requirements for
assembly of 30 S ribosomal par- ticles, 54-55
Protein RI role in reconstitution, 66
Protein S, see a lso Release factor, Stimulation factor affects process of termination codon recognition, 486
differs f rom T~, 483 function of, 483
inhibition by GTP, 483 heat lability of, 483 purification of, 483 role in reconstitution, 66 site of action of, 484
Protein 30 S components of, 49-51 exchange reaction functional analysis of, 53-59 gel pa t te rns of, 28, 52 heterogeneity of, 20-22 involved in tRNA binding, 129-
136 loci of, 83
molar amounts of molecular weight of, 17, 32
non-replacement of, 21 reconstitution of, 49 SDS gel analysis of, 27, 34 stoichrometric data for, 19, 33-36
Proteins, ribosomal ~ee a l so protein 50 S, P~econstitu-
tion, protein 30 S acceptor activity of, 553 antigenic properties of, 29 comparison of acrylamide gel pat-
terns, 85 components of, 53-61, 85 electropharesis pa t te rns of, 42 identification of, 25~30, 36 involved in tRNA binding, 129-
136 heterogeneity of, 17-23 27-31, 37 loci of genes of, 78-80, 83 models for, 20-23 molar amounts of, 32 molecular weights of. 17, 31, 37 number of, 25-27 stoichiometry of, 19, 33-36 tryptic fingerprints of, 29
Proteolysis, 741 importance in formation of polio-
virus proteins, 743 Puromycin, 769
and donor site, 168 and formation of a peptide bond,
347 comparison to effect on bacteria]
ribosomes, 370 effect on f ragment reaction of
mammalian and yeast ribo- somes, 370
effect on release of peptide chains, 216
effect on ribosomal complexes, 414-416
effect on ribosomal subunit ex- change, 215-218
effect on ribosomes, 293
Puromycin (cant 'd) reaction with globin peptides, 339 reaction with ribosomes contain-
ing bound ac-phe-tRNA, 353 release of nascent globin chains.
338 requirements for reaction with
phenylalanyl-tRNA, 338 sensitivity of polypeptide chain
termination substrate, 474, 476 t reatment of embryos, 72
Puromycin reaction sce a lso Peptide bond formation analog of peptide bond formation,
401 and G-factor, 171 as a model system to study peptide
bond formation, 357-359 definition in terms of binding and
t ransfer , 405 effect of Phe-tRNA binding reac-
tion on, 170, 458 effect of T- and G-factor on, 170 inhibition of release of tRNA. 461 rapidi ty during peptidyl t ransfer ,
460 same mechanism as peptide bend
formation in protein synthesis, 357
with F-met-tRNA, 360 Puromycin reactivity, 325, 326, 328
reticulocyte TF-II requirements for, 338
R
R-17 amber mutant 40% f ragment R 17 RNA 709-713
initiation site for A protein on, 715
rapid degradation of, 714 loss of polari ty by fragmentat ion,
713, 714 r a m gene, 107,108 Rat liver ribosomes
requirements for binding of, 355 Rat liver ribosomes & ribosomal sub-
unit reaction of various com- ponents with, 354
Reading context see a l so suppression effects with all types of suppres-
Reconstitution see a lso Ribosomes effect of cold-sensitive mutants on.
70-74 effect of ionic s t rength on, 63 effect of pH on, 64 effect of temperature on, 64. 170 mechanics of, 65 of inactivated ribosomes, ]32 of ribosomal proteins, 49-61 of ribosomes, 63-66, 364 of total proteins and single split
proteins, 96 protein requirements for
ribosomal functions, 57 ribosomal particles, 55
Release factors and peptide chain termination
codons, 480 codon specificity of, 481 composition of, 481 how they part icipate in release,
220-222 in bacteria, 209-213 in eukaryotes, 209 inhibitors of, 232-236 model of, 206, 213 rate of subunit exchange in, 212 universal mechanism for, 218
Ribosomal cycle of mammalian cells, 562
interference with results, 563 main steps in, 562-564 participation of ribosomal sub-
units (40 S and 43 S) in, 562 Ribosomal distribution in aging bac-
terial cultures, 243-251 Ribosomal exchange, 209
mechanism of, 212 rate of, 212, 215
effect of pactamycin on, 216 effect of puromyein on, 216 effect of spectinomycin on, 216 effect of streptomycin on, 217 limiting of, 216
Ribosomal proteins, s ee proteins Ribosomal RNA products, encaryo-
tic, 535, 536,579 Ribosomal subunits (RSU), 209
see a l so ribosome analogous functions between cor-
responding subunits of 80 S and 70 S ribosomes, 369
and translation, 215,255 association to form 80 S ribosomes
takes place at polyribosome le- vel during initiation, 562
classes of, 552 compactness of association depen-
dent on functional state, 204 conservation of, 209 derived, 555 distribution of, 255 effect of antibiotics, 215-217 equilibration with 80 S ribosomes,
557 exchange in, 209, 211
mechanism of, 212 rate of, 212, 215
effect of inhibition of protein synthesis on, 212
50S as the carrier, 197 required for chain termination,
485 retention of peptidyl tRNA on
large ribosomal subparticle, 197
40 S, 369 Ribosomal subunit, 40S
in cytoplasmic ribosomes, 211 functions of, 555
in rabbit reticulocytes, 555-562 heterogeneity of, 559 in cytoplasm of animal cells, 547 involved in initiation, 556 involved in recycling, 552 kinetics of entry into ribosomes
and polyribosomes in intact cells, 557
mammalian, 369 native, 307, 555 pool, 209, 213 preparation of, 369 produced during recycling of ribo-
somes in translation and carry out initiation, 561
regulation of, 555 role in peptide chain initiation,
547 role in protein synthesis, 547 7S, 538 70S, 198, 205, 223, 255, 309, 382,
598 60S, 369,371,535, 557 in cytoplasmic ribosomes, 211 slow entry into polyribosomes,
558 stability of association dependent
on functioning, 202-204 IOS, 581-583 30S, 63-66, 282, 485
affinity for some tRNA region, 198
contains dissociation factor, 225
mRNA binding site in, 198 porter of aminoacyl-tRNA, 197 specific chain initiation site on,
291 32S, 535,540 12S, 541 20S, 537 21S, 293,541 26S, 799, 800 two types of small, 559
18S ribosomal RNA in, 559 yeast, 369
Ribosome assembly role of split proteins in, 96
Ribosome binding selective, in initial region of coat
protein gene, 678 to initiation sequence of mRNA,
631 Ribosome, binding to aminoacyl
transferase lI see a lso GTP, Ribosomes by various nucleotides, 429 of aminoacyl-tRNA, 395 of codon specific release factors,
482
Ribosome, binding to aminoacyl transferase II (cont'd)
of phenylalanyl-oligonucleotide, 403
protection of bound segment of viral RNA against cleavage, 631
Tu and T~ factors, 461 two separate sites for RNA, 684 role of initiation factors in bind-
ing F-met-tRNA, 308 Ribosome-bound polypeptides, 347 Ribosome-bound protein in Td-
translocase tight binding to, 417 models for interaction, 348
unique structure, 25-37 yeast, 210
Ribonueleic acid, s ee a lso nucleotide sequences, ribosomes, synthe- tase
chemical modification of, 647-649 cleavage method, 647-649 direct synthesis of 3 proteins, 621 effect rifampycin, 235 5'-end of, 619 5S, in a 43S ribosomal precursor
particle, 141-144 5S, precursors of, 139-141,147 fractionation on basis of mol wt,
Translation, see a l so amber codon, lysozyme mRNA, monoribo- somes, neumycin, nucleotide se- quences, polyribosomes, read- ing context, ribosomal peptidyl tRNA, ribosomes, RNA, t rans- fer RNA
action of mRNA chain during, 198
amount of ribosomes involved in, 557
and subunit exchange, 215 control of rate by secondary struc-
ture of f~_RNA, 685 control of two c~asses of mRNA in
embryos, 717 de n o v o , of e gene messenger of
T4, 771 differing frequencies of A protein,
coat protein and synthetase pro- tein, 626
dissociation follows, 209, 213 driving mechanism for all polar
displacements, 198 effect of initiation factors on, 285 efficiencies of different genes dif-
fer, 627 genes in f2RNA are not translated
sequentially from 5'-end, 658 in mammalian cells free ribosomal
subunits cannot exchange rap- idly with RSU of ribosomes in- volved in, 562
importance of position of codon in overall nucleotide sequence, 514
increase ~n rate due to increase of a t tachment of ribosomes, 656
initial presence of ribosomal sub- units or 80 S ribosomes not es- sential, 560
initiation of, 261,274 in vitro of f2RNA, 655, 659 model of f2, 659 initiation of peptide bond synthe-
sis during, 746 of adult cuticular mRNA, 787 of amber codon, 676 of bacterial virus RNA, 746 of coat gene and effect on RNA
structure, 672 of lysozyme mRNA blockage of,
774 of mRNA, 285, 729
factor dependent, 288 of poliovirus RNA, 745-747
compared to f2RNA, 747-751
of poly A, 298 of polymerase gene; order of, 659 periodicity, 729-732 possible effect of reduction in con-
centration of a tRNA species on; specific na tura l mRNA dif- ferential slowing of rate of, 588
protein requirements for codons in mRNA, 347
secondary or te r t ia ry s tructure of phage RNA restricts initiation of, 655
size of nucleotide sequence being responded to, 515
steps in chain elongation, 438 Transferase I, 347
aminoacyl tRNA-binding factor, 354
role of, 348 substrate binding factor in t rans-
location reaction, 348 Transferase II, 349, 350, 355, 385,
339,369, 395, 401,438, 595 Armour, S., 37 Arnstein, H. R. V., 580 Asso, J., 741-746, 747 Atsmon, A., 25 Attardi, G., 535 Atwood, K., 125 Aubert, M., 139,140,145 August, J. T., 635, 636, 675, 702 Ayuso, M. S., 369-371,374
B
Baglioni, C., 218, 219, 555-565, 567, 573,574
Bade, E., 219 Bailey, Y., 251 Baker, R. F., 122, 261, 725, 729, 733 Baldi, M. I., 93, 793 Baltimore, D., 560, 721,741-746, 747-
751 Banerjee, A. K., 636, 702 Bank, A., 571 Barash, F., 305 Barnett, L., 479, 514,516, 517, 520 Baron, L. S., 27, 79, 83 Barrell, B. G., 161, 294, 497, 611-
620, 622,625, 629 Baseman, J. B., 595-602, 603 Basilio, C., 51,398,408 Bassel, B. A., 619, 709, 715 Battaner, E., 357, 362,369-375 Batty, M., 343 Bauerle, R. H., 725 Bout, A., 588 Bautz, E. F., 511,774, 775, 793 Beadle, G. W., 124 Becarevic, A., 285 Bechmann, H., 59,125 Becket, D., 61 Becker, Y., 211, 216, 218, 219, 555,
557 Beckwith, J. R., 104, 105, 119, 121,
125,499,502,517, 735, 759, 760 Beerendonk, U., 251 Belitsina, N. V., 206 Bell, E., 717 Beller, R. J., 223-230 Bello, J., 130 Belozersky, A. N., 125 Benzer, S., 118, 119, 514,517 Berberich, M. A., 735 Berg, P., 4, 9, 10, 12, 122, 135, 502,
505, 508, 698, 753
Berg, T. L., 815 Bergmann, F., 159 Bergmann, M., 1 Berkley, P., 722 Bermek, E., 179-196,416 Bernardi, A., 411-417 Bernardi, G., 640 Bertsch, L. L., 698 Beskow, G., 6 Bessman, S. P., 574 Best, J. S., 567 Bhagavan, N. V., 815 Bickle, T.A., 25-38, 117 Billeter, M. A., 294, 564, 619, 621,
635-646, 671,683, 715 Birge, E. A., 117 Bishop, D. H. L., 536, 635, 640, 680,
698 Bishop, J., 211, 377, 395, 547, 556,
789,790 Biswas, 105,106,108 Bizzini, B., 590,591 Bjare, 108 Blackburn, G. M., 406 Bladen, H. A., 736,753 Blake, R. D., 155 Blankson, T., 760 Blessing, J., 655 Blew, D., 396, 509 Bloch, K., 1,815 Blomback, B., 531 Blomback, M., 531 Blum, N., 567 Blumenstock, F. A., 531 Bock, R. M., 17, 38,149-152 Boedtker, H., 500, 611,619,621,623,
663, 671,701,709, 776 Boettiger, 134 Boiron, M., 403 Bolle, A., 91,105, 262, 469,712, 767,
769, 771,773,775,776, 793,794 Bollen, A., 27, 51, 85, 88, 95-100 Bonner, J., 783,784 Bont, W., 331 Bonventre, P. F., 599 Borsook, H., 1-3, 5, 548, 568,571 Borun, T. W., 557, 719 Bosch, L., 751 Bosselaar, A., 751 Bowman, 60 Boyer, P. D., 10 Brachet, J., 1 Braunitzer, G., 567, 574 Braverman, A. S., 571 Brawerman, G., 225, 261, 263, 274,
277, 285, 301, 307-312, 354, 632, 671, 773
Breckenridge, L., 102-104, 234, 241 Breitman, T. R., 568 Bremer, H., 758 Brenner, M., 1 Brenner, S., 91, 119, 199, 210, 463,
468, 469, 479, 485, 486, 505, 512, 517,672,735
Bresler, S., 362 Bretscher, M. S., 162, 231,238, 291,
Bretthauer, R. K., 326, 327 Britten, R. J., 74 Brock, T. D., 117, 234 Brody, S., 507 Bromer, W. W., 741 Brot, N., 170,331,382,391,392,395,
401,408, 411,419-431~ 438 Brown, D. D., 139,537, 538 Brown, J., 166, 287, 288, 801 Brown, R., 593, 598, 601 Brownle, 44 Brownlee, G. G., 140, 611-614, 619,
622,625, 640,648,699 Brownstein, B. L., 69, 126 Brun, G., 497 Bruns, G. P., 571 Brunk, C., 520,780 Bruschi, A., 716 Bruskov, V., 343 Bruton, C. J., 161 Buc, M-H., 11 Bucher, N. L. R., 3 Burk, D., 484 Burka, E. R., 564, 576 Burny, A., 579 Bursztyn, H., 44, 173, 262,325, 347,
353, 361, 370, 479 Burton, K., 12, 13 Busch, H., 781,782 Butler, K., 374 Byrne, R., 261,264,736, 753, 768
C
Cameron, H. J., 238 Cammack, K. A., 65,707 Campana, T., 567 Campbell, A., 763 Campbell, L. L., 668 Canelo, E. S., 248 Canfield, R. E., 79 Cannon, M., 144, 167,333 Capecchi, M., 91,120, 121, 125, 175,
Capecchi, N. E., 476 Caputo, A., 575 Carbon, J. A., 122, 125,496, 505-512 Caro, L., 126 Carsiotis, M., 740 Caryk, T., 470, 487 Cashel, M., 408 Casjens, S. R., 406 Caskey, C. T., 116, 408,470-473,475,
476, 479-491,499,502,503, 518 Caspersson, T., 1 Castles, J. J., 245 Celma, M. L., 357-370, 374,407, 487,
562 Cern~., J., 358, 361,362,370,375 Chae, Y-B., 285-294, 298 Chamberlin, M., 698 Chambers, D. A., 753-761 Chambon, P., 781-783 Champe, S. P., 118,119, 514,517, 520 Chan, W. M., 134 Chance, R. E., 741 Chang, A. Y., 751 Chang, F., 88, 96, 97, 359,362,407 Chantrenne, H., 2, 579 Chapeville, F., 115, 237, 238, 326,
363,365, 373,439, 493-498,653 Chargaff, E., 125 Chauveau, J., 781 Chen, C., 531 Chen, G. C., 463 Chen, J., 630-633 Chl~dek, S., 362 Chrambach, A., 17, 25, 27, 77 Chuang, D-M., 109-111,220 Clark, A. J., 117 Clark, B. F. C., 150-153, 161-166,
222, 261,291, 301,304,623,655 Clark, J. Jr., 334,343,751 Clark-Walker, G. D., 373 Claybrook, J. R., 536 Clegg, J. B., 317, 571,585 Cognetti, G., 717-723 Cohen, G. H., 717 Cohen, G. N., 142, 725 Cohen, L., 216, 362 Cohen, P. P., 1 Cohen, S. S., 775,793,794 Cohn, E. J., 12 Cole, H. A., 590,591,593 Collier, R. J., 589, 596, 601-603, 606,
609 Colombo, B., 218,219, 228, 547, 553,
555-561,564,573, 574 Comb, D. G., 403 Connamacher, R. H., 246 Connors, P. G., 149-152 Contesse, G., 736, 738 Conway, T. W., 240, 324, 377, 385,
386, 389, 395,472,484, 522, 524 Coolsma, J., 793, 794 Cooper, D., 431,457 Cooper, M., 343 Cooper, S., 687, 692, 703 Coppo, A., 727, 757 Corcoran, J. W., 85, 88 Cormick, J., 742 Cory, S., 161,162 Coulson, A., 619 Cousin, D., 463 Cousineau, G. H., 717 Coutsogeorgopoulos, C., 406,408 Couturier, M., 102 Cox, E. C., 51, 79,102, 111,725 Cox, R., 580,583 Craig, N. C., 540 Cramer, F., 12, 150, 152, 153, 156 Craven, G. R., 17, 18, 25, 29, 37, 66,
77, 100, 129-137, 753, 756, 757 Crawford, I. P., 725 Creighton, T. E., 725 Crick, F. H. C., 4, 6, 9,105, 154,343,
Davis, B. D., 91, 111, 113-117, 216- 218, 223-230, 234, 236, 237, 246, 251,298,564
Dawes, E. A., 63 Dawkins, R. C., 321-330, 411 De Hauwer, G., 733 Delius, H., 23, 25-39, 49, 117, 702 Demerec, M., 117 DeMoss, J. A., 4,238,493 Desmet, L., 102 Deutscher, M. P., 521,526 DeVallet, J., 403 DeVries, J. K., 755, 758, 760,771 De Wachter, R., 611, 621, 635, 636,
641,642, 697-705 Dewey, K. F., 56,246,277-284, 291 Diamond, J. M., 567 Dietrich, C. P., 815 Dillewijn, J., 37 Di Matteo, G. F., 463,468 Dingman, C. W., 536, 614 Dintzis, H., 168,313-319, 569,585 Doctor, B. P., 12,150, 152 Dodd, E. A., 815 Dohan, F. C., Jr., 763-770 D5hring, S., 780 Donner, D., 25, 49 Doolittle, W. F., 727, 735 Doskocil, J., 93, 793 Doty, D. M., 606 Doty, P., 4,284,287, 288,476,801 Dounce, A. L., 9 Dowben, R., 799 Doyle, R. J., 130 Dube, S. K., 161-166, 222 Dubnau, D., 85-89 Dubnoff, J. W. 1,436 Dubnoff, J. S., 301-306 Duijts, G. A. H., 751 Dzionara, M., 25, 49
E
Echols, H., 768 Eckert, K., 179-196, 395,416 Eckstein, F., 382 Edgar, R. S., 794 Edlin, G., 228 Edman, P., 531 Edstrom~ J. E., 540 Egami, F., 613,619,647-650 Eggen, K., 611, 621, 631, 655, 687,
77, 78, 86,129 Folkes, J. P., 3,406 Forchammer, J., 69 Forget, B., 139-148, 611 Foulds, J., 505 Fowler, D., 545 Fox, L L., 475, 481,488 Fraenkel-Conrat, H., 583, 698 Franklin, R. M., 218, 223, 235-237,
243-253, 680, 687, 693, 694-696, 702
Frantz, I. D., 1, 2, 3 Franze de Fernandez, M. T., 635,
637 Fredriksen, D. W., 744 Freedman, M. L., 56%578 Freese, E., 511 Freese, E. B., 511 Fresco, J. R., 12, 150, 155, 195,400 Friedman, H., 236, 255-260 Friedman, S. M., 665, 670 Fromageot, H. P. M., 655, 658, 677,
688 Fruton, J. S, 1 Fry, K., 520 Fujikawa, K., 815-826 Fujimura, R. K., 25 Fujimura, T., 781 Fukui, T., 74 Fukuma, I., 167 Fuller, W., 164, 343, 583 Funk, F., 499
G Galasinski, W., 347-356, 411 Gale, E. F., 3, 406 Galibert, F., 139,403 Galizzi, A., 491
Gallucci, E., 486, 517 Galizzi, A., 491 Galper, J., 209 Ganoza, M. C., 469, 475, 476, 479,
481,488, 489, 493 Gardner, R. S., 398, 408 Garen, A. 105, 456, 469, 479, 485,
499, 502, 517, 633,768,769 Garen, S., 768, 769 Garner, C. W., 321-330, 411 Garrick, M. D., 317, 567, 569, 740 Gartner, T. K., 102, 103,517 Garwes, D., 687 Gasior, E., 331,347, 438 Gassen, H. G., 403 Gavin, R., 129-137 Gefter, M. L., 781 Geiduschek, E. P., 91,235, 766, 793,
794 Gelser, J., 694 Georgopoulos, C. P., 768 Gesteland, R. F., 40, 42, 65,105, 212,
Gott~ieb, D., 805 Gottschalk, E. M., 377-384, 392, 412 Gould, H., 614, 615 Gould, J. L., 689 Goulian, M., 781 Granboulan, M., 744 Grayzel, A. I., 573, 574 Graziosi, F , 468 Green, M. H., 248, 256 Greenberg, D. M., 2, 3,567 Greenberg, R. E., 115,238, 653 Greenshpan, H., 261-275 Grollman, A. P., 240, 372, 632 Groot, N. de, 115, 238, 265, 493, 495 Gros, F., 205,248, 261,263, 264,274,
285, 301, 308, 312, 463, 464, 736, 738, 780
Gross, P. 1~., 71%723 Grossbard, L., 799 Grunberg-Manago, M., 6, 7, 263 Gupta, N. K., 122, 125, 491,505 Gupta, S. L., 630-633 Gurgo, C., 231-242 Gussin, G. N., 125,505, 611,621,628,
655, 675, 703, 707, 711, 713, 715, 716, 771
Guthrie, C., 69-75, 212, 222,231,308, 463
H Haba, G. de la, 401,438 Haegeman, G., 697-705 Haenni, A-L., 129,167,169,200, 205,
Hahn, F. E., 401,406, 407 Haines, J., 10, 12, 13 Hall, B. H., 248, 256 Halvorson, H. O., 369 Hamada, K., 372 Hamel, E., 352 Hamilton, M. G., 536 Hammel, C. L., 574 Hampel, A., 149, 150, 153 Hanes, C. S., 1,609 Hansen, A., 85, 88 Harada, F., 12 Hardesty, B., 179, 209, 321,331-345,
347, 411,416, 548, 556 Hardesty M., 343 Hardy, S. J. S., 17-24, 25, 37, 49, 51,
57,100,117,129 Harris, A. G., 2, 5 Harris, J. I., 77, 86 Harrison, A. J., 365 Hartley, B. S., 79,161 Hartman, K. A., 687, 697 Hartman, P. E., 117 Hartmann, G., 258,695,727 Hartwell, L. H., 259, 317-319 Haruna, I., 635, 697 Hasegawa, S., 781,782 Haselkorn, R., 80, 91-94, 119, 126,
235, 685, 773,793-798 Hashimoto, K., 117, 125 Hashimoto, S., 648 Hattman, S., 433-436 Hawthorne, D. C., 317 Hay, E., 535 Hayaishi, O., 603-608, 609, 781-786 Hayashi, M., 248 Hayatsu, H., 398, 510 Hebert, R. R., 687,697 Hecht, L. I., 6, 7, 8, 9, 13 Hecht, N. B., 139 Heck, B. H., 396, 408 Heintz, R., 168, 339, 347, 372 Heisenberg, M., 655 Helinski, D., 505 Heller, G., 183, 184, 194, 357, 369-
375, 395 Helser, T., 95-100 Hendee, E. D., 589, 598, 603 Hendler, R. W., 3 Henshaw, E. C., 547 Heppel, L. A., 245 Herbert, E., 218, 404, 547-555, 563,
574, 745 Heredia, C. F., 369-371,374 Herner, A., 216, 362 Hershey, A. D., 93 Hershey, J. W. B., 56, 180, 226, 246,
261, 277-284, 291, 333, 357, 371, 396, 446,457
Herv~, G., 496 Herzberg, M., 261-275, 285 Herzog, A., 232 Hessel, B., 531 Heywood, J. D., 567 Heywood, S. M., 799-803 Hierowski, M., 232, 246, 395, 406 Higa, A., 726 Hill, C. W., 505-512 Hill, R., 333 Hill, W. E., 23 Hille, M.B., 199, 285, 291, 294, 354,
357, 419,469 Hindley, J., 294,621,635-646 Hiraga, S., 725 Ho, N. W. Y., 613, 647-650 Hoagland, M. B., 4, 5, 6, 9,13 Hodgson, A., 164, 343,583 Hofschneider, P. H., 195, 702 Hogan, B., 212, 218, 219, 547, 555-
557, 563,717-723 Hohn, T., 697 Holeysovskh, H., 577 Holgate, E., 672 Holland, J. A., 742, 744 Holland, J. J., 652 Holley, R. W., 6, 8, 12, 153, 395, 403,
611 HoIlingworth, B. R., 32,708 Holm, H., 809,817 Holmes, E., 599 Holtzer, A., 744 Holtzman, E., 535
Honig, G. R., 570 Honikel, K. O. 595, 727 Honjo, T., 589, 590, 593, 595, 603-
609,781,784 Hoogendam, B. W., 751 Hopkins, J. W., 535, 536 Hopps, H. E., 406 H5rchner, P, 573 Hori, M., 567-569 Horinishi, H., 529-533 Horiuchi, K., 611, 621,655, 675 Horiuchi, S., 768 Horiuchi, T., 768 Horowitz, N. H., 317 Hosoda, J., 794,795 Hosokawa, K., 20, 25, 27, 39, 44, 46,
66 Hotham-Iglewski, B., 236, 237, 248,
249, 687, 693,695, 696 Howard, G. A., 218,547-554, 563 Hsu, W. T., 94 Huang, A. S., 560, 721,741-747 Hubbard, J. S., 527 Huehns, E. R., 574 Huffman, H. M., 1 Hultin, T., 2, 3, 6 Hunt, J. A, 166, 490, 493, 564, 579-
584,751 Hunt, T., 567 Hunter, A., 718, 7t9 Hunter, T., 567 Hurwitz, R., 115, 238, 653 Hutchison, H. T., 318,319 Huxley, H. E., 731
I Iaccarino, M., 12 Ibuki, F., 328, 339, 341, 347, 351,
354, 388, 593 Igarashi, K., 167-177, 411,416 Igarashi, S., 257 llan, J., 787-791 Ilan, K., 787, 788 Imae, Y. 815-826 Imamoto, F., 725-727, 729, 733, 736,
737 Imhoff, J. G., 599 Imura, N., 12 Infante, A. A., 717, 718 Ingraham, J., 74,258 Ingram, V. M., 585 Inoue, N., 377, 385-393,412 Inouye, M., 776 Ishikura, H., 152 Ishitsuka, H., 167-177,387, 411 Ishizawa, M., 122 Iskierko, J., 590 Itano, H. A., 585 Ito, E., 820 Ito, J., 725, 729, 735 Itoh, H., 820, 821 Itoh, T., 25, 74 Itzhaki, R. F., 824 Iverson, R. M., 717 Iwanami, Y., 537 Iwasaki, K., 191,226, 229, 261,273,
285-290, 291-299, 302, 308, 311
J Jackson, J. F., 698 Jacob, F., 91,463,725, 754, 760 Jacob, T. M., 398 Jacobs-Lorena, M., 555-565 Jacobson, M. F., 741-748, 751 Jacoby, A., 102 Jakoby, W. B., 428 Janecek, J., 759 Janin, J., 776 Jardetzky, O., 401,408 Jasnos, J., 803 Jeppesen, P. G. N., 294, 611-620,
622, 629, 715 Jimenez, A., 361-363 Johns, E. W. 782 Johnson, B., 584 Johnston, R. B., 1,815 Joklik, W., 211,216,218, 219, 555 Jones, D. S., 398,506, 510 Jones, R. T., 742 Jordan, B., 139-148 Josse, J., 635 Jost, M., 232,247 Jukes, T. H., 622 Julian, G. R., 238,362, 401,408
Kalckar, H. M., 1 Kalousek, F., 10 Kaltschmidt, E., 17, 25, 27, 29, 49,
129 Kalyankar, G. D., 815 Kambe, M., 815-826 Kamen, M. D., 2 Kamen, R., 702 Kamiryo, T., 815 Kanagalingam, K., 583 Kanner, L. C., 407, 408 Kaplan, S., 469,479, 485, 512, 517 Karon, M., 567 Kasai, T., 774, 775,793 Kataja, E., 51,101,102, 115, 122 Kate, I., 589, 603,607 Katz, E. R., 479,517, 805 Katze, 644 Kawakita, M., 385-393, 412 Kawano, G., 232, 401,412,467 Kazazian, H. H., 569 Kaziro, Y., 377, 385-393, 412 Kedes, L. H., 717-723 Keighley, G., 568 Keller, E. B., 3, 4, 5, 13,678, 679 Keller, W., 4~0-491 Kelley, D. E., 558 Kelley, W., 218,223,243, 246, 251 Kelly, R. B., 689 Kelmers, A. D., 586, 587 Kemper, W., 484 Kepes, A., 732 Kershaw, M., 305 Kessler, P., 74 Keynan, C., 726 Khorana, H. G., 9, 122, 125, 198,
291,398,479, 505, 506, 510 Kida, S., 725 Kiehn, E. D., 742,744 Kiho, Y., 243 Kim, S-H., 149-152, 153-159 King, J., 94, 794 Kinoshita, T., 115, 232, 331, 372,
373,389,401,412, 467 Kirby, K. S., 7, 579 Kirschmann, C., 115 Kisselev, L. L., 11 Kisselev, N., 343 Kjeldgaard, N. O., 193, 194, 731,732 Klein, H. A., 469-477, 488, 518 Kleinkauf, H., 805-813,815, 819, 820 Klein, E. B., 247, 281,352 Klemperer, E., 400 Klink, F., 347, 367, 377 Klug, S., 83 Knopf, P. M., 557, 560,569 Knight, E., 538, 544 Kniisel, F., 695, 727 Koch, G., 93 Koerner, J. F., 678 Kohiyama, M., 463 KShler, K., 547 Kohler, R. E., 91, 216,218, 219,223,
224, 228, 229 Kolakofsky, D., 56, 277-284, 291,304,
Kurnick, J., 599 Kurylo-Borowska, Z., 406 Kuwano, M., 95, 122,123 Kvitek, K., 100
L Labanauskas, M., 149-152 Labrie, F., 564, 580, 582, 583 Lacroute, F., 794 Lacy, A. M., 740 Laemmli, V., 794 Lai, C. Y., 531 Laing, R., 535 Lamb, A. J., 373 Lamberti, A., 727, 757 Lamborg, M., 8, 9, 13 Lamfrom, H., 557, 560 Landy, A., 505 Lane, B., 681-683 Langridge, R., 155 Lanka, E., 479 Lanyon, W. G., 581 Lapidot, Y., 115, 238,494 Larsen, C. J., 403 Laskin, A. I., 134 Laskowski, M., 679 Last, J. A., 285,294,469, 479,489 Latham, H, 212 LavalI~, R., 733 Laver, W., 799 Laycock, D. G., 166, 490, 493, 564,
579-584, 751 Lazzarini, R. A., 521,526 Leboy, P. S., 42, 79, 80, 85, 86, 117,
Lederberg, E. M., 103 Lederberg, J., 103 Lederman, M., 753-756,758, 760 Lee, J. C., 633, 647 Lee, L. W., 526 Leeuwen, A. B. J. van, 751 Lehman, I. R., 245, 768,781 Leibowitz, M. J., 529-533 Leive, L., 726, 732 Lelong, J. C., 262, 285, 312, 403 Leng, M., 400 Lengyel, P., 51, 231, 247, 291, 325,
M Maal0e, O., 193,194,731,732 Maas, W. K., 4 McCalla, K., 742 McCarthy, B. J., 74, 652 McConkey, E. J., 535, 536 McCormick, W., 259 MacDonald, R. E., 69,223,243 McGilvery, R. W., 1 McIlwaine, 316-317 McKeehan, W., 331-345,411, 459 MacKintosh, F. R., 717 McLaughlin, C. S., 259, 317 McLennan, B., 681 McMahon, D. J , 794 McQuillan, K., 205, 246, 261, 401,
406 Madden, M. J., 750 Maden, B. E. H., 357, 359, 361, 370,
371,373,401,410,466, 467, 485 Madison, J. T., 12, 395 Magasanik, B., 93,732, 759 Maglott, D., 25, 39-48, 363 Maitra, U., 301-306,433-436 Maize], J. V., 31,471,741, 742, 744,
745, 748, 751 Makman, R. S., 759 Maleknia, N., 567 Maley, G. F., 765 Maling, B., 505 Ma]kin, L. I., 717, 720 Malkin, M., 373,389 Mandel, H. G., 246 Mandel, M., 463 Mandeles, S., 815 Mangiarotti, G., 74, 124, 167, 209,
Marcot-Queiroz, J., 25, 144 Margolin, P., 725 Marine, P., 727, 757 Markov, G. G., 540 Marks, P. A., 547, 555, 556,564, 571,
576 Marmur, J , 85, 141, 144, 766 Marquisee, M., 395, 403 Marshall, R., 10, 13,101,395,490 Martin, G. S., 463 Martin, J. B., 606 Martin, R. G., 124,199,658,735,757 Martin, T. E., 354,369, 372, 799 Marushige, K., 783, 784 Marvin, D. A., 651 Mason, R. G., 570 Masukawa, H., 115, 126, 331, 372,
389,401,412 Matsuhashi, M., 815 Matsushiro, A., 725 Matthaei, H., 9, 101, 120, 121, 167,
179-196, 198, 369, 395, 416, 657, 673, 747, 773
Matthews, B. W., 156 Matthews, H. R., 615 Mattoccia, E., 118, 463,468, 501 Mauro, E. di, 727, 757 Maxwell, C. R., 560,567-578 Maxwell, E. S., 388,609-610 Mayuga, C., 118, 126,503 Mazner, R., 780 Mazumder, R., 285-290, 291,292 Mazzola, R., 126, 503 Mehler, A. H., 10,521,526 Meier, D., 118 Meister, A., 522, 523,815 Melchior, J. B., 2 Mellamy, M., 760 Mendelsobn, N., 529 Menninger, J. R., 469 Merrill, S. H., 395 Meselson, M., 25, 39, 44, 46, 91,109,
209-222, 225, 231, 234, 237, 263, 365
Messens, E., 697-705 Michels, C., 760 Mickelbank, J., 716,780 Middleton, M. B., 588 Midgley, J. E. M., 17 Migira, V., 195 Milberg, M., 179, 184, 186, 193 Miller, D., 382, 411, 419-431, 455,
457, 483 Miller, J. H., 759 Miller, M. J., 285-290, 291-299,711 Miller, R. L., 586 Miller, R. S., 398 Mills, D. R., 698 Millward, S., 396, 509 Milman, G., 473, 479-491 Minckler, S., 817 Mingioli, E. S., 224 Min Jou, W., 611,635,697-705, 709 Mirzabekov, A. D., 11 Miskin, R., 259,368 Mitchison, D. A., 134 Mitra, S. K., 10, 662, 671 Mitsugi, K., 169, 246, 362, 401, 406,
410 Mizumoto, K., 385-393,412 Mizuno, D., 768 Mizushima, S., 25, 27, 49-61, 100,
123,234 Modolell, J., 113-116,216-218, 234 Moehring, J. M., 589, 596, 601 Moehring, T. J., 589,596,601 Moldave, K., 167, 200, 328,331, 338,
Monroy, A., 717 Montanaro, L., 609 Moore, L. D., 251 Moore, P. B., 17-19, 23, 25, 27, 29,
32, 33, 37, 39, 49, 60, 77, 82, 129, 199, 799
Moore, S., 2 Mora, G., 49 Morell, P., 141,144 Morgan, A. R., 479, 651,652 Mori, K., 815-826 Morikawa, N., 725,727, 733, 737 Morris, A., 401,406, 573,574 Morris, D. W., 493 Morse, D. E., 122, 236,261, 725-740,
776 Mortimer, R. K., 317 Mosteller, R. D., 209, 236, 333, 336,
556, 725-740,776 Meyer, W. A., 717 Mueller, K., 758 Muench, K. H., 502 Mukundan, M. A., 172, 199,228,246 Mfiller-Hill, B., 760 Munro, A., 567 Murray, E., 487 Mute, A., 80 Mykolajewycz, N., 284
Nau, M., 261,277, 303,326, 328, 331, 411,412,419, 467,471
Naughton, M. A., 317 Naylor, R., 647 Neidhardt, F. C., 463,464 Nemer, M., 717,718 Neth, R., 357, 369-375 Neu, H. C., 245 Neubort, 85 Newcombe, H. B., 103 Newman, J., 541 Newton, W. A., 735 Nieman, C., 1 Nirenberg, M. W., 9, 101, 116, 120,
O'Donnell, J. V., 571 Oeschger, M., 611,621, 687, 688 Ofengand, E. J., 9 Ofengand, J., 12 Ogata, K., 6 Ogur, M., 317 Ohe, K., 632 Ohlsson, B. M., 105, 125 Ohnishi, Y., 123 Ohta, T., 198, 199,232,277, 278,281,
283,291,354,419,485 Ohtaka, Y., 697 Ohtsuka, E., 398,510 Oishi, M., 85 Okamoto, T., 263 Okuno, S., 607, 781 Olivera, B. M., 781 Olson, M. E., 567 O'Neil, D. M., 27, 37, 77-84, 117 Ono, Y., 305, 322,325, 329, 332, 411,
Peter, 0., 584 Petermann, M. L., 536, 538 Peters, T. Jr., 531 Peterson, E. A., 3,708 Philbrick, J., 596 Philipps, G., 12, 153,564 Phillips, B. A., 741 Phillips, L., 218, 223, 224, 235-237,
243-253,695, 696 Phillips, S. L., 117-128, 236, 256,
463, 499-503 Piatigorsky, J., 717 Pierson, G., 72 Pifko, S., 88 Pinder, J. C., 615 Pinzino, C. J., 403 Pollet, R., 635 Polmar, S. K., 687 Pontremoli, S., 428 Porges, G. A., 284 Pratt, E. A., 768 Preiss, J., 7 Price, C. A., 25 PuIkrabek, P., 362
Q Quastel, J. H., 787
R Rabinovitz, M., 401,560, 567-578 Racker, E., 390 Raeburn, S., 388, 593, 601,605, 609,
610 Rahmel, G., 195 RajBhandary, U. L., 122, 125, 152,
238,493,495,497, 611,697 Randall, L., 17-24, 37, 117 Randerath, K., 10 Rao, P., 347-356,411 Rao, R. K., 815 Raskas, H., 209, 231,275,354, 558 Ravel, J. M., 10, 167, 190, 200, 280,
Ravenswaay Claasen, J. C. van, 751 Ravin, A. W., 124 Raynaud, M., 590, 591 Reale-Scafati, A., 102, 122 Redfield, B., 395, 401 Reeder, R. H., 781,783 Reeve, F. C. R., 134 Reich, E., 757 Reichmann, M. E., 751 Reisfield, R. A., 86 Rejman, E., 125 Rekosh, D., 747-751 Relyveld, E. H., 591 Remaut, E., 697-705 Remold-O'Donnell, E., 277-284 Reuter, A., 463 Revel, H., 768
Reynier, M., 139-148 Reznikoff, W. S., 759 Ricard, B., 771-780 Rich, A., 149-152, 153-159, 243, 255-
260, 416, 438, 569,799 Richter, D, 347, 369,377 Rickenberg, H. V., 142, 759 Rinaldi, A. M., 717 Rinaldi, G. M., 118, 412, 463-468 Riordan, J. F., 130 Risebrough, R. W., 9 Ristow, H., 547 Rittenberg, D., 1 Robbins, E., 719 Roberts, J., 472 Roberts, N. E., 718 Roberts, R. B., 74, 80 Roberts, W. K., 541 Robertson, H. D., 416, 611,621,627-
Schmid, K., 727 Schneider, J. A., 347, 388, 593,607 Schoefiheimer, R., 1, 2 Schofield, P., 13,153-159 Schramm, G., 7 Schrank, B., 567 Schroeder, W. A., 571,742, 789 Schulman, H. M., 547, 560, 564 Schultz, S., 249 Schwartz, D., 195 Schwartz, J. H., 611,655, 751
Smadel, J. E., 406 Smith, A., 209 Smith, A. E., 491 Smith, C. J., 404 Smith, D. W. E., 735 Smith, E., 408 Smith, F. L., 91-94 Smith, I., 85-89, 139, 535 Smith, J. D., 125, 406, 469, 486, 505 Smrt, 484 Smulson, M. E., 568 Smyth, D., 79 Snoke, J. E., 815 Snustad, D. P., 515 Snyder, L., 727, 757 Sober, H. A., 708 Soeiro, R, 535 Softer, R. L., 529-533 Sokolovsky, M., 130 SSll, D., 231,437, 453, 510 Soll, L., 505 Solomon, A. K., 249 Solomons, I. A., 374 Sommerville, R., 520, 725, 727, 736 Spackman, D. H., 130 Spahr, P. F., 245,286, 291,292, 299,
Sparling, P. F., 95, 113, 234 Spears, C., 391, 392 Speck, J. F., 1 Sperti, S., 609 Speyer, J. F., 9, 51, 79,395, 398,408,
630 Splegelman, S., 248, 536, 619, 63~,
642, 655, 697, 698, 701, 709, 726, 751
Spirin, A. S., 125, 197-207, 222, 231, 579, 717, 718
Spitnik-Elson, P., 25, 42 Spotts, C. R., 101 Spyrides, G. J., 167, 246, 395, 438 Squires, C., 505-512 Stadtman, E. R., 527 Staehelin, M., 727 Staehelin, T., 25, 39-48, 218, 248,
354,357-368, 369,370,373 Staley, R., 220 Stanier, R. Y., 101 Stanley, A. R., 374 Stanley, W., 17, 25, 225, 261, 285,
298, 301, 307, 469, 502
NAME I N D E X 855
Stanners, C. P., 563 Stavy, L., 718 Stearn, A. E., 64 Steele, W. J., 781,782 Steers, E., 753, 756, 757 Stein, J., 417 Stein, W. H., 2 Steinschneider, A., 583, 698 Steitz, J. Argetsinger, 417, 513,564,
52O Strnad, B. S., 77, 83 Strominger, J. L., 815 Strumeyer, D. H., 815 Stuart, A., 611 Studier, F. W., 636 Stulberg, M. P., 12 Stumpp, S., 619 Sturtevant, A. H., 124 Stutz, E., 579 Suarez, G., 246, 395, 401 Subba Row, Y., 472 Subramanian, A. R., 214, 219, 223-
Trostle, P. K., 567 Trotter, C. D., 118,124,506, 512 Truden, J. L., 694-696 Tsolas, O., 531 Tsugita, A., 520, 765, 771, 772, 776 Turnock, G., 69 Tuttle, C., 784 Tyler, A., 717 Tyler, B. S., 717
U Ucer, U., 195 Uchida, T., 613,647-650 Ueda, K., 781-786 UhIenbeck, 0., 476 9525 Cold Spring 2-6 Ullman, A., 753, 756, 759, 760 Umbreit, W. W., 251 Umezawa, H., 126, 373, 389 Urey, J., 520, 780 Uziel, M., 403
V Valentine, R. C., 103,567, 687 Vallee, B. L., 130 Vallet, 518 Vambutas, V. K., 390 Vandenberghe, A., 697-705 Vandendriessche, L., 699 Van der Haar, F., 12 Vanderhoff, G. A., 574 Van der Weld, M., 37 Van Montagu, M., 697-705 Van Styvendaele, B., 697-705 Varricchio, F., 139-148 Vaughan, M. H., 547, 560 Vasquez, C., 291-299 Vazquez, D., 46, 126, 246, 357-368,
Waller, J.-P., 17, 25, 27, 77, 86 Wang, T., 118 Ward, R., 567, 687 Warner, J. R., 416, 438, 535, 547,
560, 569, 574, 750 Warren, M. L., 116 Warshaw, M. M., 698 Watanabe, M, 675 Waterson, J., 411,437-454 Watson, J. D., 4, 5, 9, 32, 49, 64, 80,
179, 238,321,417, 437, 628 Watts-Tobin, J. R., 517 Waxman, H. S., 571-574 Weatherall, D. J., 317,571 Weber, C. S., 139, 538 Weber, K., 31, 416, 471, 490, 611,
614, 616, 621, 628, 660, 667, 675, 703
Weber, M. J., 238 Webster, R. E., 301, 416, 469, 490,
655, 687 Weith, H. L., 611, 635 Wells, R. D., 479, 651 Wettstein, F., 179, 218, 332, 339,
417, 547 White, J. R., 51,102, 111 Whitfield, G., 374 Whitfield, H. J. Jr., 124, 735 Widdowson, J., 29 Wilcox, M., 521-528
Wilhelm, J. M., 685, 773, 793-798 Wilhelm, R. C., 505 Willems, M., 535, 540 Williams, J., 343 Williams, M. K., 574 Williams, R., 760 Williamson, A., 215,216 Williamson, R., 581 Wilson, D. B., 313-319 Wimmer, E., 396, 460, 509 Winslow, R. M., 585 Winterhalter, K. H., 574 Wisseman, C. L., 406 Witting, M. L., 51, 111 Wittmann, H. G., 25, 49, 179 Wittmann-Liebold, B., 179 Witzel, H., 195 Woese, C. R., 83 Wolfe, A. D., 401, 407 Wong, J. T. F., 609 Wood, W. B., 135, 753, 794 Wool, I. G., 354,369, 372,799 Wylde, B., 226
Yanover, P., 717-723 Yarmolinsky, M. B., 401, 438 Yarus, M., 10, 12, 13,508 Yeater, D. P., 223, 243 Yegian, Ch. D., 497 Ying Chen, B., 408 Yoshihara, K., 781-786 Yot, P., 238,493-498 Young, E. T., 766-768 Young, J. D., 149-152 Young, M. J., 166 Yphantis, D. A., 17, 18, 77, 286 Yu, C-T., 11 Yukioka, M., 815
Z Zachau, H. G., 7 Zamecnik, P. C., 1-16,401 Zamir, A., 238, 259, 331, 357, 360,
368, 395, 401,403 Zamlicki, J., 362 Zasloff, M., 288 Zatman, L. J., 781 Zimmerman, R. A., 103, 726 Zimmerman, S. B., 781 Zinder, N. D., 103, 179, 416, 469,