Subject Index - Home - Springer978-3-540-68940-9/1.pdf · complicated sinusitis 254 algorithm in the differential diagnosis of headache/facial aches 314 ... bilateral cricoarytenoid

721

Symbole5-fluorouracil 50118FDG-PET 66118F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission

tomography 541β-2 transferrin test 272β-trace 281β-trace protein test 272

Aabsidia 251accelerated fractionation 675accessory nerve 702, 703, 704achalasia 446acoustic 574acoustic analysis 568, 569acoustic nasometry 571acoustic neuroma 92

middle fossa approach – 97retrosigmoid approach – 95stereotactic radiosurgery – 94translabyrinthine approach – 95

acoustic reflex 18acoustic reflex decay – 18

acoustic rhinometry 184, 213acromegaly 218actinomycosis 356, 414Acublade 481, 576acute bacterial rhinosinusitis 229acute gingivitis 412acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis 251acute side effects 677Adam’s apple 464adenocarcinoma 671adenoid 323, 457adenoidectomy 323, 325, 457, 716adenoid facies 324adenovirus 355aditus 464adjuvant radiotherapy 306adult nodal lymphoma 625aeroallergen 215aerodynamic 574aetiology of epistaxis 205A. fumigatus 251

ageing 227agger nasi 178agger nasi cell 188agnosia 287AIDS 475aim of surgery 672air conditioning 173airflow dynamic 173airway foreign body 714airway resistance 173alar collapse 177, 213alcohol 671algorithm for selecting diagnosis procedure in

complicated sinusitis 254algorithm in the differential diagnosis of headache/facial

aches 314allergen 221allergen avoidance 223allergen nasal challenge 223allergic fungal rhinosinusitis 250allergic rhinitis 174, 221, 476allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma (ARIA) 221alpha-blocker 216american joint committee on cancer (AJCC) staging

system 302amphotericin B 251amyloidosis 478, 496anaplastic carcinoma 597anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) 623, 624anaplastic thyroid cancer 600, 606, 607angina 428angiocentric lymphoma 197angiofibroma 213angiography 199, 658angioimmunoblastic lymphoma (AILT) 624angiolytic laser treatment 490angiomyoma 492angioneurotic oedema 477angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 366angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor 216ankylosis of the cricoarytenoid joint 511anorexia 344anosmia 276, 287anterior commissure laryngoscope 528

Subject Index

722 Subject Index

auriculotemporal nerve 334autofluorescence diagnostics 650autoimmune epithelitis 369autoimmune inner ear disease 119

recommended tests – 119therapy – 120

autoimmune thyroiditis 591autoimmunity 589axonotmesis 519

BBachmann’s test 183bacterial diphtheria (Krupp) 550bacterial laryngotracheobronchitis 476bacteriology of acute sinusitis 231balloon dilatation 515Bannwarth’s syndrome 151Bartonella henselae 356basal cell adenoma 376basal cell carcinoma 621, 634basal lamella 162, 262base of tongue 680B-cell derivation 623B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) 623, 624B-cell type 625Behçet’s syndrome 418Bell’s palsy 147, 150, 151

conservative therapy – 151Schirmer test – 148surgery – 151topognostic – 148

bifurcation 690bilateral cricoarytenoid ankylosis 511bilateral vocal cord paralysis 512Bing-Siebenmann dysplasia 34Bing test 16biopsy technique 623bipolar cauterisation 206Bjork tracheal flap 533black hairy tongue 411Blair’s incision 392blindness 276blowout fracture 279B-mode sonography 646body-cover theory 470Boeck sarcoidosis 541bone-anchored hearing aid 36, 39bone marrow 623Botox (botulinum toxin) 512botulinum toxin 350, 394, 524boxer’s nose 202Boyce-Jackson position 461brachytherapy 675brain abscess 75, 77, 232, 253, 255

anterior commissure web 508anterior compartment group 694anterior craniofacial resection 302anterior ethmoidal foramen 166anterior ethmoidectomy 260anterior rhinoscopy 177, 635anterior septum 178anterior skull base defect 281anterior triangle 689antibiotics of choice 256anticholinergics 225antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) 198aphonia 507, 561aphthous stomatitis 417approximation laryngoplasty 577aromatic substance 173arthritis 545arytenoid cartilage 465arytenoidectomy 512, 520, 523ascending bacterial meningitis 281aspergillosis 475aspergillus flavus 251aspergillus fumigatus 249asphyxia 209Aspirin 222Aspirin intolerance 241asthma 221, 222, 241asymptomatic neck mass 604atopy 237atretic plate 209atrophic rhinitis 196, 217atypical mycobacteria 616audiometry 16

behavioural response – 135evoked response – 19masking – 16play audiometry – 135pure tone – 16speech – 17tone–speech dissociation – 17

audio recording 563auditory brainstem response 20auricle 35

basal cell carcinoma – 53cauliflower ear – 44chondrodermatitis nodularis chronica – 53keloids – 53keratoacanthoma – 53malformations – 35, 36malignant melanoma – 53perichondritis – 44reconstructive surgery – 40silicone epithesis – 40squamous cell carcinoma – 53

723Subject Index

brain herniation 281brainstem implants 137branchial cleft cyst and fistula 613branchial cleft cyst carcinoma 621branchial cyst and fistula 613Branhamella 229breathiness 564bronchoconstriction 173bronchoscope 530Brown’s sign 98Broyles’s ligament 462bucconasal membrane of Hochstetter 209bulbar palsy 560bulimia 344bulla ethmoidalis 178Burkitt’s lymphoma 623, 624, 625, 626

Ccacosmia 287Calcitonin 602caloric test 25canaliculus 267canalolithiasis 143cancer of the acoustic meatus 633cancer of the auricle 632cancer of the temporal bone 633Candida albicans 558candidosis 475canthotomy 276carbon dioxide (CO2) laser 489carboxymethylcellulose 371carbuncle 196carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CEPA) 383carotid artery 690cartilage destruction 545caruncula 645cat scratch disease 353, 356caustic ingestion 450cavernous sinus 296cavernous sinus thrombosis 255celecoxib 490cephalocele 193cepstrum analysis 570cerebrospinal fluid leakage 199cervical mass 621cervical necrotising fasciitis 617cervical plexus 702cevimeline 371CHARGE 209chemodectoma 617chemoreceptor 618chemotherapy 308, 671, 673childhood deafness 132

acquired – 133

after meningitis – 134conductive – 132congenital – 133diagnostic imaging – 135fitting of hearing aids – 136genetic testing – 135indications for cochlear implantation – 136neonatal screening – 134objective tests – 135progressive – 133risk factors – 133sensorineural – 133subjective tests – 135

children 615choanal atresia 209cholesteatoma 71, 73

acquired – 70complications – 74congenital – 70iatrogenic – 72pars flaccida – 70pars tensa – 70petrous bone – 100postoperative of the external auditory canal – 52surgical treatment – 72

cholesterol granuloma 102chondroma 495, 547chondrosarcoma 495chromagranin 494chromones 225chronic gingivitis 412chronic invasive fungal sinusitis 252chronic lymphatic leukaemia (CLL) 624chronic lymph node disease 616chronic obstructive sialadenitis (COS) 346chronic pharyngitis 435chronic rhinitis 215chronic rhinosinusitis 237chronic tonsillitis 435chylous fistula 705chylous leak 702cidofovir 490cisternography 282classification of allergic rhinitis (ARIA) 221classification of thyroid carcinoma 606CO2 laser 489, 529cochlear implant 26, 29, 136, 138

position of the electrodes – 26Cogan’s syndrome 116, 119colloid goitre 593colour-coded duplex sonography 647combination laryngoplasty 581, 582comorbid disease 671complicated sinusitis 256

724 Subject Index

Ddacryocystoceles 265dacryocystographies 265dacryocystorhinostomy 265deep lobe 336Delphian node 467dental hygienist 678dermoid cyst 615descending palatine artery 205diabetes 195diagnostic procedures: recommended european

standard 231diagnostic tests for allergic rhinitis 223diagnostic tonsillectomy 626digastric muscle 690digital volume tomography (DVT) 632diphtheria 430diplophonia 564, 566diplopia 271direct laryngoscopy 527distant metastases 630DNA molecule 674drooling 399ductal stenosis 354ductoplasty 363ductotomy 363dura mater 281dynamic scintigraphy of lymphatic drainage 648dyschylia 340dysosmia 287dysphagia 377, 378, 499, 520, 521, 522, 617dysphonia 477, 483, 484, 489, 499, 507, 511, 555, 560,

561, 564polyp – 484

dysphonia severity index (DSI) 573dysplasia 478, 479dyspnea 377, 378dyspnoea 505, 507, 511

EEagle syndrome 59ear 630earache 10, 11, 59

referred – 11EBV 328EBV serology 623electrocochleography 19, 117electroglottography (EGG) 570, 572electrolaryngography 572electromyography 474, 524, 537, 557, 572electron 675electroneurography 350embolisation 616emphysema 534, 542encephaloceles 284

computed tomography 603concha bullosa 190concomitant chemoradiation 684conduction smell loss 288congenital malformation 713conjunctivitis 227contrast harmonic imaging 648conventional radiography 26

Schüller projection – 26conventional x-ray imaging 658cordectomy 480, 501, 512, 523, 576cordotomy 486, 559core biopsy 647corniculate cartilage 465cortical bone 656corticosteroid 224Corynebacterium 238Costen syndrome 59Cottle’s test 183cranial nerve X 519craniopharyngioma 328crepitation 177cribriform plate 166, 282cricoarytenoid cartilage 524cricoid cartilage 465cricoid split 514cricopharyngeal bar 448cricopharyngeus muscle 469cricothyroid membrane 466cricothyroidotomy 532, 533cricotracheal membrane 465cricotracheal stenosis 514crista ethmoidalis 166crista galli 161, 193, 282Crouzon’s and Apert’s Syndrome 410cryosurgery 494CSF leak 281CSF leakage 263, 272CT 621, 636, 638, 648, 653, 672CT and MRI in cancer assessment 664CT-sialography 346cuneiform cartilage 465cupped grabbing biopsy forceps 529cupulolithiasis 143curative dose 677curative versus palliative intention 672cyanosis 209cyst 607cystic fibrosis 174, 247cystic hygroma 616cystic metastases 615cytogenetic marker 625cytomegalovirus (CMV) 355cytoplasmic-staining antineutrophil cytoplasmic

antibodies (c-ANCA) 198

725Subject Index

endocranial hypertension 282endonasal microendoscopic surgery 303endoscopic nasal bipolar electrocautery 207endoscopic pituitary gland surgery 293endoscopy 635endotracheal goitre 551enophthalmos 276enophthalmus 705eosinophilia 185epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) 671epidermoid cyst 421, 486epidural abscess 255epiglottis 463

oedema – 507epiglottitis 475, 476, 544, 715epiphora 265, 276epistaxis 199, 205, 294Epstein-Barr virus 197Erysipela 195erythematosus lupus 477Escherichia coli 355ethmoidal arteries 161ethmoidal bulla 163ethmoidal infundibulum 163ethmoid bullae 193european position paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal

polyps (EPOS) 238euthyroid 593, 604Ewing’s point 181examination of the paranasal sinuses 181exophthalmos 589expansion laryngoplasty 577external auditory canal 3

atresia – 33cholesteatoma – 52clinical anatomy – 3exostoses – 50infection – 45lateral stenosis – 52osteomas – 50squamous cell carcinoma – 91varicella zoster vesicles – 105

external irradiation 675extranodal lymphatic area 623

Ffacial ache 311facial artery 690facial nerve 333, 334, 398, 644

paralysis – 345reconstruction – 393repair – 352

facial palsy 351facial paralysis 75, 86, 152

Bell’s phenomenon – 147

decompression surgery – 151delayed – 152due to trauma – 86electromyography – 149electroneuronography – 149electrophysiological evaluation – 148House–Brackmann grading system – 149iatrogenic – 155idiopathic – 147immediate – 152Schirmer test – 148topognostic – 148traumatic – 152

facial synkinesis 394facial trauma 271false-negative result 660falx cerebri 161fasciae of the neck 687fiberoptic endoscope 178fibre-optic laryngoscope 499fibrin glue 283fibroglioma 617fibroma 496fibrous dysplasia 292field cancerisation 678fine-needle aspiration (FNA) 621fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy 346fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology 604, 614, 639fine-needle biopsy 397first-bite syndrome 400fissured tongue 411fistula 15, 74

Hennebert’s sign – 76of the lateral semicircular canal – 74perilymphatic – 115test – 15

fistula, labyrinthine 74flexible bronchoscopy 530flexible endoscope 557flexible oesophagoscopy 642flexible tracheobronchoscopy 644floor of the mouth 407, 680floor of the mouth carcinoma 422flow glottography 567flow-volume loop 567fluorescence diagnosis of neoplasm 651FNA 604FNA biopsy 645foetal endocardial fibroelastosis 355follicular carcinoma 597, 605follicular lymphoma (FL) 624fontanelle 167food-induced rhinitis 216fractional dose 677fractionation in radiotherapy 674

726 Subject Index

haemangiopericytoma 491haematoma 608Haemophilus influenzae 229, 253, 475, 476haemotympanum 62, 81, 86, 125hair cell 7

inner – 7, 9, 135outer – 7, 9, 135

hairy leucoplakia 417Haller’s cells 192hamartoma 495, 496handling of tissue side effects 677hard palate 425harmonics-to-noise ratio 570harshness 564Hashimoto’s thyroiditis 587headache 255, 294, 311hearing aid 138

fitting in children – 141implantable – 140semi-implantable – 139technology – 138

hearing loss 16, 17conductive – 16, 17mixed – 16sensorineural – 16, 17

heat shock protein E7 490Heerfort’s disease 366hemiglossectomy 501hemithyroidectomy 599, 609Hennebert’s sign 12, 15HER-2 receptor 684herpangina 416herpes zoster 416herpetic gingival stomatitis 415heterosmia 287hiatus semilunaris 188high-speed single-line scanning 566histopathological grading 630histoplasma 355Hitselberger sign 94hoarseness 489, 505, 555, 564Hodgkin’s lymphoma 623holmium:YAG laser 362Horner’s syndrome 705human papilloma virus (HPV) 489, 671Hunter’s glossitis 412Hürtle cell carcinoma 606hydatid disease 366hydrophilic odorant 174hydrophobic odorant 174hyperacusis 113, 122, 128hyperbaric oxygen 617hypercalciuria 589hyperfractionation 675hyperosmia 287

Frey’s syndrome 392, 394, 400frontal cell 188frontal recess 164, 187, 261frontal recess opening 260frontal sinus 272, 305frontal sinus fracture 272frontal sinus outflow tract 272frozen section 607functional endoscopic sinus surgery 259, 314functional neck dissection 702functional test 638fungal infection 678fungal rhinosinusitis 249, 312furuncle 196furunculosis 196Fusobacterium spp. 238

Ggadolinium 656gag reflex 528galea-periost flap 273gastroesophageal reflux 217Gastrografin 523gastrooesophageal reflux disease 449Gellé’s test 631gestation 595giant cell tumour 495glioma 617global initiative for asthma (GINA) 223globus 639glomus vagale 346glossoepiglottic vallecula 464glottic closure reflex 470glottic laryngeal stenosis 508glottis 462, 487

mucosal disease – 483symptom – 483

goitre 589, 593, 602Goldenhar’s syndrome 35, 713gothic palate 324Gould-Hirano technique 480Gradenigo’s syndrome 58, 76, 102granular cell tumour 494Graves’s disease 587, 589great auricular nerve (GAN) 401Griesinger’s sign 77Guillain-Barré syndrome 520gunshot injuries 350gustatory hyperhydrosis 400gustatory rhinitis 216gustatory test 638

HH1 antihistamines 224haemangioma 345, 376, 421, 491, 615

727Subject Index

hyperreactivity of the airway 713hypersalivation 341hypersialia 341hypertrophic laryngitis 480hypocalcemia 609hypoparathyroidism 467hypopharynx 427, 682

anatomy – 468clinical examination – 537imaging – 537soft tissues – 469

hyposalivation 340hyposecretion 342hyposmia 287hypothyroidism 218

IIgE-mediated allergy 222imaging 653imaging for radiotherapy 675imaging keypoints in tumour evaluation 666imaging technique 638immobilisation and positioning 676immotile cilia syndrome 218immune suppression 595immunotherapy in children 226incidence 671indolent invasive fungal sinusitis 252indoor pollution 222infectious mononucleosis 436infectious thyroiditis 594inferior semilunar hiatus 163inferior turbinate 168, 178inflammatory disease 346inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour 496influenza 355infrahyoid triangle 690infratemporal fossa 296injection laryngoplasty 577inspection 630insufflation technique 528intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) 307interarytenoid scar bridge 511interferon 491internal carotid artery 170international classification of headache disorders 311international committee for the standardisation of

rhinomanometry 183interventional procedure 658interventional radiology 615interventional sialendoscopy 362intraoperative electron beam radiotherapy

(IOERT) 307intraoperative high-dose-rate (IOHDR)

brachytherapy 307

intrathoracic goitre 594invasive fungal rhinosinusitis 251inverted papilloma 213, 293iodide 590iodine 591, 602Isshiki manoeuvre 563itching 215Itraconazole 251

Jjet anaesthesia 510jet ventilator 715juvenile angiofibroma 327juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma 292

KKaposi’s sarcoma 417Kartagener’s syndrome 174, 237Kelly clamp 277keratinised papillomas 488keratosis obturans 51Keros classified 165Kerrison rongeur 267Kiesselbach area 205Killian’s triangle 446, 469Klebsiella ozaenae 196Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. ozenae 217Koch’s bacillus 475

Llabial gland biopsy 397labyrinthitis 63, 75

conservative treatment – 108haematogenic – 108meningogenic – 108otogenic – 108viral – 107

lacrimal bone 161, 169lacrimal pathway

postsaccal stenosis – 265saccal obstruction – 265

lacrimal sump syndrome 269lamina cribrosa 161lamina papyracea 161, 193, 260lamina propria 483, 491laryngeal electromyography (LEMG) 474, 521laryngeal framework surgery 576, 581laryngeal haemangiomas 491laryngeal joint 465laryngeal nerve paralysis 520laryngeal oedema 608laryngeal tuberculosis 545laryngeal tumour 487laryngectomy 501, 508, 718laryngitis 475, 544, 558, 559

728 Subject Index

tumour – 487, 545ultrasound – 538

laser cordectomy 508laser wavelength 480lateral nasal wall 187lateral neck cyst/fistula 613, 615lateral parotidectomy 392lateral rhinotomy 309late side effects 677le Fort I 273le Fort II 274le Fort III 274le Fort’s fracture 199leiomyoblastoma 492leiomyoma 492lethal midline granuloma 627leukotriene antagonists 244leukotriene receptor antagonists 225limitations and pitfalls with CT and MRI 667lingual artery 690lingual cyst 429lingual thyroid 410lip carcinoma 423lipoma 492, 618lips 679lithotripsy 365local antihistamines 224local/regional anaesthesia 719locus Valsalva 205lower jugular 694Ludwig’s angina 414lumbar drainage 283lung transplantation 218Lyapunov coefficient 570Lyme disease 120, 151lympangiomas 421lymphadenopathy 344, 499, 615, 616lymphangioma 615, 616lymphatic drainage 678lymphatic drainage of the head and neck 690lymphatic metastase 387lymphatic vessel invasion 630lymph node 615, 623lymph node levels of the neck 691lymph node TNM classification 650lymphoedema 705lymphoma 621lymphoscintigraphy 649lyophilised fascia lata 283

MMACIS score 607Madelung’s disease 618

laryngocele 462, 543, 615laryngocoele 497laryngo-epipharyngoscope 178laryngopharyngeal reflux 477, 557, 559laryngopharynx

anatomy – 468laryngoplasty 563, 577laryngoscopy 473, 527

biopsy – 529complications – 529flexible fibre-optic – 473patient positioning – 528

laryngospasm 473larynx 627, 682

adenoid cystic carcinoma – 546anatomy – 461angiofibroma – 546cancer – 499changes caused by surgery – 549chondroma – 495, 547computed tomography – 538conventional radiography – 538cyst – 496digital subtraction angiography – 538endoscopic examination – 473endoscopy – 527fibroma – 546fibrosarcoma – 546foreign bodies – 547imaging – 537inflammation – 558ipoma – 492irradiation tumour – 501leiomyoma – 492lipoma – 546magnetic resonance imaging – 539malformations – 547mirror examination – 473nerve disorders – 519nerve supply – 467oncocytoma – 493papilloma/polyp – 547pathology – 541preservation – 501pseudoneoplastic lesion – 496recurrent nerve paresis – 547rhabdomyoma – 492, 546rhabdomyosarcoma – 546salivary gland tumour – 493skeletal framework – 463total extirpation – 549toxic inhalation – 477trauma – 503, 531, 547

729Subject Index

malformations of the inner ear 33, 37malformations of the middle ear 36

functional surgery – 39malignant external otitis 47

imaging technique – 48prevention – 48therapy – 48

malignant lymphoma 615, 623malignant melanoma 621, 633malignant sinonasal tumour histologies 301malignant transformation 615malocclusion 271MALT lymphoma 627mandibulectomy 390, 394mandibulo-stylohyloid ligament 334manometry 444mantle-cell lymphoma 625, 626mappy tongue 411marsupialization 360masking 16mastoiditis 62

acute – 63masked – 63

maxillary artery 690maxillary ostium 167maxillary rhinosinusitis 229maxillary sinus 167, 262, 635maxillectomy 390, 394maximum phonation time (MPT) 566medial maxillectomy 294median neck cyst/fistula 613, 615medullary carcinoma 597medullary thyroid cancer 606Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome 106, 151, 420Mendelsohn manoeuvre 522Ménière’s disease 19, 24, 116, 117

conservative treatment – 118Meniett device – 118semiconservative treatment – 118surgical treatment – 118

meningitis 255, 272meningoencephaloceles 284metastatic carcinoma 615metastatic lymph node 500methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

(MRSA) 196methotrexate 501microcalcification 249microdebrider 259, 490microlaryngoscopy 557, 640, 717microneurovasculature-free flap 673microscopic laryngoscope 528middle ear and translabyrinthine neurosurgery 719

middle ear effusion 329middle jugular 694middle meatal antrostomy 260middle meatus 187middle turbinate 161, 178midfacial degloving 302midline granuloma 197minitracheostomy 532minor salivary gland 337

surgery – 399miosis 705mitomycin C 509, 514Möbius syndrome 151modified radical neck dissection 702molecular targeted therapy 684Mondini dysplasia 34, 107monoclonal antibody 671mononucleosis 626Moraxella catarrhalis 253morbidity 702MRI 621, 636, 638, 648, 654, 672MR sialography 350mucocele 238, 272, 284, 312mucociliary clearance 174mucociliary function 184mucormycosis 251mucosa-associated lymphoma (MALT) 624multifocal 605mumps 353, 354muscleplasty 393muscle relaxants 715muscle tension dysphonia 560muscle tension imbalance 561myasthenia gravis 560mycobacterium tuberculosis 366myeloperoxidase (MPO) ANCA 198mylohyoid nerve 336myotomy 524myringectomy 716myringitis 56

bullous – 56chronic – 56

myringoplasty 67endaural approach – 67fat graft – 68retroauricular approach – 67underlay – 68

myringotomy 59, 72, 78, 82myxoedema 587, 589

NNager syndrome 713nasal air filtration 174

730 Subject Index

nuchal rigidity 255nuclear protein inhibitor 684nutritionist 678nystagmus 12, 15

central – 25peripheral – 25positional – 25postural – 25spontaneous – 25

Oobstructive sleep apnoea syndrome 323occupational allergy 184occupational asthma 216, 221occupational rhinitis 216, 221oedema 589oedematous subglottic laryngitis 476oesophageal atresia 444oesophageal neoplasm 453oesophageal perforation 451oesophagogastroduodenoscopy 557oesophagoscopy 642oesophagus 443office examination 473olfaction 174olfactory test 288omohyoid muscle 690oncocytic carcinoma 606oncocytoma 376, 493oncological modalities 673Onodi cell 164, 192open biopsy 621oral cavity 405, 626oral cavity and oropharynx 637oral cavity proper 405oral vestibule 405orbital abscess 255orbital abscess meningitis 232orbital cellulitis 232, 255orbital complication 253, 254orbital floor 279orchitis 355oropharynx 425Orphan Annie eyes 604ossicular fixation 66ossicular resorption 66ossiculoplasty 68ossifying fibromas 293osteomyelitis 254ostiomeatal complex 164, 191otalgia 11

referred – 11otitis media 14

acute – 58adhesive – 69

nasal and sublingual-swallow specific immunotherapy 226

nasal cavity 161, 178, 627nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses 683nasal cycle 173nasal cytology 184nasal decongestants 225nasal endoscopy 178, 253, 287, 313nasal examination 223nasal fracture 198nasal inspiratory peak flow 213nasal obstruction 221nasal polyposis 241nasal polyposis in children 247nasal resistance 173nasendoscope 530nasogastric tube 678nasolacrimal duct 166, 265nasomucociliary clearance 214naso-orbital-ethmoid (NOE) fracture 276nasopharyngeal carcinoma 328nasopharyngeal fibroma 327nasopharyngitis 321nasopharyngoscopy 180nasopharynx 173, 178, 319, 681Nd:YAG laser 491neck 645neck dissection 306, 390, 394, 398neck mass 621necrotising sialometaplasia 494Neisseria catarrhalis 355neoplasm 354, 383, 387nerve tissue tumour 492neural smell loss 288neurapraxia 519, 520neurilemoma 493, 617neurinoma formation 702neurofibroma 492, 617neurofibromatosis 493, 617neuroma 617neuromuscular surgery 582, 583neuronitis 520neuropathy 370, 372neurotmesis 519nitric oxide (NO) 174, 214, 222nonallergic noninfectious perennial rhinitis

(NANIPER) 217nonallergic rhinitis 215nonallergic rhinitis eosinophilic syndrome

(NARES) 185, 217nondisplaced fracture 200non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma 499, 624nonspecific nasal hyperreactivity 222nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) 216,

222

731Subject Index

chronic with cholesteatoma – 70chronic without cholesteatoma – 64complications – 74with effusion – 60

otitis nigra 62otoacoustic emissions 20, 135

distortion product – 20evoked – 20spontaneous – 20

otoliquorrhoea 110otomycosis 46otorhinoliquorrhoea 110otosclerosis 82

cochlear – 83far-advanced – 82incidence – 82Schwartze sign – 83stapedectomy – 84stapedotomy – 84very far-advanced – 82

otoscopy 14pneumatic – 14, 68, 98

ototoxicity 129audiometric monitoring – 129topical preparations – 130

outdoor allergen 221overall treatment time 677oxyhaemoglobin 490ozaenae 196ozone 222

Ppaediatric ENT patient 713pain 635palate 425palatine bone 168palpation 630, 638, 672pancreatitis 355, 370papillary carcinoma 597, 604papillary keratosis 488papilloma 491

virus-induced – 547papillomatosis 481papilloma virus 479paradoxical middle turbinate 190paraganglioma 97, 494, 615, 618

classification of Fisch – 99infratemporal fossa approach – 99jugulotympanic – 97tympanic – 97

parainfluenza virus 355paralaryngeal abscess 544paralysis 519paralysis of a vocal cord 608paramyxoviral infection 343

paramyxovirus 354paranasal sinus 161, 173, 627parapharyngeal abscess 433, 544, 617parapharyngeal space (PPS) 335parathyroid 602, 607parathyroid carcinoma 621paresis 519Parkinson’s disease 560parotid bed. 334parotid duct 334parotidectomy 390, 392, 394, 398, 400parotid gland

haemangioma – 377malignoma – 388neoplasm – 377

parotid glands 683parotid lymph node 334parotid trauma 350parotitis 344partial ductal stenosis 344patch test 14patient positioning 528patulous tube 6, 15pemphigus 477Pendred syndrome 133, 134Peptostreptococcus spp. 238percutaneous tracheostomy 532perichondritis 545periodicity analysis 570periorbita 306periorbital cellulitis 255periorbital haematomas 269peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) 624peritonsillary abscess 432perturbation measures 569PET 659PET-CT 621, 659PET radionuclide 660petrositis 76pharmacological management and drug effects on the

symptoms of allergic rhinitis 224pharyngeal phlegmon 716pharyngolaryngoscopy 500pharynx

computed tomography – 538conventional radiography – 538digital subtraction angiography – 538magnetic resonance imaging – 539pathology – 541ultrasound – 538

phonation 524efficiency – 567

phonation air flow 566, 567phonatory leakage 521phonetic selection 564

732 Subject Index

Proteus mirabilis 238proton 676pseudocapsule 383pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia 494pseudo-Krupp 550, 551Pseudomonas aeruginosa 238, 355pseudomyxomatous laryngitis 478pseudo-rhinorrhea 281pseudotumour 551pterygoid fascia 335pterygoids 296pterygomaxillary fossa 170pterygopalatine fossa 296ptosis 705ptyalism 341Pug nose 202purified protein derivative (PPD) 366purulent rhinorrhea 249pyriform sinus 427

Qquality of life 183Quincke’s oedema 477

Rradiation damage 674, 678radical neck dissection 695radiobiology 673radiochemotherapy 389radioiodine therapy 607radionuclide scanning 603radiosensitivity 674radiotherapy 306, 673, 674Radkowski classification 296Ramsay Hunt syndrome 105, 147ranula 366Rathke’s pouch 328Raynaud’s phenomenon 370R classification 630receptor tyrokinase inhibitor 684Recklinghausen’s disease 617reconstructive surgery 582, 583, 719recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) 467, 601, 607recurrent parotitis 356recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) 489redistribution 674reflections on surgery 672regeneration 674regional flap 673regional lymph node 629Reinke’s oedema 463, 478, 480, 485, 567Reinke’s space 462, 468, 484, 559, 576relapsing dacryocystitis 269relapsing polychondritis 44

phonetography 571phonomicrosurgery 575phonosurgery 575photon 675Pierre Robin anomaly 410Pierre Robin syndrome 35, 713pilocarpine 371pituitary tumour 592plasmablastic lymphoma 626plasmocytoma 626pleiotropic hamartoma 495pleomorphic adenoma (PA) 375pleomorphic salivary adenoma 493Pneumocystis carinii 355pneumotachograph 567pneumothorax 509, 510, 516, 542pollutants 221polychondritis 477polymethylsiloxane elastomer 560polyneuropathy 372polyp 484polysensitisation 184positron emission tomography 603, 650posterior commissure stenosis 509, 511posterior ethmoidal cell 164posterior ethmoidal foramen 166posterior ethmoidectomy 260posterior fossa 688posterior rhinoscopy 177, 635posterior triangle 687posterior triangle group 694postoperative care 263postoperative radiotherapy 677posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorders 627posttreatment image interpretation 667posttreatment imaging 663potassium triphosphate laser 480Pott’s puffy tumour 243, 254pregnancy 227, 595pregnancy rhinitis 216preoperative radiotherapy 677presaccal stenosis 269presbyacusis 130presbyphonia 581prestyloid space 335pretracheal fascia 533pretreatment image interpretation 665pretreatment imaging 662prevertebral fascia 702Prevotella spp. 238primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) 174, 218primary headache 311prognose 633proteinase 3 (PR3) ANCA 198

733Subject Index

relaxation laryngoplasty 577Rendu-Weber-Osler syndrome 491reoxygenation 674repair 674retraction pockets 68retromolar trigone carcinoma 423retropharyngeal abscess 325, 617retropharyngeal node 678retropharyngeal space infection 434retrosternal goitre 607retrostyloid space 335rhabdomyoma 492rheumatoid arthritis 477rhinitis medicamentosa 216rhinomanometry 183, 213, 636rhinophonia 564, 571rhinophonia clausa 323rhinorrhea 221rhinoscopy 177, 213, 287rhinosinusitis 312Rhizopus 251Riedel’s thyroiditis 594rigid bronchoscope 530rigid bronchoscopy 531rigid oesophagoscopy 642rigid telescope 178, 473rigid tracheobronchoscopy 644rima glottidis 462rima olfactoria 170Rinne test 16Rosenmüller’s fossa 319Rothenberg mask 567roughness 564Rouvier’s node 470Rowe-Killey forceps 275

Ssaccharin transit time test 184saccule 462saddle-nose deformity 196, 202saliva

abnormal function – 340composition – 340diurnal variation – 339drugs – 339dysfunction – 339functions – 340

saliva leakage 349salivary cancer 343salivary duct obstruction 358salivary duct repair 351salivary fistula 400salivary gland 339, 626, 644

anatomy – 333

functional testing – 341neoplasm – 387stage grouping – 390surgery – 397swelling – 343TNM staging – 389trauma – 349tumour – 375wound debridement – 351

salivary gland carcinoma 621salivary hypofunction 341salivary stone 358salivary tumour 345Samter’s triad 244sarcoidosis 366, 477sarcoma 621Scarlet fever 431Schmincke-Regaud tumour 328schwannoma 346, 492, 617sclerotherapy 616secondary carcinoma 629secondary ciliary dyskinesia 184, 237secondary headache 311selective neck dissection 703sensitivity 604sensorial smell loss 288sensorineural hearing loss 355sentinel node 649sentinel node imaging 621septal deviations 213septal haematoma 199, 201septal perforation 196septicaemia 475septoplasty 201serum-specific IgE 215, 223sialadenitis 346, 391, 398sialectasis 354, 356sialendoscopy 354, 356, 358, 359, 363

anaesthesia – 361training – 365

sialoadenosis 391sialocele 351, 400sialochemistry 342, 373sialoendoscopy 342, 346, 350, 398sialography 346, 358, 372sialolithiasis 354, 356, 358, 365, 391sialometry 341, 373, 645sialorrhoea 341, 343, 344, 399sialosemeiology 645sialosis 372sicca symptom 371sicca syndrome 370singer’s node 463sinus puncture 229

734 Subject Index

stroboscopic 486stroboscopy 537, 559, 561, 565, 574, 576, 640stuffy nose 213Sturge-Weber dyscrasia 491styloid muscles 334stylomandibular ligament 334, 336subacute granulomatous thyroiditis 594subacute thyroiditis 594subclavian artery 705subcutaneous 271subcutaneous immunotherapy 226subdural abscess 255subdural-epidural abscess 232subglottal air pressure 567subglottic cancer 639subglottic laryngeal stenosis 514subglottic laryngitis 476subglottis 463, 487sublingual gland

anatomy – 337surgery – 399

submandibular abscess 617submandibular duct 336submandibular gland 335, 363

surgery – 398submandibular lymph node 336submandibular space abscess 414submandibular swelling 353submandibulectomy 352, 394submucosal growth 638subperiosteal abscess 255substitution voices 573subtotal parotidectomy 393sulcus vergeture 558sulphur dioxide 222superficial lobe 336superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) 333,

363, 401superior laryngeal nerve 467superior thyroid artery 690superior turbinate 162supraclavicular fossa 705supraglottic cancer 500, 639supraglottic laryngeal stenosis 507supraglottis 462, 466, 487supraomohyoid neck dissection 703suprastomal tracheal stenosis 515supreme turbinate 162surgical technique 695swallowing 444swelling 343sympathetic trunk 688symptoms of ABRS and diagnostic guidelines 230synaptophysin 494

SIT in children 226Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) 342, 343, 344, 369, 397, 419,

645skier’s nose 216skin prick test 223smell 287smell identification test (UPSIT) 185smoking 671sneezing 215, 221sniffing position 528sodium fluorescein 272, 281

intrathecal – 284soft palate 177, 425sono-CT real-time compound imaging 648sonographically controlled FNA cytology 646sonographic criteria 646spasmodic dysphonias 573spasmodic laryngitis 476specific IgE 288specific immunotherapy 225specificity 604spectrogram 568sphenoethmoidal recess 189, 262sphenoid 169sphenoidotomy 260sphenoid sinus 180, 284sphenopalatine artery 205spina bifida 617S. pneumoniae 253squamous cell carcinoma 388, 545, 621, 633, 634, 637squamous epithelial carcinoma 671squamous papillomas 487, 488, 490staging (larynx) 643staging (lip, oral cavity) 639staging (nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses) 637staging (nasopharynx) 636staging of lymphoma 624staging (oropharynx, hypopharynx) 639, 644stapedial reflex 14, 18Staphylococcus 355Staphylococcus aureus 196, 253stenosis 363, 507Stensen’s duct 345, 356Stensen’s papilla 354, 363sternal notch 461sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) 401, 461stones 356stool softeners 283Streptococcus milleri 238Streptococcus pneumoniae 229, 253, 355Streptococcus pyogenes 195strictures of the salivary duct 358stridor 468stridulous laryngitis 476

735Subject Index

synechia 480synechiae 269syphilis 413, 475systemic corticosteroids 244systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) 369systemic steroid therapy 615

TT1-weighted image 656T2-weighted image 656T3 (triiodothyronine) 602T4 (thyroxine) 602target definition 675taste sensation 408taxanes 501T-cell lymphoma 625T-cell origin 623techniques of neck dissection 687telecanthus 276temporal bone 85

gunshot lesions – 85tensioning laryngoplasty 577tensor veli palatini fascia 335thermal relaxation time 481thick-needle biopsy 621thoracic duct 705three-dimensional sonography 648thyroglossal 613thyroglossal duct cyst carcinoma 621thyroid autoantibodies 593thyroid carcinoma 597, 602, 621thyroid cartilage 464thyroidectomy 467, 521, 561, 590, 598thyroid isthmus 533thyroiditis 587, 591thyroid nodule 602thyroid regulation 595thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) 602thyroid tissue 615thyroplasty 560, 577, 578thyrotomy 508thyrotoxicosis 589, 590, 591, 593, 595thyrotoxicosis factitia 591thyrotropin receptor 591thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) 602tinnitus 120

objective – 120subjective – 121treatment – 123

tissue harmonic imaging 648T-/NK-cell lymphoma 627TNM classification 629, 636, 639, 643TNM status 672tobacco smoke 174

tongue 406, 679tongue base 427tongue base tumour 441tonsil 426tonsil carcinoma 440tonsillectomy 437, 716topical anaesthesia 178, 265Tornwaldt’s cyst 319total dose 677total IgE 288total parotidectomy 393toxic adenoma 591Toynbee’s manoeuvre 14trachea

biopsy – 532computed tomography – 538conventional radiography – 538digital subtraction angiography – 538imaging – 537magnetic resonance imaging – 539trauma – 503trauma-induced changes – 550tumour – 551ultrasound – 538

tracheal stenosis 514tracheitis 550tracheobronchitis 550tracheobronchoscopy 515, 530, 644tracheomalacia 531tracheooesophageal fistula 445tracheoscope 531tracheostoma

scar/fistula – 534tracheostomy 509, 512, 515, 527, 532, 533, 705tracheotomy 508, 509, 510, 532, 608transillumination 181translocation 625transmeatal puncture 181transoral telescope 576Treacher Collins-Franceschetti syndrome 35Treacher Collins syndrome 410, 713treatment guidelines for acute sinusitis 233treatment of allergic rhinitis (ARIA) 226treatment of concomitant rhinitis and asthma 226treatment recommendation 684treatment volume 675Trendelenburg position 282triad 217triangles of the neck 687trigeminal nerve 189trigeminal neuralgia 312triplophonia 566trismus 617trousseau tracheal dilators 533

736 Subject Index

vasculitis 370vasomotor/idiopathic rhinitis 217vasomotor rhinitis 217venous invasion 630ventilating tubes 62, 72venturi mask 715vertebral plexus 705vertigo 12

benign paroxysmal positional – 143vestibular

compensation – 142neuritis – 142schwannomas – 93vestibular myogenic potentials – 26

vestibular aqueduct 6large – 6, 10, 34, 39, 133

vestibulum 178video cinematography 537videokymography 566videolaryngostroboscopy 564videostroboscopy 566Vidian nerve 189Vincent’s angina 430virtual endoscopy 539visible speech 568vitiligo 589vocal cord 462, 470, 480

cyst – 486paralysis – 520, 522, 523structure – 483

vocal cord laterofixation 608vocal ligament 466vocal nodule 483voice

disorder – 555, 563handicap index – 572laboratory – 563, 572

self-evaluation – 572misuse – 486problem – 555production – 566

aerodynamic analysis – 566recording – 564sample – 563

voice misuse 477voice range profile 571vomer 171vomiting 255

WWaardenburg syndrome 35Waldeyer’s tonsillar ring 426Walsham forceps 200Warthin’s duct 346

TSH 587, 609T staging 634T staging (glottis) 643T staging (hypopharynx) 643T staging (lip, oral cavity) 639T staging (maxillary sinus) 636T Staging (nasal cavity and ethmoid sinus) 636T staging (nasopharynx) 636T staging (oropharynx) 639T staging (subglottis) 643T staging (supraglottis) 643tuberculosis 353, 354, 475, 541, 617Tullio’s phenomenon 12tumour classification 634tumour thickness 622Tuning fork tests 16turbinal hypertrophy 183tympanic membrane 4, 8

central perforations – 65lateralization – 50marginal perforation – 71otoscopy – 4, 14traumatic perforations – 55

tympanic neurectomy 351tympanic plexus 335tympanometry 17tympanoplasty 67

endaural approach – 67with mastoidectomy – 67without mastoidectomy – 67

tympanosclerosis 66

UUICC system of staging 303ultrasonography 230, 645ultrasound 603, 614, 658ultrasound examination 621uncinate process 163, 178, 188, 191uncinectomy 260unilateral paresis 521unilateral rhinorrhea 177unknown primary tumour 661upper jugular group 693urban-type pollution 222uveoparotid fever 366

Vvaccination 284vagal nerve 618, 697vagus nerve 519

paralysis – 521Valsalva manoeuvre 15, 68, 462, 470van der Hoeve syndrome 84vascular malformation 616

737Subject Index

Warthin’s tumour (WT) 375watchful waiting 232Weber’s test 631Weber test 16Wegener’s granulomatosis 62, 119, 196, 198, 420, 478,

541Wharton’s duct 345, 356, 362, 363white pachydermia 478WHO classification 624Widal 217Wood’s (blue) light 282

Xxenobiotics 503xerophthalmia 369

xerostomia 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 369, 644, 678Xylocaine 361

YYAG laser 718Young’s procedure 197Young’s syndrome 184

ZZenker’s diverticulum 446, 469, 520, 523, 524zoster oticus 105

treatment – 105zygomatic-maxillary complex (ZMC) fracture 277zygomatic process 167