Sub-Saharan Africa (cont’d) Desertification Desertification Deforestation Deforestation Population and Settlement Population and Settlement Cultural Coherence.

Sub-Saharan Africa (cont’d)

Desertification Deforestation Population and Settlement Cultural Coherence and Diversity European Imprint Economic and Social Development

For Next Class: Read Chapter 7 (pp. 296-308)

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Desertification in the Sahel

• Sahel– Zone of

ecological transition

– Transhumance

• Desertification– Prolonged

drought– Overgrazing– Colonial influence

on agricultureSahel in Bloom


Deforestation

• Issues – Increased run off– Soil erosion– Wildlife habitat– Hardship

• NGOs – Green Belt

Movement– Experiments with

bambooPlanting Bamboo


4

Food Insecurity

• Global climate change

• Highly vulnerable regions

• Famine

Figure 6.14

Mapping food insecurity


5

Population and Settlement

Figure 6.18

• Scattered rural populations

• Physiological density– # of people

per unit of arable land

• Agricultural density– # of farmers

per unit of arable land


6

Demographic Indicators – Fertility

Figure 6.15

• High TFR• Declining family size

Large family in Senegal


7

HIV/AIDS

Figure 6.16

• High rates of infection

• Social and economic implications

• Antiretroviral therapies

• AIDS prevention education


8

Settlement Patterns – Rural

• Subsistence Agriculture– Swidden

• Plantation Agriculture

• Pastoralism– Tsetse Flies

Figure 6.19

Coffee in Ethiopia

Pastoralists with camels

Figure 6.20


9

Settlement Patterns – Urban

• Pre-Colonial urban networks

• Rapidly growingFigure 6.21

Growing urban poor in Luanda, Angola

• Urban to rural migration

• Slums, crime, traffic


10

Cultural Coherence and Diversity

• Sub-Saharan African identity– Slavery– Colonialism– Struggles for independence

and development

• Diverse political, religious, and language systems

CommonHistory


11

Linguistic Diversity

Figure 6.25

Multilingual sign

Figure 6.27


12

Religious DiversityFigure 6.28

Muslim Landscape

Figure 6.29

Christian Landscape >


13

Globalization and African Culture

Figure 6.31


14

Globalization and African Culture

Figure 6.32

Music Festival in Mali

Figure 6.33

Distance runners of Kenya and Ethiopia

800 m World Record

David Rudisha – Kenya http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=YKEOjWEzVGs


16

European Imprint

Figure 6.35

Colonization in 1913

• Early European contact

• Berlin Conference– 1884,

likened to a game of Monopoly

• Pan-African Movement


17

Conflict and Population Movements

Figure 6.39


18

African Poverty Figure 6.42

Uncompetitive Industry

Figure 6.43

Lack of Infrastructure

• Colonialism• Structural Adjustment

Policies (SAPs)– Unsustainable Debt

• Food Policies• Corruption


19

Links to the Global Economy

Figure 6.45

• Aid vs. Investment


20

Social Development

Figure 6.48

African women in the workforce and politics

Ugandan school children

Figure 6.47


21

African Poverty Figure 6.42

Uncompetitive Industry

Figure 6.43

Lack of Infrastructure

• Colonialism• Structural Adjustment

Policies (SAPs)– Unsustainable Debt

• Food Policies• Corruption

Structural Adjustment Policies (SAPs)• SAPs have crippled Sub-Saharan African countries• Tied to neoliberal economic theory and

implemented by the IMF and World Bank• Four key elements:

Reschedule foreign debt payments Decrease state spending Increase exports Privatize economy

Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, and Wyckoff

24

Many have since advocated “Adjustment with a Human Face”• Gradualism in economic growth• Small-scale production• Shift in public spending to meet basic needs first• Target scarce state support to very poor• Community participation in covering costs

Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, and Wyckoff

25

Sub-Saharan Africa (cont’d) Desertification Desertification Deforestation Deforestation Population and Settlement Population and Settlement Cultural Coherence.

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