Sub-Regional MDGR: Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia, Slovenia Ben Slay, Susanne Milcher UNDP Regional Centre, Bratislava 26 April 2004.

Sub-Regional MDGR: Sub-Regional MDGR: Czech Republic, Czech Republic,

Hungary, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovakia, SloveniaSlovenia

Ben Slay, Susanne Ben Slay, Susanne MilcherMilcher

UNDP Regional Centre, UNDP Regional Centre, BratislavaBratislava

26 April 200426 April 2004

Why this presentation?Why this presentation?

For EU accession, UNDP Regional Centre For EU accession, UNDP Regional Centre (Bratislava), national teams, prepared: (Bratislava), national teams, prepared:– National MDGRs for four new EU states:National MDGRs for four new EU states:

Czech RepublicCzech Republic -- Hungary-- Hungary SlovakiaSlovakia -- Slovenia-- Slovenia

– Sub-regional Sub-regional chapeauchapeau comparing results comparing results Reports show how MDGRs adapted the Reports show how MDGRs adapted the

MDGs in four new EU countriesMDGs in four new EU countries– Focus on how the national teams adapted Focus on how the national teams adapted

MDGs to make them useful MDGs to make them useful

Report’s key messagesReport’s key messages

Adaption of MDGs to new EU Adaption of MDGs to new EU countries requires disaggregation, countries requires disaggregation, by:by:– Ethnicity (Roma)Ethnicity (Roma)– Sub-national regionsSub-national regions– GenderGender– Labour market statusLabour market status

Adaptation shows that MDGs:Adaptation shows that MDGs:– are useful even for developed countriesare useful even for developed countries– provide full picture of social exclusionprovide full picture of social exclusion– can complement tertiary EU social can complement tertiary EU social

inclusion indicatorsinclusion indicators

Goal 1: Eradicate Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and extreme poverty and

hungerhunger

Targets refocused on reducing Targets refocused on reducing relative poverty for vulnerable groupsrelative poverty for vulnerable groups – RomaRoma– Single mothersSingle mothers– Families with many childrenFamilies with many children– Long-term unemployed Long-term unemployed

Large sub-national discrepancies Large sub-national discrepancies magnify poverty risks for these magnify poverty risks for these groupsgroups

Poverty and labour Poverty and labour market status (Hungary, market status (Hungary,

2000)2000)

19%

26%

6% 5%4%

35%

10%

5% 6%3%

7%

46%

35%34%

8%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

Employed Unemployed Other inactive Pensioner Total

1991 1996 2000

Source: Gábos and Szivós (2002), on the basis of TÁRKI’s Source: Gábos and Szivós (2002), on the basis of TÁRKI’s Household Household MonitorMonitor

Note: Poverty line—50% of median household income (in Note: Poverty line—50% of median household income (in consumption units)consumption units)

Single mothers below Single mothers below national subsistence national subsistence

minima (%)minima (%)

1311

34.9

21

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Czech Republic Hungary

early 1990s

mid 1990s

Source: CESES and UNDP, Source: CESES and UNDP, Millennium Development Goals Report, Czech RepublicMillennium Development Goals Report, Czech Republic

Low income rate after Low income rate after transfers (Hungary, transfers (Hungary,

2000)2000)

Goal 2: Achieve Goal 2: Achieve universal primary universal primary

educationeducation

National targets adapted to reflect National targets adapted to reflect Lisbon Summit’s “knowledge Lisbon Summit’s “knowledge society”:society”:– Life-long learningLife-long learning– Quality of educationQuality of education

Targets focused on:Targets focused on:– Raising relatively low tertiary education Raising relatively low tertiary education

levelslevels– Better alignment of education systems Better alignment of education systems

with labour market needswith labour market needs

Percentage of people Percentage of people with tertiary education with tertiary education

(2000)(2000)

1112.4

22

0

5

10

15

20

25

Czech Republic Slovakia EU average

Source: National statistical offices, EUROSTAT, 2003Source: National statistical offices, EUROSTAT, 2003

Roma education Roma education levels (2002)levels (2002)

Source: UNDP/ILO survey (primary data), 2002 Source: UNDP/ILO survey (primary data), 2002

(http://roma.undp.sk/)(http://roma.undp.sk/)

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

CZ HU SK

%

Incomplete primary and none Primary

Incomplete secondary Secondary and higher

Goal 3: Promote gender Goal 3: Promote gender equality, empower equality, empower

womenwomen

Horizontal, vertical labour market Horizontal, vertical labour market segregation by gender apparent in segregation by gender apparent in all four countriesall four countries– Women more likely to work in sectors Women more likely to work in sectors

with lower average wages, occupy with lower average wages, occupy lower positions in any given fieldlower positions in any given field

Reducing wage gaps featured Reducing wage gaps featured prominently among targets prominently among targets selectedselected

Goal 4: Reduce Goal 4: Reduce child mortalitychild mortality

Substantial reductions in infant, Substantial reductions in infant, perinatal mortality already achievedperinatal mortality already achieved

Targets selected by national teams:Targets selected by national teams: – Hungary and Slovakia: reducing infant, Hungary and Slovakia: reducing infant,

child mortality levels toward EU child mortality levels toward EU averagesaverages

– Czech Republic and Slovenia: Czech Republic and Slovenia: maintaining child health, mortality levels maintaining child health, mortality levels at current favourable ratesat current favourable rates

Infant Infant mortalitmortality rates y rates (2001)(2001)

Goal 5: Improve Goal 5: Improve maternal healthmaternal health

Maternal mortality, abortion Maternal mortality, abortion rates have been declining for rates have been declining for decadesdecades

Reports argue that further Reports argue that further reductions in abortions should reductions in abortions should be sought, via the expansion of be sought, via the expansion of modern contraceptive methodsmodern contraceptive methods

Abortions per 1000 Abortions per 1000 women (Slovakia, women (Slovakia,

2000)2000)

Teenage Teenage pregnancipregnancies (ages es (ages 12-18), 12-18), 20002000

Goal 6: Combat Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, HIV/AIDS, malaria,

other diseasesother diseases

Central European countries not Central European countries not threatened by AIDS, tuberculosis, or threatened by AIDS, tuberculosis, or other infectious diseases . . .other infectious diseases . . .– . . . . . . But a terrible HIV/AIDS epidemic is But a terrible HIV/AIDS epidemic is

taking hold in Ukrainetaking hold in Ukraine– Future threat?Future threat?

Chronic circulatory ailments, cancers Chronic circulatory ailments, cancers pose larger health threats in Central pose larger health threats in Central Europe than do infectious diseasesEurope than do infectious diseases

TB TB prevalence prevalence (per 100K (per 100K inhabitantinhabitants, 2001)s, 2001)

Death rates due to Death rates due to tumours (per 100,000 tumours (per 100,000

inhabitants)inhabitants)

0 50 100 150 200

EU average 2000

Slovenia 2002

Slovakia 2001

Hungary 2002

Czech Rep. 2002

Males aged 0-64Males aged 0-64

Source: European health for all database, WHOSource: European health for all database, WHO

Goal 7: Environmental Goal 7: Environmental sustainabilitysustainability

Substantial improvements in Substantial improvements in environmental quality since 1990environmental quality since 1990

But—Central Europe still faces But—Central Europe still faces environmental challenges:environmental challenges:– Energy usage per unit of GDP remains Energy usage per unit of GDP remains

well above OECD averageswell above OECD averages– Renewables: small role in energy Renewables: small role in energy

balancesbalances– Requirement that municipalities with Requirement that municipalities with

over 2,000 inhabitants must construct over 2,000 inhabitants must construct sewage treatment plants difficult to meetsewage treatment plants difficult to meet

Goal 8: Global Goal 8: Global partnerships for partnerships for

developmentdevelopment

ODA: Small but risingODA: Small but rising Central European countries’ Central European countries’

contribution to development contribution to development cooperation goes well beyond cooperation goes well beyond the monetary value of their ODAthe monetary value of their ODA– Their transition expertise, Their transition expertise,

particularly for “new neighbours” particularly for “new neighbours” in the CIS, Balkansin the CIS, Balkans

Official Development Official Development Assistance (2001)Assistance (2001)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

CzechRepublic

Hungary Slovakia Slovenia

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12ODA(millions of USD)

ODA/GNI (%)

Source: EC, Source: EC, The Consequences of Enlargement for Development The Consequences of Enlargement for Development Policy, Policy, Brussels, 2003Brussels, 2003

Conclusion: MDGs useful Conclusion: MDGs useful for new EU states in 3 for new EU states in 3

respectsrespects

Point to unfinished development Point to unfinished development agendaagenda

Disaggregation, application builds Disaggregation, application builds capacity for designing, implementing:capacity for designing, implementing:– Joint inclusion memorandaJoint inclusion memoranda– National action plansNational action plans

Underscore these countries’ important Underscore these countries’ important potential contributions to international potential contributions to international development cooperationdevelopment cooperation

Thank you!Thank you!

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