SUB GOttingen 7 215 924 142 2003 A 11481 Responding to Literature Stories, Poems, Plays, and Essays FOURTH EDITION Judith A. Stanford Rivier College Me Grauu Hill Boston Burr Fridge, IL bubuque, IA. Madison, Wr'New York., , San Francisco St. Louis Bangkok Bogota Caracas Kuaja Lumpur, Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan Montreal New Delhi Santiago Seoul Singapore Sydney Taipei Toronto ,
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SUB GOttingen 7215 924 142
2003 A 11481
Responding to LiteratureStories, Poems, Plays, and Essays
FOURTH EDITION
Judith A. StanfordRivier College
MeGrauuHill
Boston Burr Fridge, IL bubuque, IA. Madison, Wr'New York., ,San Francisco St. Louis Bangkok Bogota Caracas Kuaja Lumpur,Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan Montreal New Delhi
Santiago Seoul Singapore Sydney Taipei Toronto ,
Contents
Preface vii
Alternate Contents by Genre xxxi
Alternate Contents by Additional Themes xxxix
1 Why Read Literature? l .Exercise 1
Why Do You Read Literature? 1Why Do We Read Literature? 2Bridging the Gap 3Responding to What You Read 4
Exercise 4 • .. • , 'ROBERT FROST, "The Road Not Taken" (Poem) 5Sample Student Response to "The Road Not Taken",Commentary 6 • .Exercise 1 • •
Considering Evidence to Support Your Response 8Close Active Reading 8
Sample Oral Response to "The Road Not Taken" 9Commentary 10Exercise 11
Keeping a Reading Journal 11Guidelines: Keeping a Reading Journal (Box) 11
2 Joining the Conversation:Ways of Talking about Literature 13
Suggestions for Reading Speeches 76Suggestions for Reading Letters 76Suggestions for Reading Documents 76Suggestions for Reading Journals and Diaries 77Suggestions for Reading Essays 77 . . •Guidelines: Nonfiction (Box) 77
Considering Other Voices 79Authors' Commentaries and Interviews 80Reviews 80Scholarly Criticism 80
Guidelines: Evaluating Internet Resources (Box) 142 . . . -
. "Thomas's 'Do Not Go Gende into That Good Night,'"MICHAEL W. M U R P H Y 144 . . , •.
Considering Audience, Narrowing the Topic, and Devisinga Preliminary Thesis 146 . . , , . ,
Planning and Organizing 147.; , ,Drafting 148 .•;Revising Focus: Using Quotations Effectively 148 . -
"We Are All Poets," T O N I JACKMON (Draft Student Paper) 148Editing Focus: Combining Sentences;. 151 •. . . •Exercise 152 . . •Proofreading Focus: Spelling 152Exercise 152 . . _ .,Final Copy: Research Paper 153
"We Are All Poets," TONI JACKMON (Student Paper) 153Guidelines: Writing a Research Paper (Box) 155
Summary 155Strategies for Discovering and Exploring Ideas 155Strategies for Evaluating Your Audience 156Strategies for Revising 156 .. .Strategies for Editing 156Strategies for Proofreading 157, , ,
5 Innocence and Experience 159 !
On Reading Literature Thematically: Critical Thinking 159Fiction 161
XXU CONTENTS
NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE, Young Goodman Brown 161JAMES JOYCE, Araby 171 .WAKAKO YAMAUCHI, And the Soul Shall Dance 176LOUISE E R D R I C H , The Red Convertible: Lyman Lamartine 183W. D. WETHERELL, The Bass, the River, and Sheila'Mant 191
Poetry 197A. E. HOUSMAN, When I was one-and-twenty 197C O U N T E E CULLEN, Incident 198 :
GARY SOTO, Oranges 198 • • ' •
BETTIE SELLERS, In the Counselor's Waiting Room 201ROSEMARY CATACALOS, La Casa 202MAY SWENSON, The Centaur 203WILLIAM BLAKE, London. 205
GERARD MANLEY HOPKINS, Spring and Fall:To a Young Child 206
Drama 210WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE, Hamlet 210Commentary. CAROLYN HEiLBRUN,The Character of Hamlet's
Mother 323
Essays 330LANGSTON HUGHES, Salvation 330MAYA ANGELOU, Graduation in Stamps 332
Connections: Innocence and Experience 343Suggestions for Extended Connections among Chapters 344Suggestions for Collaborative Learning 345
6 Crime and Punishment 347Fiction 348
EDGAR ALLAN'POE, The Black Cat 348Commentary: SUSAN AMPER^ Untold Story:The Lying Narrator
in "The Black Cat" 356NADINE G O R D I M E R , Town and Country Lovers 365R I C H A R D WRIGHT, The Man Who Was Almost a Man 374ISABEL ALLENDE, The Judge's Wife 384 ,BESSIE HEAD, Looking for a Rain God 391
Poetry 395RICHARD LOVELACE, To Althea, from Prison 395
Contents xxiii
S E A M U S H E A N E Y , Punishment 396 : • ... < •
ROBERT BROWNING, My Last Duchess, 398 . •
, 'ANNE.SEXTON; Snow White and the.Seven Dwarfs .400ETHERIDGE KNIGHT, <Hard'Rock Returns to Prison from the
Hospital for the Criminally Insane 405 ; , ,GREGORY CORSO, The Last Gangster 406 .; •TESS GALLAGHER, Kidnapper ,407-, ., , ,, . ,
JIANG HE, To the Execution Ground 408 . ,,.,.
JUDITH CLARK, After My Arrest 409 . . • , r ,STEPHEN DUNN,, On Hearing the Airlines Will Use a Psychological
Profile to Catch Potential Skyjackers 410Drama 412 , ..
SOPHOCLES, Oedipus Rex All
SUSAN GLASPELL, Trifles . 455
Essays 468 . , , ., . •BARBARA HUTTMANN, A Crime of Compassiori 468
^ ANDRE DUBUS, Giving Up the Gun 470 , . . . .Connections: Crime and Punishment 479Suggestions for Extended, Connections among Chapters 479Suggestions for Collaborative Learning 480 :
ALICE WALKER, Everyday Use: For Your Grandmama 508
RAYMOND C A R V E R , Cathedral :5?16 ..,,-' . . ,
JOSE ARMAS, .El Tonto del Barrio • 527 < '< - , r , y
T O N I CADE BAMBARA, The Lesson 534Poetry. 541. ... : ,• •"' '• ' .
PAUL LAURENCE DUNBAR, We wear the mask > 541 • . ••.LUCILLE CLIFTON, Quilting 542' .:•' ' • . ,
WOLE SOYINKA, Telephone Conversation 543"WILLIAM BUTLER YEATS, The Lake Isle Of Innisfreei 544MARTIN ESPADA, Coca-Cola and Coco Frio 545 ,CATHY SONG, The Youngest Daughter 546 >•JUDITH ORTIZ COFER, Latin Women Pray 548MARY TALLMOUNTAIN, There Is No Word
for Goodbye -549 .. • . ;.WING TEK LUM, It's Something Our Family Has
Always Done 550
XXIV CONTENTS
Drama 552ATHOL FUGARD, "Master Harold" . . . and the Boys 552Commentary: FRANK R I C H , Review of the Yale Repertory Theatre
Production of "Master Harold" and the Boys 589Essays 591
CHIEF SEATTLE,' My People 591
FREDERICK DOUGLASS, Learning to Read and Write 594Connections: Roots, Identity, and Culture 599Suggestions for Extended Connections among Chapters 600Suggestions for Collaborative Learning 601
8 Men and Women 603Fiction 604
CHARLOTTE PERKINS GILMAN, The Yellow Wallpaper 604Commentary: CHARLOTTE PERKINS GILMAN, Why I Wrote
"The Yellow Wallpaper" 618KAY BOYLE, Astronomer's Wife 619EDITH WHARTON, Roman Fever 624LAURIE COLWIN, A Country Wedding 635RITA DOVE, Second-Hand Man 643 * • ;
Poetry 649SAPPHO, To me he seems like a god 649WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE, Let me not to the marriage
of true minds 650JOHN D O N N E , The Sun Rising 650ANDREW MARVEEL", TO His Coy Mistress 652APHRA BEHN, The Willing Mistress 653CHRISTOPHER MARLOWE, The Passionate Shepherd
to His Love 655SIR WALTER RALEIGH, The Nymph's Reply to the Shepherd 655AMY LOWELL, Patterns 656TESS GALLAGHER, The Hug 659 'PAULA GUNN ALLEN,'Pocahontas to Her English Husband,
John Rolfe 661 .,DONALD HALL, The Wedding Couple 662
Drama 663HENRIK IBSEN, A Doll's House 663
Essays 719ROBERT SOLOMON, Romantic Love 719C s. LEWIS, We Have No "Right to Happiness" 724
Contents xxv
Connections: Men and Women .. 729 . . , :
Suggestions for Extended Connections among Chapters 729
Commentary: DAVID HUDDLE, The "Banked Fire" of Robert
Hayden's "Those Winter Sundays" 781
MOLLY PEACOCK, Say You Love Me 783
Drama 785
WAKAKO YAMAUCHI, And the Soul Shall Dance 785 'Essays 827 ' • - . . - • . •
DORIS KEARNS GOODWIN, From Father, with Love 828ANDREW MERTON, When Father Doesn't Know Best 831
Connections: Families 834
Suggestions for Extended Connections among Chapters 835
Suggestions for Collaborative Learning 836
10 Nature 837 .Fiction 838 • . - . , !
ERNEST H E M I N G W A Y , Hills like White Elephants 838
J A C K L O N D O N , To Build a Fire ; 8 4 2 - ' - ! ' ' . • ' •"' -
R A T E C H O P I N , The Storm 855 .' , "
D O R I S LESSING, Through the Tunnel 860 . :
XXVi CONTENTS
EUDORA WELTY, A Worn Path • 867Commentary: EUDORAWELTY, Is Phoenix Jackson's Grandson
Really Dead? 875Poetry 877
Haiku 877MORITAKE, Fallen petals rise 877SOKAN, If only we could 878MEISETSU, City People 878KYOSHI, The Snake 878
WILLIAM WORDSWORTH, The World Is Too' Much with Us 879GERARD MANLEY HOPKINS, God's Grandeur 880ELIZABETH BISHOP, The Fish 881WILLIAM STAFFORD, Traveling through the dark 883DENISE LEVERTOV, To the Snake 884MARY OLIVER, A Certain Sharpness in the Morning Air 885MAXINE KUMIN, Woodchucks 887MAGGIE ANDERSON, A Place with Promise 888RICHARD WILBUR, The Writer 890
Drama 891PATRICK MEYERS, K2 891
Essays 914BARRY HOLSTUN LOPEZ, Landscape and Narrative 914DONELLA MEADOWS, Living Lightly and Inconsistently
on the Land 920Connections: Nature 923Suggestions for Extended Connections among Chapters 924Suggestions for Collaborative Learning 925
11 War and Power 927Fiction 928
AMBROSE BIERCE, An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge 928FRANK O'CONNOR, Guests of the Nation 936Commentary: STANLEY R E N N E R , The Theme of Hidden Powers:
Fate vs. Human Responsibility in "Guests of the Nation" 946CYNTHIA OZICK, The Shawl 952ELIZABETH GORDON, On the Other Side of the War: A Story 957TIM O'BRIEN, The Things They Carried 959
Poetry 974ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING, Mother and Poet 974THOMAS HARDY, The Man He Killed 978
Contents xxvii
WILFRED OWEN; Dulce et Decorum Est 979 ,.ARIEL DORFMAN, Hope . 981 .,"WALT WHITMAN, The Dying Veteran 982DENISE LEVERTOV, What Were They Like? .983YUSEF KOMUNYAKAA, Facing It 984
RANDALL JARRELL, Gunner ,985 ; ,MARGARET ATWOOD, At first I was given centuries . 986CAROLYN FORCHE, The Colonel 987
DEBORAH GARRISON, I Saw You Walking 988Drama 990
SOPHOCLES, Antigone 990
Essays 1022ANDREW LAM, Goodbye, Saigon, Finally , 1022. ,JACQUELINE NAVARRA RHOADS, Nurses in Vietnam iO25BARBARA KINGSOLVER, And Our Flag Was Still There 1035
Connections: War and Power 1038Suggestions for Extended Connections among Chapters 1038Suggestions for Collaborative Learning 1039
12 Death 1041 , ,Fiction 1042 • , . ;
C H E W I N G BLACKBONES, Old Man, and Qld Woman: ,
A Blackfoot Indian Myth Retold, ,1042 . . . . . . .
KATHERINE ANNE PORTER, The Jilting, of . . . . ,•
Granny Weatherall 1044, , ,. • , . . . y . - <
W I L L I A M F A U L K N E R , A Rose for Emily 1051
Commentary: W I L L I A M F A U L K N E R , O n the Meaning of. ••
"A Rose for Emily," 1059 . . . ' . . . . ;
ALICE W A L K E R , To Hell with Dying ,,1060
GAIL GODWIN, Dream Children 1066 , ...
Poetry 1077 • - • . . , . : . • - , • • .
JOHN D O N N E , Death, be, not proud 1077 . .
e. e. cummings, Buffalo Bill s 1078 , ; . , ;
R U T H W H I T M A N , Castoff Skin 1079 , . : - , , • „ •
EMILY DICKINSON 1079 . , , !
Apparently with no surprise 1080
I heard a Fly buzz—when,I died— 1080 , ;
The Bustle in a House .1081 . , , ,, . . ' . ; • . . , ,
A. E. H O U S M A N , To an Athlete Dying Young 1081 -.,
T H E O D O R E ROETHKE, Elegy for Jane ,1082 . , • • , . . . , , . .
D E N I S E LEVERTOV, During a Son's Dangerous Illness 1083
XXVili CONTENTS
LANGSTON HUGHES, Night Funeral in Harlem 1084MICHAEL LASSELL, How to Watch Your Brother Die 1085
Drama 1089 • , - . • . . .HARVEY FIERSTEIN, On Tidy Endings 1089 • '
Essays 1109LEWIS THOMAS, On Natural Death 1109ELISABETH KUBLER-ROSS, On the Fear of Death 1112
Connections: Death 1118
Suggestions for Extended Connections among Chapters 1119
Suggestions for Collaborative Learning 1120
13 Three American Poets 1121Time Line: Key Events in the Lives of Three American Poets 1122EMILY DICKINSON 1123
Success is counted sweetest 1125If I can stop one Heart from breaking 1125Wild Nights—Wild Nights! 1126There's a certain Slant of light 1126I'mNobody'.Whoareyou? 1126"Heaven"—is what I cannot reach! 1127We grow accustomed to the Dark • 1127Good Morning—Midnight— 1128After great pain, a formal feeling comes1— 1128The Brain—is wider than the Sky— 1129This is my letter to the World 1129A Secret told— 1129The Soul selects her own Society— 1130I felt a Cleaving in rriy Mind— 1130One need not be a Chamber—to be Haunted—— 1130Tell all the Truth but tell it slant— 1131From all the Jails the Boys and Girls 1131
ROBERT FROST 1132
Mending Wall 1133Home Burial 1135"Out, Out—" 1138Nothing Gold Can Stay 1139Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evenirig 1139Acquainted with the Night 1139- •Desert Places 1140
: Contents, xxix
A Critical Casebook oft Robert Frost 1141DONALD CUNNINGHAM, "Mending Wall" 1141From ROBERT FROST, The Figure a Poem Makes 1146 ,From DONALD J. GREINER, The. Indispensable Robert Frost 1147From WESLEY McNAiR, Robert Frost and Dramatic .
Speech 1149 , " • „ . - . . •• '',From JAY PARINI, One Long Wild Conversation:
Robert Frost as Teacher 1151 'From PETER j . STANLIS, Robert Frost: The Conversationalist
as Poet 1152 ' ' ' ' ' '"' ~ ' ' ' "" ;
GWENDOLYN BROOKS 1155kitchenette building 1157The Mother 1158 ' ' '" ' 'Prom "The Womanhood" 1159 ;> -; ' "•' 'The Bean Eaters 1159 ' ; • 'the rites for Cousin Vit 1159Of Robert Frost 1160 • : •••••'>•Boy Breaking Glass 1160To the Young Who Want to Die 1161
Connections: Three American Poets 1161'
Connections: Art and Poetry (color section) , lTopics for Discussion and Writing 2
Sample Assignment and Student Paper: "Death's Image,"JANICE MOORE 2
Albrecht Diirer's Knight, Death, and the Devil 4RANDALL JARRELL, Knight, Death, and the Devil 5
Ander Gunn's Untitled photograph 6THOM GUNN, Something approaches 7
Pieter Breughel the Elder's Landscape with the Fall of Icarus 8w. H. AUDEN, Musee des Beaux Arts 9PATRICIA HAMPL, Woman before an Aquarium 10
Henri Matisse's Woman before an Aquarium 11Edgar Degas's The Millinery Shop 12
ADAM ZAGAJEWSKI, Edgar Degas: The Millinery Shop 13Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec's At the Moulin Rouge 14
JON STALLWORTHY, Toulouse-Lautrec at the Moulin Rouge 15Pablo Picasso's The Old Guitarist 16
XXX CONTENTS
WALLACE STEVENS, The Man with the Blue Guitar 17Robert Motherwell's Blue Air 18Henri Matisse's Dance 19:
NATALIE SAFIR, Matisse's Dance 19 >
Edvard Munch's The Scream 20'
DONALD HALL, The Scream 21
Pieter Breughel the Elder's Peasants Dance (The Kermess) 23WILLIAM CARLOS "WILLIAMS, The Dance 23
Georgia O'Keeffe's Black Cross, New Mexico 24
ELLEN BRYANT VOIGT, Wormwood: The Penitents 25
Charles Henry Demuth's / Saw the Figure 5 in Gold 26
"WILLIAM CARLOS "WILLIAMS, The Great Figure 27
Edward Hopper's Nighthawks 28 ,DAVID RAY, A Midnight Diner by Edward Hopper 29SAMUELYELLEN, Nighthawks 30 , ... •
Vincent van Gogh's The Starry Night 31ANNE SEXTON, The Starry Night 31