STUDY ON THE ANIMAL HEALTH AND BREEDING AT TANDO MUHAMMAD KHAN

STUDY ON THE ANIMAL HEALTH AND BREEDING AT TANDO MUHAMMAD KHAN

FINAL PROFESSIONAL D.V.M. INTERNSHIP REPORT

SUBMITTED

BY

ABDUL HUSSAIN MEMON 2K5-AV-16

ALTAF ALI BHATTI 2K5-AV-38

KHUDA DINO DARS 2K5-AV-91

KASHIF ALI KAZI 2K5-AV-92

KALEEMULLAH TALPUR 2K5-AV-93

KHUDA BUX KHUSHIK 2K5-AV-96

SADAM HUSSAIN TALPUR 2K5-AV-188

To

FACULTY OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND VETERINARY SCIENCES SINDH AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY TANDOJAM

2011


FINAL PROFESSIONAL D.V.M. INTERNSHIP REPORT

SUBMITTED BY








To


2011

DEDICATION

This humble piece of work is dedicated

To

Our

Beloved and respected

Teacher

Dr. Abdul Qayoom Memon (late)

And

Our

Parents and teachers

Whose affections inspired

To love mankind

Who did their best to uplift us up to the

Heights of an ideal life

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER PARTICULARS PAGE

APPROVAL CERTIFICATE BY THE SUPERVISORY

COMMITTEE i

INTERNSHIP REPORT ii

INTERNSHIP REPORT CERTIFICATE iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv

LIST OF TABLES v

ABSTRACT vi

I INTRODUCTION 1

II CATTLE BREEDING STATUS IN TANDO MUHAMMAD KHAN 9

INTRODUCTION 9

MATERIALS AND METHODS 11

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 14

III ANIMAL HEALTH 16

MATERIALS AND METHODS 17

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 20

IV SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 22

REFERENCES 24

i


ABDUL HUSSAIN MEMON 2K5-AV-16 ALTAF ALI BHATTI 2K5-AV-38 KHUDA DINO DARS 2K5-AV-91 KASHIF ALI KAZI 2K5-AV-92 KALEEMULLAH TALPUR 2K5-AV-93 KHUDA BUX KHUSHIK 2K5-AV-96 SADAM HUSSAIN TALPUR 2K5-AV-188

APPROVAL CERTIFICATE BY THE INTERNSHIP SUPERVISORY COMMITTEE DEAN Prof. Dr. Amir Bukhsh Kalhoro

Professor SUPERVISOR Prof. Dr. Rahmatullah Rind

Professor and Chairman of Internship Committee

Member - i Mr. Mujeeb-U-Rahman Assistant Professor

Member -ii Mr. Dildar Hussain Kalhoro Lecturer


2011

ii


FINAL PROFESSIONAL D.V.M

Internship Report

An internship report submitted to Faculty of Animal Husbandry and

Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam in partial fulfilment for the

degree of Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (D.V.M.) in 2011.

Supervised by

Prof. Dr. Rahmatullah Rind Chairman Internship Committee

iii


INTERNSHIP REPORT CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the present data and information/work entitled “STUDY ON THE ANIMAL HEALTH AND BREEDING AT TANDO MUHAMMAD KHAN ” embodied in this internship report has been carried out by the group of eight Final Prof. D.V.M students in connection with the partial fulfillment of the requirements for 10th Semester, that the work is original. Students:








Dr. Rahmatullah Rind Supervisor and

Chairman Internship Committee

iv

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors express their most humblest, true, honest, deep, genuine and

sincerest words of thanks to Almighty ALLAH who bestowed upon us the ability

potential, courage, health, strength, wisdom and all the resources through which we

succeeded in preparing this manuscript and Who is the entire source of knowledge and

wisdom endowed to mankind. The authors offer their humblest thanks from the core of

their hearts to The Holy Prophet Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him), who is a torch of

guidance and knowledge for humanity, a symbol of peace, tolerance and true leadership

forever.

We wish to express our profound gratitude and sincere appreciation to

our respectable and worthy Dean, Prof. Dr. Amir Bukhsh Kalhoro, Professor and Dean,

Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University,

Tandojam and internship Supervisor Prof. Dr. Rahmatullah Rind, Professor, Department

of Veterinary Microbiology, for their healthy suggestions, constructive and positive

criticism, sympathetic treatment during internship period. The authors are very much

thankful to the honorable internship committee members, Mr. Muhammad Haroon

Baloch, Dr. Illahi Bux Kalhoro, Mr. Mujeeb-U-Rahman Memon and Mr. Dildar Hussain

Kalhoro for their help and constructive criticism for making this manuscript.

We are affectionately thankful to our dear sisters, loving brothers,

passionately thankful to our juniors for their sweet company, moral support and innocent

love. Thanks are also extended to our parents, friends and class fellows who were always

helpful to us.

AUTHORS

v

LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Particulars Page No.

1. Veterinary service institution of Sindh. 5

2. Veterinary hospitals and dispensaries in Sindh Province 5

3. Livestock population of Sindh province (2009)

6

4.

Dairy Farm & Livestock Experimental Stations, Livestock

Breeding Farms functioning in Sindh Province

6

5. Animal population of district Tando Muhammad khan

8

6. Veterinary hospital of district Tando Muhammad Khan

8

7. Body Measurement & Average weight of Red Sindhi Cattle 10

8. Livestock strength at Red Sindhi Cattle and Breeding Farm

T.M.Khan 14

9. Milk Production compare with last five years in Red Sindhi

Cattle Farm Tando Muhammad Khan 14

10. Structure of livestock farm at Red Sindhi Cattle and

Breeding Farm T.M.Khan 15

11. Cases treated at Veterinary Hospital at Tando Muhammad

Khan 20

12. Chart for the months from January to February 2011 21

vi

ABSTRACT

The internship in various sections of the livestock and dairy development

department, poultry and diagnostic tools is a part of academic requirement for the degree of Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM), the students of Final Professional DVM 10th semester went through an internship exercise comprised of six months period.

The internship of Final Professional Doctor of Veterinary Medicine

(D.V.M.), students was at early phase in “District Veterinary Hospital” and in final phase at “Red sindhi cattle and breeding farm Tando Muhammad Khan”. In all institutions the Veterinary practice with animal health and Breeding practices on scientific/ advance technique were completed.

Such experiences as internee certificates were honoured by the

Professional head of the concern institution infavour of the internees. The detail report was prepared and after thorough checking and correction, it was submitted for favoring consideration and delivering of seminar and viva vice to complete the requirement of internship in due time.

At Red Sindhi cattle & breeding farm different managemental procedures

were practiced. Such as management of feeding, management of housing and management of animal health by monitor all managemental things which were under farm schedule. The total farm animals are 383 and the average milk per Cow 4.14 Liters/day.

The second phases of internship in district veterinary hospital total

251animals were brought for clinical checkup. Among that 52 animal were infected by parasitic problems, 18 animals suffer in wound, 16 animals were treated for dystocia, 82 cases of pneumonia, 48 cases of metabolic disorders and 35 cases of other disease.

In February and March 22 animal were castrated, 49 animals were

drenched. 550 animals were vaccinated for ETV, 320 animals for CPP and 26 animals were vaccinated for rabies.

1

CHAPTER - I

INTRODUCTION

Pakistan is endowed with diverse livestock genetic resources. In fact it is

postulated that one of the centers of animal domestication lay in this part of the world.

Pakistan has a large livestock population, well adapted to the local environmental

conditions. Current population of farm animals in Pakistan consist of 29.9 million

buffaloes, 33.0 million cattle, 27.4 million sheep, 58.3 million goats and 1.0 million

camels. Pakistani buffaloes are riverine type and belong to two breeds i.e. Nili-Ravi and

Kundi. Nili-Ravi is the best dairy buffalo breed of the world. (Naqvi, A.N. and M.Afzal

2004).

Pakistan is the fifth largest country in milk production in the world. Milk

production is higher than the two major cash crop of the country i.e. wheat and cotton.

Pakistan has 25.5 million cattle, 28.4 million buffaloes, 25.5 million sheep and 61.9

million goats

Livestock have multipurpose functions i.e. it is used for traction of lands

and cartage and produces milk and meat. Animal waste is used as manure, as fuel, and a

substrate for methane production. Cattle hides and skin are used for clothing, bags, shoes

etc.

The production performance of indigenous cattle is very low in

comparison to exotic breeds. Because of the expanding population and improvement in

life style of the common man, demand for dairy products increases day by day. Land

resources in Pakistan are very limited; therefore it would be more economical to improve

the unexploited genetic potential of the dairy cattle as will as nutritional and management

practices.

The Directorate of animal husbandry undertakes to accomplish the

following assigned tasks in discharge of its responsibility towards the development of

livestock sector for the benefits of the public in general and the farming community in

2

particular, in order to raise their income and living standard. Provision of animal health

facilities and services to livestock farmers through curative and prophylactic measures;

establishment and maintenance of veterinary hospitals, dispensaries and centers in

functional order. Improvement of local breeds of cattle and buffalo through the provision

of artificial insemination service to the livestock farmers; establishment and maintenance

of artificial insemination centers and sub-centers (Anonymous, 2001).

There are ten distinct breeds of cattle found in Pakistan. However, these

breeds probably only make up 30 percent of the population and the rest of the population

is generally classified as non-descript. Cattle breeds of Pakistan are Sahiwal, Red Sindhi,

Cholistani, Dhanni, Tharparker, Bhagnari, Djal, Lohani, Rojhan and Kankrej. There are

30 local breeds of sheep in the country. Important sheep breeds are Bucchi, Lohi, Thalli

and Salt Range in Punjab; Bumbi, Kachhi and Kooka in Sindh; Balkhi, Damani and

Kaghani in NWFP and Baluchi, Bibrik, Harnai and Rakhsani in Balochistan. For goats,

37 breeds have been described

The important goat breeds include Beetal, Dera Din Panah and Teddy in

Punjab, Barbari and Kamori in Sindh, Kaghani and Jatal in N.W.F.P. and Khurassani,

Lehri and Pahari in Balochistan. Twenty one breeds of running, baggage and dairy

camels have been described. Analysis of livestock population trends show that buffalo

population increased 392%, cattle 219%, sheep 299%, and goats 650% in the last 45

years 1955-2000 (Isani, G.B. and M.N. Baloch. 1996).

Livestock-production system is mostly mixed crop-livestock farming.

Production systems of cattle and buffaloes are subsistence small-holdings, market

oriented small-holdings, rural commercial farms and peri-urban dairy farms. Farming

systems of small ruminants and camels are nomadic, transhumant and sedentary-

household. Systematic genetic improvement programmes for livestock have been limited

and half hearted. Some of these are land grants, herd-book scheme, provision of pedigree

bulls, establishments of government livestock farms, provision of artificial insemination

3

service, progeny testing programme for Nili-Ravi buffalo and Sahiwal cattle, import of

exotic stock and crossbreeding.

These programmes have been addressing productivity issues and have

been limited to a few breeds of animals. It is feared that if proper research and

development efforts are not carried out, many of the livestock genetic resources (breeds)

will be lost. Survival of a breed in the farming system will depend on its economic utility.

Important areas of research and development in animal genetic resources are;

development of low-cost performance-recording system, evaluation and strengthening of

on-going progeny-testing programmes, starting of progeny-testing programmes for

important breeds, phenotypic characterization of breeds to identify specific traits of

economic importance, development of beef breed, genetic characterization of different

breeds of livestock and development of molecular markers for economic traits.

Sindh’s potential is complemented by Pakistan’s Investment policy, which

is the most liberal in the region, and opens new vistas to local as well as foreign investors

for investment in service, social, agriculture and industrial sectors so as to keep Pakistan

competitive in international market and viable area of investment. Under the Investment

Policy in vogue no permission is required to invest in Pakistan. A foreign investor can

hold up to 100 percent of equity. Remittance of profit, dividend, and capital is allowed

among many other facilities available in the policy. Sindh’s agri-economy contributes

23% to the country’s GDP. The huge gap between Sindh’s aquaculture, livestock & dairy

production and the capacity to process the produce, provides opportunity for various

types of investments in value addition. The Government of Sindh has taken various

initiatives in terms of subsidized financing, technological support, research &

development and capacity building of farmers. (Husnain, H.U, 1985)

4

MAP OF SINDH PROVINCE

5

Table.1. Veterinary service institutions of Sindh.

Region Research/vaccine

Production institutes

Veterinary hospitals

Veterinary Dispensaries

Veterinary centers

Diagnostic labs

Pakistan 6 963 2869 2875 72

Sindh 2 119 60 608 7

Table.2. Veterinary hospitals and dispensaries in Sindh Province

S. No. Name of Districts No. of Veterinary Hospitals and Dispensaries

No. of Veterinary Centers

1. Naushehro Feroze 10 42 2. Sanghar 12 28 3. Karachi 06 08 4. Larkana 08 16 5. Sukkur 07 16 6. Ghotki 04 13 7. Mirpurkhas 10 50 8. Jamshoro 01 18 9. Khairpur 22 75 10. Umerkot 02 110 11. Tando Allahyar 03 07 12. Shikarpur 08 22 13. Jacobabad 05 20 14. Saheed Benazirabad 10 44 15. Tando Muhammad Khan 04 11 16. Thatta 12 19 17. Badin 07 23 18. Tharparkar 08 151 19. Hyderabad 04 13 20. Kashmore 06 08 21. Matiari 07 23 22. Qamber @ Shahdad Kot 08 21 23. Dadu 08 48

Total 172 786

6

Table.3. Livestock population of Sindh province (2009)

Administrative unit Cattle Buffalo Sheep Goat Camels Horses Mules Asses Poultry

Pakistan 33.0 (million)

29.9 (million)

27.4 (million)

58.3 (million)

1.0 (million)

0.4 (million)

0.2 (million)

4.5 (million)

562 (million)

Sindh 6925022 7340162 395805 2572221 278424 44999 19512 1004925 14135540

T.M.Khan 47416 147934 34233 126266 2428 80 201 7257 239481

Source: Directorate of Animal Husbandry Government of Sindh, Hyderabad. Table.4. Dairy Farm & Livestock Experimental Stations, Livestock Breeding

Farms functioning in Sindh Province

S. No. Name of Farms Animals Locations

1. Red Sindhi Cattle Breeding Farm Red Sindhi Cattle Tando Muhammad Khan

2. Livestock Experimental Station Thari Cattle Nabisar Road

3. Livestock Experimental Station Red Sindhi Cattle Karachi

4. Livestock Development & Research Farm Kundhi Buffaloes Rohri

5. Kamori Goat Farm Kamori Goat Khuda Abad District Dadu

6. Kooka Sheep Farm Kooka Sheep Rohri

7. Bari Goat Breeding & Research Farm for Meat Bari Goat Tando Allahyar

8. Research & Breeding Farm for Pateri Goat Breed Pateri Goat Tando Adam

7

8

Table-5: Animal population of district Tando Muhammad khan

Buffaloes & Cattle Equines Other Animals

Male 60232 5432 68000

Female 14054 5000 104100

Total 74286 9932 172100

Table-6 Veterinary hospital of district Tando Muhammad Khan

S.No Name of Veterinary hospital & Centre

1. Veterinary Dispensary Tando Muhammad Khan

2. Veterinary hospital Bulri Shah Karim

3. Animal Health Extension Centre Mulaqatiar

4. Animal Health Extension Centre Rajo Nizamani

5. Veterinary Centre Jinhan Soomro

6. Veterinary Centre Ghulam Mustafa Shah

7. Veterinary Centre Rabdino notkani

8. Veterinary Centre Shaikh Bhirkio

9. Veterinary Centre Abdul Hakeem Memon

9

CHAPTER – II

CATTLE BREEDING STATUS IN TANDO MUHAMMAD KHAN

INTRODUCTION

The farm was established in the year of 1958 at West Pakistan with the

area of 4535-13 Acres. It was transferred to Agriculture Corporation in the year of 1962.

In 1969 An area of 2051-37 Acres of land was surrender and was given to Agriculture

Department to established Seed Farm and retained 2483-16 Acres land.

In the year of 1972 the farm was transferred to animal husbandry

department in Government of Sindh. However in the year 1975 the management of farm

was transferred to Sindh Milk Board.

After the failure of the management of the Milk Board. The farm was

again transferred to the animal husbandry department with the area of 2483-16 Acres in

the year of 1976. From 1976 to until this farm management is given to animal husbandry

department.

ROUTINE FARM OPERATIONS

During the training in the RSCBF Tando Muhammad Khan, the main

emphases are given in the following fields.

1. Dairy farm management

2. Ration formulation for milking and non milking animals

3. Calf rearing

4. Pregnancy diagnosis

5. Silage making

6. Artificial insemination

7. Semen evaluation, processing and freezing

10

Red Sindhi Cattle Habitat:

North & north western part of Karachi and Hyderabad popularity known

as ‘Kohistan Area’ in Sindh Province and Lasbela district in Balochistan Province. Also

famous with the name of Maliri

Type: Milch Animal

Physical Characteristics:

Medium size with compact build, horns thick and stumpy in males but thin

in females, ears fine, small and alert, dewlap moderate in both sexes, sheath pendulous in

male but nominal in females, black switch of tail, udder medium to large and strong,

some what resistant to disease and thick infestation.

Colour: Deep Red

Table.7. Body measurement & Average weight of Red Sindhi Cattle

Body measurement (cm) Average weight (kg)

Height Length Girth At birth At maturity

Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female

132 115 145 127 185 155 26 24 410 320

Average of milk yield in (305 days)

2050 liters with 4.2% butter fat

11

OBJECTIVES

To preserve and develop the Red Sindhi Breed.

To preserve the purity of the Red Sindhi Breed.

To produce pure breed Bulls of superior type by improving the farm and village

cattle bring about early maturity in cows and Bulls by selective breeding better

feeding and management.

To study the pasture and grazing management.

Artificial Insemination done in red Sindhi cattle breed at the farm and introduce it

to the surrounding area.

To develop export market selling of young stock is used for this purpose.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A period of six weeks has been completed successfully at Red Sindhi

Cattle & Breeding Farm;

Red Sindhi Cattle and Breeding Farm at Tando Muhammad Khan

Total area of farm is 2500 acres

Fodder such as Millet, Barely, maize, Sorghum, Barseem and Alfa alfa

Cash crop such as Wheat, Sugarcane, Cotton and Sunflower.

Feeds: Roughages: Hay, Straw, Stover and Hulls

Concentrates: Wheat bran, Cotton Seed cake and Molasses.

Breeding practice: Natural.

Watering: 24 hours available in water trough at each shed.

Salt: Salt block was made available for licking.

Vaccination: FMD (Foot and mouth disease) and HS (Hemorrhagic septicemia)

Milking Practices: Twice at morning and evening each day.

Weaning: At the age was six months.

Lactation Length: 305 days was practiced.

12

Management of calves and heifers

After the birth of calves’ colostrums is provided at the rate of 10% of body

weight. Mostly the calves are weaned ate the age of two and half to three months. The

floor space provided to the calves was recorded at 15 to 20 sq.ft. Per animal. Heifers of 3

to 6 months have been kept in separate sheds. 15 to 18 percent crude protein consisting of

heat straw, wheat bran, cotton seed cake and molasses were fed. Where as at the age of

10 months up to breeding 2 to 3 kg of concentrate/day/animal were provided. When the

animal obtained 70% of adult body weight it was conceived.

Management of pregnant animals

Pregnant animals were watched carefully particularly during the last

stages of pregnancy, to avoid the abortion due to unnecessary exercise, fights and other

physical trauma. During the last three months of pregnancy when fetal growth was very

rapid, a special pregnancy allowance of about 1 to 2 kg of concentrate per animal to

fulfill the nutritive requirement during the pregnancy.

Grazing of livestock

Animals graze in area where crops were harvested or in range areas where

special type of grasses are available. The timing of grazing is from 08:00AM to

12:00noon at evening 03:00pm to 05:00pm animals were grazed.

Watering of livestock

The water trough was available in each shed of animal the water was

provided throughout the day especially in summer season.

Milking practices

The milking practice was performed two times in a day, first in early in

the morning about 4:00am to 6:00am and second early in the evening (about 4:00 pm to

6:00pm).

13

Breeding practices

Breeding is practiced by allowing bull into the herd during grazing/feeding

hours as well as during night hours and called on natural breeding. However, and present

A.I. have been widely introduced and also practiced and applied.

Record Keeping In Dairy Farm

It is impossible to run any kind of business profitably with out proper

records. A manager who does not have a fairly accurate record of the amount of feed to

given to the cows in this herd, and of the amount of milk which they produce is certainly

not conducting his management efficiently.

Different types of record kept at farm

Milk record register, Cattle feed register, breeding record, health record

and financial record.

Identification of the farm animals

For the identification of the animals mostly ear-tagging being practiced.

Ear-tags are plastic made with number are engraved on them. In the farm ear tags were

used.

14

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

During first weeks of internship we were deputed to Red Sindhi Cattle and

Breeding Farm at Tando Muhammad Khan, where we were assigned to work at Cattle

Farms, the results are as under,

Table.8. Livestock strength at Red Sindhi Cattle and Breeding Farm T.M.Khan

In the Red Sindhi Cattle & breeding farm total 383 animals were present.

There were 181 adults, 121 were young stock and 81 were suckling stock. The total Male

was 67 and was 316 females.

Table.9. Milk Production compare with last five years in Red Sindhi Cattle Farm Tando Muhammad Khan.

Type of Animal Bull/Male Female Total

Adult 15 166 181

Young stock 25 96 121

Suckling Stock 27 54 81

Total 67 316 383

Years No. of cows in milk Total milk production

2005-2006 16 18620 Liters

2006-2007 21 27546 Liters

2007-2008 25 35451 Liters

2008-2009 20 25457 Liters

2009-2010 18 23366 Liters

Up to Feb 2011 20 8465-02

15

Table.10. Structure of livestock farm at Red Sindhi Cattle and Breeding Farm T.M.Khan

Total no of sheds: 4

System of housing: Tail to tail

Length of each shed: 70 ft length, 40 width, height 10ft

Per animal space: 4.5 multiply by 6.5 ft

Manger: Width=2.5ft, front height=1.6ft, back height=2ft,

length=2.5ft per animal

Capacity of each shed: 20 to25 animals per shed

Yard structure: Size=70 multiply by 55 ft

Water trough: 2ft width, 10 ft length, 1.5ft height

16

CHAPTER- III

ANIMAL HEALTH

INTRODUCTION

District veterinary hospital is the second placement of our internship it is

located in Tando Muhammad Khan. It works under the Ministry of livestock department

Govt. of Sindh. Animal health is the most important for the department of live stock.

Being a veterinarian the reasonability is become more important. To restore the health of

animal it is very necessary for veterinarian to bring his all efforts.

We observed that the following Building facilities were available in

Veterinary Hospitals of Tando Muhammad Khan.

Indoor patient house

General OPD

Office of Veterinary Officer

Staff Room

Record Room

Medical Store

Cattle Crush

OBJECTIVES

To identify any disease or problems early, so that they can be treated before they

become serious.

To treat any disorder or disease.

To perform vaccination program in the city to prevent the onset of disease.

To discuss preventive health care and husbandry issues such as health care, nutrition

and hardness.

17

MATERIALS AND METHODS

District veterinary hospital Tando Muhammad Khan has been attended.

Clinical Examination

Clinical examination has been carried out as under:

Procedure

The un- healthy; pregnant animals were examined for the problem. .

Before medication , all the animals were examined properly.

History taking

First detailed question from owner were asked to get complete information

regarding animal health and husbandry. The questions may include the signalmen (age,

sex, pregnancy, work type).Asked about any previous illness of the animal brought to the

hospital for treatment. The eyes were examined for any discharge, nose for coughing and

any discharges; tiredness of the animal was noted. Breeding history of the animal was

taken. Lameness and weakness of the animal during exercise were noted. Itching, rubbing

and other skin problems were noted. Abnormal behavior was also noted.

The questions asked from owner

Exactly what were the problems that concern the owner?

When did it start?

Was there any specific incident that started it?

was the problem getting better, worse or staying the same?

Are there any other animals affected?

The clinical examination was carried out in a routine manner to ensure nothing was

missed;

(1). Eyes

Discharge, color, consistency, and amount of discharge was record

Conjunctiva color (white, pale, injected etc) observed

Third eyelid (protrusion, swelling) was observed

18

Cornea (opacities, ulcers) was also examined

(2). Nostrils

The nostrils for color, consistency and amount of discharge were observed

(3). Mouth

The incisors, were examined to find the age of the animal

The cheek teeth were observed for hooks, and broken teeth.

(4). Submandibular lymph nodes were examined.

(5). Pulse

The rate and strength of blood were noted.

(6). Chest

Both sides of the chest were examined

Auscultate on the heart was performed and note the rate, rhythm and

sounds of the heart.

Auscultation on the lungs for crackles, wheezes and dullness sounds were

observed.

(7). Abdomen

Both sides were examined.

Gut sound was noted.

(8). Urogenital System

The sheath, valva, mammary glands for swelling, discharges, external and

internal wounds were examined properly.

(9). Legs and Feet

The feet were looked for swellings and wounds.

19

The shoes were carefully checked the size and fitness of the shoes to the

hoof were observed.

The feet were palpated for swellings, heat and pain.

The joints were examined for stiffness and pain if there.

The feet sole and frog, were examined.

(10). Skin.

The wounds and swelling on the skin were examined.

Looked for parasites, alopecia and itching.

(11). Rectal Temperature.

Temperature was taken, if there any infection treat animal suspected.

Instruments and equipments

Syringes, Thermometer, burdizo castrator, Scissors, forceps, Drenching

guns, and bandages cotton, Tag maker, Iron, Tissue retractor, Tissue forceps, A.I Gun,

Liquid Nitrogen, Semen straws, A.I gun sheath etc.

Medicines and other drugs used

Such as penicillin, sulphadamidine, oxytetracycline etc.

Antipyretics Such as dypiron, paracitamol etc

Drenches Nilzan, Nilverm, Oxfendazole, Valbazine etc.

Antiseptic solutions hydrogen peroxide, potassium per magnate, tincture

iodine, pyodine etc.

Powders (Kaolin) boric acid, Sodium bicarbonate cicatrin etc.

Vaccines performed

1. PPR (pestes peptitis ruminants)

2. CCPP (Caprine Contagious Pleural Pneumonia)

3. ETV (Enterotoxaemia Vaccine)

20

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Hospital patient report

The patient report of the Veterinary hospital at T.M.Khan from December 2010-2011.

Table.11. Cases treated at Veterinary Hospital at Tando Muhammad Khan

Weeks Parasitic problem Wound Dystocia Pneumonia Metabolic Other

diseases Total

1 7 5 2 20 13 7 54 2 12 3 1 16 6 3 41 3 10 1 2 15 7 6 41 4 3 4 3 14 9 9 42 5 9 3 4 12 6 4 38 6 11 2 2 7 7 6 35

Total 52 18 16 82 48 35 251

In District Veterinary Hospital total 251 animals were treated against

diseases during internship period. The most prevalent disease was Pneumonia. The

number of animal suffering from Pneumonia was 82. The percentage of Pneumonia was

32.66%. The lowest cases which were treated were dystocia cases. There were only 16

cases of dystocia. The percentage of dystocia was 6.37%. There were 18 cases of

wounds. Parasitic problem was followed the Pneumonia and fall in 2nd number. There

were 52 cases of pneumonia and 48 cases were metabolic disorders. 35 cases which were

dealt were other diseases. 54 cases were dealt in 1st week, 41 in 2nd, 41 in 3rd, 42 in 4th, 38

in 5th and 35 cases were treated in 6th week.

21

Table.12. Chart for the months from January to February 2011

January February

Out-patients 30 25

Castration 12 10

Days of tour 15 16

Drenching 24 25

ETV Vaccine 300 250

CPP Vaccine 150 170

PPR Vaccine 34 20

Rabies 16 10

In February and March we were observed 55 out-patients, 22 animal were

castrated, 49 animals were drenched. 550 animals were vaccinated for ETV, 320 animals

for CPP, 54 animals were vaccinated for PPR and 26 animals were vaccinated for rabies.

22

CHAPTER-IV

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

SUMMARY

The internship in various sections of the livestock and dairy development

department, poultry and diagnostic tools is a part of academic requirement for the degree

of Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM), the students of Final Professional DVM 10th

semester went through an internship exercise comprised of six months period.

The internship of Final Professional Doctor of Veterinary Medicine

(D.V.M.), students was at early phase in “District Veterinary Hospital” and in final phase

at “Red sindhi cattle and breeding farm Tando Muhammad Khan”. In all institutions the

Veterinary practice with animal health and Breeding practices on scientific/ advance

technique were completed.

Such experiences as internee certificates were honoured by the

Professional head of the concern institution infavour of the internees. The detail report

was prepared and after thorough checking and correction, it was submitted for favoring

consideration and delivering of seminar and viva vice to complete the requirement of

internship in due time.

At Red Sindhi cattle & breeding farm different managemental procedures

were practiced. Such as management of feeding, management of housing and

management of animal health by monitor all managemental things which were under

farm schedule. The total farm animals are 385 and the average milk per Cow 4.14

Liters/day.

The second phases of internship in district veterinary hospital total

251animals were brought for clinical checkup. Among that 52 animal were infected by

parasitic problems, 18 animals suffer in wound, 16 animals were treated for dystocia, 82

cases of pneumonia, 48 cases of metabolic disorders and 35 cases of other disease.

23

In February and March 22 animal were castrated, 49 animals were

drenched. 550 animals were vaccinated for ETV, 320 animals for CPP and 26 animals

were vaccinated for rabies.

CONCLUSIONS

At Red Sindhi cattle & breeding farm different managemental procedures were

practiced while during second placement district Veterinary Hospital at Hospital diseased and

injured animals were treated, while certain small animals and animals were vaccinated against

certain diseases.

SUGGESTIONS

The population of pure Red Sindhi Cattle was on great risk.

The weaning age of cow is very high.

The puberty period of Red Sindhi was long.

Helminthes infections were common problem for livestock.

There was a low milk production at livestock farms.

Sick animals should be treated regularly.

Proper vaccination program should be launched.

Professional and technical programs for farmers should be arranged to educate them to

control the diseases.

The proven bulls of local breeds should be used to conserve the local breeds.

The tender should be given to well repute contractors.

Grazing area should be increase in order to fulfill the feeding requirements.

Decrease weaning age of calf.

Decrease puberty period.

preserve pure germ plasma

Further studies are recommended.

24

REFERENCES

1. Anonymous (2001). Government of Pakistan, Finance Division, Economic Advisor's Wing, Islamabad.

2. Husnain, H.U (1985) Sheep and Goats in Pakistan, FAO Animal Production and Health Production and Health Paper No. 56, Rome, pp: 1-35.

3. Isani, G.B. and M.N. Baloch (1996) Sheep and Goat Breeds of Pakistan. Press Corporation of Pakistan, Karachi, pp: 1-95.

4. Naqvi, A.N. and M.Afzal (2004) livestock resources of Pakistan present status and future trends, science vision Vol.9 No.1-4

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APPENDICES

PICTURES OF VARIOUS ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT DURING INTERNSHIP PROGRAM

V.O of veterinary hospital Trainee treat the animal infected by

Ticks

Trainee done drenching Trainee done the treatment of Bull

Trainee check the pulse rate of animal Trainee check the respiration

26

Trainee check the abdomen of buffalo Trainee treat the Red Sindhi Cattle

Pregnant animal present in the Mall piri Cattle crush in veterinary hospital

Red Sindhi Cow Red Sindhi Bull

27

Duration of work Six months (One Term)

Place of study Tando Muhammad Khan

Educational unit involved

Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam

Supervisor

Dr. Rehmat-ullah Rind Professor and Chairman Internship committee Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam.

APPROVED BY

STUDENTS

Dr. Rahmat-ullah Rind Professor and Chairman

Internship committee Faculty of Animal Husbandry and

Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University

Tandojam.








STUDY ON THE ANIMAL HEALTH AND BREEDING AT TANDO MUHAMMAD KHAN

Science

kaleemullah talpur 2k5av

sadam hussain talpur

khuda dino dars 2k5av

khuda bux khushik 2k5av

kashif ali kazi 2k5av

altaf ali bhatti 2k5av

animal health

tofaculty of animal