Study on Economic Partnership Projects in Developing Countries in FY2013 Study on Dobrotvirska Coal-Fired Power Extension Project in Dobrotvirska, Ukraine Final Report February 2014 Prepared for: The Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry Ernst & Young ShinNihon LLC Japan External Trade Organization Prepared by: ITOCHU Corporation Tokyo Electric Power Services Co., Ltd.
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Study on Economic Partnership Projects in Developing Countries in FY2013
Study on Dobrotvirska Coal-Fired Power Extension Project in
Dobrotvirska, Ukraine
Final Report
February 2014
Prepared for:
The Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry Ernst & Young ShinNihon LLC
Japan External Trade Organization
Prepared by: ITOCHU Corporation
Tokyo Electric Power Services Co., Ltd.
Reproduction Prohibited
Preface
This report summarizes the study being prepared for Study on Economic Partnership Projects in Developing
Countries in FY 2013 commissioned by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.
This Study, “Study on Dobrovirska Coal-Fired Power Extension Project in Dobrotvirska, Ukraine”, was made in
order to examine the viability of the project to construct 600MW Ultra-Supercritical Coal-Fired Thermal Power
Plant at the existing power plants site with the cost of United State Dollar 870 million, for the purpose of
efficiency improvement and reducing emission of Sulfur Oxide, Nitrogen Oxide and dust.
We hope that the report will be helpful for the realization of the project and be of reference to all the members
concerned.
February 2014
ITOCHU Corporation
Tokyo Electric Services Co., Ltd.
Project Site Map
Source: prepared by the Study team based on Google Map
List of Abbreviation
Abbreviation Full Name
B/C Benefit Cost Ratio
BOP Balance of Plant
CCS Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage
CDM Clean Development Mechanism
CFB Circulation Fluidaized Bed
CFD Contract for Difference
CHPP Combined Heat and Power Plant
CIS Commonwealth of Independent States
CO2 Carbon Dioxide
COD Commercial Operation Date
CPM Capacity Payment Mechanism
℃ Degree Celsius
DBJ Development Bank of Japan, Inc.
Dob TPP Dobrotvirska Thermal Power Plant
DTEK Donbass Fuel-Energy Company
EBITDA Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization
EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
EC European Comission
EcoNet Ecological Network
ECU Energy Company of Ukraine
EFF Extended Fund Facility
EHS Environmental, Health and Safety
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EIB European Investment Bank
EIRR Economic Internal Rate of Return
ENTSO-E European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity
EOJ Embassy of Japan
EPC Engineering, Procurement and Construction
ESIA Environmental Social Impact Assessment
ESP Electrostatic Precipitator
EU European Union
EUR Euro
FD Forced Draft
FGD Flue-gas Desulphurization
FIRR Financial Internal Rate of Return
FIT Feed in Tariff
F/S Feasibility Study
FSA Fuel Supply Agreement
g Gram
GDP Gross Domestic Production
GFATM The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria
On the other hand, in case of individual contract, it is necessary to contract for each lot unlike the EPC
turnkey contract. It is important to decide the interface for each contractor. Further, it is necessary to clearly
define the project schedule such as delivery time, completion day and turnover.
The followings are example of lot split cases.
・ Boiler lot
・ Turbine lot
・ Coal and ash handling lot
・ Civil, architecture and installation lot
In the case of individual contract, cost down effect is expected by principle of competition. There used to be
a lot of proposals from companies previously when the individual bids are applied. Currently only one
company or a few tend to participate the bidding. If there is no comparison or other choice, it is expected to
be difficult to manage contract negotiations. In this case, it is not possible to take advantage of the benefits of
the individual contracts. Moreover, the owner side must manage adjust the schedule.
Therefore EPC full turnkey contract is recommendable for this project.
3-13
3) Study of Engineering Practice
In order to save energy and reduce environmental impact USC technology is adopted for this project. Table 3-5
shows steam conditions and the plant performance. In comparison to sub-critical type, it is expected that plant
efficiency is improved about 106% with USC technology.
Table 3-5 Steam Conditions and the Plant Performance
Items Sub Critical Super Critical Ultra Super Critical
Main steam pressure 16.6 MPa 24. 1MPa 26.4 MPa
Main / reheat steam temperature 538 oC /538 oC 566 oC /566 oC 600 oC /610 oC
Gross efficiency 100 % (Base) 104 % 106 %
Emission of CO2 100 % (Base) 96 % 94 %
Amount of cooling water 100 % (Base) 92 % 90 %
(Source: prepared by the Study Team)
3-14
(4) Overview of the Project Plan
1) Basic Policy of Project Scope Determination
a) Project Scope and Study of the Technical Aspects
・ Data acquisition and analysis of power sector
・ Investigation of the existing power plant, substation and transmission line and coal properties for the
specification of this project
・ Conceptual design based on the above specification
b) Environmental and Social Considerations
・ Impact on the social environment of the project: Investigation of land acquisition, promotion of
employment, economic benefit effect, greenhouse gas reduction, per impact on other social environment
due to the project construction
・ Investigation of permission from government, environmental impact assessment, related laws and
regulations
c) Financial and Economic Analysis
・ Integration of the construction costs based on the proposed specification
・ Integration of the financial and economic analysis for the business profitability to examine the scheme
from electricity sales
2) Conceptual Design and the Applicable Specification
Major power generation facilities are roughly composed of Boiler, Turbine and environmental facilities.
The Boiler is tower-type pulverized coal firing boiler. The Turbine is high, medium and low pressure turbines and
a tandem compound Turbine composed of a single axis.
As the environmental facilities, Electrostatic Precipitator and Flue Gas Desulphurisation equipment will be
installed. It is planned that the composition of this equipment will comply with the EU environmental standard on
flue gas emissions.
Figure 3-4 shows the configuration of the Power Plant. Heat supply is expected to be sent from existing power
plant to the district. Heat supply system that is typically required in the European market is not prepared by this
project.
3-15
Figure 3-4 Configuration of the Power Plant
(Source: prepared by the Study Team)
a) Boiler and Auxiliaries
(i) Basic Specification
Equipment herein specified to comprise:
One reheat steam generating unit, ultra super critical, once-through type, balanced draft operation. The boiler is
designed for indoor operation arranged in the form of self contained construction and suspended from structural
steelwork within the boiler house.
The boiler is equipped with one Forced Draft (FD)-fan (100%). The back end of the boiler is equipped with one
regenerative air heater, two electrostatic precipitators (ESP) followed by two induced draft fans (ID-fans) and one
flue gas desulphurization plant (FGD).
The boiler is designed with adequate tube spacing to avoid plugging and ash build-up, to allow for proper cleaning by soot blowers and to permit maintenance access.
(ii) Circuit arrangement of the boiler on the Water-steam side
The circuit arrangement of the boiler on the water-steam side is shown in the flow diagrams.
For start-up and in order to control failures the unit is equipped with a safety by-pass station on the HP steam side
and with safety valves on the reheater steam side designed for the max. steam flow.
IP Turbine
HP Turbine
LP Turbine
Generator
Condenser
HP-Heater
LP-Heater
DRT
Grand steam condenser
3-16
Figure 3-5 The circuit arrangement of the boiler on the water-steam side (example)
(Source: prepared by the Study Team)
The turbine bypass system is connected from the main steam pipe in front of the high pressure turbine to the cold
reheat steam pipe to bypass the high pressure turbine. The turbine bypass system is also connected from the hot
reheat steam pipe in front of the intermediate pressure turbine to the condenser to bypass the intermediate pressure
and low pressure turbines.
In this way, the turbine bypass system has the following functions:
Improving start-up characteristics of the plant
When the plant starts, the boiler load is adjusted by the turbine bypass system, so that the boiler steam
temperature becomes the optimal ventilation temperature of the turbine.
Absorbing the load difference between the boiler and turbine when the load is changed
When there is a load difference between the turbine and boiler when the load is interrupted, the turbine
bypass system absorbs the surplus load of the boiler.
An auxiliary function of the boiler superheater safety valve
When the pressure of the boiler superheater becomes excessive, the turbine bypass system reduces the
pressure.
3-17
(iii) Circuit arrangement of the boiler on the flue gas side
The circuit arrangement of the boiler on the flue gas side is shown in the flow diagram Figure 3-6.
Figure 3-6 The circuit arrangement of the boiler on the flue gas side
(Source: prepared by the Study Team)
3-18
b) Turbine
The steam turbine is composed of the turbine main unit and BOP (Balance of Plant) devices (such as condensers,
deaerator, heaters and pumps). The specifications of the steam turbine and BOP devices are shown in the table
below.
An illustration (bird’s eye view) of the tandem compound steam turbine is shown on the next page. Steam
discharged from the high pressure turbine is reheated at the boiler, and brought back to the intermediate pressure
turbine to rotate the turbine blades. Then, the steam is led to the centre of the low pressure part from the
intermediate pressure turbine. The steam at the outlet of the low pressure turbine is cooled at the condenser on the
bottom of the turbine and reused as boiler feed water.
Table 3-6 Steam Turbine Basic Specifications
Item Specification
Type Tandem compound
TC4F
Output 650 MW (gross)
600 MW (net)
Steam Conditions
(turbine inlet)
Pressure: 26.4 MPa
Temperature: 600°C/610°C
Turbine Casing High and
Intermediate pressure: 1
Low pressure: 2
Extraction Stage High and
Intermediate pressure: 4
Low pressure: 4
High Pressure (HP), Intermediate Pressure (IP), Low pressure (LP)
Figure 3-8 shows Bird’s Eye View of the condenser.
Figure 3-8 Condenser Bird’s Eye View
(Source: prepared by the Study Team)
HP/IP Combined Casing
2LP Casing ( 4 Flow )
3-20
(ii) Feed-water heater and deaerator
Figure 3-9 and 3-10 shows Bird’s Eye View of the feed-water heater and deaerator :
Figure 3-9 High and Low Pressure Feed Water Heater
(Source: prepared by the Study Team)
Figure 3-10 Deaerator
(Source: prepared by the Study Team)
3-21
d) Generator
The structure of the generator is shown in the Figure 3-11 by a bird's-eye view. This structure is typical structure
based on many experiences in the past.
Figure 3-11 Generator Bird’s Eye View
(Source: prepared by the Study Team)
3-22
e) Generator Auxiliary Machines
(i) Seal oil system
Seal oil system is to seal hydrogen to cool rotor and core in a generator. The system removes impurities by
vacuum processing from separated oil from lubrication system and supplies oil to seal of generator both sides.
Generator inner pressure difference between hydrogen and seal oil are kept by mechanical differential pressure
control valve. The hydrogen side oil is returned to the lubricant oil system after hydrogen removal at extended
batch and float trap, and mixture the oil of the air side at air extraction tank.
(ii) Cooling system
Stator cooling system is to supply high purity water to stator coil of water cooling. After the water which raised
purity at ion exchange tower is pressurized with a pump, and having cooled off with an air conditioner, it is
controlled to regulated temperature at a temperature control valve. The pure water is transported to stator coil
through the membrane filter. The rotor cooled by hydrogen gas is composed of a hydrogen gas cooler, a hydrogen
gas cylinder storage, etc.
3-23
f) Instrument & Control System
(i) Basic concept
Start, stop and normal operation of the plant is operated by the minimum number of staff in the central control
room.
All necessary plant operation information is constantly monitored at the operator station of central control room.
Large-scale screen is not but can be installed in the central control room. The reason is appropriate number of
operator station is installed in the central control room including the operator station for exclusive use of the
leader.
Minimum hardware controller as the urgent operation of the plant is installed.
At the time of accident of main and auxiliary equipment, runback to low load or safely stop without needing the
regulated manual operation will start.
(ii) Automation
i) Plant automatic start
The plant start is automated. But manual operation is necessary at plant cold start operations (electrical system, completion of each system finishing) and at the time of operations such as the following examples.
Circulating water system
Auxiliary steam system
Closed cooling water system
Compressed air system
Turbine oil system
Turbine turning system
Generator seal oil system
Generator hydrogen system
ESP insulator heating
Waste water system
FGD waste water treatment system
Manual operation is usually not required at the time of warm and hot start.
3-24
ii) Plant normal operation
The test operation for check of the important equipment is conducted by the manual start operation from central
control room. Each test operation is conducted in response to the manual start order sequentially.
(Example)
Turbine main valve closing test
Turbine emergency oil pump start test
iii) Plant automatic shutoff
The automation range at the time of the plant stop is from normal operation to a condensate pump stop, and
meanwhile, the manual operation does not need.
At a long term maintenance stop by the plan of customer, manual operations are necessary such as the following
example after automatic shut off.
(Example)
Circulate water system
Vacuum break
Auxiliary steam system
Closed cooling water system
Compressed air system
Turbine oil system
Turbine turning system
Generator seal oil system
Generator hydrogen system
FGD waste water treatment system
3-25
iv) Trip Interlock
Boiler, turbine and generator tripping interlock concept is shown in Table 3-8
Table 3-8 Tripping interlock concept
Event Concept
Boiler Failure Boiler will be tripped immediately by shutting-off of the fuel shut off
valve. Turbine will be concurrently tripped to prevent the wet steam due
to the tripping of the boiler by Boiler trip signal.
Turbine Failure Turbine will be tripped immediately by closing of the turbine valves, and
the bypass system will be activated. However, if the bypass system is not
activated, Boiler will be tripped immediately.
By Turbine trip, the Generator will be concurrently tripped, which means
the simultaneous opening of both generator circuit breaker and excitation
field.
Generator failure Generator will be immediately tripped by the simultaneous opening of
both generator circuit breaker and excitation field switch, and Turbine
will be concurrently tripped for stopping generator and preventing the
extended accident.
Grid failure Disconnecting from the grid, the plant will reduce the load to minimum
load by using the bypass system and continue the island operation.
(Source: prepared by the Study Team)
3-26
g) Air Quality Control System-AQCS
The flue gas coming from the boiler has to be cleaned from hazardous substances.
At first the Electrostatic precipitator (ESP) will remove dust. In a second step the flue gas will be cleaned from the
SO2 by a flue gas desulphurisation plant (FGD).
(i) Electrostatic precipitator (ESP)
To separate the dust from flue gas one electrostatic precipitator (ESP) is arranged downstream of the regenerative
air preheater.
The flue gas passes through several fields arranged in series and parallel. While passing these fields, the
high-voltage electrode system of the ESP generates an electrical effect, which affects the flue gas flow in such a
manner, that the dust is separated from the gas.
Figure 3-12 ESP Bird’s Eye View
(Source: prepared by the Study Team)
3-27
(ii) Flue gas desulphurisation plant (FGD)
The FGD mainly removes SO2 out of the flue gas and is based on a wet limestone process to produce gypsum as a
by-product.
The FGD consists mainly of:
Flue gas system
Absorber system
Oxidation Air System
Mist Eliminator System
Drainage System
Limestone Slurry System
Gypsum System
Process Water System
Figure 3-13 FGD Bird’s Eye View
(Source: prepared by the Study Team)
3-28
3) Overview of the proposed Project
Project site has been prepared for the former expansion plan (225 MW x 3 units) in the existing Dobrotvirska
coal-fired power plant. This new project for No.9 unit is planned to adopt more efficient, ultra-supercritical (USC)
technology (main steam temperature: 600 oC, main steam pressure: 26.4 MPa). The USC technology installation
promotes Japanese manufacture’s participation on this project and reduces the emission of greenhouse gas such as
carbon dioxide.
It is supposed to export the generating power from this project to Poland. As a result, this project is expected to
contribute to the acquisition of foreign currency for Ukraine.
Table 3-9 shows project cost.
Table 3-9 Project cost
Item Unit Price
Power plant equipment and common equipment (civil, intake, discharge and
coal handling equipment) [US$ million] 790.9
Contingency funds [US$ million] 79.1
Project cost [US$ million] 870.0
Unit cost [US$/kW] 1,450
(Source: prepared by the Study Team)
3-29
4) Solutions for the proposed Technologies and Systems Adoption
There is a great advantage of the higher plant efficiency to adopt USC technology. On the other hand, it is
important to train operator and maintenance staff because of the plant automation. Therefore, it is necessary to
equip a simulator of USC power plant and to enhance measures for operation and maintenance training.
Also feed water quality control is so important for USC power plant that it is necessary to have knowledge of feed
water quality control and training of feed water quality control for operation period.
Under EPC turn-key contract, the owner appraises guarantee item in contract form and no defect of equipment for
installation and commissioning-term, with the result that the power plant is taken over to the owner side.
In addition, various technical problems often occur after the commercial operation. It is necessary to be supported
by power plant experts to deal with the various technical problems.
Existing Dobrotvirska power plant is exporting the half of the generating power to Poland, utilizing 220kV
transmission line. On the other hand, 750kV transmission line, which is about 20 km from Dobrotvirska power plant
toward the south, is not being utilized because of nuclear power plant’s shutdown for long-term.
It is one of the alternatives to export power to Poland, taking advantage of this existing 750kV transmission line for
this project. In that case, it is necessary to construct a new 750kV transmission line and a substation for the
connection between the power plant and 750kV transmission line.
Chapter 4 Evaluation of Environmental and Social Impacts
4-1
(1) Analysis of the Current Status of the Environmental and Social Aspects
1) Location of the Project Site
The project relates to the expansion of the existing Dobrotvirska Power Plant. The power plant site is located in
Kamenka-Bug district, Lviv State, approximately 50km northeast of Lviv City and 14km north of Kamenka-Bug
City. In the south side of the site, Dobrotvir Town is located and the north side also faces a village. Coal ash
disposal site of the power plant is located 1km south-southwest of the project site.
Figure 4-1 Location of the Power Plant Site
(Source: prepared by the Study Team from Google Map)
Dobrotvirska Power Plant
Kamenka-Bug City
Dobrotvirska Power Plant
Coal Ash Disposal Site
Kamenka-Bug Town
N
N
4-2
2) Natural Environment
a) Meteorology
Ukraine is located at 44-52 degrees north latitude and 24-40 degrees east longitude. Northern and western areas
are in the cool temperature zone and have humid continental climate with relatively high precipitation. The
southeastern area has a dry steppe climate, and the Crimean Peninsula has a relatively mild Mediterranean
climate.
The southern area sometimes suffers a serious water shortage involving water supply restriction. Carpathian area
is the highest with yearly precipitation of 1,200-1,600mm, and the eastern area is the lowest with the yearly
precipitation of 300mm.
In Lviv which is the nearest major city from the power plant site, the annual average temperature is 7.1℃, the
annual average high temperature is 10.5 ℃, the annual average low temperature is 3.7℃, and the annual
precipitation is 600mm.
The monthly average temperature and the precipitation in Lviv are shown in Table 4-1
Table 4-1 Monthly Average Temperature and Precipitation in Lviv
Month Jan. Feb. Mar. April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Average high
temperature
(℃)
-1 0 5 11 17 20 21 21 17 11 4 0
Average low
temperature
(℃)
-5 -5 -1 3 8 11 12 12 8 4 0 -3
Precipitation
(mm) 30 30 30 40 60 80 90 70 50 40 40 40
(Source: prepared by the Study Team from ZenTech Home Page)
4-3
b) Geography
Half land of Ukraine is a flat field, with Polesye Marsh area in the north, Donetsk hills in the east, and the high
land stretching from Carpathian Mountains in the west. The flat field in the central and southern area is covered
with rich chernozem (black earth) and used for field of wheat and other crops. 5% of the land is a high land
stretching from Carpathian Mountains toward the southern area of Crimean Peninsula. The area around the power
plant site is a flat area without hills.
c) Rivers
Dnieper River flows through the center of Ukraine, Dniester River flows in the west, both toward Black Sea.
Dnieper, the third biggest river in Europe, next to Volga and Danube, is used not only for public water,
hydropower generation, but also for the main water traffic route.
There are no large rivers around the power plant site except small rivers and irrigation canals (Figure 4-2). A
reservoir, which is an artificial pond installed at the time of construction of the power plant and the town of
Dobrotvir, is located in the east area of the power plant site. This reservoir supplies cooling water and plant water
for the operation of the power plant, and thermal effluent is discharged from the discharge channel extending 1km
north and 6km south of the power plant and returns to the reservoir.
Figure 4-2 Rivers and Waterways Around the Power Plant
(Source: prepared by the Study Team from Google Map)
d) Ecosystem
The land of Ukraine is categorized into 3 zones in view of vegetation (Figure 4-3).
Dobrotvirska Power Plant
South Outlet
North Outlet
4-4
・ Forest zone
The forest zone is located adjacent to Belarus, in latitude north of Kiev, consisting of low dump area covered
mainly with forest and marsh. The soil is poor and dairy is the main industry.
・ Forest steppe
Forest steppe extends in the south of the forest zone from Kirovohrad, crosses Donieper and up to Kremenchug
and Kharkiv. Adequate precipitation, mostly concentrated in spring and early summer, makes this area the richest
agricultural area of Ukraine, with sugar beet, autumn-sown wheat, corn, sunflower and various other crops.
・ Steppe zone
Steppe zone extends in the south of forest steppe. This is a flat area with few valleys and dry climate. Major crops
are autumn-sown wheat, corn and sunflower.
Plants living in Ukraine include 6,086 species of vascular plants, 5,227 species of fungi, 1,322 species of
bryophyte and 4,908 species of algae. Fauna living in Ukraine includes 35,000 species of insects, 117 species of
mammals, 400 species of birds, 21 species of reptiles, 17 species of amphibian, and 182 species of fish. 440
species of the above-described species are precious species. Forest zone is especially rich in precious plant
species.
There are 7,000 protected areas in Ukraine with the total area of 2.8million ha, of which forest zone is dominant.
4-5
Figure 4-3 Vegetation in Ukraine
(Source: UKRAINE FAA119 BIODIVERSITY ANALYSIS: ACTIONS NEEDED FOR CONSERVATION, the
United States Agency for International Development (USAID), 2011)
Figure 4-4 Protected Areas of Ukraine
(Source: UKRAINE FAA119 BIODIVERSITY ANALYSIS: ACTIONS NEEDED FOR CONSERVATION, the
United States Agency for International Development (USAID), 2011)
4-6
3) Environmental Pollution
a) Air Quality
The measurement of pollutant in the ambient air in Ukraine is conducted at over 162 points in 53 cities by
Hydromet (State Hydrometeorological Service). There are 6 monitoring stations on data in Liviv (Figure 4-5). The
monitoring stations have not been renewed since the time of Independence in 1991. The monitoring frequency is
once a day for PM, four times a day for SO2 and NO2. Continuous measurement conducted in Japan is not
performed.
The pollutants contained in the exhaust gas emitted from fixed emission sources such as the power plant is
measured by the State Ecological Inspectorate (SEI). The project area is located away from Liviv and the air
quality measurement by Hydromet is not likely to be conducted. There is no other large fixed emission source
near the power plant site, and the current air quality status is supposed to be mainly influenced by emission gas
from the power plant. The existing units of the power plant are equipped with scrubber or electrostatic
precipitators, but not with desulfurization and denitration equipment. There is information that the existing units
do not meet the emission standards of Ukraine and EU, and the current pollution level needs to be assessed.
Figure 4-5 Air Quality Monitoring Points in Ukraine
(Source: Environmental Performance Reviews UKRAINE Second Review, UNITED NATIONS, 2007)
b) Water Quality
The measurement of water quality in Ukraine is conducted at over 240 points with 374 measurement equipment in
151 water areas presumably by Hydromet mentioned above, and also by Ministry of Health and the state authority.
4-7
The water quality data around the power plant site has not been acquired. There is no other large fixed discharge
source near the power plant site, and water discharge from agricultural activity in the surrounding area and sewage
discharged by the households are supposed to be the main water pollution source.
In this project, thermal effluent will be discharged from the discharge channel extending 1km north and 6km south
of the power plant into the reservoir. Considering that thermal effluent will be cooled down by heat release while
flowing in the discharge channel, and that the reservoir is quite large (200-500m width and over 10km length), the
temperature rise in the whole river is not predicted. The prediction of the extent area of temperature rise should be
conducted in the future.
c) Noise
The measurement result of noise level around the power plant site has not been acquired. It was confirmed during
the field survey that there is no other large noise generation source near the power plant site, and noise level
within the power plant site and near the boundary of the site is not significantly high. Nevertheless, the assessment
of the current noise level should be conducted; because there is a residential area in the north and south of the
power plant site.
d) Waste
Waste generated during the project operation includes coal ash and plaster. Coal ash disposal site is already
established, treating coal ash by slurry method. The vast area of the disposal site is still unused, having sufficient
capacity for coal ash disposal, and the capacity for plaster disposal is to be discussed. The reuse of coal ash and
plaster into brick and others is proposed by the project proponent. The capacity of disposal site and the feasibility
of reuse of waste are the issues to be considered.
Photo 4-1 Current Status of Coal Ash Disposal Site
(Source: prepared by the Study Team)
Coal Ash Slurry Outlet
4-8
4) Social Environment
a) Land Use
The major area of Ukraine consists of fertile flatland (steppe) and hills, with a part of Carpathian Mountains (the
highest peak of Ukraine: 2,061m) in the west and Crimean Peninsula in the south. Approximately 58% of land in
Ukraine is used for agriculture, 13% meadowland and 18% forest area. The area around the power plant is used
primarily for agriculture, with relatively vast forest area.
b) Social Infrastructure
The above-described Dobrotvirska Town in the south of the site has been constructed in 1951 at the beginning of
the existing power plant project in the period of the former Soviet Union to accept workers for the power plant,
including the river and the artificial reservoir. The initial population was about 1,500, which has expanded today
to 6,500 inhabitants and remains in the same level since 2000. On the implementation of the project, already the
infrastructure such as accommodation, hospital and school had been established. The access road to the power
plant is the main road of the town.
Table 4-2 Population of Dobrotvirska Town
Year 1959 1970 1979 2001 2010 2011 2012 2013
Population 1,528 3,272 3,894 6,685 6,437 6,457 6,457 6,480
(Source: prepared by the Study Team from Wikipedia)
c) Traffic
Highway 17 running on the south of the project site and the railway station located in the west of Dobrotvirska
Town constitute the traffic network around the power plant site.
4-9
(2) Environment Improvement Effects by Project Implementation
1) Environmental Mitigation Measures for Air Quality
In this project, the project proponent requests the compliance to European Union(EU)emission standards as well
as Ukraine domestic standards concerning air pollutant. The installation of the flue-gas treatment equipment
described below is the basic policy of this project in this context.
・ Sulfur Oxides(SOx)
As the existing units are not equipped with Flue Gas Desulfurization(FDG) system to absorb and remove SOx in
exhaust gas, SOx contained in exhaust gas is directly discharged into ambient air. It is proposed in this project to
install wet type flue gas desulfurization method of a limestone-gypsum method using lime as desulfurization
agent, which is globally used for its high removal efficiency (85-98%*).
(Source :(Environmental, Health, and Safety(EHS) Guidelines for Thermal Power Plant (International Finance
Corporation(IFC) / World Bank (WB), 2008)
・ Nitrogen Oxides(NOx)
As the existing units are not equipped with denitration system to absorb and remove NOx in exhaust gas, NOx
contained in exhaust gas is directly discharged into ambient air. It is proposed in this project to install: Selective
Catalytic Reduction (SCR)-type denitration system using ammonia as denitration agent, which is globally used for
its high removal efficiency (85-98%*).
(Source :(Environmental, Health, and Safety(EHS) Guidelines for Thermal Power Plant (International Finance
Corporation(IFC) / World Bank (WB), 2008)
・ Particle Matter (PM) (dust)
The existing units are equipped with an old-type wet scrubber that collects and removes PM in the exhaust gas. It
is proposed in this project to install Electro Static Precipitators(ESP), which is globally used for its high removal
efficiency (96.5-99.95 %*).
(Source :(Environmental, Health, and Safety(EHS) Guidelines for Thermal Power Plant (International Finance
Corporation(IFC) / World Bank (WB), 2008)
Electricity produced by this project is transmitted to Poland, and DTEK plans that it is based on the discharge
standards of the EU or less, such as not only emission standards Ukrainian.by reducing contaminant concentration
in the exhaust gas..
4-10
Table 4-3 Target Values of Pollutant Concentration in Exhaust Gas in This Project
Pollutant Unit
Emission Standard Values in Ukraine EU Emission
Standard Values
(>300MW)
IFC /WB EHS Guidelines (Thermal
Power Plant:2008)
New Units (100MW and
over)
Regulation from 2016/1/1 for Existing Units
(applied to the generation capacity of Unit No. 5-8)
Solid Fuel, 600MW>,Non-degraded airshed
SOx mg/Nm3 200 400-2,000
(100~≦500MW) 150 850
NOx mg/Nm3 200 600
(≦500MW) 200 510
PM mg/ Nm3 30 100
(<500MW) 10 50
*: standard value is dry gas base, 0℃, 1 atm, O2 6% equivalent.
(Source: prepared by the Study Team)
2) Atmospheric Diffusion Estimation of Air Pollutants
The air diffusion estimation surrounding area is conducted to predict the environmental impact of the air
pollutants emitted from the power plant. The calculation was conducted on 1hour value and 24 hour value of SO2,
NO2, and PM10 to confirm the compliance with the respective environmental standards of Ukraine, EU and the
IFC/WB EHS Guideline.
The ground concentrations of air pollutants are estimated for two cases; in the operation of the existing units Nos.
5-8 and in the operation of the planned units in future. In the operation of new unit, it is estimated for three cases;
all existing units and new unit (case 1) ,the existing units Nos. 7-8 and new unit (case 2; the existing units Nos.
5-6 are abandoned.).and new unit only (case 3; the existing units Nos. 5-8 are abandoned due to very old.)
a) Calculation Formula
It is relatively flat surrounding the project site, and the ground concentrations of air pollutants are predicted using
the following Gaussian diffusion model which is used commonly in Western countries and Japan.
6
2z
2
2z
2
2z
2
zy
P 102σ
(z+He)-+exp
2σ
(z-He)-exp
2σ
y-・exp
Uσ2πσ
Qz)=y,C(x,
C : Ground concentration at a point R (m) below the downwind axis
Qp: Emission volume (g/s)
σy: Parameter in the horizontal direction (m)
σz: Parameter in the vertical direction (m)
u: Wind speed (m/s)
R: Horizontal distance between emission source and calculated point (m)
z: Ground height
He: Effective stack height (m)
4-11
He=H+ΔH
H: Stack height (m)
ΔH: Stack elevation height (m): CONCAWE formula
ΔH= 0.175 QH1/2u-3/4
ΔH: Emission elevation height (m)
QH: Exhaust heat (cal/s)
u: Wind speed at the top of stack (m/s)
QH =ρ・Q・Cp・ ΔT
ρ: Emission gas density at 0 ℃ (cal/s) (1.293×103g/m3)
Q: Amount of exhaust gas per unit time (Nm3/s)
Cp: Constant pressure specific heat (0.24cal/K/g)
ΔT: Difference between emission gas temperature and atmospheric temperature (K)
Figure 4-6 Gaussian Diffusion Model Diagram
(Source: Lecture of Air Environment Prediction, Shinichi Okamoto, 2001)
b) Calculation Conditions
1 hour value and 24 hours value were calculated. 24 hours value is calculated under the condition that wind
direction does not change in 24 hours, and considering that wind direction varies with time under natural
condition and so does the diffusion direction, the calculated concentration is higher than the actual diffusion.
c) Meteorological Conditions
The ground concentration of the pollutants discharged from the stack heavily depends on the diffusion
parameter for each of the wind speed and atmospheric stability, as shown in the aforementioned calculation
formula. Calculation simulation is conducted under the conditions shown in Table 4-4 based on the stability
EEffffeeccttiivvee eemmiissssiioonn
ssttaacckk hheeiigghhtt
pplluummee
ssttaacckk
((00,,00,,00))
WWiinndd
σσyy
DDiiffffuussiioonn ppaarraammeetteerr
σσzz
DDiiffffuussiioonn ppaarraammeetteerr
AAssssuummeedd oouuttlleett ooff
EEmmiissssiioonn ggaass
4-12
and wind speed indicated in the atmospheric stability classification of Pasquill. From the atmospheric
stability indicated in the atmospheric stability classification of Pasquill, the normal meteorological condition
is selected air stability B to D based on the following reasons.
・ Air stability A is applicable to the emission source near the ground level, but the condition at the stack
height of 100m is less stable than on the ground level.
・ In Air stability E and F, ground concentration tends to be much lower compared to other air stability
condition in a flat geography.
Table 4-4 (1) Setting Conditions for Stability and Wind Speed
Stability Wind speed conditions at ground level (m/s)
Unstable B 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0
Neutral C 2.0, 3.0, 4.0,6.0,10.0
D 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 6.0,10.0
Table 4-4 (2) Pasquill Stability Categories
Wind speed at ground level
U (m/s)
Daytime Nighttime (rate of solar radiation = 0)
Rate of solar radiation Q (unit 0.01 kWm-2) 60 < Q 30 – 59 15 - 29 1 - 14
U < 2.0 A A-B B D F 2.0 - 2.9 A-B B C D E 3.0 - 3.9 B B-C C D D 4.0 - 5.9 C C-D D D D 6.0 < U C D D D D
(Source: Lecture of Air Environment Prediction, Shinichi Okamoto, 2001)
d) Exhaust Emission Conditions
The data on the amount of emission of pollutant from the existing units Nos.5-8 has not obtained. Therefore, the
amounts of gas emission and pollutants are calculated from the ratio of fuel use (100:94) and power generation
ratio (600:100 or 600:150) per unit generation amount of the existing and the new unit, based on the value of
exhaust gas specification at the USC boiler outlet calculated from characteristics of typical coal used in this
project. As the existing boiler is 50-60 years old and the document of data on the emission amount etc. is not
available, the re-examination of the monitoring data of the power plant is necessary.
Table 4-5 describes the exhaust gas flow, emission gas temperature, stack height, and emission amount of the
respective pollutant used for calculation. The calculation is conducted on the assumption that SOx, NOx and dust
are entirely converted into sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and suspended particulate matter (PM10). Stack height
is set to 200m so that stack height 2.5 times higher than the surrounding building (boiler building) is assured to
avoid the influence of such building to smoke diffusion.
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Table 4-5 Exhaust Emission Data Used for the Simulation
Figure 4-8 (1) Ground Concentration Prediction Results for SO2 (Current Status: Existing Units 5-8)
Figure 4-8 (2) Ground Concentration Prediction Results for SO2
(Future Case 1: Existing Units 5-8 and New Unit 9)
(Source: prepared by the Study Team)
Wind Speed (m/s)
Stability B
Stability B
Wind Speed (m/s)
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Figure 4-8 (3) Ground Concentration Prediction Results for SO2
(Future Case 2: Existing Units 7-8 and New Unit 9)
Figure 4-8 (4) Ground Concentration Prediction Results for SO2 (Future Case 3: New Unit 9)
(Source: prepared by the Study Team)
Wind Speed (m/s)
Wind Speed (m/s)
Stability B
Stability B
4-23
Figure 4-9 (1) Ground Concentration Prediction Results for NO2 (Current Status: Existing Units 5-8)
Figure 4-9 (2) Ground Concentration Prediction Results for NO2
(Future Case 1: Existing Units 5-8 and New Unit 9)
(Source: prepared by the Study Team)
Wind Speed (m/s)
Wind Speed (m/s)
Stability B
Stability B
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Figure 4-9 (3) Ground Concentration Prediction Results for NO2
(Future Case 2: Existing Units 7-8 and New Unit 9)
Figure 4-9 (4) Ground Concentration Prediction Results for NO2 (Future Case 3: New Unit 9)
(Source: prepared by the Study Team)
Wind Speed (m/s)
Wind Speed (m/s)
Stability B
Stability B
4-25
Figure 4-10 (1) Ground Concentration Prediction Results for PM10 (Current Status: Existing Units 5-8)
Figure 4-10 (2) Ground Concentration Prediction Results for PM10
(Future Case 1: Existing Units 5-8 and New Unit 9)
(Source: prepared by the Study Team)
Wind Speed (m/s)
Wind Speed (m/s)
Stability B
Stability B
4-26
Figure 4-10 (3) Ground Concentration Prediction Results for PM10
(Future Case 2: Existing Units 7-8 and New Unit 9)
Figure 4-10 (4) Ground Concentration Prediction Results for PM10 (Future Case 3: New Unit 9)
(Source: prepared by the Study Team)
Wind Speed (m/s)
Wind Speed (m/s)
Stability B
Stability B
4-27
(3) Environmental and Social Impacts of the Project Implementation
1) JICA Guidelines
Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) proclaimed the new "JICA guidelines for environmental and
social considerations" (herein after "the new Guidelines") on April, 1st, 2010.
The objectives of the guidelines are to encourage Project proponents etc. to have appropriate consideration for
environmental and social impacts, as well as to ensure that JICA’s support for and examination of environmental
and social considerations are conducted accordingly. The guidelines outline JICA’s responsibilities and
procedures, along with its requirements for project proponents etc., in order to facilitate the achievement of these
objectives. In this guidelines, JICA requests “that Project proponents etc. fill in the screening form; the
information in this form will be a reference for the categorization of proposed projects.”, and “JICA conducts an
environmental review in accordance with the project category, and refers to the corresponding environmental
checklists for each sector when conducting that review as appropriate.”
2) Review Results of Environmental and Social Consideration
The project is to consider the expansion of the existing Dobrotvirska Power Plant. The environmental and social
consideration items, which are necessary at the next stage after this survey, are reviewed extensively using JICA
Environmental Checklist “2. Thermal Power Plant). Table 4-7 shows the review results of the environmental
checklist items at present. This checklist should be updated after the Environmental Impact Assessment(EIA) by
Ukraine in the next stage.
Table 4-7 JICA Environmental Checklist (2. Thermal Power Plant)
Category
Environmental Item
Main Check Items Major Impact
Impact Level (●: large, ○: small, ×: none)
Mitigation Measure to be Conducted and Necessary Consideration
1 Perm
its and Explanation
(1) EIA and Environmental Permits
(a) Have environmental assessment report (EIA reports) been officially completed?
- - This project relates to the alteration of the initial plan (225MW×3 units) that has been approved in 1990’s into 600MW×1unit. The EIA will be re-implemented according to the regulations of Ukraine.
(b) Have EIA reports been approved by authorities of the host country’s government?
- - The approval of the State authority will be acquired after the implementation of the EIA mentioned above.
(c) Have EIA reports been unconditionally approved? If conditions are imposed on the approval of EIA reports, are the conditions satisfied?
- - The conditions will be considered in the course of the EIA procedure by an authority.
(d) In addition to the above approvals, have other required environmental permits been obtained from the appropriate regulatory authorities of the host country’s government?
- - The reacquisition of necessary approval and permits may be needed according to the change of the initial project plan.
(2) Explanation to the local stakeholders
(a) Are contents of the project and the potential impacts adequately explained to the public based on appropriate procedures, including information disclosure? Is understanding obtained from the public?
- - The re-implementation of the EIA is needed according to the laws and regulations of Ukraine. The stakeholders explanation meeting will be held during the EIA process and the local people’s opinions will be appropriately collected.
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Category
Environmental Item
Main Check Items Major Impact
Impact Level (●: large, ○: small, ×: none)
Mitigation Measure to be Conducted and Necessary Consideration
(b) Are proper responses made to comments from the public and regulatory authorities?
- - The comments from the public will be appropriately corresponded.
(3) Consideration of the alternatives
(a) Are plural alternatives of the project plan considered (including the environmental social issues )?
- - The alternatives of generation method etc. will be considered according to the EIA procedure based on the laws and regulations of Ukraine, including environmental and social issues.
2 Pollution P
revention Measures
(1) Air quality
(a) Do air pollutants, such as sulfur oxides (SOx), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and soot and dust emitted by power plant operations comply with the country’s emission standards? Is there a possibility that air pollutants emitted from the project will cause areas that do not comply with the country’s ambient air quality standards?
・Sox, NOx and dust are generated from the coal-fired power plant ・Cumulative impact of the existing units
● ●
・It is necessary to introduce flue-gas desulfurization/denitration system in order to meet the emission standard of Ukraine applied to the installation of a new unit, emission standards of EU and IFC/WB EHS guidelines. ・ Quantitative survey, prediction, assessment in the EIA, including cumulative impact
(b) In the case of coal-fired power plants, is there a possibility that fugitive coal dust from coal piles, coal handling facilities, and dust from coal ash disposal sites will cause air pollution? Are adequate measures taken to prevent the air pollution?
・Flying coal dust ・Flying coal ash
○ ○
Implementation of mitigation measures currently used at the existing units (water sprinkling at the coal storage site, transportation of coal to the coal disposal site through slurry method)
(2) Water quality
(a) Do effluents including thermal effluents from the power plant comply with the country’s effluent standards? Is there a possibility that the effluents from the project will cause areas that do not comply with the country’s ambient water quality standards or cause a significant temperature rise in the receiving waters?
・Thermal effluent discharge ・Plant effluent discharge ・Cumulative impact of the existing units
● ○ ●
・ Installation of wastewater treatment plant to meet standards of EU, IFC/WB EHS guidelines for effluent (consideration of the capacity of the existing units, installation of additional treatment plant) ・ Quantitative survey, prediction, assessment in the EIA, including cumulative impact
(b) In the case of coal-fired power plants, do leachates from coal piles and coal ash disposal sites comply with the country’s effluent standards?
・Leachate from the coal storage site ・Leachate from ash disposal site
○ ○
・ Installation of wastewater treatment plant to meet standards of EU, IFC/WB EHS guidelines for effluent (consideration of the capacity of the existing units, installation of additional treatment plant) ・Preventive measures against leachate (check the permeability of the layer)
(c) Are adequate measures taken to prevent contamination of surface water, soil, groundwater, and seawater by the effluents?
Same as (a), (b) Same as (a), (b)
Same as (a), (b)
(3) Waste
(a) Are wastes (such as waste oils, and waste chemical agents), coal ash, and by-product gypsum from flue gas desulfurization generated by the power plant operations properly treated and disposed of in accordance with the country’s standards?
・Generation of coal ash ・Generation of plaster from desulfurization system ・Generation of waste oil and sludge
● ○ ○
・Confirmation of the capacity of the coal ash disposal site ・Consideration for reuse of coal ash and plaster ・ Continue implementation of waste disposal method used for the existing units
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Category
Environmental Item
Main Check Items Major Impact
Impact Level (●: large, ○: small, ×: none)
Mitigation Measure to be Conducted and Necessary Consideration
(4) Noise and Vibration
(a) Do noise and vibrations generated by the power plant operations comply with the country’s ambient standards, and occupational health and safety standards?
・ Noise from the machines and equipment ・ Cumulative impact of the existing units
○ ・Continuous implementation of noise mitigation method used for the existing units ・ Quantitative survey, prediction, assessment in the EIA, including cumulative impact
(5) Subsidence
(a) In the case of extraction of a large volume of groundwater, is there a possibility that the extraction of groundwater will cause subsidence?
× × Water used for the project is supplied from river water and not from ground water. Therefore, subsidence will not occur.
(6) Odor
(a) Are there any odor sources? Are adequate odor control measures taken?
Generation of residual ammonia
○ Appropriate injection of ammonia used in the flue gas denitration system
3 Natural E
nvironment
(1) Protected Areas
(a) Is the project site located in protected areas designated by the country’s laws or international treaties and conventions? Is there a possibility that the project will affect the protected areas?
Power generation equipment
× The project relates to the expansion of the existing power plant. The project site is not located within the protected area, and is distant from the nearest protected area.
(2) Ecosystem and biota
(a) Does the project site encompass primeval forests, tropical rain forests, ecologically valuable habitats (e.g., coral reefs, mangroves, or tidal flats)?
Power generation equipment
× The project relates to the expansion of the existing power plant, and there is no a natural forest within the site.
(b) Does the project site encompass the protected habitats of endangered species designated by the country’s laws or international treaties and conventions?
Power generation equipment
× The project relates to the expansion of the existing power plant, and the site does not include habitat of precious species of fauna and flora.
(c) If significant ecological impacts are anticipated, are adequate environmental protection measures taken to reduce the impacts on ecosystem?
Power generation equipment
○ The project relates to the expansion of the existing power plant. The project site is already developed and is not rich with flora and fauna.
(d) Is there a possibility that the amount of water (e.g., surface water, groundwater) used by the project will adversely affect aquatic environments, such as rivers? Are adequate measures taken to reduce the impacts on aquatic environments, such as aquatic organisms?
Acquisition of cooling water and plant water
○ ・Reconsideration of the acquisition of water amount required (decreased quantity of cooling water and increased quantity of denitrition) ・ Field and document surveys concerning organisms in rivers during the EIA process
(e) Is there a possibility that discharge of thermal effluents, intake of a large volume of cooling water or discharge of leachates will adversely affect the ecosystem of surrounding water areas?
・ Thermal effluent discharge ・ Discharge of wastewater from the plant ・ Cumulative impact of the existing units
● ○ ●
・ Installation of wastewater treatment plant to meet standards of EU, IFC/WB EHS guidelines for effluent (consideration of the capacity of the existing units, installation of additional treatment plant) ・ Quantitative survey, prediction, assessment in the EIA, including cumulative impact
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Category
Environmental Item
Main Check Items Major Impact
Impact Level (●: large, ○: small, ×: none)
Mitigation Measure to be Conducted and Necessary Consideration
4 Social Environm
ent
(1) Resettlement
(a) Is involuntary resettlement caused by project implementation? If involuntary resettlement is caused, are efforts made to minimize the impacts caused by the resettlement?
Land acquisition
× The project relates to the expansion of the existing power plant. The coal ash disposal site has already been installed, and further land acquisition and resettlement is not necessary.
(b) Is adequate explanation on relocation and compensation given to affected persons prior to resettlement?
ditto ditto Ditto
(c) Is the resettlement plan, including proper compensation, restoration of livelihoods and living standards developed based on socioeconomic studies on resettlement?
ditto ditto Ditto
(d) Will compensation paid before resettlement?
ditto ditto Ditto
(e) Is the compensation policy established in a document?
ditto ditto Ditto
(f) Does the resettlement plan pay particular attention to vulnerable groups or persons, including women, children, the elderly, people below the poverty line, ethnic minorities, and indigenous peoples?
ditto ditto Ditto
(g) Are agreements with the affected persons obtained prior to resettlement?
ditto ditto Ditto
(h) Is the organizational framework established to properly implement resettlement? Are the capacity and budget secured to implement the plan?
ditto ditto Ditto
(i) Is a plan developed to monitor the impacts of resettlement?
ditto ditto Ditto
(j) Is a grievance system developed?
ditto ditto Ditto
(2) Living and Livelihood
(a) Is there a possibility that the project will adversely affect the living conditions of inhabitants? Are adequate measures considered to reduce the impacts, if necessary?
Inflow of workers and increased economic activity
○ Enhancement of local activity by promotion of employment of local people and active utilization of the local companies.
(b) Is sufficient infrastructure (e.g., hospitals, schools, roads) available for the project implementation? If existing infrastructure is insufficient, is a plan developed to construct new infrastructure or improve existing infrastructure?
Inflow of workers and development of infrastructure
× The infrastructures in the town for the workers (school, hospital), reservoir, access road are already developed in the surrounding area of the power plant, since the exciting power plant had already constructed.
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Category
Environmental Item
Main Check Items Major Impact
Impact Level (●: large, ○: small, ×: none)
Mitigation Measure to be Conducted and Necessary Consideration
(c) Is there a possibility that large vehicle traffic associated with the project will affect road traffic in the surrounding areas? Are adequate measures considered to reduce the impacts on traffic, if necessary?
Increased traffic caused by construction vehicles
○ Prior notification of construction schedule, implementation of safety measures for vehicle traffics
(d) Is there a possibility that diseases (including communicable diseases, such as HIV) will be introduced due to immigration of workers associated with the project? Are adequate considerations given to public health, if necessary?
Increased traffic caused by construction vehicles
○ Prior notification of construction schedule, implementation of accident prevention measures for vehicle traffics
(e) Is there a possibility that the amount of water used (e.g., surface water, groundwater) and discharge of thermal effluents by the project will adversely affect existing water uses and uses of water areas (especially fishing)?
・ Water intake for cooling water and plant water ・ Thermal effluent discharge ・ Discharge of wastewater from the plant
○ ・Reconsideration of the amount of water needed (reduction of cooling water use and increase of desulfurization system water) ・Survey of fishing operation status
4 Social Environm
ent
(3) Heritage
(a) Is there a possibility that the project will damage the local archeological, historical, cultural, and religious heritage sites? Are adequate measures considered to protect these sites in accordance with the country’s laws?
Installation of power generation facility
× The project relates to the expansion of the existing power plant. There are no archaeological, historical, cultural, religious heritage sites within the project site.
(4) Landscape
(a) Is there a possibility that the project will adversely affect the local landscape? Are necessary measures taken?
Installation of power generation facility
× There are agricultural land and town around the project site, but no tourist site.
(5) Ethnic Minorities and Indigenous Peoples
(a) Are considerations given to reduce the impacts on culture and lifestyle of ethnic minorities and indigenous peoples?
Land acquisition
× The town for project workers has already been developed, and impact on the life of ethnic minorities and indigenous people is not predicted. The project relates to the expansion of the existing power plant and coal ash disposal site has already been developed.
(b) Does the project comply with the country’s laws for rights of ethnic minorities and indigenous peoples?
ditto ditto Ditto
(5) working conditions(including working safety)
(a) Is the project proponent not violating any laws and ordinances associated with the working conditions of the country which the project proponent should observe in the project?
Employment of workers
○ Laws and regulations concerning working environment should be checked.
(b) Are tangible safety considerations in place for individuals involved in the project, such as the installation of safety equipment which prevents industrial accidents, and management of hazardous materials?
Employment of workers
○ Fire preventive equipment and safety gear should be checked, including the equipment of the existing units.
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Category
Environmental Item
Main Check Items Major Impact
Impact Level (●: large, ○: small, ×: none)
Mitigation Measure to be Conducted and Necessary Consideration
(c) Are intangible measures being planned and implemented for individuals involved in the project, such as the establishment of a safety and health program, and safety training (including traffic safety and public sanitation) for workers etc.?
Employment of workers
○ Safety management, safety education, public sanitation, emergency management plan should be checked, including the equipment of the existing units.
(d) Are appropriate measures being taken to ensure that security guards involved in the project do not violate safety of other individuals involved, or local residents?
Employment of security personnel
○ Security personnel are placed at the entrance of the site at the existing power plant.
5 Others
(1) Impacts during construction
(a) Are adequate measures considered to reduce impacts during construction (e.g., noise, vibrations, turbid water, dust, exhaust gases, and wastes)?
・ Generation of dust ・ Generation of noise ・ Generation of turbid water ・ Generation of waste
○ The following mitigation measures should be taken in consideration of the nearby residential area. ・The rear deck of vehicles transporting sand and soil should be covered, and construction site and traffic road should be watered. ・Material-transportation vehicles should be kept in good condition. ・Piling activity should be limited to daytime to the possible extent. ・ Installation of drainage fitted to the geography and capacity prior to construction work. ・Pollutant should be appropriately managed similar to the existing units.
(b) If construction activities adversely affect the natural environment (ecosystem), are adequate measures considered to reduce impacts?
Land development
○ The project relates to the expansion of the existing power plant. The project site is already developed and is not rich with flora and fauna.
(c) If construction activities adversely affect the social environment, are adequate measures considered to reduce impacts?
・ Inflow of workers and increased economic activity ・ Increased traffic caused by construction vehicles
○ ○
・ Enhancement of local activity by promotion of employment of local people and active utilization of the local companies ・ Prior notification of construction schedule, implementation of accident prevention measures for vehicle traffics
(2) Accident prevention
(a) In the case of coal-fired power plants, are adequate measures planned to prevent spontaneous combustion at the coal piles? (e.g., sprinkler systems).
Combustion at the coal storage
The coal storage site should be equipped with a water sprinkler to prevent spontaneous fire, similar to the existing units.
(3) Monitoring
(a) Does the proponent develop and implement monitoring program for the environmental items described above that are considered to have potential impacts?
- - Regular monitoring of exhaust gas, effluent, ambient air quality, water quality, and noise according to the monitoring plan developed during the EIA process.
(b) Are the items, methods and frequencies included in the monitoring program judged to be appropriate?
- - Implementation of appropriate monitoring items, method and frequency in cooperation with the regulatory authority according to the monitoring plan developed during the EIA process.
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Category
Environmental Item
Main Check Items Major Impact
Impact Level (●: large, ○: small, ×: none)
Mitigation Measure to be Conducted and Necessary Consideration
(c) Does the proponent establish an adequate monitoring framework (organization, personnel, equipment, and adequate budget to sustain the monitoring framework)?
- - Development of monitoring organization according to the environmental management plan
(d) Are any regulatory requirements pertaining to the monitoring report system identified, such as the format and frequency of reports from the proponent to the regulatory authorities?
- - Report the results to the regulatory authority.
6 Note
Reference to Checklist of Other Sectors
(a) Where necessary, pertinent items described in the Power Transmission and Distribution Lines checklist should also be checked (e.g., projects including installation of electric transmission lines and/or electric distribution facilities).
- - The plan for transmission line will be considered.
(b) Where necessary, pertinent items described in the Ports and Harbors checklist should also be checked (e.g., projects including construction of port and harbor facilities).
- - Railways will be used for transportation. The installation of port facility such as jetty is not planned.
Note on Using Environmental Checklist
(a) If necessary, the impacts to transboundary or global issues should be confirmed (e.g., the project includes factors that may cause problems, such as transboundary waste treatment, acid rain, destruction of the ozone layer, and global warming).
- - High-efficiency USC (ultra supercritical) boiler is used to reduce CO2 emission per power generation compared to the existing units.
(Source: prepared by the Study Team)
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(4) Overview of the Laws and Regulations concerning Environmental-Social Considerations of the Host Country and the Measures needed for Clearing
1) Environmental Administration in Ukraine
In February 2002, MENR (Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources) was established in Ukraine as the
national governmental organization responsible for environmental administration, which was later reorganized
into MEP (Ministry of Environmental Protection) and State Committee for National Resources in September 2003.
MEP is responsible for the development and implementation of national regulations and policies concerning
environmental protection.
The Ministry consists of five departments supervising the activities of five inspectorates (ecological and forest at
the national level, and three sea inspectorates) with a total of approximately 4,000 staffs. The Ministry also
oversees the work of three State Services (Geological, Natural Reserves, and Geodesy and Cartography), five
research institutes and six state enterprises. Figure 4-11 describes the structure of the subordinated agencies of the
Ministry for Environmental Protection.
Figure 4-11 Structure of the Subordinated Agencies of the Ministry for Environmental Protection
(Source: UNITED NATION, ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE REVIEWS UKRAINE, 2007)
4-35
2) Environmental Laws and Regulations in Ukraine
a) Environmental Protection Law
Over the first decade since the time Ukraine was declared independent in 1991, a system of ecological regulations
was being built in Ukraine. Of the principal legal documents referring to environmental protection, around 80.
The Environmental Protection Law approved in 1991 constitutes the main environmental regulation. It
encompasses a new policy and rules compared to the time of Soviet Union, as can be seen from the description
“Environmental protection, the rational use of natural resources, providing of ecological safety of vital functions
of man are an inalienable condition of permanent economic and social development of Ukraine”.
Other principal laws and regulations are:
・ 1992 Law on the protection of Atmospheric Air(1992, amended in 2001)
・ 1992 Land Code
・ 1993 Law on the Sanitary and Epidemiological Prosperity of Population
・ 1994 Forest Code
・ 1995 Water Code
・ 1995 Law on Environmental Examination
・ 1998 Law on Waste
・ 2001 The Law on Air Protection (Revision)
・ 2002 The procedure for approving investment programs and construction projects and performing complex
state environmental impact assessments (Cabinet of Ministers Resolution No. 483)
・ 2003 The State Construction Norms DBN A.2.2-1-2003 “Structure and content of the documentation for
environmental impact assessment (EIA) in designing and building industrial enterprises, buildings and
structures. Main regulations for design”
・ 2004 The Law on Environmental Audits
The system of the environmental law and regulations in Ukraine is complicated: the United Nation’s
Environmental Performance Review Report pointed out that “it should be more systematically-organized to be
consistent with the regulation system of EC (European Commission) laws of EU”.
b) Law on the Protection of Atmospheric Air
The ambient air quality standards are regulated by State Sanitary rules for Air Protection from Pollution (with
Chemical and Biological Agents) in Human Settlements, the MOH on 09.07.1997 № 201 in Ukraine. 24-hours
average concentration, the maximum allowable concentration, and risk classification are established for 509
materials. The standard values for PM2.5 and PM10 are not established in Ukraine. The standard value for dust is
regulated based on the dust types and the content rate of silicon compounds, not on particle sizes.
Table 4-8 Ambient Air Quality Standards (μg/m3)
items Ukraine1 EU2 IFC3
Maximum 500 - 500(10min)
SO2 One-hour value - 350 -
24-hour value 50 125 125(Target
Value 1)
Maximum 200 - -
NO2 One-hour value - 200 200
24-hour value 40 - -
Annual average - 40 40
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NO Maximum 400 - -
24-hour value 60 - -
PM10 24-hour value - 50 150(Target
Value 1)
Annual average - 40 70(Target Value
1)
PM2.5 24-hour value - - 75(Target Value
1)
Annual average - 25
35(Target Value
1)
1. State sanitary rules for air protection from pollution (with chemical and biological agents) in human
settlements, the MOH on 09.07.1997 № 201
2. Directive 2008/50/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2008 on Ambient Air
Quality and Cleaner Air for Europe
3. Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines, General
(Source: prepared by the Study Team)
The emission standard of hazardous materials from over 50MW thermal power plant is regulated by MEP Order
No. 541 of October 22, 2008 in Ukraine. Table 4-9 and 4-10 indicate the emission standard applied to the existing
unit and the new unit, respectively.
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Table 4-9 Emission Standards for the Existing Units (mg/Nm3)
Item Ukraine1(>50MW)
EU2
(>300MW) IFC3
(Boiler) Before 2015/12/31
After 2016/1/1
Dust 1,000 50(≧500MW) 100(<500MW)
10 50
SO24 400-5,100
2,000 (≦100MW) 400-2,000(100~≦500MW)
400 (>500MW) 150
200-850 (≧600MW)
NOx 400-2,000 600(≦500MW) 200(>500MW)
200 510
CO 250 250 - -
Notes: solid, O26%
1. On adoption of limit values on emission of pollutants from power-generating units with nominal capacity
more than 50MW, MEP Order No. 541 of October 22, 2008
2. Directive 2010/75/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 on industrial
emissions (integrated pollution prevention and control)
3. Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines for Thermal Power Plants
4. In case the power plant is operated for 2,000 hours a year until 2015/12/31 and 1,500 hours a year from
2016/1/1, SO2 emission standard of 800 (mg/Nm3) is applied.
(Source: prepared by the Study Team)
Table 4-10 Emission Standards for the new unit (mg/Nm3)
Item Ukraine1
(>100MW) EU2
(>300MW) IFC3
(Boiler)
Dust 30 10 50
SO2 200 150 200-850
(≧600MW) NOx 200 200 510 CO 250 - -
Notes: solid, O26%
1. On adoption of limit values on emission of pollutants from power-generating units with nominal capacity
more than 50MW, MEP Order No. 541 of October 22, 2008
2. Directive 2010/75/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 on industrial
emissions (integrated pollution prevention and control)
3. Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines for Thermal Power Plants
(Source: prepared by the Study Team)
c) Water Quality Regulations
In Ukraine, the Environmental Quality Standards for water are established based on the standards of the Soviet
Union period (The Maximum Permissible Concentrations of Hazardous Substances in Water of Water Bodies,
Used for Industrial, Drinking, Cultural and Domestic Water Use (1,345 substances) (4/7/88)). The water quality
standards in Ukraine regulate the safety standard concerning water use, water quality standard for water
area/system and the maximum allowable concentrations, and not the total discharge amount. The maximum
allowable concentrations are usually determined according to the environmental quality standards of the
relevant water system/area by the experts of MEP, etc. Table 4-11 describes the environmental quality standards
for water.
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Table 4-11 Environmental Quality Standards for Water
・ Comments and suggestions, which were received after the publication of the Statement of Intent
・ Outline for monitoring program
The EIA report, after including the opinions from the State Ecological Expertise (SEE), will finally be approved
by the cabinet council. The SEE endorsement is valid for 3 years from the date of issue. This means that if
construction does not start during this period, the whole EIA procedure would need start all over from the
beginning. The EIA approval procedure includes:
・ Submission of the “Statement of Intent” by the project proponent
・ Preparation of the EIA report by the project proponent
・ Opinions from the SEE
・ Public consultation
・ Final approval of EIA
In Ukraine, the implementation of public consultation and information disclosure concerning EIA is required by
the law during the approval process of the project. An EIA report is disclosed on the official website of the
government and opinions from the public invited. The procedure of the public consultation and information
disclosure is regulated by the MEP Order No.168 of 18/12, 2003.
b) Measures to be taken for the EIA
In Ukraine, the legal revision of the EIA is in progress according to the European legal systems. Paying attention
to the trend of these revisions, the EIA for the project needs to be implemented in the future.
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It is essentially important to disclose the information and conduct public consultation from the earliest possible
stage of the project’s EIA according to the laws and regulations of Ukraine and the environmental social
consideration guidelines of JICA and others, and thereby appropriately collecting the local people and
stakeholder’s opinions and reflecting them to the design, construction activity and operation of the project.
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(5) The Requirement for the Host Country (Project Proponent and other related Organizations) for the Implementation of the Project The project is planed for the expansion of the existing power plant. In view of the deterioration of the existing
units, the project proponent should develop the EIA report according to the laws and regulations of Ukraine based
on the result of the survey and prediction listed below, including the adequate consideration of
stopping/decommission of the existing units, efficiency of the fuel gas treatment system, water use, thermal
effluent discharge, taking special attention on the cumulative impact, in order to improve or not to deteriorate the
present status.
・ Air quality: assessment of the current pollution level
・ Water quality: assessment of the current water temperature of the reservoir in relation to the thermal
effluent discharge
・ Noise: assessment of noise level in the surrounding residential area
Chapter 5 Financial and Economic Evaluation
5-1
(1) Project Cost Estimation
1) Construction Cost (Engineering, Procurement and Construction: EPC)
Based on the configuration diagram of the proposed power plant shown in Figure 3-3 Chapter 3 and the average
figure of the contract amounts of the recent USC coal-fired TPPs being used as a reference, EPC cost is estimated
as the Table 5-1. District heating shall be provided by the existing facilities and no cost is included for this
purpose.
Table 5-1 Construction Cost of 600MW USC Coal-Fired TPP
Item Cost Breakdown
Foreign (US$ mil) Local (UAH mil.) Total (US$ mil)