Volume 21(1), 150- 157, 2017 JOURNAL of Horticulture, Forestry and Biotechnology www.journal-hfb.usab-tm.ro 150 Study on chemical composition of Agaricus blazei Murrill mushroom, produced on different substrates Rózsa S. 1* , Măniuțiu D.N. 1 , Gocan Tincuța-Marta 1 , Sima Rodica 1 , Rózsa Melinda 2 1 University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Horticulture 3-5 Mănăștur St., 400372, Cluj-Napoca, România; 2 SC Ciupercăria SRL, 332 Aghireșu-Fabrici, 407010, Cluj County, România, www.ciupercaria.com *Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]Abstract All edible mushrooms are high in vitamin B plus other vitamins such as vitamin C and ergosterol. Bioactive compounds from edible mushrooms have become new products for health therapy, especially anti- cancer therapies. Almond mushroom - Agaricus blazei Murrill was discovered and popularised as late as the 20th century. However, it has been known for its exceptional properties in the places of its origin for a long time. Studies have been conducted worldwide for several decades, aiming at the precise determination of these properties and their applicability in medicine. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of four growing substrates of Agaricus blazei Murrill mushroom on the chemical composition of mushrooms. Key words compost, Agaricus blazei Murrill, vitamin B, vitamin C, ergosterol The fruiting bodies of Agaricus blazei Murrill contain 89-91% water, which is in general less than that of A. bisporus. Almost 48% of total dry matter consists of crude protein and 18% of carbohydrates, but the lipid content is only 0.5% [6]. The fruiting bodies of Agaricus blazei Murrill contain high levels of valuable minerals, e.g. potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Nevertheless, a minute amount of cadmium was also detectable [6]. Bioactive compounds of mushrooms can be isolated from their fruiting bodies, or culture extraction from pure culture of mycelia [1]. Agaricus blazei Murrill has been reported to produce various bioactive compounds that have potential to treat many diseases [5]. This mushroom has been used as a medicinal food for the prevention of cancer, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, arteriosclerosis, and chronic hepatitis, and is known to stimulate the immune system [20]. Several categories of molecules are involved in beneficial effects of Agaricus blazei Murrill and most of them are common to the entire fungal kingdom [10]. Some compounds (such as ergosterol and b-glucans) are considered as biochemical markers for the kingdom and are ubiquitous. β-Glucans are cell wall constituents that can be found in many fungi [10]. Agaricus blazei Murrill is a well-known medicinal mushroom used in many countries, and thus consumption of this mushroom is used as an alternative way to cure diseases. Various pharmaceutical activities have been found associated with Agaricus blazei Murrill and researches to reveal the function of bioactive compounds are extensive. Recent studies have been performed in vitro and in vivo to confirm the mushrooms therapeutic properties [5]. Identification of (novel) immunomodulating bioactive compounds from the mushroom may also help in new treatments for patients suffering from cancer and immunodeficiency [13]. Almond mushroom is a saprophytic species, growing well on soils rich in ligno-cellulose residue [19]. As it was reported by Stamets [19], Wasser [21] and Dias [4], natural habitats for this species include mixed forests, first of all their margins, as well as fields in upland and mountainous areas of Brazil and Peru. Almond mushroom is the so-called secondary saprophyte, developing on partially processed substrate, in which microorganisms reduced complex ligno-cellulose compounds [2]. Numerous authors have shown that due to the similar life cycle in the cultivation of almond mushroom technologies developed for white button mushroom may be applied. However, almond mushroom requires high temperature and high humidity as well as access to light to form fruiting bodies [2,3,4,11,18]. In Brazil, due to the advantageous climatic conditions this species is frequently grown outdoors; however, in other countries - mainly due to its high temperature requirements - such cultivation system is risky and may only be successful during very warm summers [9,18,19]. The results of Agaricus cultivation to a considerable degree are determined by the composition of the substrate. Unfortunately, there is a limited body of data concerning growing media for almond mushroom cultivation. Frequently producers, particularly in Brazil and Japan, use substrate with the composition developed for white button mushroom [11]. However,
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Volume 21(1), 150- 157, 2017 JOURNAL of Horticulture, Forestry and Biotechnology www.journal-hfb.usab-tm.ro
150
Study on chemical composition of Agaricus blazei Murrill mushroom, produced on different substrates Rózsa S.1*, Măniuțiu D.N.1, Gocan Tincuța-Marta1, Sima Rodica1, Rózsa Melinda2
1University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Horticulture 3-5 Mănăștur St.,
România, www.ciupercaria.com *Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] Abstract All edible mushrooms are high in vitamin B plus other vitamins such as vitamin C and ergosterol. Bioactive compounds from edible mushrooms have become new products for health therapy, especially anti-cancer therapies. Almond mushroom - Agaricus blazei Murrill was discovered and popularised as late as the 20th century. However, it has been known for its exceptional properties in the places of its origin for a long time. Studies have been conducted worldwide for several decades, aiming at the precise determination of these properties and their applicability in medicine. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of four growing substrates of Agaricus blazei Murrill mushroom on the chemical composition of mushrooms.