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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)
Volume 8, Issue 5, May 2017, pp.968–983, Article ID: IJCIET_08_05_105
Available online at http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJCIET?Volume=8&Issue=5
ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316
© IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed
STUDY OF OMRF AND SMRF STRUCTURES
FOR DIFFERENT EARTHQUAKE ZONES OF
INDIA
J. Bhattacharjee
Prof. & Advisor, Department of Civil Engineering, Amity University, UP, Noida, India.
ABSTRACT
The increase in the rate of earthquake every year and thereby increasing loss of
life and property has led to necessity of comparing the methods of
analyzing/designing of building structures. The study of the building structures was
done by classifying them into two methods i.e. Ordinary RC Moment Resisting Frames
(OMRF) structures and Special RC Moment Resisting Frame (SMRF) Structures. In
these study two comparisons has been done. First comparison is between OMRF and
SMRF structures. Second comparison is the behavior of a building structure in
different earthquake zones of India. STAAD Pro software is used for designing
structures, for four Earthquake zones. In this study the variation in the structure was
done while designing, considering OMRF and SMRF Structures. For that purpose
fixed dimensions of beams and columns was taken, so as to co-relate the variation in
the displacement of OMRF and SMRF Structure due to lateral force generated by the
earthquake in x and z direction. In conclusion, the comparison of study output is done
for following the suitable method of designing the structure for safety purpose, to
prevent the loss of life, infrastructure and to meet the better serviceability criteria
during the earthquake.
Key Words: OMRF, SMRF, Framed Structures, Serviceability Criteria.
Cite this Article: J. Bhattacharjee Study of OMRF and SMRF Structures for
Different Earthquake Zones of India. International Journal of Civil Engineering and
Technology, 8(5), 2017, pp. 968–983.
http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJCIET?Volume=8&Issue=5
1. INTRODUCTION
Every building behaves differently when exposed to earthquake force. The shape of building,
size of the building, total weight of the building at the same time vertical uniformity matters
and should be studied. The priority of strength, rigidity, ductileness should also be
considered. To resist the earthquake force which comes on the structure through lateral
direction, we have many options to resist that force such as moment resisting frames in which
we have three options; first one is ordinary moment resisting frames (OMRF), second one is
special moment resisting frames (SMRF), third one is special moment resisting frames
(SMRF) with shear wall. Further, we can also have bearing wall system, side (lateral)
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bracing option. The most important concern is to identify the most suitable option according
to the condition available as well as resources available.
In this piece of work, the study of the behavior of the building structure is done by
classifying them into two categories one is Ordinary RC Moment Resisting Frames Structure
and second is Special RC Moment Resisting Frame Structures. In this project our concern is
only confined to reinforced concrete structure. It has been observed that advanced analysis is
required for all the structures located in the Nation. So, we are doing our analysis for all the
four zones of India. The history of the Indian earthquake zone division indicates that there
were changes in the earthquake zones many times. The zone I is now completely merged with
zone II, whereas many zones up gradation has also been done. So it is the need of the hour to
have such type of solution that whenever any up gradation is done, the structure which was
constructed before up gradation will also be safe after up gradation. To find the solution of
such problem with the available earthquake codes this piece of research is done. In this study
we have analyses the following:
• Find out variation in the displacement of the Ordinary RC Moment Resisting
Frames Structures to the Special RC Moment Resisting Frames Structures.
• Calculate the seismic behavior of the structure in different zones as well as with
the different heights of buildings/structures.
Different codes used for the designing are Indian standard 875 (l & 2), Indian standard
1893:2002 (l), Indian standard 456:2000 and Indian standard 13920:1993.
2. DESIGN IDEOLOGY
2.1. Preface to building arrangement
In this report we are dealing with the variation in the structure designed as Ordinary RC
Moment Resisting Frame Structures and Special RC Moment Resisting Frame Structures. For
that purpose we have fixed some dimensions so that we can relate the variation in
displacement due to lateral force generated by the earthquake in x and z direction both.
The structure which is designed is having dimensions of 20 x 30 m. The dimension 20 m
is along the length wise direction and the dimension 30 m is along the depth wise direction.
Each length as well as depth both have five division due to which the dimension of one
division along the length is divided into five parts i.e. 20/5 resulting into 4 m, also the
dimension of one division along the depth is divided into five parts i.e. 30/5 resulting into 6
m. The analysis for the detail design of structure is done by structural analysis and design
programming known as Staad pro. The thickness of the slab provided is also fixed for all the
building structures. The thickness of the slab is assumed as 140 mm.
2.2. Earthquake zones in India
In India the zonal division till present date is of four zones starting from zone II to the zone
V; the complete mountain range of north as well as east is coming under zone V; in addition
to this Nicobar Islands and part of Gujarat also comes under zone V with some portion of
Maharashtra also. This is that region where the earthquake of very high magnitude had
occurred earlier in the history. The zonal division is according to the magnitude. The zonal
divisions are changed / revised according to the occurrence of the earthquake as shown in
Figure 1-4.
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Figure 1 1962 seismic map of India.
Figure 2 1966 seismic map of India.
Figure 3 1970 seismic map of India.
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Figure 4 Present seismic map of India
3. DELIBERATION ON EXEMPLARY BUILDING
In this exemplary buiding, design structures were done as Ordinary RC Moment Resisting
Frames Structures and Special RC Moment Resisting Frames Structures. The model is
designed according to the requirement of the section in such a way that we need to keep the
section constant in all the zones. Here while designing 5 story structure as shown in Figure 5,
the section of beam, column, plate same for earthquake zone II to V was kept same. The only
thing which is changed is the reinforcement. But the section of column and beams will be
different for ordinary moment resisting frames and special moment resisting frames. But the
section of ordinary moment resisting frames for all zone will be constant.
Figure 5 5 Storey structure
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3.1. Loading and Dimension of the sections
5 Storey OMRF
Space Column size mm Beam size mm in
X direction
Beam size mm in Z
direction Slab thickness
Upto 5 storey 0.4x0.55 0.3x0.5 0.3x0.6 140
5 Storey SMRF
Space Column size mm Beam size mm
in X direction
Beam size mm
in Z direction Slab thickness
Upto 5 storey 0.35x0.55 0.3x0.45 0.3x0.5 140
Load considered for the analysis are: Live load = 3kn/m2 ; Seismic load = Indian standard
1893:2002 (l), Live load = Indian standard 875(ll); Dead load = Indian standard 875 (l);
Indian standard 1893:2002 (l)
Zone factor considered is for Zone ll =0.1, Zone lll = 0.16 , Zone lV = 0.24, Zone V =
0.36
Response reduction factor considered For ordinary moment resisting frame structure = 3
and for For special moment resisting frame structure = 5
Load combinations taken are i) 1.5xD.L+1.5xI.L, ii) 1.2xD.L+1.2xI.L±1.2xEL(+X),
i) 1.2xD.L+1.2xI.L±1.2xEL(-X), iv) 1.2xD.L+1.2xI.L±1.2xEL(+Z) , v)
2xD.L+1.2xI.L±1.2xEL(-Z), vi) 0.9xD.L±1.5xEL(+X), vii) 0.9xD.L±1.5xEL(-X),
viii) 0.9xD.L±1.5xEL(+Z), xi) 0.9xD.L±1.5xEL(-Z), x) 1.5xD.L±1.5xEL(-X), xi)
1.5xD.L±1.5xEL(+Z), xii) 1.5xD.L±1.5xEL(-Z), xiii) 1.5xD.L±1.5xEL(+X)
Design calculation: The designing of different structures has been done and a combination
of minimum dimention of column has been find out to resist the load as well as a section of
the column which is capable to bearing streangth in all the zone from II to V. different models
for different structures has been made for the 5, 10, 15, 20 with Ordinary RC Moment
Resisting Frames Structures also for the Special RC Moment Resisting Frames Structures.
The software used for analysis is Structural Analysis and Design Programming (STAAD
Pro).
4. ORDINARY RC MOMENT RESISTING FRAMES STRUCTURES
AND SPECIAL RC MOMENT RESISTING FRAMES STRUCTURES
The ordinary moment resisting frame structure is designed by creating nodes than joining the
nodes by using the beam node cursor than the column is created by using the beam node
cursor. The support provided to the structure is fixed. The load of the wall is assigned to the
beams and also the load coming from the slab is coming in the vertical direction is also
assigned to the beams. The horizontal force which are coming are prevented by the slab
which helps in preventing the deformation of the structure. Special RC Moment Resisting
Frame Structure is also made by the same procedure. The difference is in the seismic load
defination.
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5. RESULTS OF THE PROJECT WORK
5.1. Performance of OMRF Structure and SMRF Structure
The performance of Ordinary RC Moment Resisting Frame and Special RC Moment
Resisting Frame is analysed. For the purpose of analysis a structure having dimension 20x30
m is taken. In which there are five division in both the direction , due to which the value of
single pannel becomes 4x6. The building is analysied in all four zones of india. The drift is
properly checked and according to the provision of indian standard 1893:2002code clause
7.11.1. the values are with in the permissible limit i.e. h/250 = 0.004 h, here h is representing
the height upto that storey. Later on the analysis of ordinary RC moment resisting frame and
special RC moment resisting frame is done.
5.2. Observation of the deflection of OMRF Structure and SMRF Structure
The deflection for the building having dimension of 20x30 m is analysed for both i.e.
ordinary moment resisting frame and special moment resisting frame by varing the height
keeping the base dimention constant, the height which is varied is 5, 10, 15, 20 story. The
analysis which is done by using staad. Pro is as follows.
The values of maximum deflection is taken in all the load combination. In all cases we
have used the maximum value of deflection in X direction and Z direction by using the load
combination.
The value of deflection for ordinary RC moment resisting frame and special RC moment
resisting frame is as follows:
5.2.1. For zone II
For the 5 storey in x and z direction by using the load combination as shown in Table 1.
Table 1 StoreyX and Z Direction Zone II
Floor OMRF Structure SMRF Structure OMRF Structure SMRF Structure
X direction cm X direction cm X direction cm Z direction cm
0. 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
1. 0.0749 0.0450 0.0985 0.0591
2. 0.5073 0.3044 0.7022 0.4213
3. 0.9810 0.5886 1.3330 0.7998
4. 1.4165 0.8499 1.9067 1.1440
5. 1.7660 1.0596 2.3638 1.4183
6. 1.9820 1.1892 2.6354 1.5813
Observation of the deflection of OMRF Structure and SMRF Structure 5 storey in x
direction.
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Observation of the deflection of OMRF Structure and SMRF Structure 5 storey in z
direction.
From the above two graph value it is very clear that the results of OMRF Structure are
less safer as compared to SMRF Structure in terms of storey drift.
5.2.2. For zone III
Table 2 5 Storey X and Z Direction Zone III
Floor OMRF
Structure SMRF Structure
OMRF
Structure
SMRF
Structure
X direction X direction Z direction Z direction
0. 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
1. 0.1199 0.0719 0.1575 0.0946
2. 0.8117 0.4870 1.1235 0.6741
3. 1.5696 0.9417 2.1328 1.2797
4. 2.2664 1.3598 3.0507 1.8304
5. 2.8255 1.6953 3.7820 2.2692
6. 3.1712 1.9027 4.2167 2.5300
Observation of the deflection of OMRF Structure and SMRF Structure 5 storey in x
direction.
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
0 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
5 storey x direction zone II
OMRF Structure SMRF Structure
0
1
2
3
0 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
5 storey z direction zone II
OMRF Structure SMRF Structure
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Observation of the deflection of OMRF Structure and SMRF Structure 5 storey in z
direction.
From the above two graph value it is very clear that the results of OMRF Structure are
less safer as compared to SMRF Structure in terms of storey drift.
5.2.3. For zone IV
Table 3 5 Storey X and Z Direction Zone IV
Floor OMRF Structure SMRF Structure OMRF Structure SMRF Structure
X direction X direction Z direction Z direction
0. 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
1. 0.1798 0.1079 0.2364 0.1418
2. 1.2176 0.7305 1.6852 1.0111
3. 2.3543 1.4126 3.1992 1.9195
4. 3.3996 2.0398 4.5760 2.7456
5. 4.2383 2.5430 5.6730 3.4038
6. 4.7568 2.8541 6.3250 3.7950
Observation of the deflection of OMRF Structure and SMRF Structure 5 storey in x
direction.
0
1
2
3
4
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
5 storey x direction zone III
OMRF Structure SMRF Structure
0
1
2
3
4
5
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
5 storey z direction zone III
OMRF Structure SMRF Structure
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Observation of the deflection of OMRF Structure and SMRF Structure 5 storey in z
direction
From the above two graph value it is very clear that the results of OMRF Structure are
less safer as compared to SMRF Structure in terms of storey drift.
5.2.4. For zone V
Table 4. 5 Storey X and Z Direction Zone V
Floor OMRF Structure SMRF Structure OMRF Structure SMRF Structure
X direction X direction Z direction Z direction
0. 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
1. 0.2697 0.1618 0.3546 0.2128
2. 1.8263 1.0958 2.5278 1.5167
3. 3.5315 2.1189 4.7988 2.8793
4. 5.0994 3.0596 6.8641 4.1184
5. 6.3575 3.8145 8.5095 5.1057
6. 7.1352 4.2811 9.4876 5.6925
Observation of the deflection of OMRF Structure and SMRF Structure 5 storey in x
direction.
0
1
2
3
4
5
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
5 storey X direction zone IV
OMRF Structure SMRF Structure
0
2
4
6
8
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
5 storey z direction zone IV
OMRF Structure SMRF Structure
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Observation of the deflection of OMRF Structure and SMRF Structure 5 storey in z
direction
From the above two graphs value, it is very clear that the results of OMRF Structure are
less safer as compared to SMRF Structure in terms of storey drift.
5.3. Calculation of multiplication factor
Table 5 OMRF and SMRF Displacement Values of 5 Storey with all Zones
Floor
OMRF
Structure
zone II
SMRF
Structure
zone II
OMRF
Structure
zone III
SMRF
Structure
zone III
OMRF
Structure
zone IV
SMRF
Structure
zone IV
OMRF
Structure
zone V
SMRF
Structure
zone V
X direction X direction X direction X direction X direction X direction X direction X direction
1. 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
2. 0.0749 0.0450 0.1199 0.0719 0.1798 0.1079 0.2697 0.1618
3. 0.5073 0.3044 0.8117 0.4870 1.2176 0.7305 1.8263 1.0958
4. 0.9810 0.5886 1.5696 0.9417 2.3543 1.4126 3.5315 2.1189
5. 1.4165 0.8499 2.2664 1.3598 3.3996 2.0398 5.0994 3.0596
6. 1.7660 1.0596 2.8255 1.6953 4.2383 2.5430 6.3575 3.8145
7. 1.9820 1.1892 3.1712 1.9027 4.7568 2.8541 7.1352 4.2811
0
2
4
6
8
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
5 storey x direction zone V
OMRF Structure SMRF Structure
0
2
4
6
8
10
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
5 storey z direction zone V
OMRF Structure SMRF Structure
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Table 6 Multiplication Factor to Convert OMRF Displacement to
SMRF Displacement for all Zone
Floor OMRF Structure zone
II Multiplication factor
SMRF Structure zone
II
X direction cm Applicable for both direction X direction cm
1. 0.0000 0.6 0.0000
2. 0.0749 0.6 0.0450
3. 0.5073 0.6 0.3044
4. 0.9810 0.6 0.5886
5. 1.4165 0.6 0.8499
6. 1.7660 0.6 1.0596
7. 1.9820 0.6 1.1892
For checking the variation in behavior of a building /structure with repect to displacement
we have to use a multiplication factor of 0.6
Multiplication factor for calculating SMRF
SMRF = 0.6 OMRF
Table 7 5 Storey OMRF Value for all Zones
Floor OMRF Structure
zone II
OMRF Structure
zone III
OMRF Structure
zone IV
OMRF Structure
zone V
X direction cm X direction X direction X direction
1. 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
2. 0.0749 0.1199 0.1798 0.2697
3. 0.5073 0.8117 1.2176 1.8263
4. 0.9810 1.5696 2.3543 3.5315
5. 1.4165 2.2664 3.3996 5.0994
6. 1.7660 2.8255 4.2383 6.3575
7. 1.9820 3.1712 4.7568 7.1352
0
2
4
6
8
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
5 storey OMRF value for all zones
OMRF zone II OMRF Zone III OMRF Zone IV OMRF Zone V
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Table 8 Multiplication Factor to Convert Zone II into Zone III, IV, V Respectively
Floor
OMRF
Structure
zone II
Multiplication
factor
OMRF
Structure
zone III
Multiplication
factor
OMRF
Structure
zone IV
Multiplication
factor
OMRF
Structure
zone V
X direction
cm
Applicable for
zone II to zone
III
X direction
Applicable for
zone II to zone
IV
X direction
Applicable for
zone II to zone
V
X direction
1. 0.0000 1.6 0.0000 2.4 0.0000 3.6 0.0000
2. 0.0749 1.6 0.1199 2.4 0.1798 3.6 0.2697
3. 0.5073 1.6 0.8117 2.4 1.2176 3.6 1.8263
4. 0.9810 1.6 1.5696 2.4 2.3543 3.6 3.5315
5. 1.4165 1.6 2.2664 2.4 3.3996 3.6 5.0994
6. 1.7660 1.6 2.8255 2.4 4.2383 3.6 6.3575
7. 1.9820 1.6 3.1712 2.4 4.7568 3.6 7.1352
Table 9 Multiplication Factor to Convert Zone III Into Zone IV, V Respectively
Floor
OMRF
Structure
zone III
Multiplication
factor
OMRF
Structure zone
IV
Multiplication
factor
OMRF
Structure zone
V
X direction Applicable for zone
III to zone IV X direction
Applicable for zone
III to zone V X direction
1. 0.0000 1.5 0.0000 2.25 0.0000
2. 0.1199 1.5 0.1798 2.25 0.2697
3. 0.8117 1.5 1.2176 2.25 1.8263
4. 1.5696 1.5 2.3543 2.25 3.5315
5. 2.2664 1.5 3.3996 2.25 5.0994
6. 2.8255 1.5 4.2383 2.25 6.3575
7. 3.1712 1.5 4.7568 2.25 7.1352
Table 10 Multiplication Factor to Convert Zone IV Into Zone V
Floor OMRF Structure zone IV Multiplication factor OMRF Structure zone V
X direction Applicable for zone IV to zone
V X direction
1. 0.0000 1.5 0.0000
2. 0.1798 1.5 0.2697
3. 1.2176 1.5 1.8263
4. 2.3543 1.5 3.5315
5. 3.3996 1.5 5.0994
6. 4.2383 1.5 6.3575
7. 4.7568 1.5 7.1352
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For a building constructed in different zones having same type of soil the multiplication
factor will be for Zone II x 1.6=zone III , zone III x 1.5 = zone IV, zone IV x 1.5 = zone V;
Zone II x 2.4 = zone IV; Zone III x 2.25 = zone V; Zone II x 3.6 = zone V Multiplication
factor to find displacement from OMRF of one zone to SMRF of another zone.
Table 11 Multiplication Factor to Convert Displacement of OMRF of Zone II to SMRF of Zone III
Floor OMRF Structure zone
II Multiplication factor SMRF Structure zone III
X direction cm Applicable for zone II to Zone III X direction
1. 0.0000 0.959 0.0000
2. 0.0749 0.959 0.0719
3. 0.5073 0.959 0.4870
4. 0.9810 0.959 0.9417
5. 1.4165 0.959 1.3598
6. 1.7660 0.959 1.6953
7. 1.9820 0.959 1.9027
Table 12 Multiplication Factor to Convert Displacement of OMRF of Zone II to SMRF of Zone IV
Floor OMRF Structure zone
II Multiplication factor
SMRF Structure zone
IV
X direction cm Applicable for zone II to Zone
IV X direction
1. 0.0000 1.441 0.0000
2. 0.0749 1.441 0.1079
3. 0.5073 1.441 0.7305
4. 0.9810 1.441 1.4126
5. 1.4165 1.441 2.0398
6. 1.7660 1.441 2.5430
7. 1.9820 1.441 2.8541
Table 13 Multiplication Factor to Convert Displacement of OMRF of Zone II to SMRF of Zone V
Floor OMRF Structure
zone II Multiplication factor SMRF Structure zone V
X direction cm Applicable for zone II to Zone V X direction
1. 0.0000 2.16 0.0000
2. 0.0749 2.16 0.1618
3. 0.5073 2.16 1.0958
4. 0.9810 2.16 2.1189
5. 1.4165 2.16 3.0596
6. 1.7660 2.16 3.8145
7. 1.9820 2.16 4.2811
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Table 14 Multiplication Factor to Convert Displacement of OMRF of Zone III to SMRF of Zone IV
Floor OMRF Structure zone III Multiplication factor SMRF Structure zone IV
X direction Applicable for zone III to Zone IV X direction
1. 0.0000 0.9 0.0000
2. 0.1199 0.9 0.1079
3. 0.8117 0.9 0.7305
4. 1.5696 0.9 1.4126
5. 2.2664 0.9 2.0398
6. 2.8255 0.9 2.5430
7. 3.1712 0.9 2.8541
Table 15 Multiplication Factor to Convert Displacement of OMRF of Zone III to SMRF of Zone V
Floor OMRF Structure zone III Multiplication factor SMRF Structure zone V
X direction Applicable for zone III to Zone V X direction
1. 0.0000 1.35 0.0000
2. 0.1199 1.35 0.1618
3. 0.8117 1.35 1.0958
4. 1.5696 1.35 2.1189
5. 2.2664 1.35 3.0596
6. 2.8255 1.35 3.8145
7. 3.1712 1.35 4.2811
Table 16 Multiplication Factor to Convert Displacement of OMRF of Zone IV to SMRF of Zone V
Floor OMRF Structure zone IV Multiplication factor SMRF Structure zone V
X direction Applicable for zone IV to Zone V X direction
• 0.0000 0.9 0.0000
• 0.1798 0.9 0.1618
• 1.2176 0.9 1.0958
• 2.3543 0.9 2.1189
• 3.3996 0.9 3.0596
• 4.2383 0.9 3.8145
• 4.7568 0.9 4.2811
In Table 11, 14 and 16 the multiplication factor is less than 1, it means the displacement
value of OMRF Structure of zone II is higher than the SMRF value of zone III, OMRF
Structure of zone III is higher than the SMRF value of zone IV and OMRF Structure of zone
IV is higher than the SMRF value of zone V.
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Graph : OMRF and SMRF Displacement Values of 5 Storey with All Zones
6. CONCLUSION
This study was done to analyse the effect of lateral force on the high rise buildings,as the land
surface is fixed and there is very rapid growth of population in India. Due to which the study
of high rise building is important. As the rate of earthquake is increasing every year, so it
became more important to study the effect of earthquake forces on the high rise structure to
resist the lateral forces coming on the structure. the effect of lateral forces in the form of
displacement is done by using the structure analysis and design programe software. Along
with the lateral load coming from the earthquake the dead load and live load is also
considered.
The result from the above analysis is that the structure is more safe while using Special
RC Moment Resisting Frame Structure in comparison to the Ordinary RC Moment Resisting
Frame Structure. However the reinforcement required in the Special RC Moment Resisting
Frame Structure is more as compared to ordinary RC moment resisting frame structure.The
more intresting fact is that the high rise building displacement value is with in permisible
limit in special RC moment resisting frame structure as well as in ordinary RC moment
resisting frame structure; the percentage of steel used in special moment resisting frame is
high at joints due to the presence of more tie members near the joints as compared to ordinary
moment resisting frame structure. In this study we can cleary see the fact that a SMRF
structure whose dimensions are less than OMRF structure can resist more lateral force. If we
construct SMRF Structure in zone II, it will show less displacement than the OMRF structure
constructed in zone III. Simillar fact also exists for SMRF of zone III to OMRF of Zone IV
also for SMRF of zone IV to OMRF of zone V.
The designing of special moment resisting frame structure is advised because it can resist
more earthquake load coming in the form of lateral load and will provide more searvisibility
as compared to ordinary RC moment resisting frame structure, also it will make our structure
safe when there is up gradation of zone in eartthquake code.
0
2
4
6
8
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Chart Title
OMRF Structure zone 2 SMRF Structure zone 2 OMRF Structure zone 3
SMRF Structure zone 3 OMRF Structure zone 4 SMRF Structure zone 4
OMRF Structure zone 5 SMRF Structure zone 5
Page 16
Study of OMRF and SMRF Structures for Different Earthquake Zones of India
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