23 Study of Failure Criteria of Steel Columns under Compression – A Critical Review Sajal Kumar 1 , Sudhir Kumar Kashyap 2 , A.R. Ansari 3 1 Post Graduate Scholar, Production Technology and Management, Birsa Institute of Technology, Sindri, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India 2 Sr. Principal Scientist, CSIR- Central Institute of Mining & Fuel Research, Dhanbad, Jharkhand & Professor, Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR – CIMFR) 3 Assistant Professor, Deptt. of Production Engg, Birsa Institute of Technology, Sindri, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India International Journal of Research in Mechanical Engineering Volume 4, Issue 4, July-August, 2016, pp. 23-34 ISSN Online: 2347-5188 Print: 2347-8772, DOA: 25072016 © IASTER 2016, www.iaster.com ABSTRACT In this paper effort has been made to see the compressive behaviour of a column or pipe under axial compressive load. It has been seen that how slenderness effects the buckling behaviour and there is a certain fix length beyond which it starts bending or buckling. Different papers have been reviewed that deals with different cases of buckling of pipes and different factors on which the bucking behaviour depends. Apart from this it has been studied the different end conditions and shapes of cross section which affects the bending behaviour. Additionally, more emphasis were given on the different types of pipe failures, imperfections including cracks etc. and analysed the affects the buckling load thereof. Sectional geometry and wall thickness have also been taken into consideration in the critical review study. 1. INTRODUCTION It is observed that when the load on a pipe or column gradually increases the pipe will reach a stage when it will be subjected to the ultimate crushing stress. The column will crush beyond this stage. The load when it starts crushing is called crushing load. Sometimes it has been seen that, a column which is under compressive load does not fail entirely by crushing, but also by bending or buckling, this happens in the case of long columns or pipes. Hence, it is almost clear that all the short columns fail due to crushing. The load at which the column starts buckle or bend is called buckling or crippling load [1]. The phenomena of buckling occurs when most of the strain energy which is stored as membrane energy, can be converted to bending energy resulting large deformation and therefore causing catastrophic failure [2] . The study of buckling is particularly important for axial loaded members when the subjected compressive stress at the point of failure is less than the materials ultimate compressive stress. So, when designing axially compressed members in order to ensure failure will not occur from elastic instability a special consideration must be given to the compressive load and the components geometry [3] .The first attempt for the failure of long column was done by Mr. Euler and an equation for buckling load of long column derived by him [1] .It was seen that there were some limitations of the Euler‟s buckling theory as it was applicable only for long columns not for the short columns. Later on a theory was given by Rankine, which was applicable for both long as well as for short columns [1]. . Apart from these it is seen that short column fails under less load than the value predicted by the Euler‟s formula, J.B.Johnson has given a formula for the buckling of short column and formula is usually taken as half the yield strength of the material. [4]
Study of Failure Criteria of Steel Columns under Compression – A Critical Review
May 16, 2023
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