Study of bound water in the surface layer of Mars Workshop HEND-2002 “The First year of HEND operations on the NASA Odyssey Mars Orbiter” May 20-22, 2002 Institute for Space Research Moscow, Russia Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry Russian Acedemy of Science Moscow 119991 Russia [email protected]Alexander T. Basilevsky
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Study of bound water in the surface layer of Mars Workshop HEND-2002 “The First year of HEND operations on the NASA Odyssey Mars Orbiter” May 20-22, 2002.
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Study of bound water in the surface layer of Mars
Workshop HEND-2002“The First year of HEND operations on the NASA Odyssey Mars Orbiter”
May 20-22, 2002Institute for Space Research
Moscow, Russia
Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry
RocksBasalt - volcanic rock with 44-50% SiO2 0.1 to 2%Andesite - volcanic rock with 53-63% SiO2 1-4%Rhyolite - volcanic rock with >68% SiO2 3-7%-----------------------------
Clays of platforms of Earth 4-6%----------------------------
Martian soil (Viking GS-MS estimate) up to 1%
Bound water in tholeitic basalts of intra-plate hot spots, Earth
Water on Mars: Noachian Period -Warm and wet or cold and dry?
If it was water, it should be chemically incorporated into weatheringproducts and sediments and its hydrogen may potentially be seen
in HEND data
Viking image of cratered terrain with valley network
Water on Mars: Hesperian Period- Outflow channels - water or liquid CO2
If it was water, their deposits may contain H2O-OH-bearing mineralsand their hydrogen may potentially be seen in HEND data
Viking image of Mars Pathfinder site at the mouth of Ares Vallis
Water on Mars: Hesperian Period- Did aqueous ocean exist on Mars?
If yes, its sediments should contain H2O-OH-bearing mineralsand their hydrogen may potentially be seen in HEND data
Mola topography map of Mars. Courtesy of Mola Team
Water on Mars: Amazonian PeriodWas liquid water on and near the surface?
If yes, surface deposits may contain H2O-OH-bearing mineralsand their hydrogen may potentially be seen in HEND data
MOC image of gullies on the walls of crater Kaiser (46.5S, 341.4W).
Impact-induced and magmatic hydrothermal activityAmount of impact-induced and magmatic hydrothermal
mineralization decreases with depth (Masaitis & Naumov, 1993). Should be most prominent on the surface. Possible (magmatic)
analog: Hydrothermal deposits of Yellowstone National Park
Courtesy of Elizabeth Tritthart, West Yellowstone Web Works
Mammoth Terrace Norris Geiser
How to search for bound water? - To study areas where seasonal/perrenial ices/frosts are not expected: Equatorial zone for all seasons and mid-latitudes at summer
Mola shaded relief map of Mars. Courtesy of MOLA Team
General approach: - To correlate HEND data with a) bedrock geology
b) topography and c) surface roughness
Geologic map of Mars. Tanaka et al., 1978
a)
General approach: - To correlate HEND data with a) bedrock geology
b) topography and c) surface roughness
Mola topography map of Mars. Courtesy of MOLA Team
b)
Map of kilometer roughness of Mars. Kreslavsky and Head, 2000
General approach: - To correlate HEND data with a) bedrock geology
b) topography and c) surface roughness
c)
HEND data: (0.4 eV-100 keV)
HEND v.s. bedrock geology
HEND v.s. MOLA topography
HEND v.s. MOLA km-scale roughness
Discussion and conclusions
Some correlation of HEND measured neutron fluxwith geologic structures of Mars is seen:• Syrtis Major Planitia (more H, hyps. higher)