Page 1 of 165 ZONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING GITB Press Campus Area Siddhartha Nagar post Raghavendra Nagar, Mysore 570011 Phone No. 0821 2470345 Fax.0821 2478578 e-mail [email protected];[email protected]www.zietmysore.org STUDY MATERIAL CLASS XII GEOGRAPHY (029) 2015-2016
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STUDY MATERIAL - kvasc.kar.nic.in · Page 2 of 165 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN NEW DELHI STUDY MATERIAL CLASS XII GEOGRAPHY(029) 2015-2016 Prepared by Mr. M.Reddenna PGT (Geo), Faculty,
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ZONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING GITB Press Campus Area Siddhartha Nagar post Raghavendra Nagar,
Waterlogged and marshy areas, land affected by salinity and alkalinity , land
with or without scrub
3. CAUSED BY HUMAN ACTIONS
Degraded shifting cultivated areas, degraded land under plantation crops,
degraded forests, degraded pastures, mining and industrial waste lands
CASE STUDY- ECOLOGICAL BALANCE
REASONS
1. Westernmost climatic zone in MP.
2. One of the five backward districts of the country
3. High concentration of Bhills
4. suffer from poverty
5. Most degraded land
OBJECTIVES
1. Start watershed development programme
2. Link of water , land, vegetation
3. Natural resource management
4. Increase common property resources
5. Each family should plant one tree at least
6. Planted fodder grass
7. Social fencing
8. Stop open grazing land
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9. Stopping the common property resources by govt.
CLASSIFICATION OF WASTELAND BY PROCESS
1. Barren and uncultivated wasteland 2.18%
2. Natural degraded common waste land 2.4%
3. Natural man made common waste land 7.51%
4. Man made degraded common waste land 5.88%
5. Total degraded land 15.8%
MAP WORK
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POPULATION DENSITY
LOWEST AND HIGHEST GROWTH RATE OF POPULATION
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INDUSTRIAL REGIONS
TRANS CONTINENTAL RAILWAYS
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INLAND WATER WAYS
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INLAND WATERWAYS
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MEGA CITIES OF THE WORLD
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METRO POLITAN CITIES
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LEADING STATES PRODUCING DIFFERENT CROPS
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MINERALS- IRON ORE-MANGANESE
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RLY ZONES AND THEIR HQS
„
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SEAPORTS
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CBSE MARKING SCHEME
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MODEL QUESTIONS
MODEL QUESTIONS
GEOGRAPHY (THEORY) Time allowed : 3 hours ] [ Maximum Marks : 70 General Instructions : (i) There are 22 general questions. (ii) Question numbers 1-7 are very short-answer questions carrying 1 mark each. Answer to each of these questions should not exceed 40 words. (iii) Question numbers 8-13 are short-answer questions carrying 3 marks each. Answer to each of these questions should not exceed 80-100 words. (iv) Question numbers 14-20 are long-answer questions carrying 5 marks each. Answer to each of these questions should not exceed 150 words. (v) Question numbers 21-22 are related to identification or locating and labelling of geographical features on maps, carrying 5 marks each. (vi) Outline maps of the World and India provided to you must be attached within your answer-book. (vii) Use of templates or stencils for drawing outline maps is allowed. (viii) All questions are compulsory. 1. Why is tourism called the world‟s single largest tertiary activity ? 1 2. Name the terminal stations of National Waterway No. 1 of India. ½ + ½ = 1 3 Why was „Open Sky Policy‟ introduced by the government of India ? 1 4. Why has food gathering little chance of becoming important at the global level ? 1 5 Why did most of the Indian ancient towns develop as religious and cultural centres ? 1 6. What is the meaning of „transport‟ ? 1 7 1/2+ 1/2= 1 7.Mention any two major sources of air pollution in India.
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8. Modern manufacturing needs technological innovations. What values can accelerate technological innovations ? Explain. 3 9.Why has the WTO been criticized and opposed by some countries ? Explain any three
reasons. 3 1 = 3 10 How does technology play an important role in interaction with nature ? Explain with
examples. 3 1 = 3 11 How has noise pollution become a serious problem in recent years in India ? Explain 3 . 12. Why have a large number of medium and small towns developed all over the country after independence ? Explain 3 . 13 What is a port ? Mention any four types of ports on the basis of their specialized functions.1 + 2 = 3 14 Describe the changing nature of the international trade of India. 5 15 What is development ? Explain the four pillars of human development. 1 + 4 = 5
16 Explain any five major problems of Indian agriculture. 5 1 = 5 17 How are „pull factors‟ responsible for migration of people from one place to
another in India ? Explain with examples 5 1 = 5 . 18. Explain any five major problems of urban settlements in the developing countries of
the world. 5 1 = 5 19.Why is dairy farming known as the most advanced and efficient type of
farming in the world ? Explain any five reasons. 5 1 = 5 20.How have geographical and economic factors contributed to the
development of „Hugli Industrial Region‟ ? Explain with examples. 5X1 = 5
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21 In the given political outline map of the WORLD, five features A, B, C, D and E are marked. Identify these features with the help of the information given below and write their correct names on the lines drawn near them :5X1=5 A. The country having the highest population growth rate. B. The area of commercial livestock rearing. C. The terminal station of trans-continental railway. D. Mega City E. Sea Port 22 On the given political outline map of India, locate and label the following with appropriate symbols : (i) The State having the lowest percentage of population below the poverty line. (ii) The State leading in tea production. (iii) The software technology park in Punjab. (iv) An oil-refinery in Karnataka. (v) The metropolitan city of Rajasthan.
GEOGRAPHY (Theory) Time allowed : 3 hours ] [ Maximum Marks : 70 General Instructions : (i) There are 22 general questions. (ii) Question numbers 1-7 are very short-answer questions carrying 1 mark each. Answer to each of these questions should not exceed 40 words. (iii) Question numbers 8-13 are short-answer questions carrying 3 marks each. Answer to each of these questions should not exceed 80-100 words. (iv) Question numbers 14-20 are long- answer questions carrying 5 marks each. Answer
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to each of these questions should not exceed 150 words. (v) Question numbers 21-22 are related to identification or locating and labelling of geographical features on maps, carrying 5 marks each. (vi) Outline maps of the World and India provided to you must be attached within your answer-book. (vii) Use of templates or stencils for drawing outline maps is allowed. (viii) All questions are compulsory. 1. Mention any two major sources of air pollution in India 1/2+ ½ = 1 2. Name the headquarter of Eastern and South-Eastern Indian Railway zones 1 . 3. Why is tourism called the world‟s single largest tertiary activity ?1 4 Why were the earliest human beings dependent on their immediate environment for their sustenance ? 1 5. Why was „Open Sky Policy‟ introduced by the government of India ? 1 6. Why did most of the Indian ancient towns develop as religious and cultural centres ?1 7 What is the meaning of „transport‟ ? 1 8Why have a large number of medium and small towns developed all over the country after independence ? Explain3 . 9 Why is road transport more economical and convenient mode of transportation for short distances in comparison to railways across the world ? Explain. 3 10. How does physical environment affect human lives ? Explain with suitable
examples. 3 1 = 3 11 How are human activities mainly responsible for water pollution in India ? Explain
with examples 3 1 = 3 . 12. What is a port ? Mention any four types of ports on the basis of their specialized Functions 1 + 2 = 3 .
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13. Modern manufacturing needs technological innovations. What values can accelerate technological innovations ? Explain 3 . 14 Describe the changing pattern of the composition of India‟s import with suitable
examples 5 1 = 5 . 15. “The criteria for differentiating rural and urban population varies from country to
country.” Support the statement with suitable examples 5 1 = 5 . 16. Why is dairy farming known as the most advanced and efficient type of
farming in the world ? Explain any five reasons 5 1 = 5 . 17 How have geographical and economic factors contributed to the
development of „Hugli Industrial Region‟ ? Explain with examples. 5 1 = 5 18. How are „pull factors‟ responsible for migration of people from one place to
another in India ? Explain with examples 5 1 = 5 .
19. Explain any five major problems of Indian agriculture 5 1 = 5 . 20. Explain any five major problems of urban settlements in the developing
countries of the world. 5 1 = 5 21. In the given political outline map of the WORLD, five features A, B, C, D and E are marked. Identify these features with the help of the information given below and write
their correct names on the lines drawn near them : 5 1 = 5 A. The country having the highest population growth rate. B. The area of commercial livestock rearing. C. The terminal station of trans-continental railway. D. Mega City E. Sea Port 22. On the given political outline map of India, locate and label the following with appropriate symbols : (i) The State having the lowest percentage of population below the poverty line. (ii) The State leading in tea production. (iii) The software technology park in Punjab. (iv) An oil-refinery in Karnataka.
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(v) The metropolitan city of Rajasthan.
GEOGRAPHY (Theory) Time allowed : 3 hours ] [ Maximum Marks : 70 General Instructions : (i) There are 22 general questions. (ii) Question numbers 1-7 are very short-answer questions carrying 1 mark each. Answer to each of these questions should not exceed 40 words. (iii) Question numbers 8-13 are short-answer questions carrying 3 marks each. Answer to each of these questions should not exceed 80-100 words. (iv) Question numbers 14-20 are long-answer questions carrying 5 marks each. Answer to each of these questions should not exceed 150 words. (v) Question numbers 21-22 are related to identification or locating and labelling of geographical features on maps, carrying 5 marks each. (vi) Outline maps of the World and India provided to you must be attached within your answer-book. (vii) Use of templates or stencils for drawing outline maps is allowed. (viii) All questions are compulsory.
1. What is the meaning of „transport‟ ? 1
2. Write the names of terminal stations of the East-West Corridor of India. 1/2+1/2 = 1
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.
3. Mention any two major sources of air pollution in India ½ + ½ = 1 . 4. Why are the hill slopes used for tea plantations ? 1 5. Why is tourism called the world‟s single largest tertiary activity ? 1 6. Why was „Open Sky Policy‟ introduced by the government of India ? 1 7. Why did most of the Indian ancient towns develop as religious and cultural centres ?
1 8.What is a port ? Mention any four types of ports on the basis of their specialized functions. 1 + 2 = 3 9. How are the high living standards and quality of life dependent on efficient transportation, communications and trade ? Explain.3 10. How do humans influence the physical environment ? Explain with suitable examples 3 . 11. Why there is a great need to check land degradation in India ? Explain 3 . 12 Modern manufacturing needs technological innovations. What values can accelerate technological innovations ? Explain 3 . 13 Why have a large number of medium and small towns developed all over the country after independence ? Explain3 . 14 Describe the changing pattern of the composition of India‟s exports with suitable
examples . 5 1 = 5 . 15. “Many Places where people are few and a few places where people are very
many in the world.” Support the statement with suitable examples 5 1 = 5 . 16 Explain any five major problems of urban settlements in the developing
countries of the world 5 1 = 5 . 17. Why is dairy farming known as the most advanced and efficient type of
farming in the world ? Explain any five reasons. 5 1 = 5
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18. How have geographical and economic factors contributed to the
development of „Hugli Industrial Region‟ ? Explain with examples. 5 1 = 5 19. How are „pull factors‟ responsible for migration of people from one place to another in India ? Explain with examples 5X1 = 5 .
20. Explain any five major problems of Indian agriculture 5X1 = 5 . 21 In the given political outline map of the WORLD, five features A, B, C, D and E are marked. Identify these features with the help of the information given below and write their correct names on the lines drawn near them :5X1=5 A. The country having the highest population growth rate. B. The area of commercial livestock rearing. C. The terminal station of trans-continental railway. D. Mega City E. Sea Port 22. On the given political outline map of India, locate and label the following with appropriate symbols : (i) The State having the lowest percentage of population below the poverty line. (ii) The State leading in tea production. (iii) The software technology park in Punjab. (iv) An oil-refinery in Karnataka. (v) The metropolitan city of Rajasthan.
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GEOGRAPHY (Theory) Time allowed : 3 hours ] [ Maximum Marks : 70 General Instructions : (i) There are 22 general questions. (ii) Question No. 1 – 7 are very short-answer questions carrying 1 mark each. Answer to each of these questions should not exceed 40 words. (iii) Question No. 8 – 13 are short-answer questions carrying 3 marks each. Answer to each of these questions should not exceed 80-100 words. (iv) Question No. 14 – 20 are long-answer questions carrying 5 marks each. Answer to each of these questions should not exceed 150 words. (v) Question No. 21 – 22 are related to identification or locating and labelling of geographical features on given maps, carrying 5 marks each. (vi) Outline maps of the World and India provided to you must be attached within your answer-book. (vii) Use of templates or stencils for drawing outline maps is allowed. (viii) All questions are compulsory. 1.Write the names of terminal stations of Trans-Canadian Railways. ½ + ½ = 1
2.Why is there a regional variation in the density of rural roads in India ? 1
3 Why has the quality of water decreased considerably in India ? Give one reason. 1 4. What is dryland farming ? 1 5. Define the term „Metropolitan City‟ 1 . 6Name the terminal stations of „North-South Corridor‟ of India½ + ½ = 1 . 7 Why is about 32 per cent of the available surface water can be utilized in India ? 1 8. Write any three features each of rural and urban settlements of India. 1½ + 1½ = 3 9. Why are the harbours and ports called the chief gateways of international trade in the world ? Explain. 3
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10. Suggest any three measures to control water pollution in India 3 1 = 3 11. How does the „Suez Canal‟ serve as a gateway of commerce for both the
eastern and western worlds ? Explain with suitable examples. 3 1 = 3 12. “There is an urgent need to conserve our mineral resources.” Explain the values
needed to achieve this goal. 3 1 = 3 13 “Nature provides opportunities and humans make use of these and slowly nature gets humanized and starts bearing imprints of human endeavour”.
Analyse the statement with examples.3 1 = 3 14 How has the „New Industrial Policy‟ been able to maintain a sustainable growth in productivity and gainful employment ? Explain 5 . 15. How is the high technology industry latest generation in manufacturing activities ? Explain with examples. 5 × 1 = 5 16. Explain any five factors responsible for the spatial variations in the levels of Human Development among the major states of India. 5 X1 = 5 17. How did the Europeans introduce important plantation crops in the colonies situated in different parts of the tropics ? Explain. 5X1=5 18. “Transportation plays a very important role in linking the various parts of India and
brings unity in diversity.” Support the statement with examples. 5X1 = 5 19. What is the meaning of density of population ? Describe the four geographical factors that influence the distribution of population in the world. 1 + 4 = 5 20. How are rural settlements facing different types of problems in the developing
countries ? Explain any five major problems. 5 1 = 5 21. In the given political outline map of the world, five features A, B, C, D and E are marked. Identify these features with the help of the following information and write their correct names on its lines drawn near them :5X1=5 (A) The country having the lowest population growth rate.
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(B) The area of nomadic herding. (C) The terminal station of trans-continental railway (D) Mega City (E) Sea Port 22 On the given political outline map of India, locate and label the following with appropriate symbols :5X1=5 (i) The state having the highest percentage of population below the poverty line. (ii) The software technology park in Uttarakhand. (iii) The State leading in coffee production. (iv) An oil refinery in Bihar. (v) The largest metropolitan city of India (2001)
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SOLVED QUESTION PAPERS WITH VALUE POINTS
GEOGRAPHY (Theory) Time allowed : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 70 General Instructions : (i) There are 22 general questions. (ii) Questions No. 1 – 7 are very short-answer questions carrying 1 mark each. Answer to each of these questions should not exceed 40 words. (iii) Questions No. 8 – 13 are short-answer questions carrying 3 marks each. Answer to each of these questions should not exceed 80 – 100 words. (iv) Questions No. 14 – 20 are long-answer questions carrying 5 marks each. Answer to each of these questions should not exceed 150 words. (v) Questions No. 21 – 22 are related to identification or locating and labelling of geographical features on maps, carrying 5 marks each. (vi) Outline maps of the World and India provided to you must be attached within your answer-book. (vii) Use of templates or stencils for drawing outline maps is allowed. (viii) All questions are compulsory. 1 What is the meaning of „ageing population‟ ? 1 2 Name any two regions where gathering is practiced in the world1/2+1/2=1 . 3. What are highways in the world context ? 1 1 4. Mention any two characteristics of urban settlements as per the census of India 2001.1/2+1/2=1 5 Explain the prime motive force in the development of Modinagar as a town.1 6. How can the satellite images be used ? 1 7. How does urban population grow ?1 8. „„The imprints of human activities are created everywhere.‟‟ Justify this statement by giving any three examples. 3X1=3 9 Explain a „„Healthy City‟‟ in the light of suggestions made by World Health Organisation. 3 10.Explain the evolution of towns in India by giving examples. 31=3
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11. Which are the three cropping seasons in India ? Explain one characteristic of each. 31=3 12. „„The concept of development cannot be restricted to the economic sphere alone.‟‟ What values can convert this concept of development into sustainable development ? Explain. 3 13 Explain any five factors that influence the distribution of population in the world. 5X1=5 15 What is tourism ? Explain any four tourist attractions in the world with examples. 1+4=5 16 Explain the digital divide with special reference to India.5 17 Name the shipping canal that connects Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea. Describe its any four features. 1+4=5 18„„An important aspect of population growth in India is the growth of its adolescents.‟‟ Support this statement with suitable arguments. 5X1=5 19. Explain any five common problems of Indian agriculture. 5X1=5 20. Distinguish between ports and harbours. Why are sea ports known as gateways of international trade ? Explain. 2+3=5 21. In the given political outline map (on page 9) of the World, five features have been shown by A, B, C, D and E. Identify these features with the help of the information given below and write their correct names on the lines drawn near them :5X1=5 A. An industrial region B. A terminal station of railway C. A major airport D. A major sea port E. A mega city 22. On the given political outline map (on page 11) of India, locate and label the following with appropriate symbols :5X1=5 (i) The state having the highest density of population (2001) (ii) The leading groundnut producer state (iii) An oil refinery in Uttar Pradesh (iv) A software technology park in Rajasthan (v) A major coal mine in Tamil Nadu
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MAP FOR Q.NO21
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ANSER KEY
Q.NO VALUE POINTS/ EXPECTED ANSWER DISTRIBUTION OF MARKS
1 Population ageing is the process by which the share of the older population becomes proportionally larger. Any other relevant point. T.B.-1 Page - 19
1
2 Northern Canada, Northern Eurasia, Southern Chile, Amazon basin, Tropical Africa, Northern fringe Australia, interior parts of South-East Asia. Any other relevant point. T.B.-1 Page - 32
½+½=1
3 Metalled roads connecting distant places are called highways in the world context which are constructed in a manner for unobstructed vehicular movement. Any other relevant point. T.B.-1 Page - 67
1
4 (i) All places which have municipality, corporation, cantonment board or notified town area committee and minimum population of 5000 persons. (ii) 75 percent male workers engaged in non-agricultural pursuits. Any other relevant point. T.B.-1 Page - 92
½+½=1
5 Industries are the prime motive force in the development of Modinagar. Any other relevant point. T.B.-2 Page - 37
1
6 Satellite images can be used for the weather forecast, monitoring of natural calamities, surveillance of border areas etc. Any other relevant point. T.B.-2 Page – 123
1
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7 7 Three ways. (i) Natural increase. (ii) Migration of population from rural to urban and urban to urban areas. (iii) Reclassification of urban areas. Any other relevant point. (Any one point) T.B.-2 Page - 140
1
8 8 Example of human imprints are:- (i) Health resorts on highlands, (ii) Fields, orchards and pastures in plains and rolling hills. (iii) Ports on the coasts. Any other relevant example. (Any three points to be explained). T.B.-1 Page - 3
3×1=3
9 9 According to WHO a healthy city must have (i) A clean & safe environment. (ii) Meets the „Basic Needs‟ of „All‟ its inhabitants. (iii) Involves the community in local government. (iv) Provides easily accessible „Health‟ service. Any other relevant point. (Explain any three points) T.B.-1 Page – 100
3×1=3
10 10 (i) Towns flourished since pre Historic times in India. (ii) Indus valley civilization – Harappa and Mohenjo- Daro. (iii) Ancient Towns – Varanasi, Prayag, Patliputra Medieval Towns – Delhi, Hyderabad, Jaipur, Agra. Modern Towns – Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata. Any other relevant point. (Any three points to be explained) T.B.-2 Page – 34
3×1=3
11 11 The three cropping session in the India are the following (i) Rabi (ii) Kharif (iii) Zaid Rabi – duration is from Oct. to March., main crop is wheat Kharif- duration is from June to Sep., main crop is rice.
3×½=1½ + 3×½=1½=3
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Zaid – duration is from April to June, various vegetables and fodder crops. Any other relevant point. (½ mark each for giving names only & ½ mark each for the characteristics) T.B.-2 Page - 44
12 Values for sustainable development other than the economic sphere : - (i) Improvement in the well-being and living standard of the people. (ii) Availability of health care for all. (iii) Education for all. (iv) Equality of opportunity for all. (v) Ensuring political and civil rights. (vi) Development of human values like, collaboration, commitment, compassion etc. (vii) Awareness and concern for environment. Any other relevant point. (Any three points to be explained) T.B.-2 Page – 108
3×1=3
13 Problems – (i) Inadequate facilities to support the fast growing population. (ii) Enormous quantity of urban waste. (iii) Proper landfill areas are becoming scarce. Any other relevant point. (Any three points to be explained) T.B.-2 Page – 138 & 139
3×1=3
14 Factors- (i) Availability of water (ii) Landforms (iii) Climate (iv) Soil (v) Minerals (vi) Urbanization (vii) Industrialization (viii) Social and cultural factors Any other relevant point. (Explanation of any five points) T.B.-1 Page – 9 & 10
5×1=5
15 Tourism is travel undertaken for purpose of recreation rather than business.
1+4=5
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Attractions – (i) Climate – Mediterranean regions (ii) Landscape – Mountains, lakes (iii) History and art – Forts and palaces (iv) Culture and economy – Heritage houses of Goa Any other relevant point. (Any four points to be explained) T.B.-1 Page – 60
16 (i) ICT is unevenly distributed (ii) Wide ranging economic, political and social differences among countries. (iii) Developed countries have surged forward (iv) Developing countries have lagged behind (v) Indian metros have better connectivity while rural areas have no such facility. (vi) Digital divide exists within the countries. Any other relevant point. (Any five points to be explained) T.B.-1 Page – 63
5X1=5
17 Name-Suez Canal Features – (i) Runs between Port Said and Port Suez (ii) Gives new gateway to Europe from the Indian ocean (iii) Reduces sea route distances (iv) It is a sea-level canal without locks (v) It is about 160 km long and 11 m to 15 m deep Any other relevant point. (Any four points to be explained) T.B.-1 Page – 74
1+4=5
18 18 (i) It is an age group between 10-19 years (ii) 22 percent (2001) (iii) Male adolescent - 53%, Female adolescent - 47 % (iv) Youthful population with high potential (v) Challenges for the society (vi) High rate of Maternal Mortality of adolescent mothers Any other relevant point. (Any five points to be explained) T.B.-2 Page - 8
5×1=5
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19 19 Problems of Indian Agriculture (i) Dependence on Erratic Monsoon (ii) Low productivity (iii) Lack of land Reforms (iv) Small Farm size and Fragmentation of Landholdings (v) Lack of commercialization (vi) Constraints of Financial Resources and Indebtedness (vii) Vast under – Employment (viii) Degradation of Cultivable land Any other relevant point. (Any five points to be explained) T.B.-2 Page – 56 & 57
5×1=5
20 20 Port- Is the entire area on the sea coast with dock facility for loading and unloading of cargo. It includes administrative blocks, ware houses, custom office and transport facilities etc. Harbor- is partially enclosed part of the sea coast providing shelter to the ships. It can be natural or manmade e.g. creek, estuary, or sea inlet. Port as gateways of international Trade: (i) Ports handle cargo and passenger traffic (ii) Ports are handling large volumes of domestic as well as overseas trade. (iii) Port provides a corridor between its hinterland and the rest of the world for international trade. (iv) As the port grows, area of influence also expands. Any other relevant point. (Any three points to be explained) T.B.-2 Page – 129
2+3=5
21 21 Map of the World (A) Appalachian Region (B) St. Petersburg (C) Brasilia (D) Cape Town (E) Jakarta
5X1=5
22 22 Map of India (i) West Bengal (ii) Gujarat (iii) Mathura (iv) Jaipur (v) Neyveli 5×1=5
5X1=5
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QUESTION PAPER -2
GEOGRAPHY Time allowed : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 70 General Instructions : (i) There are 22 general questions. (ii) Questions No. 1 – 7 are very short-answer questions carrying 1 mark each. Answer to each of these questions should not exceed 40 words. (iii) Questions No. 8 – 13 are short-answer questions carrying 3 marks each. Answer to each of these questions should not exceed 80 – 100 words. (iv) Questions No. 14 – 20 are long-answer questions carrying 5 marks each. Answer to each of these questions should not exceed 150 words. (v) Questions No. 21 – 22 are related to identification or locating and labelling of geographical features on maps, carrying 5 marks each. (vi) Outline maps of the World and India provided to you must be attached within your answer-book. (vii) Use of templates or stencils for drawing outline maps is allowed. (viii) All questions are compulsory. 1.Mention any two sources of water pollutants created by humans.1 2.Explain the term „Golden Quadrilateral‟.1 3.What two factors mostly helped in the development of ancient towns in India ?1/2+1/2=1 4.Who are called red collar workers ?1
5.In which country are motorways called „autobahns‟ ?1
6 Mention any two characteristics of sub-urbanisation.1/2+1/2=1 7 How is density of population of a region calculated ?1 8.Explain with examples the „population size‟ criteria used by most countries to define urban areas. 3X1=3 9. „„The knowledge about nature is extremely important to develop technology.‟‟ Support this statement by giving three examples. 3X1=3 10 Explain any three features of semi-clustered rural settlements of India. 3
11.Electricity is one of the greatest inventions of all times. It is mostly generated by using coal, natural gas and petroleum, which are
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exhaustible resources. Can you imagine the human society without electricity ? This may happen in future, when all energy resources will be exhausted. Explain the values that can change this possible dark scenario.3X1=3 12. Differentiate between protective irrigation and productive irrigation. 3X1=3 13. Explain any three consequences of air pollution. 31=3 14. Explain three economic and two social and cultural factors influencing the distribution of population in the world. 3+2=5 15 What is medical tourism ? Explain the scope of medical services for overseas patients in India. 1+4=5 16. Define the term „commercial livestock rearing‟. Explain its any four characteristics. 1+4=5 17 What is the importance of railways as a mode of land transport ? Explain any four main features of the railway network in Europe.1+4=5
18. What is population doubling time ? Explain the characteristics of the growth of population in India in Phase „I‟ and Phase „II‟. 1+2+2=5 19 „„Indian railways brought people of diverse cultures together.‟‟ Support this statement with suitable examples. 51=5 20. Explain the importance of foodgrains in the Indian agricultural economy. Describe any three characteristics of rice cultivation. 2+3=5 21. In the given political outline map (on page 9) of the World, five features A, B, C, D and E have been shown. Identify these features, with the help of the information given below and write their correct names on the lines drawn near them :5X1=5 A. A country having the lowest rank in Human Development Index 2003 B. A railway terminal station C. A major sea-port D. A major airport E. A mega city 22. On the given political outline map (on page 11) of India, locate and label the following with appropriate symbols :5X1=5 (22.1) The State having the largest area (22.2) The leading tea producing State (22.3) An oil refinery in Karnataka
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(22.4) An integrated Iron and Steel Plant in Odisha (22.5) The international airport in Punjab Q.NO;21
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QUESTION PAPER-2 ANSWER KEY
Q.NO VALUE POINTS MARKS
1 Sources of water Pollutants created by humans – (i) Sewage disposal (ii) Urban run – off (iii) Toxic effluents from industries (iv) Run - off over cultivated lands and nuclear power plants (v) Any other relevant point (Any two points ) Page - 136 T.B. 2
½+½=1
2 Golden Quadrilateral :- It comprises construction of 5,846 km long 4/6 lane, high density traffic corridor to connect India‟s four big metro cities of Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai & Kolkata . With the construction of Golden Quadrilateral, the time - distance and cost of movement among the mega cities of India will be considerably minimized . Page – 115 T.B. 2 1
½+1/2=1
3 Factors mostly helped in the development of ancient towns in India – (i) Religion (ii) Culture Page -34 T.B. 2
½ + ½ = 1
4 People engaged in primary activities are called Red Collar Workers . Page –31 T.B. 1
1
5 GERMANY Page – 79 T.B. 1
1
6 Characteristics of sub-urbanisation - (i) People move away from congested urban areas to cleaner areas outside the city (ii) Everyday thousands of people commute from their homes in the suburbs to their workplaces in the city . Page – 91 T.B. 1
½ + ½ = 1
7 Density of population is the ratio between the numbers of people to the size of land OR Density of Population = Population Area Page – 9 T.B. 1
1
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8 Population size criteria used by most countries to define urban areas - The lower limit of the population size for the settlement to be designated as urban is : (i) 1,500 in Colombia.(ii) 2,000 in Argentina and Portugal (iii) 2,500 in USA and Thailand (iv) 5000 in India (v) 30,000 in Japan. (vi) In Denmark, Sweden and Finland all places with a population size of 250 persons are called urban. (vii) The minimum population for a city is 300 in Iceland, where as in Canada and Venezuela, it is 1,000 persons. (viii) Any other relevant point (Any three Points to be explained ) Page – 95,96 T.B. 1
3 x 1 = 3
9 Knowledge about nature is extremely important to develop technology- (i) Understanding of concepts of friction and heat helped us discover fire. (ii) Understanding of the secrets of DNA and genetics enabled us to conquer many diseases. (iii) The laws of aerodynamics are used to develop faster planes. (iv)Any other relevant point . (Any three points to be explained) Page – 2 T.B. 1
3 x 1 = 3
10 Feat Features of semi clustered rural settlements of Indiai) May result from tendency of clustering in a restricted area of dispersed settlement. ii) May also result from segregation or fragmentation of a large compact village. iii) Some people of the village society choose or is forced to live a little away from the main cluster or village. iv) Such settlements are widespread in the Gujarat plain and some parts of Rajasthan. v) Any other relevant point (Any three points to be explained) Page 33 T.B. 2
3 x 1 = 3
11 Values that can change the possible dark scenario of electricity – (i) Sustainable development of energy resources . (ii) The vast capacity ingenuity , innovativeness & revolutionary spirit (iii) Maximum use of renewable energy sources such as
3 x 1 = 3
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Solar, Wind, hydro geothermal and biomass. (iv) Optimum use of energy resources and minimum wastage . (v) Creating awareness (vi) Any other relevant point . (Any three points to be explained) Page – 80,82,83 T.B. 2 It is a value based question, so answers may vary. Hence answers should be assessed on the basis of relevant views expressed by the candidates .
12 Differentiation between protective irrigation and productive irrigation - Protective irrigation i)It protects the crops from adverse effects of soil moisture deficiency. ii)Irrigation acts as a supplementary source of water over and above rainfall. Productive irrigation i)It provides sufficient soil moisture in the cropping season to achieve high productivity. ii)In this irrigation the water input per unit area of cultivated land is higher than protective irrigation.iii)Productivity is low. iv)Any other relevant point. (Any three points of differentiation) iii)Productivity is high. iv)Any other relevant point. Page-44 & 45 T.B.2
3 x 1 = 3
13 Consequences of Air Pollution – (i) Air Pollution causes various diseases related to respiratory , nervous and circulatory systems. (ii) Smog in urban areas is caused by atmospheric pollution. It proves very harmful to human health. (iii) Air pollution can also cause acid rains. (iv) Any other relevant point. (Any three points to be explained) Page 137 T.B. 2
3 x 1 = 3
14 Factors influencing the distribution of population- Economic Factors : i) Minerals
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ii) Urbanisation iii) Industrialisation iv) Agriculture v) Any other relevant point . 3x1 ( Any three points to be explained) Social and Cultural factors: i) Religious or cultural significance ii) Social and political unrest iii) Government offer incentive to people to live in sparsely populated areas. iv) Any other relevant point. 2x1 (Any two points to be explained) Page 10 T.B. 1 3 + 2 = 5
15 Medical tourism- When medical treatment is combined with international tourism activity, It is known as medical tourism. 1 Scope of Medical Services for overseas patients in India - (i) About 55,000 patients from U.S.A visited India in 2005 for treatment. (ii) India has emerged as the leading country of medical tourism in the world. (iii) World class hospitals located in metropolitan cities of India . (iv)Medical tourism brings abundant benefits to developing countries like India. (v)Any other relevant point. 4x1 (Any four points to be explained.) Page – 63 T.B. 1
1 + 4 = 5
16 Commercial livestock rearing – Organized and capital intensive is called commercial live stock rearing.Characteristics – (i) Associated with western cultures. (ii) Ranches cover large areas. (iii) The number of animals in the pastures is kept according to the carrying capacity of the pasture. ranching is organized on a scientific basis (vi) Any other relevant po (iv) Only one type of animal is reared (v) Rearing of animals in int 4x1 (Any four points to be explained) Page - 33 &34 T.B. 1
1+4=5
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17 Importance of railways- Railways are a mode of land transport for bulky goods and passengers over long distances. 1 Features of the railway network in Europe: i) Europe has one of the most dense rail networks in the world. ii) There are more than four lakh kilometer of railways, most of which is double and multiple tracks. iii) Belgium has the highest density of railway . iv) Highest densities in industrial regions . v) Any other relevant point. 4x1 (Any four points to be explained) Page 68 & 69 T.B. 1
1 + 4 = 5
18 Population doubling time : Population doubling time is the time taken by any population to double itself at its current annual growth rate. 1 Characteristics of the growth of population in India in phase I: i) The period from 1901 to 1921 is referred to as phase I. ii) Population remained stagnant. iii) Both birth rate and death rate were high keeping the rate of increase low. iv) Any other relevant point. (Any two points to be explained) 2x1 Phase II: i) The decades 1921 to 1951 are referred to as phase II. ii) Steady population growth. iii) Lower death rate due to better medical facilities. iv) Any other relevant point. 2x1 (Any two points to be explained ) Page 5 & 7 T.B. 2
1 + 2 + 2 = 5
19 Indian Railways brought people of diverse cultures together – (i) Indian Railway was introduced in 1853. (ii) Indian Railways network is more than 64,000 kms. (iii) It connects people of different regions through its sixteen (16) zones(iv) Mahatma Gandhi said “ Indian Railways brought people of diverse cultures together to contribute to India‟s freedom struggle “. (v) People from different languages with different customs and food habits could connect with each other using Indian Railways . (vi)Any other relevant point. (Any five points to be explained with suitable examples) Page – 118 T.B. 2
5 x 1 = 5
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20 Importance of Food grains in Indian agricultural economy – (i) These crops occupy about two-third of total cropped area in the country. (ii) Food grains are dominant crops in all parts of the country . (iii)Food grains are classified as cereals and pulses. (iv)Any other relevant point. (Any two points to be explained) 2x1 Characteristics of Rice Cultivation :- (i) Rice is a staple food . (ii) It is considered to be a crop of tropical humid areas. (iii) It has about 3,000 varieties which are grown in different agro-climatic regions. (iv) India is the second largest rice producer in the world . (v)Any other relevant point. 3x1 (Any three points to be described) Page – 45 T.B. 2
2 + 3 = 5
21 21 Refer to the attached political outline map of the World . Note : The following Questions are for the Visually Impaired Candidates- (21.1) Nigeria / Niger (21.2) Perth and Sydney (21.3) Valparaiso (21.4) Auckland (21.5) New York, Los Angles, Mexico City (any one) Page –72,73,78,99 T.B. 1 5 x 1 = 5
22 22 Refer to the attached political outline map of India . Note : The following Questions are for the Visually Impaired Candidates- (22.1) Rajasthan (22.2) Assam (22.3) Mangalore / Mangaluru (22.4) Rourkela (22.5) Amritsar Page – 152, 54, 81, 88, 132 T.B.-2 5 x 1 = 5
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QUESTION PAPER -3
GEOGRAPHY (Theory)
Time allowed : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 70
General Instructions : (i) There are 22 general questions. (ii) Questions No. 1 – 7 are very short-answer questions carrying 1 mark each. Answer to each of these questions should not exceed 40 words. (iii) Questions No. 8 – 13 are short-answer questions carrying 3 marks each. Answer to each of these questions should not exceed 80 – 100 words. (iv) Questions No. 14 – 20 are long-answer questions carrying 5 marks each. Answer to each of these questions should not exceed 150 words. (v) Questions No. 21 – 22 are related to identification or locating and labelling of geographical features on maps, carrying 5 marks each. (vi) Outline maps of the World and India provided to you must be attached within your answer-book. (vii) Use of templates or stencils for drawing outline maps is allowed. (viii) All questions are compulsory.
1 Mention any two characteristics of urban settlements as per the census of India 2001. 1/2+1/2=1 2 Explain the prime motive force in the development of Modinagar as a town.1 3.How can the satellite images be used ?1 4.How does urban population grow ?1 5. What is the meaning of „ageing population‟ ?1 6. Name any two regions where gathering is practised in the world.1/2+1/2=1 7 What are highways in the world context ?1 8. Explain a „„Healthy City‟‟ in the light of suggestions made by World Health Organisation.3 9„„The imprints of human activities are created everywhere.‟‟ Justify this statement by giving any three examples. 3X1=3
10Explain the conditions that make an urban agglomeration in India.3X1=3
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11„„The concept of development cannot be restricted to the economic sphere alone.‟‟ What values can convert this concept of development into sustainable development ? Explain.3X1=3 12Which are the three cropping seasons in India ? Explain one characteristic of each.3X1=3 13What is land degradation ? Explain the two processes with examples that degrade land in India.1+2=3 14Define the term „„Human Development‟‟ according to Dr. Mahbub-ul-Haq. Explain the four approaches to „Human Development‟. 1+4=5 15. Explain the digital divide with special reference to India.5 16 What is tourism ? Explain any four tourist attractions in the world with examples. 1+4=5 17. Explain all the five major bases of international trade in the world. 18. Explain indicators of „healthy life‟ related to human development in India. 5X1=5 19. Distinguish between ports and harbours. Why are sea ports known as gateways of international trade ? Explain. 2+3=5 20 Explain any five common problems of Indian agriculture. . 5X1=5 21 In the given political outline map (on page 9) of the World, five features have been shown by A, B, C, D and E. Identify these features with the help of the information given below and write their correct names on the lines drawn near them : 5X1=5 A. An industrial region B. A terminal station of railway C. A major airport D. A major sea port E. A mega city 22. On the given political outline map (on page 11) of India, locate and label the following with appropriate symbols :5X1=5 (i) The state having the highest density of population (2001) (ii) The leading groundnut producer state (iii) An oil refinery in Uttar Pradesh (iv) A software technology park in Rajasthan (v) A major coal mine in Tamil Nadu
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ANSWER KEY
Q.NO VALUE POINTS MARKS
1 (i) All places which have municipality, corporation, cantonment board or notified town area committee and minimum population of 5000 persons. (ii) 75 percent male workers engaged in non-agricultural pursuits. Any other relevant point. T.B.-1 Page - 92
½+½=1
2 Industries are the prime motive force in the development of Modinagar. Any other relevant point. T.B.-2 Page - 37
1
3 Satellite images can be used for the weather forecast, monitoring of natural calamities, surveillance of border areas etc. Any other relevant point. T.B.-2 Page - 123
1
4 Three ways. (i) Natural increase. (ii) Migration of population from rural to urban and urban to urban areas. (iii) Reclassification of urban areas. Any other relevant point. (Any one point) T.B.-2 Page - 140
1
5 5 Population ageing is the process by which the share of the older population becomes proportionally larger. Any other relevant point. T.B.-1 Page – 19
1
6 6 Northern Canada, Northern Eurasia, Southern Chile, Amazon basin, Tropical Africa, Northern fringe Australia, interior parts of South-East Asia. Any other relevant point. T.B.-1 Page - 32
½+½=1
7 Metalled roads connecting distant places are called highways in the world context. Which are constructed in a manner for unobstructed vehicular movement. Any other relevant point.
1
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T.B.-1 Page - 67
8 8 According to WHO a healthy city must have (i) A clean & safe environment. (ii) Meets the „Basic Needs‟ of „All‟ its inhabitants. (iii) Involves the community in local government. (iv) Provides easily accessible „Health‟ service. Any other relevant point. (Explain any three points) T.B.-1 Page – 100
3×1=3
9 Example of human imprints are:- (i) Health resorts on highlands, (ii) Fields, orchards and pastures in plains and rolling hills. (iii) Ports on the coasts. Any other relevant example. (Any three points to be explain). T.B.-1 Page - 3
3×1=3
10 Three Conditions: (i) A town and its adjoining urban outgrowths (ii) Two or more contiguous towns with or without their out growths (iii) A city and one or more adjoining towns with their outgrowth together forming a contiguous spread. Any other relevant point. (Any three points to be explained) T.B.-2 Page – 37
3X1=3
11 Values for sustainable development other than the economic sphere : - (i) Improvement in the well-being and living standard of the people. (ii) Availability of health care for all. (iii) Education for all. (iv) Equality of opportunity for all. (v) Ensuring political and civil rights. (vi) Development of human values like, collaboration, commitment, compassion etc. (vii) Awareness and concern for environment. Any other relevant point. (Any three points to be explained) T.B.-2 Page – 108
3×1=3
12 The three cropping session in the India are the following (i) Rabi (ii) Kharif (iii) Zaid Rabi – duration is from Oct. to March., main crop is
3×½=1½ + 3×½=1½ =3
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wheat Kharif- duration is from June to Sep., main crop is rice. Zaid – duration is from April to June, various vegetables and fodder crops. Any other relevant point. (½ mark each for giving names only & ½ mark each for the characteristic) T.B.-2 Page - 44
13 Land degradation is generally understood either as a temporary or a permanent decline in productive capacity of land. Two Processes – (i) Natural (ii) Created by human being Any other relevant point. (Any two points to be explained) T.B.-2 Page – 143
1+2=3
14 The development that enlarges people‟s choices and improves their lives, is called human development. Four approaches: (i) Income approach (ii) Welfare approach (iii) Basic needs approach (iv) Capability approach Any other relevant point. (Explanation of any four points) T.B.-1 Page – 23 & 26
1+4=5
15 (i) ICT is unevenly distributed (ii) Wide ranging economic, political and social differences among countries. (iii) Developed countries have surged forward (iv) Developing countries have lagged behind (v) Indian metros have better connectivity while rural areas have no such facility. (vi) Digital divide exists within the countries. Any other relevant point. (Any five points to be explained) T.B.-1 Page – 63
5X1=5
16 Tourism is travel undertaken for purpose of recreation rather than business. Attractions – (i) Climate – Mediterranean regions
5X1=5
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(ii) Landscape – Mountains, lakes (iii) History and art – Forts and palaces (iv) Culture and economy – Heritage houses of Goa Any other relevant point. (Any four points to be explained) T.B.-1 Page – 60
17 Bases of international trade (i) Difference in national resources (a) Geological Structure (b) Mineral Resources (c) Climate (ii) Population factor (a) Cultural factor (b) Size of population (iii) Stage of economic development (iv) Extent of foreign investment (v) Transport Any other relevant point. (Any five points to be explained T.B.-1 Page – 83
5×1=5
18 Indicators of healthy life: (i) Life free from illness & ailment (ii) Availability of pre and post natal healthcare facilities (iii) Decline in death rate and mortality rate (iv) Decline in infant mortality rate (v) Increase in life expectancy (vi) Decrease in birth rate (vii) Adequate nutrition and safety of individual Any other relevant point. (Any five indicators to be explained) T.B.-2 Page - 27
5×1=5
19 Port- Is the entire area on the sea coast with dock facility for loading and unloading of cargo. It includes administrative blocks, ware houses, custom office and transport facilities etc. Harbor- is partially enclosed part of the sea coast providing shelter to the ships. It can be natural or man made e.g. creek, estuary, or sea inlet. Port as gateways of international Trade: (i) Port handle cargo and passenger traffic (ii) Ports are handling large volumes of domestic as well as overseas trade.
5X1=5
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(iii) Port provides a corridor between its hinterland and the rest of the world for international trade. (iv) As the port grows, area of influence also expands. Any other relevant point. (Any three points to be explained) T.B.-2 Page – 129
20 Problems of Indian Agriculture (i) Dependence on Erratic Monsoon (ii) Low productivity (iii) Lack of land Reforms (iv) Small Farm size and Fragmentation of Landholdings (v) Lack of commercialization (vi) Constraints of Financial Resources and Indebtedness (vii) Vast under – Employment (viii) Degradation of Cultivable land Any other relevant point. (Any five points to be explained) T.B.-2 Page – 56 & 57
5×1=5
21 21 Map of the World (A) Appalachian Region (B) St. Petersburg (C) Brasilia (D) Cape Town (E) Jakarta
5X1=5
22 Map of India (i) West Bengal (ii) Gujarat (iii) Mathura (iv) Jaipur (v) Neyveli
5X1=5
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TIPS FOR SCORING WELL IN EXAMS
1
STUDY & EXAM
TECHNIQUES
collected byM.REDDENNA FACULTY ZIET
MYS
2
3
An Effective student
• Has a regular study schedule
Usually works at the same time
each day
Works mostly in a regular study
place
Works for short periods with
frequent rest breaks
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4
An effective student
Reviews notes soon after a lecture
Does not leave work until the last
minute
Does not get easily distracted
Does not need exams for
motivation
5
PERSONAL WEAKNESSES
• LACK OF UNDERSTANDING
– LIFE OBJECTIVES
– GOAL SETTING
• LACK OF SELF DISCIPLINE
• LACK OF PLANNING
• OVER SOCIALIZATION
6
PERSONAL WEAKNESSES
• LACK OF PROPER PRIORITIES
• SPREADING TOO THIN
• FAILURE TO LISTEN
• PROCRASTINATION
• POOR COMMUNICATION
7
SURVIVAL DEMANDS
• UNCEASING VIGILANCE
• CREATIVE INTELLIGENCE
• TECHNICAL COMPETENCE
• ENORMOUS HARD WORK
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8
9
Students to do
10
Students to do
Imagine what you want to be
after ------years.
Assess your assets and liabilities.
(Good and bad things.)
Set your goals.
11
Students to do
Determine your priorities.
Plan yourself.
Schedule your activities.
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13
PLANNING
•EXAM TREND
•BOOKS SELECTION
•HOURS ALLOCATION
14
PLANNING
•Weekly review
•Notes Making
•Study cards
15
IF YOU FAIL TO
PLAN
YOU ARE
PLANNING TO
FAIL
16
•This not the debt. This is load of books and syllabus.
Page 157 of 165
17
S T U YD
18
WHEN TO STUDY
• PLAN THE WEEKS STUDY AHEAD
• PLAN A STUDY SESSION FOR EACH
OF FIVE OR SIX DAYS A WEEK
• SESSIONS SHOULD BE FROM ONE TO
THREE HOURS
19
WHEN TO STUDY
• HAVE A DEFINITE BREAK EVERY
HOUR
• AVOID LATE HOURS
• PLAN RECREATION AND
RELAXATION INTO YOUR TIME
TABLE
20
WHERE TO STUDY
• ALWAYS IN THE SAME PLACE
• CHOOSE A WARM, LIGHT, WELL
VENTILATED ROOM
• AWAY FROM OTHER DISTRACTIONS
• PROPERLY FURNISHED
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21
ATTENTION and INTEREST
• REMOVE IRRELEVANT AND UNWANTED
STIMULI, e.g. NOISE, HUNGER, COLD
• PUT ASIDE OTHER PRESSING MATTERS BY
LISTING OR TIMETABLE THEM
• SUPPRESS UNWANTED THOUGHTS BY
QUICKLY SWITCHING TO TOPICS UNDER
STUDY
22
ATTENTION & INTEREST
• UNDERSTAND WHAT YOU ARE
STUDYING
• TAKE A LIVELY INTEREST IN THE
SUBJECT OUTSIDE YOUR STUDY
HOURS
23
PRINCIPLES OF
MEMORIZING• NEVER MEMORISE SOMETHING THAT YOU
DON‟T UNDERSTAND
• ALWAYS TRY TO LINK NEW MATERIAL WITH WHAT YOU HAVE PREVIOUSLY LEARNT
• SELECT THE IMPORTANT ITEMS TO REMEMBER
• ORGANISE THE MATERIAL INTO A MEANINGFUL SYSTEM
24
PRINCIPLES OF
MEMORIZING
• ACTIVE REPETITION OR RECALL SUCH AS
RECITATION OR WRITING OUT AIDS
MEMORISING
• THE SEQUENCE OF MEMORISING SHOULD
BE THE SAME AS THE LOGICAL SEQUENCE
OF THE MATERIAL
• LONG PIECES SHOULD BE MEMORISED IN
SHORTER CHUNKS
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25
MEMORY & LEARNING
• NEVER TRY TO MEMORISE WHAT YOU
DON‟T UNDERSTAND
• GO OVER NOTES, READING etc. WITHIN 12
HOURS OR WRITING, READING etc.
• MASTER EACH TOPIC BEFORE LEAVING IT
• START EACH SESSION WITH A REVIEW OF
THE PREVIOUS SESSION
26
MEMORY & LEARNING
• OVER LEARN. DON‟T STOP WHEN YOU HAVE ONLY JUST LEARNT SOMETHING
• SELECT IMPORTANT POINTS TO LEARN
• ORGANISE SELECTED ITEMS
• USE ACTIVE RECALL (RECITATION OR WRITING) TO AID MEMORY
27
MEMORY & LEARNING
• KEEP YOUR MATERIAL IN A
LOGICAL SEQUENCE
• BREAK UP LONG PIECES INTO
MANAGEABLE CHUNKS
• USE RHYTHM WHEN LEARNING BY
HEART
28
MOTIVATION
• KEEP YOUR VOCATIONAL AIM IN MIND
• HAVE CLEAR AND REALISTIC GOALS FOR EVERY STUDY SESSION
• CHECK YOUR PROGRESS AT EVERY SESSION
• READ AROUND YOUR SUBJECT
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29
UNDERSTANDING
• TRY TO REORGANISE THE MATERIAL IN
THE WAY WHICH IS BEST FOR YOU
• LINK THE NEW MATERIAL WITH YOUR
PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE
• LOOK FOR EXAMPLES TO ILLUSTRATE
THE TOPIC AND OTHER THINGS
• ASK: DOES THIS NEW KNOWLEDGE
CHANGE MY OLD IDEAS
30
UNDERSTANDING
• ASK: WHERE COULD THIS NEW
KNOWLEDGE LEAD? WHAT
CONSEQUENCES DOES IT HAVE?
31
UNDERSTANDING-
SUMMARISED
• ALWAYS AIM FOR UNDERSTANDING
• PROMOTE UNDERSTANDING BY
REARRANGING MATERIAL,
QUESTIONING THE IDEAS AND
LOOKING FOR LINKS WITH OLD
IDEAS
32
WAYS TO BETTER
THINKING
• UNDERSTAND ALL THE EVIDENCE
AND THEORIES
• LOOK FOR STATEMENT WITHOUT
EVIDENCE
• CONSIDER ALTERNATIVE EVIDENCE
• LOOK AT YOUR EXAMPLES - ARE
THEY TYPICAL?
33
WAYS TO BETTER
THINKING
• TAKE YOUR ARGUMENT TO ITS
EXTREMES
• AVOID EMOTIONAL WORDS AND
PHRASES
• CONSIDER YOUR TOPIC FROM ALL
POSSIBLE ANGLES
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34
REVIEW
THE REVIEW STAGE IS THE CHECKING WHICH FOLLOWS RECALL. LOOK BACK OVER THE CHAPTER AND CHECK THAT YOUR RECALL WAS CORRECT. MAKE A SPECIAL NOTE OF ANY IMPORTANT POINTS WHICH YOU FAILED TO RECALL, OR WHICH YOU WRONGLY RECALLED.
38
PREPARATION
39
BEFORE THE EXAM
• PREPARATION PRESUPPOSES GOOD STUDY TECHNIQUES AND HAVING PLANS WITH:
– OBJECTIVES
– TIMETABLES
– REVISION SCHEDULES
• IN THE EXAM HAVE PROPER EQUIPMENT WITH YOU
40
PLAN YOUR ANSWER
• STUDENTS WHO TAKE THE TIME TO
STOP AND THINK DO
CONSIDERABLY BETTER
• FOUR TO FIVE MINUTES THINKING
THROUGH THE KEY POINTS (ABOUT
EIGHT) WILL SUFFICE
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41
PLAN YOUR ANSWER
• MINI MINDMAP IS GOOD METHOD OF
BRAIN STORMING AND PLANNING
YOUR ANSWER
• A PLAN GIVES RISE TO A
LOGICALLY, WELL STRUCTURED
AND CONCISE ANSWER
42
READ THE QUESTION
• READ THE QUESTION CAREFULLY A
FEW TIMES UNTIL YOU KNOW
EXACTLY WHAT IS REQUIRED
• NOTE ANY SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS
e.g. LIST, DETAIL, ADVISE, EXPLAIN,
REPORT etc.
44
PRESENTATION
• WATCH YOUR GRAMMAR,
PUNCTUATION, HANDWRITING AND
SPELLING
• IN THE NUMERATE SUBJECTS YOU
WILL GET MARKS FOR THE CORRECT
METHODOLOGY EVEN IF THE
ANSWER IS WRONG
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43
PRESENTATION
• PRESENT THE EXAMINER WITH
PARAGRAPHED MATERIAL WITH
HEADINGS UNDERLINED FOR
EMPHASIS
• FOR QUESTIONS REQUIRING
DISCUSSION HAVE AN
INTRODUCTION, A MIDDLE AND
PROPER CONCLUSION
45
PRESENTATION
• USE A LISTING TECHNIQUE WITH
NUMBERED POINTS
• USE LABELED DIAGRAMS AS
APPROPRIATE
47
RELATE THEORY TO
PRACTICE
• USE PRACTICAL EXAMPLES TO
ILLUSTRATE THE POINTS MADE
• DO TAKE AN INTEREST IN WHAT IS
GOING ON ABOUT YOU IN GENERAL
48
ANSWER ALL THE
QUESTIONS/PARTS
• ANSWERING ALL QUESTIONS SHOW
THE FULL COVERAGE OF THE
SYLLABUS
• MORE QUESTIONS/PARTS YOU
ANSWER THE GREATER THE CHANCE
OF PASSING
Page 164 of 165
49
ANSWER ALL THE
QUESTIONS/PARTS
• LEAVE SPACE AT THE END OF THE
ANSWERS TO CATER FOR IDEAS
• START EACH ANSWER ON FRESH
SHEET
50
IRRELEVANCE
• AVOID IRRELEVANCE AT ALL COST
• EXAMINERS WANT PERTINENT FACTS AND THEORY RELATED TO THE QUESTION
• DON‟T USE TAUTOLOGICAL STATEMENTS
– e.g. ACCRUED EXPENSES ARE EXPENSES WHICH ARE ACCRUED