Study Guide for Study Guide for Chapter 3 Chapter 3 Cells: The Basic Unit Cells: The Basic Unit of Life of Life
Dec 13, 2015
Study Guide for Study Guide for Chapter 3Chapter 3
Cells: The Basic Unit of Cells: The Basic Unit of LifeLife
Plant Cells vs Animal CellsPlant Cells vs Animal Cells• Plants have a Cell Wall• Plants have Chloroplasts• Plants have a LARGE central Vacuole
Robert HookeRobert Hooke• The 1st person to discover cells • In 1665, looked at cork in a
compound microscope he invented
Anton van Leeuwenhoek-Anton van Leeuwenhoek-16731673
• Another person• 1st person to see bacteria• Looked at pond scum and found “little
animals” (protists)
• Looked at animal blood and saw differences in different animals
Protists=Single-Celled Eukaryotes like Paramecium
Human Blood
200 Years Later….200 Years Later….CELL THEORY• Schleiden-1838
– Studied Plants: “All plants have cells”
• Schwann-1839– Studied Animals: “All animals have cells”
• Virchow-1858– All cells could form only from other cells
CELL THEORYCELL THEORY
• All organisms are made of one or more cells
• The cell is the basic unit of all living things
• All cells come from existing cells
All living things are All living things are made of cells!!made of cells!!
Organisms are either…
1) Single-Cell• Bacteria• Archaea
2) Multi-Cellular (many cells) • Plants• Animals
Advantages to Advantages to being Multi-Cellularbeing Multi-Cellular
• Larger Size-more likely to be a predator instead of prey
• Longer Life-cell dies, but not organism
• Specialization-each cell has a different job (ex: heart muscle cell makes heart pump blood)
Prokayotes vs. EukaryotesProkayotes vs. Eukaryotes• All living things are made of…
Such AsSuch As
Cells
Eukaryotes
humans
Prokaryotes
Bacteria Archea plants
NO NUCLEUS
HAVE A NUCLEUS
HAVE OTHER MEMBRANE-
BOUND ORGANELLES
NO MEMBRANE-
BOUND ORGANELLES
Example Bacteria (Prokaryote)
Six Characteristics of Living Six Characteristics of Living ThingsThings
Living things have all of these:• Have Cells• Sense and respond to change• Reproduce (an ant can not make an
elephant)• Have DNA• Use Energy (make food/break down
food)• Grow and Develop“Can She Really Drink Elmer’s Glue”
Five Building Blocks of Living Five Building Blocks of Living Things (PLANC)Things (PLANC)
• Proteins• Lipids• ATP• Nucleic Acids• Carbohydrates
Levels of OrganizationLevels of Organization• Cells=smallest functional and structural unit of all
living organisms• Tissue=a group of similar cells that perform a
common function– 4 types in animals: nerve, muscle, connective,
protective– 3 types in plants: Transport, protective, ground
• Organs-a collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function (stomach, intestines, brain, lungs)
• Organ Systems -A group of organs that work together to perform body functions (skeletal, muscular, digestive, circulatory, respiratory, excretory, nervous)
• Organism=a living thing, anything that can carry out life processes independently
Example: Animal Levels of Example: Animal Levels of OrganizationOrganization
• Organism– Human
• Organ System– Digestive System
• Organ– Stomach
• Tissue– Muscle Tissue: Makes food move– Connective Tissue: Holds stomach together– Nervous Tissue: Carries messages back and forth
• Cell– Muscle Cell– Nerve Cell
Example: Plant Level of Example: Plant Level of OrganizationOrganization
• Organism– Plant
• Organ System– Leaf Systems– Root Systems– Stem Systems
• Organ– Leaf: contains tissues that trap energy to make food– Stems– Roots
• Tissue– Transport: Moves water and nutrients thru plant– Protective: Covers the plant– Ground: Where photosynthesis takes place
• Cell