THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) TREATED AND NOT TREATED WITH Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of College of Science University of Rizal System Morong, Rizal In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Science in Biology JAYRALYN A. MISA JEDDALYN M. EMPERADOR
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THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) TREATED AND NOT TREATED WITH Chromolaena odorata (GONOY)
A Thesis Presented
to the Faculty of College of Science
University of Rizal System
Morong, Rizal
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Biology
JAYRALYN A. MISAJEDDALYN M. EMPERADOR
October 2009
APPROVAL SHEET
This thesis entitled THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF Zea rugosa
(SWEET CORN) TREATED AND NOT TREATED WITH Chromolaena odorata
(GONOY) has been prepared and submitted in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree Bachelor of Science in Biology by JAYRALYN A.
MISA, and JEDDALYN M. EMPERADOR, who are hereby recommended for
corresponding oral examination.
________________ EMMA E. LINGA, Ed.D. Date Adviser
Approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor
of Science in Biology by the Oral Examination Committee.
ZENAIDA S. ANGELES RICARDO R. ARISTON Member Member
AIDA M. ODIChairman
Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of Science in Biology.
________________ VALENTINA R. CATMUNAN, Ph.DDate Dean, College of Science
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researchers express gratitude to the following persons, who have
unselfishly rendered a part of them toward the accomplishment of this study.
Dr.RENEECILIA B. PAZ DE LEON, Chancellor, University of Rizal System
Morong, for allowing the researchers to perform the study.
Dr.VALENTINA R. CATMUNAN, Dean, College of Science, for granting
the approval of this study.
Dr. EMMA E. LINGA, their adviser, for sharing her expertise, support and
encouragement for the improvement of this work.
Prof. ZENAIDA S. ANGELES, their critic, for the comment, suggestions
and recommendation towards the improvement of this study.
Prof. RICARDO R. ARISTON, their statistician, for providing valuable
suggestion ideas and guidance in pursuing this study.
Prof. AIDA M. ODI, their chairman, for valuable advises and support in this
study.
Prof. DOMINGO S. PANTALEON, their research professor, for his pieces
of advice and words of encouragement that inspired the researchers.
And above all, to LORD and SAVIOR JESUS CHRIST for his blessings,
wisdom and strength showered upon the researchers.
The Researchers
Dedication
We would like to dedicate this piece of work to God Almighty, who gave us life, strength and knowledge to do this study
possible.To our families, especially to our parents for their unselfish love, who supported us
financially, emotionally and spiritually. To our School, University of Rizal System Morong, for giving us opportunity to study here. The rooted foundation instilled and
shared with us will always enlighten us, as we reach for higher goals in life. We will always treasure all the memories of our years, spent together in this institution
that helped us mold our future.To our professors and to our beloved
Adviser Dr. Emma E. Linga, who guide and share her ideas in this study.
Lastly to our classmates and friends who taught us the meaning of friendship, those ups and downs we’ve been through, made us even more closer. You will always be a
part of our lives.
♥Jhai♥♥Jhedz♥
ABSTRACT
TITLE: THE GROWTH PERORMANCE OF Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) TREATED AND NOT TREATED WITH Chromolaena odorata (GONOY)
AUTHORS:
JAYRALYN A. MISAROSE ANN S. COLEMANJEDDALYN M. EMPERADORRONA MAE AIRA P. QUISQUINO
COURSE AND ACADEMIC YEAR: Bachelor of Science in BiologyS.Y. 2009-2010
Type of Document: Undergraduate Thesis
Number of pages: 97 pages
Name and Address of University: University of Rizal System Morong,Rizal
SUMMARY:
The study is entitled The Growth Performance of Zea rugosa (SWEET
CORN) Treated and Not Treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY).
The study was conducted to determine the growth performance of Zea
rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated and not treated with Chromolaena odorata
(GONOY). Two different treatments were used Treatment A-treated with
Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) and Treatment B-not treated with Chromolaena
odorata (GONOY), to determine the growth performance of Zea rugosa (SWEET
CORN) in terms of height, weight of fruits, quality of fruits, quality of leaves and
weeds growing in the area.
This study was conducted at the University of Rizal System Morong
Campus and at Blk. 12 Lot 8 Mt. View Ave. Sunnyvale 1 Subd. Pantok,
Binangonan, Rizal.
Questionnaire-checklist was used to gather data and information about the
quality of fruits when treated and not treated with Gonoy. The study included
interpretation of the documents obtained from the respondents.
This study used the experimental method of research in determining the
effect of Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) as an alternative organic herbicide to
the growth performance of Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN). The data obtained were
analyzed and interpreted using Mean and Standard Deviation and T-test. To
determine the growth performance of Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) and the
perception of the respondents in terms of texture, taste, scent and color, Mean
and Standard Deviation were used. T-test was applied to find out the significant
difference on growth performance of Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated and
not treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) and on the perception of the
respondents in terms of texture, taste, scent and color.
Based from the result of the analyzed data. It was revealed that there is
significant difference between treated and not treated with Chromolaena odorata
(GONOY) in terms of height, quality of leaves, weight of fruits, and weeds
growing in the area and it shows that the Gonoy inhibit the growth of weeds. It is
also revealed that there is significant difference on the perception of the
respondents in the quality of fruits treated and not treated with Chromolaena
odorata (GONOY) in terms of texture, taste, scent and color. It was therefore
recommended that farmers should used Chromolaena odorata (GONOY)
herbicide in Sweet Corn planting, Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) herbicide
should be used for other species of plants, further study should be conducted
involving other uses of Chromolaena odorata (GONOY), other researchers
should conduct chemical analysis regarding Chromolaena odorata (GONOY).
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
TITLE PAGE…………………………………………………………………… i
APPROVAL SHEET…………………………………………………………. ii
ACKNOWLEGDEMENT…………………………………………………….. iii
DEDICATION………………………………………………………………… iv
ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………….. v
TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………………. viii
LIST OF TABLES…………………………………………………………… xi
LIST OF FIGURES…………………………………………………………. xiii
Chapter
1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Background and Purpose of the Study…………… 1Theoretical Framework…………………………….. 9Conceptual Framework……………………………. 10
Statement of the Problem………………………….. 10Hypothesis…………………………………………… 12Assumption………………………………………….. 13Scope and Limitation of the Study………………… 13Definition of Terms…………………………………. 14
2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design…………………………………… 18
Setting of the Study…………………………………. 18Subject of the Study………………………………… 19Sources of Data……………………………………… 21Procedure of the Study……………………………… 22Materials Used in the Study ……………………….. 23Procedure of the Experiment................................... 23Statistical Treatment………………………………… 28
Chapter Page
3 THE PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
The Growth Performance of Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated and not treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) in Terms of Height, Weight of fruits, Quality of fruits, Quality of leaves and Weeds growing in the area…………………………………….. 35
The Significant Difference on the Growth Performance of Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) Treated and Not Treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) in Terms of Height, Weight of fruits, Quality of leaves and Weeds growing in the area…. 37
The Perception of the Respondents on The Quality of Fruits Treated and Not Treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) as\Perceived by the Respondents in Terms of Texture, Taste, Scent and Color…………... 39
The Significant Difference of the Perception of the Respondents on the Quality of fruits Treated and Not Treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) in Terms of Texture, Taste, Scent and Color…………. 47
Note.…………………………………………………… 49
4 THE SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary of Findings ……………………………….. 50Conclusion …………………………………………… 54Recommendation …………………………………… 54
BIBLIOGRAPHY …………………………………………………. 56APPENDIX A Material Used in the Study…………………………. 58 B Sample Record Sheet……………………………… 59 C Certificate of Content Validation………………….. 65 D Letter to the Respondents………………………… 66 E Questionnaire Checklist…………………………… 67 F Gantt chart………………………………………….. 70
CURRICULUM VITAE…………………………………………….. 71
LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
1 Computed Mean and Standard Deviationon the Growth Performance of Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) Treated and Not Treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) in Terms of Height, Weight of Fruits, Quality of Leaves and Weeds Grown in the Area……………………… 35
2 The Significant Difference on the Growth Performance of Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) Treated and Not Treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) in Terms of Height, Weight of Fruits, Quality of Leaves and Weeds Grown in the Area……………………………………… 38
3 Computed Mean and Standard Deviation on the Perception of the Respondents on the Quality of Fruits treated and not treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) in Terms of Texture……………………………………………..
39
4 Computed Mean and Standard Deviation on the Perception of the Respondents on the Quality of Fruits treated and not treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) in Terms of Taste……………………………………………….
41
5 Computed Mean and Standard Deviation on the Perception of the Respondents on the Quality of Fruits treated and not treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) in Terms of Scent……………………………………………….
43
6 Computed Mean and Standard Deviation on the Perception of the Respondents on the Quality of Fruits treated and not treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) in Terms of Color...……………………………………………
45
7 The Significant Difference on the Perception of the Respondents on the Quality of Fruits treated and not treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) in Terms of Texture, Taste, Scent and Color…………………………………
47
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure
Page
1 The Conceptual Model Showing the Growth Performance of Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) Treated and Not Treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY)…………………………………………. 11
2 Photographic Representation of Chromolaena odorata (GONOY)……………………………….. 19
3 Photographic Representation of Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN)…………….............................. 20
4 Photographic Representation of Material Used in the Study………………………………………. 23
5 Photographic Representation of Collecting Leaves of Chromolaena odorata (GONOY)…. 24
6 Photographic Representation of Powdering leaves of Gonoy………….................................. 24
7 Photographic Representation of Plot Preparation…………………………………....….. 25
8
Photographic Representation of Seed Planting
25
9 Photographic Representation of Application of Chromolaena odorata (GONOY)……………….. 26
10 Photographic Representation of Measuring the Height of Sweet Corn……………………………. 26
11 Photographic Representation of Measuring the Leaves of Sweet Corn…………………………… 27
12 Photographic Representation of Weighing fruits 27
13 Photographic Representation of dry Leaves of Gonoy…………………………………………….. 29
14 Photographic Representation of Grains of Sweet Corn………………………………………. 29
Figure Page
15 Photographic Representation of Respondents (Faculty)…………………………………………… 30
16 Photographic Representation of Respondents (Students of IV-BS)………………………….….. 31
17 Photographic Representation of Respondents (Students of IV-A BS Biology)………………….. 32
18 Photographic Representation of Weeds that Grown in the Area…………………………….. 33
Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
This chapter presents the background and purpose of the study,
theoretical and conceptual framework, statement of the problem, research
hypothesis, assumption, scope and limitations and definition of terms.
Background and Purpose of the Study
Plants grow almost everywhere. Plants like flowers, grass and trees are
common. These plants supply man with food, clothing and shelter. Many of our
most useful medicines are also made from plants. But, not all plants are helpful
to man. Some species grow in fields and gardens as weeds. These weeds choke
off useful plants.1Those unwanted plants for any reasons are considered weeds.
These occupy a unique place in agriculture.2
Weeds are popular name given to numerous wild plants. These can be
very destructive both by smothering cultivated crops and by taking away moisture
among plant foods. Indirectly, weeds cause poor crop and a consequent loss of
food.3It can also be one of the most pressing problems encountered by the
farmers in the fields. According to some farmers, weeds are very hard to control
especially the cogon and the talahib grass. Those grow along the field. The other
problem, encountered by the farmer is the growth of the plant even unaffected by
the weeds. These affect essential nutrients absorb by the soil where it grows.
The nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are the primary elements
needed by plant to grow. Weeds compete with the growth of farm crops. These
weeds take water, sunlight and food. Weeds indirectly harm the crops by carrying
insect, pest and diseases.
There are several types of weeds-Annual, Biennial and Perennial. Annual
weeds complete its life cycle in one season. These are wild mustard, pigweeds
and crab grass. Biennial weeds complete its life cycle in two seasons. Some of
these are wild eggplant, goat beards and wild carrots. Perennial weeds live for
more than two years. These reproduce after the second season with seeds, roots
or underground stems. Some of these are talahib, quack grass, and cogon grass
and morning glory.4
There are four general methods of weed control-cultural, mechanical,
biological and chemical. Cultural control is the use of efficient crop production to
prevent weeds from growing. One such technique involves planting crop seeds
that free off weed seeds. Crop rotation helps keep weeds from adapting to
certain area. In small areas, a covering called mulch, is placed in the ground
around plants to prevent weed growth. Common types of mulches include grass
clippings, wood chips, and plastic sheets.
Mechanical control is the destruction of weeds manually or by machine.
Farmers use a machine called cultivator. To dig up large weeds and cover the
smaller ones with soil. Tall weeds in pastures and on road sides are controlled by
mowing. Hoeing weeds or pulling them out of the ground by hand can be
effective in small gardens, flowers, beds and lawns.
Biological control involves the use of natural enemies of weeds growing in
a specific area. For example, insects and others small animals that eat certain
weeds may be placed into the field where those weeds are growing. Bacteria and
other organisms are used to spread diseases among specific species of weeds.
Chemical control or chemical compounds are called weeds
herbicides.5Herbicides are sometimes called weed killers. Farmers and ranchers
used herbicides to control weeds that grow among crops. People also used
herbicides to eliminate weeds from lawns, parks, industrial sites and other areas.
There are two types of herbicides, the selective and non-selective.
Selective herbicides eliminate weeds without harming the crop while the non-
selective herbicides destroy all plants.
Herbicides have been used since the early 1850’s. When salt was used to
control unwanted plants. Salts, copper, sulfate and other early herbicides were
non-selective. Selective herbicides came into use in 1944.6
The ideal herbicide is cheap, easy to make and apply. It is specific in its
action, biodegradable and without undesirable side effects to ecosystems or to
humans. Some herbicides meet these criteria; other common herbicides do not.7
Many herbicides have been developed wherein their efficacy involves the
blocking of photosynthetic electron flow. Dichloromethyl urea (DCMU) is
commonly known as dourine, blocks electron transport to quinine acceptors of
photosynthetic II. Thereby, preventing reduction of P700. Another herbicide
Photosynthetic I and reacts with 02 to form the superoxide radical. This O2
species is very damaging to chloroplast components.8
There are a number of natural pesticides available to gardeners for insect
control. But, relatively there are few natural herbicides that are available for the
eradication of weeds or other invasive plants. However, there are plants that act
as natural herbicides, such as black walnuts, sunflower, sagebrush and spotted
knapweed. These plants excrete chemicals that can kill another plant species
growing nearby. The process of certain plants acting as natural herbicides is
called allelopathy.9
Allelopathy, is known as the chemical mechanism of plants interference, is
characterized by reduction in plants emergence of growth, reducing their
performance in the association. The term allelopathy was originated by Molisch
(1973) to reciprocate suffering of two organisms. The science of allelopathy
provide a base to aid crop production. Nowadays, allelopathy is concerned in
research involving sustainable agriculture, also referred as organic, low input,
biodynamic or resource conserving. Allelopathy has been used in agricultural
practices, such as weed control, intercropping, nutrient recycling and low external
input farming practices. The allelopathic plant products are known to offer a vast
array secondary compounds which have the potential to be used directly as
herbicides substitutes or as in structural leads for new synthetic herbicides. The
potential for undesirable environmental contamination for herbicides is relatively
high, and there is a need for environmental safe herbicides that are equally or
more effective and selective than currently available synthetic herbicides.
Allelopathic research can be applied to many current weed problems. The
recognized importance of allelopathy in agricultural practices has been increased
with the main objective of using this phenomenon’s in biological control of weeds.
One approach to utilize these is suggested to screen accessions of
allelopathic crops for their ability to reduce weeds.10
In, accordance with the government program on the proper utilization of
the natural resources and for the practical use of knowledge in Science and
Technology the Philippines Constitution Article XIV, Section 10, states that:
“Science and technology are essential for natural development and progress. The state shall give priority to research and development inventions, innovation and the utilization; and to Science and Technology, Education, training and service. It shall support the indigenous appropriate and self-reliant and science and technological capabilities and their applications to the country productive systems of life.”11
In this study the researchers chose plant called Chromolaena odorata
(Gonoy) as an alternative plant to make herbicides. The researchers chose this
plant because of its very wide geographical distribution in the country.
Chromolaena odorata belongs to the family of Asteraceae. It is a fast
growing perennial shrub, native to South America and Central America. It has
been introduced into the tropical regions of Asia, Africa and the Pacific, where it
is an invasive weed. Also known as Siam weed, it forms dense stands that
prevent the establishment of other plant species. It is an aggressive competitor
and may have allelopathic effects. It is also a nuisance weed in agricultural and
commercial plantations.12
In this literature, the researchers found out that this allelopathic
component of this Gonoy plants, can possibly be used as an alternative
herbicides to eliminate certain weeds. This kind of weed to be used as herbicides
is selective because it is natural and organic occurring plant.
15Pharmaceutical Biology (formerly International Journal of Pharmacognosy), Volume 35, No. 2
16Undergraduate Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños”Phytochemical Screening of Gonoy (Chromolaena Odorata) Leaves, its Antimicrobial and Coagulative Properties”.
17Undergraduate Thesis, URS-Morong “The influence of Lactuca sativa (Lettuce) on the yield performance of Chromolaena odorata (Gonoy) 2007”
18 In: Rizvi, S.J.H. and V. Rizvi. Allelopathy: Basic and Applied aspects. p.256-268
19Edward N. Teall,A.M Webster New Handy Pocket Dictionary
Chapter 3PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter deals with the presentation, analysis and interpretation of
data gathered regarding the effectiveness of Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) as
Herbicide to The Growth Performance of Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) and the
answer to the specific presented.
The Growth Performance of Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) Treated and Not Treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) in Terms of Height, Quality of Leaves, Weight of Fruits and Weeds Grown in the Area.
Table 1 presents the computed mean and standard deviation on the
growth performance of Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated and not treated with
Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) in terms of height, quality of leaves, weight of
fruits, and weeds grown in the area.
Table 1 Computed Mean and Standard Deviation on the Growth Performance
of Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) Treated and Not Treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) in Terms of Height, Quality of Leaves, Weight of Fruits, and
Weeds Grown in the Area
Treated with Gonoy
Not Treated with Gonoy
_ X SD
_X SD
1.Height 211.13 cm 16.76 179.23 cm 12.192.Quality of leaves 89.98 cm 18.88 81.97 cm 11.513.Weight of fruits 654.33 g 30.35 624.33 g 32.014Weeds
4.1Bakis-bakisan 56.15 g 2.09 69.98 g 1.50 4.2 Palmer amaranth 4.94 g 0.81 8.79 g 1.19Total no. of Weeds 61.08 g 1.95 78.78 g 1.32
The table reveals that Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) not treated with
Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) has the least growth performance in terms of
height having a mean of 179.23 cm., with standard deviation of 12.19. However,
Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) has
obtained the highest growth performance in terms of height having a mean of
211.13 cm., with standard deviation of 16.76.
In terms of quality of leaves Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) not treated with
Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) obtained a mean 81.97 cm with the standard
deviation of 11.51 and Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated with Chromolaena
odorata (GONOY) obtained the highest mean of 89.98 cm and with standard
deviation of 18.88.
In terms of weight of fruits Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) not treated with
Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) obtained a mean of 624.33 g and with standard
deviation of 32.01 while Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated with Chromolaena
odorata (GONOY) obtained a highest mean of 654.33 g and with standard
deviation of 30.35.
In terms of weeds, there were two kinds of weeds grown in the area, the
bakis-bakisan and palmer amaranth. The Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated
with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) in terms of bakis-bakisan obtained a mean
of 56.15 g with standard deviation of 2.09 while Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) not
treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) in terms of bakis-bakisan obtained
a mean of 69.98 g and standard deviation of 1.50. The Zea rugosa (SWEET
CORN) treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) in terms of palmer
amaranth obtained a mean of 4.94 g with standard deviation of 0.81. However,
Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) not treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) in
terms of palmer amaranth obtained a mean of 8.79 g and standard deviation of
1.19.
In terms of total number of weeds Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated
with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) obtained a mean of 61.08 g with standard
deviation of 1.95 while Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) not treated with
Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) obtained the highest mean of 78.78 g and with
standard deviation of 1.32. It shows that Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated
with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) has greatest effect on the rate of inhibition
of weeds since it eliminates the growth of the weeds.
The result showed that Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated with
Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) has the greatest effect on the growth
performance in terms of height, quality of leaves, weight of fruits, and it
eliminates the weeds grown in the area. According to the research study done by
Fullante et.al, of BS Biology student in URS Morong, showed that the leaves of
Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) are high in nitrate content that makes it an ideal
source of nitrogen fertilizer which could be utilized for the propagation of
desirable plants.1
The Significant Difference on the Growth Performance of Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) Treated and Not Treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) In Terms of Height, Quality of Leaves, Weight of Fruits, and Weeds Grown in the Area.
Table 2 the significant difference on the growth performance of Zea
rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated and not treated with Chromolaena odorata
(GONOY) in terms of height, quality of leaves, weight of fruits, and weeds grown
in the area.
Table 2
The Significant Difference on the Growth Performance of Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) Treated and Not Treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) in
Terms of Height, Quality of Leaves, Weight of Fruits, andWeeds Grown in the Area
t df P-value Ho VI1.Height 5.96 28 .000 R S2.Quality of leaves
1.98 58 .05 R S
3.Weight of fruits
2.63 28 .014 R S
4.Weeds 4.1Bakis-bakisan
17.82 20 .000 R S
4.2 Palmer amaranth
8.89 17.58 .000 R S
Total no. of weeds
24.92 20 .000 R S
The table shows that there is significant difference on the growth
performance of Zea rugosa (SWEET CORB) treated and not treated with
Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) in terms of height, quality of leaves, weight of
fruits and weeds grown in the area. Since P-value
of .000, .014, .05, .000, .000, .000 respectively exceeded .05 level of
significance, thus the null hypothesis is rejected.
The result clearly showed that Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated with
Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) has greatest effect on the growth performance
in terms of height, quality of leaves, weight of fruits and in the rate inhibition of
weeds. According to Chris Boerboom when weeds were controlled at the
specified weed heights and later emerging weeds were also controlled.2
The Perception of the Respondents on The Quality of Fruits Treated and Not Treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) as Perceived by the Respondents in Terms of Texture, Taste, Scent and Color.
Table 3 presents the computed mean and standard deviation on the
perception of the respondents on the quality of fruits treated and not treated with
Table 3Computed Mean and Standard Deviation on the Perception of the
Respondents on the Quality of fruits treated and Not Treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) in
Terms of Texture
Texture
Treated with Gonoy Not Treated with Gonoy
_ X
VI
SD
_ X
VI SD
1.Kernel or grains of theCorn is perfectly arranged.
4.57 VMC 0.73 4.17 MO 0.87
2.The Corn is full of kernel without any space.
4.33 VMC 0.68 4.20 VMO 0.76
3.Kernel or grains of the Corn is tender and firm.
4.40 VMC 0.72 4.17 MO 0.79
4.Kernel or grains of Corn is juicy.
4.71 VMC 0.66 3.96 MO 0.51
5.Kernel or grains of Corn is smooth.
4.53 VMC 0.51 4.20 VMO 0.61
General 4.52 VMC 0.55 4.14 MO 0.59
The table reveals that Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated with
Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) as perceived by the respondents in terms of
texture shows that number 1 obtained a mean of 4.57, a standard deviation of
0.73 and verbally interpreted as “Very Much Comparable (VMC)”. Number 2
having a mean of 4.33, standard deviation of 0.68 and verbally interpreted “Very
Much Comparable (VMC)”. Number 3 obtained a mean of 4.40, a standard
deviation of 0.72 and verbally interpreted as “Very Much Comparable (VMC)”.
Number 4 obtained a mean of 4.71, a standard deviation of 0.66 and verbally
interpreted as “Very Much Comparable (VMC)”. Lastly, number 5 obtained a
mean of 4.53, a standard deviation of 0.51 and verbally interpreted as “Very
Much Comparable (VMC)”.
Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) not treated with Chromolaena odorata
(GONOY) as perceived by the respondents in terms of texture shows that
number 1 obtained a mean of 4.17, a standard deviation of 0.87, and verbally
interpreted as “Much Observed (MO)”. Number 2 obtained a mean of 4.20, a
standard deviation of 0.76 and verbally interpreted as “Very Much Observed
(VMO)”. Number 3 obtained a mean of 4.17, a standard deviation of 0.79 and
verbally interpreted as “Much Observed (MO)”. Number 4 obtained a mean of
3.96, a standard deviation of 0.51 and verbally interpreted as “Much Observed
(MO)”. Lastly, number 5 obtained a mean of 4.20, a standard deviation of 0.61
and verbally interpreted as “Very Much Observed (VMO)”.
Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY)
obtained a general mean of 4.52, a standard deviation of 0.55 and verbally
interpreted as “Very Much Comparable (VMC)” while Zea rugosa (SWEET
CORN) not treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) obtained a general
mean of 4.14, a standard deviation of 0.59 and verbally interpreted as “Much
Observed (MO)”
The result implies that Zea rugosa (GONOY) treated with Chromolaena
odorata (GONOY) has a greatest effect on the quality of fruits in terms of texture.
According to O.P Shukla et.al organic herbicide kills majority of weeds when
sprayed on the crop without damaging the cereals.3
Table 4 presents the computed weighted mean and standard deviation of
the extent of observation on the quality of fruits treated and not treated with
Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) in terms of taste.
Table 4
Computed Mean and Standard Deviation on the Perception of the Respondents on the Quality of fruits treated and Not Treated
with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) inTerms of Taste
Taste
Treated with Gonoy Not Treated with Gonoy
_ X
VI
SD
_ X
VI
SD
1.Kernel or grains of theCorn is sweet.
4.67 VMC 0.61 4.03 MO 0.67
2.The taste lingers in your mouth.
4.37 VMC 0.67 3.80 MO 0.61
3.The Corn is delicious. 4.60 VMC 0.67 3.97 MO 0.72
4.Appeals to the sense of taste
4.55 VMC 0.57 3.93 MO 0.65
5.The taste is great. 4.59 VMC 0.63 3.93 MO 0.75
General 4.54 VMC 0.56 3.94 MO 0.60
On the other hand, Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated with
Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) as perceived by the respondents in terms of
taste shows that, number 1 obtained a mean of 4.67, a standard deviation of 0.61
and verbally interpreted as “Very Much Comparable (VMC)”. Number 2 obtained
a mean of 4.37, a standard deviation of 0.67 and verbally interpreted as “Very
Much Comparable (VMC)”. Number 3 having a mean of 4.60, a standard
deviation of 0.67 and verbally interpreted as “Very Much Comparable (VMC)”.
Number 4 obtained a mean of 4.55, a standard deviation of 0.57 and verbally
interpreted as “Very Much Comparable (VMC)”. Lastly, number 5 having a mean
of 4.59, a standard deviation of 0.63 and verbally interpreted as “Very Much
Comparable (VMC)”.
Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) not treated with Chromolaena odorata
(GONOY) as perceived by the respondent’s shows that number 1 obtained a
mean of 4.03, a standard deviation of 0.67 and verbally interpreted as “Much
Observed (MO)”. Number 2 obtained a mean of 3.80, a standard deviation of
0.61 and verbally interpreted as “Much Observed (MO)”. Number 3 obtained a
mean of 3.97, a standard deviation of 0.72 and verbally interpreted as “Much
Observed (MO)”. Number 4 obtained a mean of 3.93, a standard deviation of
0.65 and verbally interpreted as “Much Observed (MO)”. Lastly, number 5 having
a mean of 3.93, a standard deviation of 0.75 and verbally interpreted as “Much
Observed (MO)”.
Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY)
obtained a general mean of 4.54, a standard deviation of 0.56 and verbally
interpreted as “Very Much Comparable (VMC)” while Zea rugosa (SWEET
CORN) not treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) obtained a general
mean of 3.94, a standard deviation of 0.60 and verbally interpreted as “Much
Observed (MO)”
The result implies that Zea rugosa treated with Chromolaena odorata
(GONOY) has the greatest effect on the quality of fruits in terms of taste. As
stated by WIESE, Lars Ole; (DK), the organic herbicide primarily uses
ingredients, which are used for human nutrition, and the individual components
are harmless to nature including animals and people.4
Table 5 presents the computed mean and standard deviation on the
perception of the respondents on the quality of fruits treated and not treated with
Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) in terms of scent.
Table 5
Computed Mean and Standard Deviation on the Perception of the Respondents on the Quality of fruits treated and Not Treated
with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) inTerms of Scent
Scent
Treated with Gonoy Not Treated with Gonoy
_ X VI
SD
_ X
VI
SD
1.The aroma is very sweet. 4.57 VMC 0.57 4.10 MO 0.66
2.The smell is very tempting.
4.43 VMC 0.63 3.93 MO 0.69
3.Smells good. 4.60 VMC 0.62 4.03 MO 0.76
4.It has a very pleasant and attractive scent.
4.53 VMC 0.68 3.97 MO 0.76
5.The smell is acceptable.
4.54 VMC 0.65 3.87 MO 0.76
General 4.52 VMC 0.54 3.97 MO 0.65
Based on the table above , Zea rugosa treated with Chromolaena odorata
(GONOY) as evaluated by the respondents show that number 1 obtained a mean
of 4.57, a standard deviation of 0.57 and verbally interpreted as “ Very Much
Comparable (VMC) ”.Number 2 obtained a mean of 4.43 with standard deviation
of 0.63 and verbally interpreted as “ Very Much Comparable (VMC)’’.Number 3
obtained a mean of 4.60, a standard deviation of o.62 and verbally interpreted as
“ Very Much Comparable (VMC)’’.Number 4 having a mean of 4.53 , a standard
deviation of 0.68 and verbally interpreted as “Very Much Comparable
(VMC)’’.Lastly ,Number 5 has a mean of 4.54, a standard deviation of 0.65 and
verbally interpreted as “Very Much Comparable (VMC)’’.
Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) not treated with Chromolaena odorata
(GONOY) as evaluated by the respondents show that Number 1 obtained a
mean of 4.10 , a standard deviation of 0.66 and verbally interpreted as “Much
Observed (MO)’’.Number 2 having a mean of 3.93 , a standard deviation of 0.69
and verbally interpreted as “Much Observed (MO)’’.Number 3 obtained a mean of
4.03 , a standard deviation of 0.76 and verbally interpreted as “Much Observed
(MO)’’.Number 4 obtained a mean of 3.97 , a standard deviation of 0.76 and
verbally interpreted as “Much Observed (MO)’’.Lastly , Number 5 having a mean
of 3.87 , a standard deviation of 0.76 and verbally interpreted as “Much Observed
(MO)’’.
Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY)
obtained a general mean of 4.52, a standard deviation of 0.54 and verbally
interpreted as “Very Much Comparable (VMC)” while Zea rugosa (SWEET
CORN) not treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) obtained a general
mean of 3.97, a standard deviation of 0.65 and verbally interpreted as “Much
Observed (MO)”
The result clearly showed that Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated with
Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) has a greatest effect on the quality of fruits in
terms of scent. According to U.S Environmental Protection Agency Organic
herbicides are used to clear waste ground and kill all weeds with which they
come into contact.5
Table 6 presents the computed mean and standard deviation of the extent
of observation on the quality of fruits treated and not treated with Chromolaena
odorata (GONOY) in terms of color.
Table 6
Computed Mean and Standard Deviation on the Perception of the Respondents on the Quality of fruits treated and Not Treated
with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) inTerms of Color
Color
Treated with Gonoy Not Treated with Gonoy
_ X
VI
SD
_ X
VI
SD
1.Kernel or grains of the Corn is yellow.
4.77 VMC 0.57 4.24 VMC 0.79
2.The color is veryTempting.
4.55 VMC 0.57 4.11 MC 0.69
3.The color of the corn Treated with Gonoy isComparable with the corn treated without Gonoy.
4.48 VMC 0.78 4.08 MC 0.83
4.The color is attractive and pleasant to the eyes,.
4.60 VMC 0.72 4.17 MC 0.76
5.The color is bright and shiny.
4.50 VMC 0.73 4.00 MC 0.80
General 4.57 VMC 0.62 4.12 MC 0.69
The table reveals that Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated with
Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) when it comes to the perceptions of the
respondents show that Number 1 obtained a mean of 4.77 , a standard deviation
of 0.57 and verbally interpreted as “Very Much Comparable (VMC)’’.Number 2
obtained a mean of 4.55 , a standard deviation of 0.57 and verbally interpreted
as “Very Much Comparable (VMC)’’.Number 3 obtained a mean of 4.48 with 0.78
standard deviation and verbally interpreted as “Very Much Comparable
(VMC)’’.Number 4 obtained a mean of 4.60 with 0.72 standard deviation and
verbally interpreted as “Very Much Comparable (VMC)’’.Lastly , Number 5 having
a mean of 4.50 with standard deviation of 0.73 and verbally interpreted as “Very
Much Comparable (VMC)’’.
Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) not treated with Chromolaena odorata
(GONOY) when it comes to the perceptions of the respondents show that
Number 1 obtained a mean of 4.24 , a standard deviation of 0.79 and verbally
interpreted as “Very Much Observed (VMO)’’. Number 2 with a weighted mean of
4.11 , a standard deviation of 0.69 and verbally interpreted as “Much Observed
(MO)’’.Number 3 obtained a mean of 4.08 with a 0.83 standard deviation and
verbally interpreted as “Much Observed (MO)’’.Number 4 have a mean of 4.17 , a
standard deviation of 0.76 and verbally interpreted as “Much Observed
(MO)’’.Lastly ,Number 5 obtained a mean of 4.00 with 0.80 standard deviation
and verbally interpreted as “Much Observed (MO)’’.
Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY)
obtained a general mean of 4.57, a standard deviation of 0.62 and verbally
interpreted as “Very Much Comparable (VMC)” while Zea rugosa (SWEET
CORN) not treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) obtained a general
mean of 4.12, a standard deviation of 0.69 and verbally interpreted as “Much
Observed (MO)”
The result implies that Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated with
Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) has the greatest effect on the quality of fruits in
terms of color. According to V.S Rao Organic herbicide are considered almost
synonymous with modern weed science technology as they gave a new direction
to the farmer to realize the maximum yield potential of the crop at lower
production cost, priorly never possible. This help in making more effective,
economical and safe recommendation for control of numerous weeds in different
crops.6
The Significant Difference on the Perception of the Respondents on the Quality of Fruits Treated and Not Treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) in Terms of Texture,Taste, Scent and Color.
Table 7 shows the significant difference on the perception of the
respondents on the quality of fruits treated and not treated with Chromolaena
odorata (GONOY) in terms of texture, taste, scent and color.
Table 7
The Significant Difference on the Perception of the Respondents on the Quality of Fruits Treated and Not Treated With
Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) in Terms of Texture, Taste, Scent and Color.
t df P-value Ho VITexture 3.54 29 .001 R STaste 3.92 29 .000 R SScent 3.96 29 .000 R SColor 2.95 28 .006 R S
The table shows that there is significant difference on the perception of the
respondents on the quality of fruits treated and not treated with Chromolaena
odorata (GONOY) in terms of texture, taste, scent and color. Since the P-value of
.001, .000, .000, and .006 respectively exceeded .05 level of significance, thus
the null hypothesis is rejected.
The result implies that Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated with
Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) has a greatest effect on the quality of fruits in
terms of texture, taste, scent and color. According to Chris Boerboom Organic
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
This chapter presents the findings of the study, the conclusions based
from the result obtained and recommendations.
Summary of Findings
The summary of findings from the analysis of data and results obtained in
the previous chapter were hereby presented:
1. The growth performance of Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated and
not treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) in terms of height, quality of
leaves, weight of fruits, and weeds grown in the area.
1.1 In terms of height, Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated with
Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) obtained a highest mean of
211.13. Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) not treated with
Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) obtained the lowest mean of
179.25.
1.2 In terms of Quality of leaves, Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated
with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) obtained a highest mean of
89.98 and Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) not treated with
Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) obtained the lowest mean of
81.97.
1.3 In terms of weight of fruits, Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated
with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) obtained a highest mean of
654.33. While Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) not treated with
Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) obtained the lowest mean of
624.33
1.4 In terms of weeds, Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated with
Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) has the greatest effect on the
rate of inhibition of weeds with a value of 61.08 for the mean and
1.95 for standard deviation.
2. The significant difference on the growth performance of Zea rugosa
(SWEET CORN) treated and not treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) in
terms of height, quality of leaves, weight of fruits, and weeds grown in the area.
2.1 It was found out that there is significant difference on the growth
performance of Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated and not
treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) in terms of height, as
revealed by the significance of .000 that was less than the .05
level of significance, therefore the null hypothesis is rejected.
2.2 It was found out that there is significant difference on the growth
performance of Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated and not
treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) in terms of quality of
leaves, as revealed by the significance of .05 that is equal to .05
level of significance, thus the null hypothesis is rejected.
2.3 In terms of weight of fruits, it was found out that there is significant
difference on the growth performance of Zea rugosa (SWEET
CORN) treated and not treated with Chromolaena odorata
(GONOY) in terms of weight of fruits, as revealed by the
significance of .014 that was less than the .05 level of significance,
therefore the null hypothesis is rejected.
2.4 In terms of total number of weeds, it was found out that there is
significant difference on the growth performance of Zea rugosa
(SWEET CORN) treated and not treated with Chromolaena
odorata (GONOY) in terms of total number of weeds, as revealed
by the significance of .000 that was less than the .05 level of
significance, thus the null hypothesis is rejected.
3. The perception of the respondents on the quality of fruits when treated
and not treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) in terms of texture, taste,
scent and color.
3.1 In terms of texture, Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated with
Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) obtained the highest general
mean 4.52 while Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) not treated with
Chromolaena odorata obtained the lowest general mean of 4.14.
3.2 In terms of taste, Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated with
Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) obtained the highest general
mean 4.54 and Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) not treated with
Chromolaena odorata obtained the lowest general mean of 3.94.
3.3 In terms of scent, Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated with
Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) obtained the highest general
mean 4.52 while Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) not treated with
Chromolaena odorata obtained the lowest general mean of 3.97.
3.4 In terms of color, Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated with
Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) obtained the highest general
mean 4.57 while Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) not treated with
Chromolaena odorata obtained the lowest general mean of 4.12.
4. The significant difference on the perception of the respondents on the
quality of fruits when treated and not treated with Chromolaena odorata
(GONOY) in terms of texture, taste, scent and color.
4.1 It was found that there is significant difference on the perception of
the respondents on the quality of fruits when treated and not
treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) in terms of texture,
since P-value of .001 respectively exceeded .05 level of
significance, thus the null hypothesis is rejected.
4.2 In terms of taste, it was found out that there is significant
difference on the perception of the respondents on the quality of
fruits when treated and not treated with Chromolaena odorata
(GONOY) in terms of taste, as revealed by the significance of .000
that was less than .05 level of significance, therefore the null
hypothesis is rejected.
4.3 It was found that there is significant difference on the perception of
the respondents on the quality of fruits when treated and not
treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) in terms of scent,
since P-value of .000 respectively exceeded .05 level of
significance, thus the null hypothesis is rejected.
4.4 In terms of color, it was found out that there is significant
difference on the perception of the respondents on the quality of
fruits when treated and not treated with Chromolaena odorata
(GONOY) in terms of color, as revealed by the significance of .006
that was less than .05 level of significance, therefore the null
hypothesis is rejected.
Conclusion;
The growth performance of Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) when treated
with Chromolaena odorata in terms of height, quality of leaves, weight of fruits,
quality of fruits and weeds grown in the area was better.
Recommendations;
Based on the findings of the study, the following recommendations were
hereby suggested.
1. It is recommended that farmers should used Chromolaena odorata
(GONOY) herbicide in Sweet Corn planting.
2. Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) herbicide should be used for other
species of plant.
3. Further study should be conducted involving other uses of
Chromolaena odorata (GONOY).
4. Other researchers should conduct chemical analysis regarding
Chromolaena odorata (GONOY).
BIBLIOGRAPHY
A.Books
Manual of Weeds of Tobacco farms in the Philippines p.1
Technology and Home Economics by Ines Alcantara de Guzman and Cesar P. Suratos p. 260
Arcelia M. Alfonso-Alejar et al. Fundamental of PLANT PHYSIOLOGY p. 52In: Rizvi, S.J.H. and V. Rizvi. Allelopathy: Basic and Applied aspects. p.256-268
Philippine Constitution 1987
Carmelita M. Capco-Yang et.al Science and Technology BIOLOGY p.6-7
B. Dictionary
Edward N. Teall,A.M Webster New Handy Pocket Dictionary
Pharmaceutical Biology (formerly International Journal of Pharmacognosy), Volume 35, No. 2
F. Undergraduate Thesis
Undergraduate Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños”Phytochemical Screening of Gonoy (Chromolaena Odorata) Leaves, its Antimicrobial and Coagulative Properties”.
Undergraduate Thesis, URS-Morong “The influence of Lactuca sativa (Lettuce) on the yield performance of Chromolaena odorata (Gonoy) 20007”
Republic of the PhilippinesUNIVERSITY OF RIZAL SYSTEM
Morong, Rizal
COLLEGE OF SCIENCE
Certificate of Content Validation
This is to certify that the following experts have validated the questionnaire
for the thesis entitled “The Growth Performance of Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN)
treated and not treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY)” by the following
researchers namely JAYRALYN A. MISA, ROSE ANN S. COLEMAN,
JEDDALYN M. EMPERADOR and RONA MAE AIRA P. QUISQUINO.
Experts Signature Date
Prof. Domingo S. Pantaleon ____________ ____________Prof. Nenita L. Dela Cruz ____________ ____________Prof. Aida M. Odi ____________ ____________Prof. Ricardo R. Ariston ____________ ____________Dr. Emma E. Linga ____________ ____________Prof. Zenaida S. Angeles ____________ ____________
APPENDIX D
LETTER OF REQUEST TO THE RESPONDENTS
University of Rizal SystemMorong, Rizal
College of Science
DEAR RESPONDENTS,
We are presently conducting a study entitled “THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) TREATED AND NOT TREATED WITH Chromolaena odorata (GONOY)”. This study aimed to measure the quality of sweet corn.
In this connection, we are appealing for your cooperation to fill up this questionnaire-checklist. Rest assures that all information will be treated confidentially.
Thank you very much and Godbless!
Very truly yours,
JAYRALYN A. MISA
ROSE ANN S. COLEMAN
JEDDALYN M. EMPERADOR
RONA MAE AIRA P. QUISQUINO
Researchers
DR. EMMA E. LINGAAdviser
APPENDIX E
University of Rizal SystemMorong. Rizal
College of Science
QUESTIONNAIRE CHECKLIST
The Growth Performance of Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated and not treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY)
Name: _________________________________(Optional)
Please Check:¨ Faculty¨ Students
Directions: Rate the following statement to determine the quality of Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated and not treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY). The following scale and verbal interpretations will used for the description.
Verbal InterpretationsScale Treated with GONOY Not treated with GONOY
4.20 - 5.00 VMC- Very Much Comparable
VMO- Very Much Observed
3.40 - 4.19 MC- Much Comparable MO- Much Observed2.60 - 3.39 C -Comparable O- Observed1.80 - 2.59 LC- Less Comparable LO- Less Observed1.00 - 1.79 NC- Not Comparable NO- Not Observed
The harvested corn which is treated and not treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY). In terms of;
(Treated) (Not treated)
A. Texture 5(VMC)
4(MC)
3(C)
2(LC)
1(NC)
5(VMO)
4(MO)
3(O)
2(LO)
1(NO)
1. Kernel or grains of the corn is perfectly arranged.2. The corn is full of kernel without any space.3. Kernel or grains of the corn is tender and firm.4. Kernel or grains of corn is juicy.5. Kernel or grains of corn is smooth.
(Treated) (Not treated)
B. Taste of kernel or grains.
5(VMC)
4(MC)
3(C)
2(LC)
1(NC)
5(VMO)
4(MO)
3(O)
2(LO)
1(NO)
1. Kernel or grains of the corn is sweet.2. The taste lingers in your mouth.
3. The corn is delicious.4. Appeals to the sense of taste.5. The taste is great.
(Treated) (Not treated)C. Scent 5
(VMC)4
(MC)3
(C)2
(LC)1
(NC)5
(VMO)4
(MO)3
(O)2
(LO)1
(NO)1. The aroma is very sweet.2. The smell is very tempting.3. Smells good.4. It has a very pleasant and attractive scent.5. The scent is acceptable.
(Treated) (Not treated)
D. Color 5(VMC)
4(MC)
3(C)
2(LC)
1(NC)
5(VMO)
4(MO)
3(O)
2(LO)
1(NO)
1. Kernel or grains of the corn is yellow.2. The color is very tempting.3. The color of the corn treated with Gonoy is comparable with the corn treated without Gonoy.4. The color is very attractive and pleasant to the eyes.
5. The color is bright and shiny.
The Researchers
ActivitiesN
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Planning PeriodTitle DefensePreparing Chapters 1 and 2ColloquiumRevision of Chapters 1 and 2Preparation of materials needed in the ExperimentationExperimentation and ObservationComputation, Analysis, and Interpretation of DataPreparing Chapters 3 and 4Oral DefenseRevision of the Final Output of the StudyBook Binding
APPENDIX FGantt Chart Of Activities Of The Growth Performance of Zea rugosa (SWEET
CORN) treated and not treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY)