Students with Speech and Language Disorders Chapter 9 This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited.

Students with Speech and Language Disorders

Chapter 9

This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law:

• any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network;

• preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images;

• any rental, lease, or lending of the program. Copyright © 2006 Allyn & Bacon

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2006

Development of the Field Early work (early 19th c.) with individuals

who were deaf and those who stuttered First U.S. textbook published in 1802 Organizations for speech therapists

developed in the early 1900s Early speech therapy focused on

production of speech Current stress is on communication


IDEA Definition of Speech or Language Impairment

…a communication disorder such as stuttering, impaired articulation, language impairment, or a voice impairment that adversely affects a child’s educational performance.


Communication The exchange of information and knowledge

among participants Requires a message, a sender, a receiver, and

a channel Communication requires interaction between

the sender and the receiver


Language

The system of symbols that individuals use for communication

Expressive Language

Receptive Language


5 Components of Language

Phonology

Morphology

Syntax

Form

Semantics

Content

Pragmatics

Function


Language Disorders

Central Auditory Processing Disorder

Specific language impairment

Language delay

Aphasia


Dimensions of Speech Voice

Pitch, intensity, quality

Resonance Articulation Fluency

Speech disorders can occur in all of these areas


Prevalence

19% of all students receiving special education

Slightly more boys than girls Does not include students who receive

speech and language therapy as a related service


Causes of Speech and Language Disorders

Biological causes Physical causes Emotional causes Brain injury Heredity

Environmental causes Neglect or abuse Poverty,

malnutrition


Cognitive and Academic Characteristics

Problems occur across the entire range of cognitive abilities

Problems may affect a student’s learning High risk of reading difficulties for

students with speech and language delays


Social/Emotional Characteristics

Students may have low self-esteem

Students may experience social isolation

Students may develop behavior problems


Speech Assessments

Formal tests of articulation

Spontaneous language samples

Developmental history

Examination of mouth, teeth, palate


Language Assessments

Formal and informal assessments Samples of student’s written schoolwork Observations Precautions necessary when assessing

students whose first language is not English


Early Childhood Education

Most critical time for speech and language development

Early intervention is very important Services may occur through a pullout model

or in the context of a preschool or kindergarten setting


Elementary and Secondary Education

Most students spend the majority of the day in regular classrooms

Indirect services are provided to teachers Direct services are provided to students Inclusive practices should be standard Collaboration between teachers and

therapists is essential


Communication and Technology

Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) Unaided – sign language Aided – depends on equipment or

materials Communication board Computer with speech processor Word prediction software


Issues Which Affect the Field

Identifying and addressing speech and language disorders in a multicultural society

Identifying and working with students with Central Auditory Processing Disorder

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