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The following questions may be used for classroom oral discussion, independent practice, or essay tests. Each question shouldbe discussed fully, orally or in writing.
1. Explain the most commonly accepted theory of Indian origin in North America.
2. How did living conditions differ between eastern and western tribes during the early prehistoric era?
3. How did Thor Heyerdahl prove the possibilty of Egyptian origin of American Indians?
4. Describe the oldest archeological find in the area that would become the state of Oklahoma.
5. Discuss the advanced state of civilization reached by the Spiro people as evidenced by artifacts found in the Spiro Mound.
II. ACTIVITIES
1. Plan three dinner menus consisting of wild game which might have been available to Spiro people composed of theAmerican Vegetable Triad prepared only in ways which can be achieved on open fires or in clay ovens.
The following questions may be used for classroom discussion, reading checks, independent practice,or essay tests. Each question should be discussed fully whether in oral presentation or in writing.
1. Explain the purpose of the Coronado expedition and describe the results of the expedition.
2. What advantages did the Conquistadors have over the Indians and how did they use theiradvantage?
3. How did European and American Indian cultures learn from one another?
4. What are two theories of Scandinavian expeditions into the area that is now eastern Oklahoma?
5. How did the attitude of the Conquistadors, toward themselves and toward strangers, affect theoutcome of the Spanish expedition?
6. Briefly describe Padilla’s expedition.
7. How did the things left behind by the Spanish affect the lifestyles of the Indians?
8. How did the French hope to succeed in their explorations and trade?
9. How did the Spanish and French explorers differ in their purposes and actions as explorers?
10. How did the explorers and the Indians make cultural contributions to one another’s lifestyles?
The map below represents the possible route of Francisco Vasquez Coronado in his search for goldand other valuables during his explorations for Spain. Using library resources, including a world atlas,
• Identify the modern-day cities or towns on the map below.
1. Denver, Colorado
2. Little Rock, Arkansas
3. Dallas, Texas
4. Santa Fe, New Mexico
5. Dodge City, Kansas
6. Springfield, Missouri
CORONADO’S JOURNEY
• On a separate sheet of paper, write a report describing the terrain that Coronado and his men crossed in their long journey.
1. Explain how the United States came to own the Louisiana Territory.
For oral discussion or work outside class, tell about each expedition below: its purpose, any important facts, its success orits failure.
2. Zebulon Pike Expedition
3. James B. Wilkinson Expedition
4. Richard Sparks Expedition
5. George C. Sibley’s Expedition
6. Stephen H. Long’s Expedition
7. Hugh Glenn’s Expedition
II. ACTIVITY
You are traveling with Major Long’s second expedition. You are an assistant to Dr. Edwin James, a botanist. Using referencematerials in the library, make a list of 25 plants that you and Dr. James saw along the present boundary of western Oklahoma.
CLUES FOR THE “AMERICAN EXPLORERS” CROSSWORD PUZZLE
DOWN1. People who live in a region are its ______ .2. Americans worried that the French might close this
port.3. The Wilkinson party spent Christmas with these
people.5. This was a valued item on the prairie.6. An unusual, observable fact, such as the Great Raft.7. Fort Smith was located near the mouth of this river.8. This major selected the site for Fort Smith.9. These were kept by the Spaniards when they released
Pike and his men.12. This was the first fort in the West.14. The site selected for the first fort was Belle
__________ .15. American minister to France in 1801.18. This unit of government handled all transactions
with the Indians, at first.19. Wilkinson and Pike escorted them home from Wash-
ington.21. His expedition was instrumental in opening trade
with Western tribes.22. Moveable property: some looked upon Indians as
this.24. Becknell’s expedition crossed Oklahoma in this part
of the state.25. Colonel Glenn’s trading post was here.28. He discovered the Great Salt Plains.29. This was lost to England by Spain.32. George Sibley’s was the __________ expedition
sent into the Far West.34. The men who first occupied Fort Smith carried these.37. On the frontier, people traded here.40. Spanish word for “river,” as in the “Big River” that
separates Mexico from Texas.
ACROSS1. France acquired Louisiana from Spain by the Treaty
of San __________ .4. Western tribes exchanged these with the Explorers for
various items of interest.10 . Frontier forts created a __________ of defense.11. This tangled mass clogged the Red River for miles.13. The ruler of France who sold Louisiana to the United
States.16. The Pike-Wilkinson Expedition was to follow this
river to its source.17. The French-Indian War lasted _______ years.18. People believed the tribes who lived here were hostile.20. He led an expedition to the edge of Oklahoma when
he was turned back by Spanish soldiers.21. Some believed this to be an accurate description of the
Indian tribes in the North.22. To give up something, as the Indians did with their
land.23. Outer coverings of corn used for many things by
Indian tribes.26. Long’s second expedition arrived back at the fort
(before, after) Bell’s party.27. They began to move west as soon as Lewis and Clark
returned.30. The place where a river begins.31. On his second expedition, Major Long sent this man
to explore the Arkansas River.33. Another word for purpose. Major Long’s was to
complete Captain Sparks’ mission.35. Land which is owned by the government but is not
yet a state.36. Meriweather was William’s partner.38. Major Long missed it and explored the Canadian
instead.39. The Chief Minister of France under Napoleon
Bonaparte.41. Sparks and his men returned here without complet-
ing their mission.42. A poor speller who owned a slave.
1. Give four important facts about the Adams-Onis Treaty.
2. Discuss the establishment of forts in the area (give names) and explain the effects the forts had upon completing theexploration of Oklahoma.
3. Describe the ceremonies that took place when Louisiana Territory was transferred from France to the United States.
4. Name the son of an early family of traders and tell how he succeeded in establishing a trading post in Oklahoma.
5. Why was Glenn’s trade with Santa Fe important?
6. Describe the Osage Indians as a tribe (culture, reputation, general appearance, etc.)
7. Describe the typical Osage Warrior.
II. ACTIVITIES
1. Using library resources, gather information about the status of the following:
The Three Forks AreaFort GibsonOsage Tribe
2. On the map of Oklahoma below, draw in and locate the following: Fort Gibson, Illinois River, Verdigris River,Arkansas River, Grand River, Fort Towson.
The answers to the 20 questions below the puzzle are hidden in the letter-jumble. Some are horizontal, somevertical, and some diagonal; but all run from left to right or top to bottom. Circlethe words in the puzzle and then fill in the blanks below.
C L A I B O R N E X H I K L M U C T P
O S P R Y N R I E O S A G E I P H H A
N M A M E I C A N W I C H I T A O X B
G I W T H S P A I N O F T H U M U E A
R T N M E R I D I A N R B R A M T G N
E H G T A S D O F R J F L A G S E L D
S W I L H L I A U M V C B E A N A E O
S G I B S O N T O X S I R H A Y U N N
I N D I A N A F Y R T P N B I N U N E
L O U I S I A N A N E Q P G Z V S R D
(1) He became governor of Louisiana on December 20, 1803. ___________________________________
(2) They passed an act creating two territories in the west. ______________________________________
(3) The largest territory the United States ever owned: _________________________________________
(4) This territory became the state of Louisiana: ______________________________________________
(5) They waved side by side, symbolizing brotherhood: ________________________________________
(6) The District of Louisiana was attached to this territory: ______________________________________
(7) William Henry Harrison became the _______________ President of the United States.
(8) The Adams- ________________ Treaty set the boundaries of the Louisiana Purchase.
(9) _______________ ceded Florida to the United States.
(10) Part of that boundary, the 100th _______________ became an Oklahoma boundary.
(11) He was one of the founders of St. Louis: _________________________________________________
(12) He owned a salt works business in Indian country: _________________________________________
(13) He was a writer who was entertained at Three Forks: ________________________________________
(14) He opened trade with Santa Fe: _______________________________________________________
(15) One of the tribes indigenous to Oklahoma: _______________________________________________
(16) The Quapaws were relatives of this northern warlike tribe: ___________________________________
(17) This powerful nation was also related to the same tribe: ______________________________________
(18) This was the first fort established in the west (1817): _______________________________________
(19) This fort was built between the Arkansas and Grand Rivers: __________________________________
(20) Fort Smith was ________________________ twice before the Civil War.
IV. COMPLETION. Write the word or words in the blanks that would best complete the statement.
1. The most important contribution by and influence of the Spaniards to the Indians was _____________.
2. DeSoto’s expedition originated in _______________________________.
3. The French expeditions were primarily interested in ___________________and ___________________.
4. The Indians could not advance in technology because they had no knowledge of the ________________.
5. (TRUE or FALSE): It is __________that the Spaniards found that each tribe had its own government.
V . PROBLEM SOLVING. In working this activity, use problem solving skills to make your decisions: identifythe problem, gather information, analyze the problem, identify alternative solutions, select a solution, and reachtentative decisions.
You are a conquistador who will accompany Coronado on his exploration of the area that is now the southwesternUnited States. It is your responsibility to chart the way and to keep the expedition from getting lost. You will marchthrough a rough, arid country for much of your journey and cannot take all of your possessions with you. You mustdecide what you will take. After you have listed your possessions, you must rank them to determine what is mostimportant to take. Below is the list you have compiled; write a number “1” beside the article you think is mostimportant. Continue t rank the items until you have written the number “20” in front of the item of least importance.Be prepared to defend your choices.
_____compass _____trinkets for trade _____animal traps_____guns _____lumber _____horse_____star chart _____gold and silver _____blanket_____water _____cooking utensils _____flag_____spices _____food _____rope_____canteen _____sexton _____ammunition_____knife _____pieces of flint
VI. On the following map of Oklahoma, trace the routes of the European explorers who crossed this area.
II. MATCHING. Match the correct date for each event described below.
______1. The Glenn-Fowler Expedition opened trade with the Western Tribes. A. 1682 ________
______2. Louisiana came under Spanish rule. B. 1763 ________
______3. George Sibley discovered the Great Salt Plains. C. 1800 ________
______4. Louisiana was purchased by the United States. D. 1803 ________
_____ 5. The Treaty of San Ildefonso gave Louisiana to France. E. 1806 ________
______6. LaSalle claimed Oklahoma for France. F. 1811________
______7. Wilkinson and Pike Expedition set out to explore Louisiana, G. 1817________including Oklahoma.
______8. Major Stephen H. Long established Fort Smith. H. 1821________
III. MAP ACTIVITY. On the blank map of Oklahoma below, use colored pencils to color-code your map work.Trace the expeditions of the American explorers in the state.
IV. MATCHING. Match the date to the event; dates may be used more than once.
A. 1817 1. The Adams-Onis Treaty was signed. 1. ________B. 1819 2. Territory of New Orleans was admitted to the Union as a state. 2. ________C. 1824 3. A trading post was established near Salina. 3. ________D. 1820 4. Arkansas Territory created. 4. ________E. 1812 5. Missouri Territory created. 5. ________
6. Ft. Gibson was built. 6. ________7. Ft. Towson was built. 7. ________8. Bean’s Salt Works established. 8. ________
V . MATCHING. Match the name to the description.
A. Washington Irving 1. First settlers in Oklahoma 1. ____B. William Henry Harrison 2. Member of a famous trading family 2. ____C. William Clark 3. Man from Indiana Territory who was governor of Upper Louisiana 3. ____D. Western Cherokees 4. A co-founder of St. Louis 4. ____E. Auguste Chouteau 5. A famous literary visitor to the “log palace” 5. ____F. traders 6. People who removed themselves from the East 6. ____G. Pierre Laclede Liguest 7. A famous explorer who became governor of Missouri Territory 7. ____
VI. MAP. On the map of the United States below, using colored pencils and color-coding, outline the LouisianaPurchase and the area effected by the Adams-Onis boundary.