Student: Chi-Fong Yang ( 楊啟鋒 ) Adviser: Ho-Ting Wu ( 吳和庭 ) Institute of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taipei University of Technology.

Student: Chi-Fong Yang ( 楊啟鋒 )

Adviser: Ho-Ting Wu ( 吳和庭 )Institute of Computer Science and Information EngineeringNational Taipei University of Technology

移動式下 WiMAX 模擬平台建制與效能評估之研究 The Design of Mobility WiMAX Simulation Platform and Its Performance Evaluation

OutlineOutline

BackgroundBackground Implement for QoS Simulation Platform

Call Admission Control Mechanism Classifier Mechanism Bandwidth Allocation Mechanism Packet Scheduling Mechanism

Performance Evaluation on V2oIP Conclusion and Future Works

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Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave AccessWorldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access

WiMAX? Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access IEEE 802.16 specifies the air interface of fixed and mobile

BWA systems Wireless broadband network connection technique Replace last mile Cost saving and easy to deploy Support high transmission rate

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Convergence Sublayer Classification. Header suppression

Common Part Sublayer Network entry and initialization Service flow management QoS mechanisms Mobility management

Security Sublayer Authentication Secure key exchange Encryption

IEEE 802.16 Protocol LayeringIEEE 802.16 Protocol Layering

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Media Acces ControlMedia Acces Control

Downlink Transmission Preamble

Synchronization and equalization DL-MAP/UL-MAP

Defines downlink/uplink channel access Defines downlink/uplink data burst profiles

Uplink Transmission Contention opportunities for SS/MS initial ranging Contention opportunities for bandwidth requests Contention-free periods assigned by BS to individual

SS/MS

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Connection and Service FlowConnection and Service Flow

Connection CID is a 16-bits value that identifies a connection A unidirectional mapping between BS and SS/MS peers Purpose of transporting a service flow traffic A CID maps to a service flow identifier(SFID)

Service Flow SFID is a 32-bits value that identifies a service flow A unidirectional flow of MAC service data units(SDUs) on

a connection Particular QoS provided SS-initialed or BS-initialed

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Mobility ManagementMobility Management

Power management Serving BS air interface resources Minimize MS power usage and decrease usage Sleep mode

Handover Start with either MOB_MSHO-REQ or MOB_BSHO-

REQ Hard Handover(break-before-make handover) Soft Handover(make-before-break handover) Macro Diversity Handover(MDHO)

MS transmit to and receive from multiple BSs at the same time

Fast BS Switching(FBSS) MS to receive/transmit data from/to the Anchor BS112/04/20 7

OutlineOutline

Background Implement for QoS Simulation PlatformImplement for QoS Simulation Platform



112/04/20 8

Design of QoS Simulation PlatformDesign of QoS Simulation Platform

BSSS/ MS

Classifier

Priority Queue

UGS Queue

ertPS Queue

rtPS Queue

nrtPS Queue

BE Queue

CAC

PacketScheduling

BWA

SF Handle

UGS QueueUGS Queue

ertPS QueueertPS Queue

rtPS QueuertPS Queue

nrtPS QueuenrtPS Queue

BE QueueBE Queue

Priority QueuePriority Queue

Classifier

BWRA

PacketScheduling

SF Handle&

BW Request

DSADSCDSD

BW_Req

DL-MAP/UL-MAP

DL Data Transmission

SERVICE-FLOW requestBW-increment request

SERVICE-FLOW request

Application

IPTV HTTP FTPVoIP

Application

IPTV HTTP FTPVoIP

UL Data Transmission

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OutlineOutline

Background Implement for QoS Simulation Platform

Call Admission Control Mechanism Call Admission Control Mechanism Classifier Mechanism Bandwidth Allocation Mechanism Packet Scheduling Mechanism


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BS Initiated DSA-REQ FlowchartBS Initiated DSA-REQ Flowchart

DL SF procedure START

CAC procedure

grant > 0

BS set DownlinkAdmittedQoSParamSet

BSDSA-REQ send

SS/MSDSA-REQ recv.

SS/MSDSA-RSP send

BSDSA-RSP recv.

BS set DownlinkActiveQoSParamSet

BSDSA-ACK send

DL SF procedure END

BS clear DownlinkAdmittedQoSParamSet

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SS Initiated DSA-REQ FlowchartSS Initiated DSA-REQ Flowchart

UL SF procedure START

SS/MSDSA-REQ send

BSDSA-REQ recv.

CAC procedure

grant > 0

BS set UplinkAdmittedQoSParamSet

BSDSA-RSP send

SS/MSDSA-RSP recv.

SS/MSDSA-ACK send

BS set UplinkActiveQoSParamSet

SS/MSDSA-ACK recv.

UL SF procedure END

BS clear UplinkActiveQoSParamSet

yes

yes

yes yes

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Mandatory CAC AlgorithmMandatory CAC Algorithm

Service Type CAC CriterionUGS Maximum Sustained Traffic Rate ertPS Maximum Sustained Traffic RatertPS Average Rate

nrtPS Minimum Reserve Traffic Rate BE Average Rate/2

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CAC FlowchartCAC Flowchart

CAC procedureSTART

is UGS Call

is ertPS Call

is rtPS Call

is nrtPS Call

reservation = Rmax_sus

reservation = Ravg

reservation = Rmin_res

reservation= (Ravg)/2

reservation <sys capacity

is BE Call

CAC procedureEND

Call Accepted Call Reject

Rmax_sus= Maximum Sustained Traffic Rate Rmin_res= Minimum Reserve Traffic RateRavg= Average Rate = (Rmax_sus + Rmin_res)/2

yes

yes

yes

yes

yes

yes

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OutlineOutline


Call Admission Control Mechanism Classifier MechanismClassifier Mechanism Bandwidth Allocation Mechanism Packet Scheduling Mechanism


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Scheduling ServicesScheduling Services

Unsolicited Grant Service(UGS) Support real-time service flows Fixed-size data packets on a periodic interval T1/E1 and VoIP without silence suppression

Extended rtPS(ertPS) Scheduling mechanism which builds on the efficiency of both UGS and rtPS VoIP with silence suppression

Real-time Polling Service(rtPS) Support real-time service flows Variable-sized data packets on a periodic interval MPEG video

Non-real-time Polling Service(nrtPS) Support non-real-time service flows FTP

Best Effort(BE) provide efficient service Web, e-mail

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Classifier FlowchartClassifier Flowchart

Classifier procedureSTART

CID not found

pkt is UGS

pkt is ertPS

pkt is rtPS

pkt is nrtPS

pkt dropping

Classifier procedureEND

get UGS connection by CID

get ertPS connectionby CID

get rtPS connectionby CID

get nrtPS connectionby CID

get BE connectionby CID

…

CID 0x4001CID 0x4001


CID 0x4fffCID 0x4fff

UGS QueueUGS Queue

…




ertPS QueueertPS Queue

…




rtPS QueuertPS Queue

…




nrtPS QueuenrtPS Queue

…




BE QueueBE Queue

yesyes

yes

yes

yes

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OutlineOutline


Call Admission Control Mechanism Classifier Mechanism Bandwidth Allocation MechanismBandwidth Allocation Mechanism Packet Scheduling Mechanism


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Mandatory BWA AlgorithmMandatory BWA Algorithm

Symbol DefinitionRcon_req requirement of per connection Rcon_resv rate of reserved of per connectionRcon_alloc rate of allocated of per connection

Nper_con_symb_alloc number of symbol allocated for per connection

Sper_con_alloc number of symbol allocated for per connection duration a frame time

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BWA FlowchartBWA Flowchart

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BWRA FlowchartBWRA Flowchart

BWRA procedureSTART

Rcurrent_UGS_queue_size

> Rcurrent_UGS_resv

run UGS Bandwidth re-Allocation procedureget more resource reserved from BE/nrtPS/rtPS/ertPS service

Rcurrent_ertPS_queue_size

> Rcurrent_ertPS_resv

run ertPS Bandwidth re-Allocation procedureget more resource reserved from BE/nrtPS/rtPS service

Rcurrent_rtPS_queue_size

> Rcurrent_rtPS_resv

run rtPS Bandwidth re-Allocation procedureget more resource reserved from BE/nrtPS service

Rcurrent_nrtPS_queue_size

> Rcurrent_nrtPS_resv

run rtPS Bandwidth re-Allocation procedureget more resource reserved from BE service

BWRA procedureSTART112/04/20 21

OutlineOutline


Call Admission Control Mechanism Classifier Mechanism Bandwidth Allocation Mechanism Packet Scheduling MechanismPacket Scheduling Mechanism


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Mandatory Packet Scheduling Mandatory Packet Scheduling MechanismMechanism

Strict Priority UGS>ertPS>rtPS>nrtPS>BE

Well-known packet scheduling algorithm FIFO(First Input First Output) EDF(Earlies Deadline First) WFQ(Weighted Fair Queue) RR(Round Robin)

Service Type Queuing Policy

UGS FIFO(First Input First Output)

ertPS FIFO(First Input First Output)

rtPS EDF(Earlies Deadline First)

nrtPS WFQ(Weighted Fair Queue)

BE RR(Round Robin)112/04/20 23

OutlineOutline



Performance Evaluation on VPerformance Evaluation on V22oIPoIP Conclusion and Future Works

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Performance Evaluation on VPerformance Evaluation on V22oIPoIP

VoIP Session Initiation Protocol Performance evaluation in fixed environment Performance evaluation in mobility environment

SIP Performance Adjustment Adaptive codec adjustment scheme

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SIP Call Setup FlowchartSIP Call Setup Flowchart

Session SIP Session

Signaling Connection RTP Connection

Connection Signaling/RTP Connection Service flow

Agent 1 Agent 2Proxy

1. INVITE2. INVITE

3. 180 Ringing

4. 180 Ringing5. 200 OK

6. 200 OK

RTP Session

7. ACK

8. ACK

9. BYE

10. BYE

Connection

SIP Call

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System Topology of Simulation System Topology of Simulation ExperimentExperiment

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Modulation Rate DetectionModulation Rate Detection

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Adaptive Codec Adjustment for Voice Adaptive Codec Adjustment for Voice Transmission Transmission

Dynamic voice codec adjustment Dependent on SNR and modulation rate Three codecs supported : G.711, G.726, G.729

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Adaptive Codec Adjustment for Video Adaptive Codec Adjustment for Video Transmission Transmission

Dynamic video codec adjustment Dependent on SNR and modulation rate H.264 encode supported

Usage Resolution Sample data rate

Mobility Resolution 176x144 50-60 Kbps

Internet/Standard Resolution

640x480 1-2 Mbps

Higher Resolution 1280x720 5-6 Mbps

Highest Resolution 1920x1080 7-8 Mbps

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Simulation EnvironmentSimulation Environment

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Parameters ValueNumber of BS 3Number of SS/MS 6 - 105Modulation Supported BPSK 1/2 、 QPSK

1/2 、 QPSK 3/4 、16QAM 1/2 、 16QAM 3/4 、 64QAM 2/3 、 16QAM 3/4 、

Application Usage SIPTraffic Supported UGS/ertPS/rtPS/BEMobility Random Way PointScope 4000 x 4000 mNumber of Symbol each frame

270

Frame Duration 10m SecSimulation Time 1800 second

Traffic ParametersTraffic Parameters

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Parameters UGS value ertPS value rtPS value BE value SIP Call Arrival 2 0 Sec 20 Sec 50 Sec x

Exponential Exponential Exponential

SIP Call Duration 180 Sec 180 Sec 300 Sec x Exponential Exponential Exponential

Packet Interval 20m Sec 20m Sec 50m Sec 100m Sec CBR Silence

Suppression Exponential Exponential

Packet Size 20, 80, 160 Bytes

20, 80, 160 Bytes

375, 12500 Bytes 700 Bytes

Fragments 80 Bytes 80 Bytes 250 Bytes 70 Bytes Packet Latency 20m Sec 20m Sec 50m Sec 100m Sec Average Rate 8, 32, 64 kbps 8, 32, 64 kbps 50k, 1.95Mbps 42 kbps Maximum Sustained Traffic Rate

8, 32, 64 kbps s 8, 32, 64 kbps 60k, 2Mbps 56 kbps

Minimum Traffic Rate

8, 32, 64 kbps 8, 32, 64 kbps 40k, 1.9Mbps 28 kbps

Grant 8, 32, 64 kbps 8, 32, 64 kbps 50k, 1.95Mbps 21 kbps Scheduling FIFO FIFO EDF RR

SIP Call Blocking Probability and Packet SIP Call Blocking Probability and Packet DroppinDropping g in Fixed WiMAX Environmentin Fixed WiMAX Environment

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SIP Call Blocking Probability and Packet SIP Call Blocking Probability and Packet DroppinDropping g in Mobile WiMAX Environmentin Mobile WiMAX Environment

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Comparison for New SIP Call Blocking Probability

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Comparison for HO SIP Call Blocking Probability

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Comparison for Packet Dropping Comparison for Packet Dropping ProbabilityProbability

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Conclusion and Future WorkConclusion and Future Work

Provide simulation platform for WiMAX Fixed Simulation Environment Mobility Simulation Environment

Provide fundamental QoS mechanism Call Admission Control Classifier Bandwidth Allocation Packet scheduling

Design for higher performance QoS mechanism Power saving Reliable HO procedure OFDM symbols allocation

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Q&AQ&A

WiMAX Network Topology

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IEEE 802.16 Family IEEE 802.16 Family

IEEE 802.16d (July 2004) Integrate both IEEE 802.16 and 802.16a MAC supported : TDD/FDD, QoS, ARQ(Automatic Repeat Request) Three PHYs specified : Single Carrier, OFDM, OFDMA

IEEE 802.16e(December 2005) Update and expand IEEE 802.16 – 2004 to allow for mobile subscriber

stations IEEE 802.16f(Active Amendment)

Management Information Database IEEE 802.16g(Active Amendment)

Management Plane Procedures and Services Define WiMAX system management flow WiMAX equipment compatibility

IEEE 802.16j(Active Amendment) Multi-hop relay specification

IEEE 802.16h(Amendment under development) Improved coexistence mechanisms for license-exempt operation

IEEE 802.16m(Amendment at pre-draft stage) Higher data rate(100 Mbps for mobile application, 1 Gbps for fixed

application)112/04/20 41

OFDM Frame Structure with TDDOFDM Frame Structure with TDD

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Network Entry and InitializationNetwork Entry and Initialization

Phases Scan for DL channel and establish synchronization with the

BS Obtain transmit parameters(UCD/DCD) Initial ranging Basic capability negotiation Authorization and key exchange Registration Establish IP connectivity Establish time of day Transfer operational parameters Connection setup

SS BS

1. scan for downlink channel

2. DCD/UCD & DL-MAP/UL-MAP

3. Ranging(RNG-REQ/RNG-RSP)

4. Basic Capability Negotiate (SBC-REQ/SBC-RSP)

5. Authorization & key Exchange (PKM-REQ/PKM-RSP)

6. Registration (REG-REQ/REGQ-RSP)

7. Establish IP Connectivity(DHCP)

8. Establish Time of Date

9 Configuration(Transfer Operational Parameters)

10. Connection Setup

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Bandwidth Request/Grand MechanismBandwidth Request/Grand Mechanism

Contention-based bandwidth requests Broadcast polling Multicast group polling

Contention-free bandwidth requests Unicast polling

Piggyback The bandwidth request is piggybacked onto a

MAC PDU on an existing connection Bandwidth grant

Grant Per Subscriber Station(GPSS) Grant Per Connection(GPC)

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Handover ProcedureHandover Procedure

Cell reselection Scanning procedure Association procedure

Handover decision and initiation MS to handover from a serving BS to a target BS Proceed with a notification through either MOB_MSHO-REQ or

MOB_BSHO-REQ BSs specified in MOB_BSHO-RSP is recommended

Synchronization Synchronize to downlink transmissions of Target BS Obtain downlink and uplink transmission parameters

Ranging Collection of processes by witch SS and BS maintain the quality

of RF commutation link112/04/20 45

HO FlowchartHO Flowchart

MOB_MSHO_REQMOB_BSHO_RSP

Serving BSMobile Station Target BS

MOB_NBR_ADV

MOB_SCN-REQMOB_SCN-RSP

MOB_HO_IND

L2 Discounted

L2 Connected

Network Reentry

MOB_BSHO_REQ

Serving BSMobile Station Target BS

MOB_NBR_ADV

MOB_SCN-REQMOB_SCN-RSP

MOB_HO_IND

L2 Discounted

L2 Connected

Network Reentry

SS HO initialed BS HO initialed

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Service Flow MaintenanceService Flow Maintenance

Dynamic Service Addition DSA-REQ/DSA-RSP/DSA-ACK

Dynamic Service Change DSC-REQ/DSC-RSP

Dynamic Service Deletion DSD-REQ/DSD-RSP

SS

DSA-REQ

DSX-RVD

DSA-RSPDSA-ACK

BS SS

DSC-REQ

DSX-RVD

DSA-RSPDSA-ACK

BS SS

DSD-REQ

DSX-RVD

DSA-RSPDSA-ACK

BS

DSA Flow DSC Flow DSD Flow112/04/20 47

CID AssignedCID Assigned

m = 0x2000

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Mandatory Channel Coding per Mandatory Channel Coding per ModulationModulation

16-Subchannel

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Packet Scheduling AlgorithmPacket Scheduling Algorithm

FIFO Find out the arrival time of packet Bubble sorting

EDF Deadline = arrival time + maximum delay Bubble sorting

RR Polling all active connection

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Packet Scheduling AlgorithmPacket Scheduling Algorithm WFQ

Find out the finish time for each packet Base on weighting of per connection

Symbol Definition

Bcon(i) grant of connection iTarrival(k,i) time of arrival packet i in connection k

Tfinishl(k, i-1) time of finish packet i-1 in connection kTfinishl(k, i) time of finish packet i in connection k

Lpacket(k,i) length packet i in connection k

Tstart(k, i) time of star tpacket i in connection k

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SIPSIP

Session Initiation Protocol Application layer control protocol for creating, modifying

and terminating sessions Similar to that of HTTP or SMTP Text-encoded protocol RFC 3261 from the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)

Main functions Invite users to sessions Modification of sessions Termination of sessions

SIP messages– SIP message = Request | Response– The request specifies the type of request– The response indicates the success or failure of a given

request 112/04/20 52

SIP Call ArrivalSIP Call Arrival

112/04/20 53

Receiver SNR AssumptionsReceiver SNR Assumptions

112/04/20 54

ReferenceReference

IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks Part 16:Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems， IEEE Std 802.16-2004

IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks Part 16:Air Interface for Fixed and Mobile Broadband Wireless Access Systems ， IEEE Std 802.16e-2005

Kevin Fall, Kannan Varadhan, “The ns Manual”, A Collaboration between researchers at UC Berkeley, LBL, USC/ISI, and Xerox PARC, October 4, 2006

Frank Chee-Da Tsai, Jenhui Cheny, Chiang-Wei Chang, Wei-Jen Lien, Chih-Hsin Hung, and Jui-Hsiang Sum, “The Design and Implementation of WiMAX Module for ns-2 Simulator”, Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chang Gung University

112/04/20 55

ReferenceReference

Hsin-Hsien Liu, “Research of the QoS Provisioning System in IEEE 802.16”, Computer Science and Information Engineering, Nation Tapei University of Technology, July 2007

Kitti Wongthavarawat and Aura Ganz, “Packet Scheduling for QoS Support in IEEE 802.16 Broadband Wireless Access System Broadband Wireless Access System”, International Journal Of Communication Systems, 2003

Jared Stein, “Survey of IEEE 802.21 Media Independent Handover Service”, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, August 2007.

Filippo Cacace, Luca Vollero, “Managing Mobility and Adaptation in Upcoming 802.21-enabled Devices”, In Proceedings of The Fourth ACM International Workshop on Wireless Mobile Applications and Services on WLANHotspots, Los Angeles, USA, 2006

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Student: Chi-Fong Yang ( 楊啟鋒 ) Adviser: Ho-Ting Wu ( 吳和庭 ) Institute of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taipei University of Technology.

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