2.05 Remember the structures of the respiratory system 1 Structures of the Upper Respiratory System Nose Nasal cavity – space behind the nose Vestibular region Olfactory region Respiratory region Nasal septum – cartilage that divides the nose into right and left sides Turbinates – scroll-like bones in the respiratory region Cilia – nose hairs
Nose Nasal cavity – space behind the nose Vestibular region Olfactory region Respiratory region Nasal septum – cartilage that divides the nose into right and left sides Turbinates – scroll-like bones in the respiratory region Cilia – nose hairs. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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2.05 Remember the structures of the respiratory system 1
Structures of the Upper Respiratory System
Nose Nasal cavity – space behind the nose
Vestibular region Olfactory region Respiratory region
Nasal septum – cartilage that divides the nose into right and left sides
Turbinates – scroll-like bones in the respiratory region
Cilia – nose hairs
2.05 Remember the structures of the respiratory system 2
Structures of the Upper Respiratory System
Sinuses - Cavities in the skull. Ducts connect sinuses to the nasal cavity
Lined with mucous membrane to warm and moisten the air
Provide resonance to the voice
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Structures of the Upper Respiratory System Pharynx
Throat Nasopharynx Oropharynx Laryngopharynx
About 5” long
2.05 Remember the structures of the respiratory system 4
Structures of the Upper Respiratory System
Epiglottis
A flap or lid that closes over the opening to the larynx when food is swallowed
2.05 Remember the structures of the respiratory system 5
Structures of the Upper Respiratory System
Larynx Voice Box
Triangular chamber below pharynx
Within the larynx are vocal cords, the glottis
Also called the Adam’s Apple
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Structures of the Lower Respiratory System
Trachea Windpipe
Approximately 4 ½” long The walls are composed of
alternate bands of membrane and C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage.
Lined with ciliated mucous membrane
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Structures of the Lower Respiratory System At the lower end of trachea,
the bronchus divide into right and left branches.
As they enter the lungs, the bronchus subdivide into bronchial tubes and into bronchioles.
At the end of the bronchioles are alveolar ducts and clusters of alveoli.
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Structures of the Lower Respiratory System
Bronchi Ciliated mucous membrane
and hyaline cartilage
Bronchial tubes Cartilaginous plates
Bronchioles Thinner walls of smooth
muscle Lined with ciliated
epithelium
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Structures of the Lower Respiratory System
Alveoli Composed of a single layer
of epithelial tissue
Contain surfactant …fatty substance that keeps the alveoli from collapsing
Each alveolus is surrounded by capillaries
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Structures of the Lower Respiratory System The lungs are located in the thoracic cavity
Apex Base
Fit snugly over diaphragm. Lung tissue is porous and spongy.
Right lung Larger and shorter than the left lung Displaced by the liver 3 lobes
Left lung Smaller than the right side Displaced by the heart 2 lobes
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Structures of the Lower Respiratory System
Pleura
Thin, moist slippery membrane that covers lungs…serous membrane
Double-walled sac
Space is pleural cavity – filled with pleural fluid
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Structures of the Lower Respiratory System
Mediastinum A septum or cavity between
two principal portions of an organ. Contains the heart and its
large vessels, trachea, esophagus, thymus, lymph nodes, and connective tissue
Also called the interpleural space
Located between the lungs Contains the thoracic viscera
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Structures of the Lower Respiratory System
Diaphragm from the muscular system!
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory
system 14
Breathing External respiration- gas
exchange in the lungs occurs between the blood and air in the atmosphere
Internal respiration - gas exchange at the cellular level where oxygen goes from the blood stream to the cells
Inhalation
Exhalation
Inspiration
The part of respiration that involves air being taken into the lungs.
The intercostal muscle lifts ribs outward, sternum rises and the diaphragm contracts and moves downward - this increases the volume of the lungs and air rushes in.
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Expiration
Opposite action takes place
Exhalation is a passive process
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