Structures Gas Exchange Diseases Respiratory System.

Respiratory System

The Respiratory System

The Respiratory System• You breath in and out 15 times

per minute• With physical activity breathing

increases. Why??• On average the lungs move

10 000 L of air in and out of the lungs each day

• Responsible for providing O2 to the cells and removing CO2 from the body

• Works in conjunction with the circulatory system

The Respiratory System

Made up of the:

• Nose (Nasal Cavity)• Mouth• Pharynx (Throat)• Larynx• Trachea• Bronchi• Lung

– Bronchioles– Alveoli

The Adams Apple!!

• Larynx: The larynx is the portion of the respiratory tract containing the vocal cords which produce vocal sound.

• It is located between the pharynx and the trachea.

• The Adams apple is cartilage surrounding the larynx to protect it

The Adams Apple

• You can find your larynx by touching the front of your throat and humming

• When the larynx grows larger during puberty, it sticks out at the front of the throat. This is what's called an Adam's apple.

• During puberty, but a girl's larynx doesn't grow as much as a boy's. That’s why boys generally have a more prominent Adams Apple.

The Respiratory SystemAir Enters through the

nose and mouthPasses through the

pharynx (throat)Down the tracheaSplits evenly into the 2

bronchiSplits into bronchiolesEnters the Alveoli

The Trachea• The trachea (windpipe) is supported

by rings of cartilage (connective tissue)– Gives it a rigid feel (try it!)– Keeps it open

• Splits into two bronchi

Gas Exchange

• Main purpose of the respiratory system

• Each bronchi branches until it ends in tiny air sacs called alveolus where gas exchange occurs

• At the lungs, O2 enters the blood stream and CO2 leaves

• Each alveolus have very thin walls and are surrounded by capillaries

• In the alveoli O2 enters the blood stream and CO2 leaves

Breathing

• The process of moving air into (inhalation) and out of the lungs (exhalation)

• Involves muscles which move the rib cage and a large sheet of muscle called the diaphragm

• Controlled by the amount of CO2 in the blood

Other Animals• Many animals have similar respiratory systems whose

goal is to make O2 available and rid the body of CO2

• Fish use gills for gas exchange• The capillaries inside the gills remove the O2 from the

water– That is why some fish need to be continually

swimming to survive

Fish Gas Exchange

Diseases of the Respiratory System

• Tuberculosis (TB)– Infectious disease (easily passed between people)– Causes by bacteria entering your lungs – Symptoms include: fever, cough, weight loss,

tiredness and chest pain– Can be fatal if not treated– Can be diagnosed with an x-ray

Asthma

• Severe allergic reaction characterized by the constriction of bronchioles

• Less air sent to alveoli

Asthma Attack

Emphysema

• Condition in which the alveoli walls deteriorate, causing the lungs to lose their gas exchange ability

• Can be caused by smoking

Pneumonia• Condition in which the alveoli become filled

with fluid, preventing the exchange of gases

Other Diseases of the Respiratory System

 BronchitisInflammation of the lining of the bronchioles (branch of bronchi)

Lung cancerIrregular & uncontrolled growth of tumors in the lung tissue

Respiratory System Structural Review

Connecting the Respiratory System, the Circulatory System and

the rest of the body

Oxygen Transport from Lungs to Cells