STRUCTURES Year 1 – Term 2 Week 2 Danae Polyviou Rob Knight
STRUCTURESYear 1 – Term 2
Week 2
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Shear Diagram
Moment Diagram
Deflection
Simply Supported beam
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Beams
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Shear Diagram
Moment Diagram
Deflection
Cantilever
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Structural system and deflected shape
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Trusses
Simple trusses with loads and
reactions showing type of force in
members
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Trusses
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Column
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Column
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Column Optimisation
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Frames
Frames can be either:
- Braced with tension
or compression
members
- Portalised with stiff
corner and/or base
connections
- Infilled with stiff panel
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Frames
Simple bracing systems
- Frames need to be
stable against lateral
(horizontal) forces in
both directions
- A minimum of 3 sides
are required to be
braced to achieve
overall stability
- The flat/horizontal
planes also need to
be braced to provide
a diaphragm to
distribute the lateral
forces to the stability
system
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Frames
Some examples of
bracing alternatives for
multi-bay systems
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Structural design – Load path diagrams
1. Loads : which loads are acting on our structure and in which form/ direction?
2. Which goals do we have to fulfill? – Strength + Stability: to avoid collapse
- Stiffness: to avoid excessive deflections
3. Sketch a load path or alternative load paths on our structure in order to identify the best structural
system or systems:
a) Begin by drawing the load vectors
b) “Walk” along the structure with your pen following the path of the load from their point of
application towards the ground / supports
c) Sketch structural elements/ combined elements for transferring the loads
d) Make sure we have a structural system for transferring the loads from their point of application
to the ground
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Action
Re-Action Re-Action
Load Path
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Load Path
Examples of Load Path
diagrams for simple
systems.
Minimum of 3 members
to be linked together to
achieve stability for a
pinned stability system
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Load Path
Tension Tension
Compression
CompressionCompression
Federal Reserve Bank, Minneapolis
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Load Path
Tension
CompressionCompression
Olympic Velodrome, London
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Load Path
Olympic Velodrome, London
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Load Path
Compression
TensionTension
Tension
Exchange House, London
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Load Path
Wind loadDead load
Dead load
Arching effect
Compression
Eiffel Tower
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Load Path
Serpentine Pavilion 2009,SANAA
Wind load
Dead load/ Wind load
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