Structure of the Atom Glencoe: Chapter 19 Section 1 “part 1” Pages 578-580
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Structure of the Atom
Glencoe: Chapter 19 Section 1 “part 1”
Pages 578-580
What is in Matter?
Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space
Matter is made up of a single element or a combination of elements
Element – matter made up of a single type of atom
all found on periodic table
What is in an atom?
Atom – the smallest particle of an element that still retains the properties of the element
Atoms can be broken down into smaller particles
Atoms are composed of 3 subatomic (smaller than an atom) particles
1. Proton – positively charged (+) particle found in the nucleus
2. Neutron – neutrally charged particle found in the nucleus
3. Electron – negatively charged (-) particle found outside the nucleus
What is in an atom?Nucleus – small center region of an atom containing
the protons and neutrons, thus is positively chargedAtoms of each element contain a unique number of
protons (+)
Carbon – 6 p+, Hydrogen – 1 p+Atoms have no overall charge due to each having an
equal number of protons and electrons
The equal number of opposite charges
cancel / balance out to equal zero charge
Parts of an atom.
What are the smallest particles?
It is thought that electrons are not made of other smaller particles.
Protons and neutrons are made of smaller particles called quarks.
Quarks – particles of matter that make up protons and neutrons
What are the smallest particles?
Scientists have found evidence of 6 different types of quarks.
It is theorized that:
3 distinct quarks combine to make a proton
3 other distinct quarks combine to make a
neutronQuarks are held together by the “strong
nuclear force”
What are the smallest particles?
Scientists continue to study the structures of subatomic particles to see if there may be smaller particles, and how quarks, protons, neutrons, and electrons behave
Scientists use particle accelerators to make particles move very fast and collide with each other
Scientists then collect and study the data from the collisions
What are the smallest particles?
Example: Tevatron machine at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in Batavia, IL
figure 2, page 580
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