Structure of B.Sc Biotechnology :2018-19 Revised Degree... · Structure of B.Sc Biotechnology :2018-19 ... II III III Bio Analytical Tools 4 100 03 ... Lipid: Types of lipids, ...

Structure of B.Sc Biotechnology :2018-19

Year Semester Paper Title Hours Marks Credits

I I I

Microbiology

4 100 03

Practical –I 2 50 02

II II

Macromolecules, Enzymology

and Metabolism 4 100 03

Practical –II 2 50 02

II III III Bio Analytical Tools 4 100 03

Practical –III 2 50 02

IV IV Immunology 4 100 03

Practical –IV 2 50 02

V V Cell Biology And Genetics 3 100 03

Practical –V 2 50 02

VI Molecular Biology 3 100 03

Practical –VI 2 50 02

*Any one

VII

Computer Science, Biostatistics

& Bioinformatics 3 100 03

Lab 2 50 02

VI

**

Cluster Cluster Elective-A 3 100 03

VIII-A 1 Microbial Biotechnology 3 100 03

**Any one

2 rDNA Technology 3 100 03

3 Plant And Animal

Biotechnology 2 50 02

cluster (Set 2 50 02

of Three Or 2 50 02

Papers)

** Cluster Elective-B

from VIII-A VIII-B 1 Developmental Biology

or VIII-B 2 Environmental Biotechnology

can be 3 Industrial Biotechnology

selected

B.Sc., SEMESTER I MICROBIOLOGY

UNIT I

History, Development and Microscopy 12hrs History and development of microbiology: contributions of Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch and

Edward Jenner.

Principles and applications of Microscopy: Dark field, Phase contrast, fluorescent

microscopy, SEM, TEM.

UNIT II 12hrs Bacteria: Bacterial morphology and classification in brief. Gram+ve and Gram-ve bacteria.

Bacteria Growth Curves.

Nutrition in Bacteria: Basal, Selective, Differential and enriched media

UNIT III 12hrs

Viruses: General characteristics of viruses, difference between virus and typical microbial cell,

structure, different shapes and symmetries with one example of each type, classification of

viruses on the basis of nucleic acids, phage and animal cell viruses, example of each and their

importance. Brief idea of lytic cycle and lysogeny.

UNIT IV: 12hrs

Environmental Microbiology:

Biogeochemical cycles, Pollution-Organic and Inorganic pollutants

Aerobic and anaerobic treatment of water , Bioremediation. UNIT V: 12hrs Indusrtial Microbiology: Basic principles of bioreactor, production of ethanol, citric acid, antibiotics-penicillin and SCP Suggested Books:

1. Alexopoulos CJ, Mims CW, and Blackwell M. (1996). Introductory Mycology. 4

th edition.

John and Sons, Inc.

2. Jay JM, Loessner MJ and Golden DA. (2005). Modern Food Microbiology.

7thedition, CBS

Publishers and Distributors, Delhi, India.

3. Kumar HD. (1990). Introductory Phycology. 2nd edition. Affiliated East

Western Press.

4. Madigan MT, Martinko JM and Parker J. (2009). Brock Biology of

Microorganisms. 12th

edition. Pearson/Benjamin Cummings.

5. Pelczar MJ, Chan ECS and Krieg NR. (1993). Microbiology. 5th edition.

McGraw Hill Book

Company.

PARVATHANENI BRAHMAYYA SIDDHARTHA COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCE, VIJAYAWADA-520010

An autonomous college in the jurisdiction of Krishna University, Machilipatnam, A.P., India.

I B.SC., BIOTECHNOLOGY SEMESTER END EXAMINATIONS PAPER – I

MICROBIOLOGY PAPER CODE: BT-T11

MODEL PAPER

Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 75

SECTION –A

Answer and FIVE of the following 5x5=25 Marks

Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary.

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Answer any FIVE of the following 5X10=50 Marks


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I B.Sc – SEMESTER –I: BOTANY PRACTICAL SYLLABUS PRACTICAL:BTP- MICROBIOLOGY

1. Demonstration, use and care of microbiological equipment. 2. Preparation of media, sterilization and isolation of bacteria. 3. Isolation of Bacteriophage from sewage / other sources. 4. Demonstration of motility of Bacteria.

5. Simple staining of bacteria

6. Gram staining of Bacteria

7. Acid fast staining of Bacteria

8. Endospore staining. 9. Demonstration of starch hydrolysis by bacterial cultures.

10. Growth of fecal coliforms on selective media.

11. Isolation of pure culture by pour plate method.

12. Isolation of pure culture by streak plate method. 13. Anaerobic cultivation of microorganisms. 14. Cultivation of yeast and moulds.

15. Antibiotic sensitivity assay.

16. Oligodynamic action of metals. 17. To study germicidal effect of UV light on bacterial growth. W

18. Wine production using different substrates.

Note: - Mandatory to perform at least ten practical.

B. Sc. SEMESTER II MACROMOLEULES, ENZYMOLOGY AND METABOLISM

UNIT I: 12hrs

Carbohydrates: Definition, classification, nomenclature of carbohydrates, structures of

monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides. Concept and examples of heteropolysaccharides.

UNIT II 12hrs Amino acids and Proteins: Structure of amino acids occurring in proteins, classification of

amino acids (pH based, polarity based and nutrition based physico-chemical properties of

amino acids. Primary, Secondary, Tertiary & Quaternary structure of proteins.

UNIT III 12hrs

Lipid: Types of lipids, structures of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, triglycerides,

phospholipids, Concept of acid value, saponification value and iodine value. Chemistry of

Porphyrines, Heme, Cytochromes, and Chlorophylls

Nucleic acids: Structure of DNA and RNA. UNIT IV 12hrs Enzymes: Classification and Nomenclature of enzymes, Holoenzyme, Apoenzyme and Co-enzyme, active site, allosteric effect, Enzyme specificity, Enzyme activity, Factors affecting Enzyme activity, Michaelis-Menton equation and Enzyme inhibition. UNIT V 12hrs Metabolism: Concept of free energy, Entropy, Enthalpy & Redox Potential. Concept of high

energy bonds as related to the structure of ATP, Phosphoenolpyruvate, Creatine phosphate etc.

Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, Oxidative phosphorylation.

Suggested Books:

1.Biochemistry, Lubert Stryer, 6th Edition, WH Freeman, 2006.

2. Biochemistry, Donald Voet and Judith Voet, 2nd Edition, Publisher: John

Wiley andSons,

1995.

3. Fundamentals of Enzymology Nicholas Price and Lewis Stevens Oxford

University Press

1999

4. Buchanan, B., Gruissem, W. and Jones, R. (2000) Biochemistry and Molecular

Biology of

Plants.American Society of Plant Biologists.

5. Nelson, D.L., Cox, M.M. (2004) Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 4th

Edition, WH

Freeman and Company, New York, USA.

I B.SC., BIOTECHNOLOGY SEMESTER END EXAMINATIONS PAPER –II

MACROMOLEULES, ENZYMOLOGY AND METABOLISM

PAPER CODE: BT-T21

MODEL PAPER


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PRACTICALS: BTP- MACROMOLECULES & ENZYMOLOGY

1. Qualitative estimation of Carbohydrates 2. Qualitative estimation of Amino acids 3. Quantitative Estimation of proteins by Biuret method 4. Quantitative estimation of sugars (Dinitrosalicylic acid method). 5. Estimation of glucose by Benedict’s quantitative method 6. Quantitative estimation of proteins by Lowry’s method. 7. Determination of saponification value of Fats 8. Determination of Acid Value of Fats 9. Immobilization of enzymes / cells by entrapment in alginate gel 19. Effect of temperature

/ pH on enzyme activity

10. Assay of protease activity. 11. Assay of alkaline phosphatase 12. Preparation of starch from Potato and its hydrolysis by salivary amylase 13. Isolation of urease and demonstration of its activity * Minimum of Ten practical’s are mandatory

B.Sc., SEMESTER III BT-T31 BIO ANALYTICAL TOOLS UNIT I: 12hrs pH and Buffers: pH Determination – Measurement of pH, biochemical buffers, selection of biochemical buffer,

oxygen electrode and biosensors. Cell disruption methods: French press, sonication, freeze-thaw

techniques, enzymatic method, use of liquid nitrogen in cell disruption. UNIT II: 12hrs Centrifugation: Basic principles, concept of RCF, types of centrifuges (clinical, high speed and

ultracentrifuges).Preparative centrifugation, Analytical centrifugation: Sedimentation coefficient.

UNIT III: 12hrs Chromatography: Principle, partition coefficient, nature of partition forces, brief account of

Paper chromatography, thin layer chromatography and column chromatography. Gel filtration.

Ion-exchange chromatography, Affinity chromatography, Principle and applications of HPLC.

UNIT IV 12hrs Electrophoresis: Principle, types of electrophoresis- Paper electrophoresis, Gel electrophoresis-

PAGE, Agarose and their applications.

UNIT –V 12hrs

Radioactivity and Basics of Spectroscopy: Measurement of radioactivity:- Geiger- Muller counter, liquid scintillation counters (principle,

applications and technique), Application of isotopes in biology.

Spectroscopy: Basics of Spectroscopy, Electromagnetic spectrum, Beer’s law.

Suggested Books:

1. Karp, G. 2010. Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments. 6th

Edition. John

Wiley& Sons. Inc.

2. De Robertis, E.D.P. and De Robertis, E.M.F. 2006. Cell and Molecular

Biology. 8th edition.

Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia.

3. Cooper, G.M. and Hausman, R.E. 2009. The Cell: A Molecular Approach. 5th

edition. ASM

Press & Sunderland, Washington, D.C.; Sinauer Associates, MA.

4. Becker, W.M., Kleinsmith, L.J., Hardin. J. and Bertoni, G. P. 2009 The

World of the Cell.7th

edition. Pearson Benjamin Cummings Publishing, San Francisco.

II BIOTECHNOLOGY SEMESTER END EXAMINATIONS PAPER –III

BIO ANALYTICAL TOOLS PAPER CODE: BT-T31 MODEL PAPER


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PRACTICALS : BTP - METABOLISM & BIOPHYSICAL TECHNIQUES

1. Spectrophotometric analysis of DNA denaturation. 2. Determination of absorption spectrum of oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin

and methemoglobin.

3. Protein estimation by E280/E260 method. 4. Paper chromatography of amino acids/sugars. 5. TLC of sugars/amino acids. 6. Cellular fractionation and separation of cell organelles using centrifuge. 7. Isolation of mitochondria and assay of marker enzyme. 8. Estimation of Urea by diacetyle monoxime method. 9. Estimation of Sugars by Folin Wu method 10. Validity of Beer’s law for colorimetric estimation of creatinine. 11. Absorption spectrum of NAD & NADH 12. Preparation of standard buffers and determination of pH of a solution 13. Titration of a mixture of strong & weak acid 14. Paper electrophoresis of proteins 15. Gel electrophoresis of proteins. 16. SDS-PAGE of an oligomeric protein.

Note: - Mandatory to perform atleast 10 practicals * * * * * * *

B. Sc. SEMESTER - IV IMMUNOLOGY UNIT I 12hrs Immune system: Organs and cells of immune system Immunity, innate immune

mechanism, Acquired immune mechanism, Humoral immunity.

UNIT II 12hrs Antibody and Antigen: Antibody structure and classes, Monoclonal and Polyclonal

antibodies. Types of Antigens, Antigenicity (factors affecting antigenecity). Complement system .

UNIT III 12hrs Immunity: Antigen processing & presentation, Brief description of cytokines and MHC

(MHC types and diversity), Auto immunity.

UNIT IV 12hrs Hypersensitivity and Vaccination : General features of hypersensitivity, various types of

hypersensitivity, Vaccination: Discovery, principles, significance, Types of Vaccines

UNIT V 12hrs Immunological Techniques:Antigen-antibody reactions: Precipitation, agglutination,

complement fixation, immunodiffusion, ELISA, RIA, IFM. Hybridoma technology:

Monoclonal antibodies and their applications in immunodiagnosis.

Suggested Books:

1.Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai S. (2007). Cellular and Molecular Immunology.

6 th

edition Saunders Publication, Philadelphia.

2. Delves P, Martin S, Burton D, Roitt IM. (2006). Roitt’s Essential

Immunology. 11th

edition Wiley-Blackwell Scientific Publication, Oxford.

3. Goldsby RA, Kindt TJ, Osborne BA. (2007). Kuby’s Immunology. 6th edition

W.H.

Freeman and Company, New York.

4. Murphy K, Travers P, Walport M. (2008). Janeway’s Immunobiology. 7th

edition Garland

Science Publishers, New York.

5. Peakman M, and Vergani D. (2009). Basic and Clinical Immunology. 2nd

edition

Churchill Livingstone Publishers, Edinberg.

6. Richard C and Geiffrey S. (2009). Immunology. 6th edition. Wiley Blackwell

Publication.

II B.SC., BIOTECHNOLOGY SEMESTER END EXAMINATIONS PAPER –IV

IMMUNOLOGY PAPER CODE:BT-T41

MODEL PAPER


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PRACTICALS: BT- IMMUNOLOGY & BIOPHYSICAL TECHNIQUES

1. Antigen – antibody reaction – determination of Blood group , Cross reactivity 2. Pregnancy test 3. Widal test 4. Ouchterloney immunodiffusion 5. Radial immunodiffusion 6. ELISA 7. Isolation of casein by isoelectric precipitation 8. Production of antibodies and their titration

Note: - Mandatory to perform atleast 6 practicals

B. Sc. SEMESTER - V

CELL BIOLOGY AND GENETICS

UNIT I 12hrs Ultra structure of eukaryotic cell. Cell organelles- Nucleus, Golgi complex, Mitochondria, Chloroplast, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, peroxisome, glyoxisomes and vacuoles.

UNIT II 12hrs

Genes and their variations: Structure of gene, gene and environment, gene copies of

prokaryotic and Eukaryotic chromosomes. Eukaryotic chromosome organization, histone proteins. Gene transfer in bacteria(Conjugation, transformation and

transduction).

UNIT III 12hrs

Mendels Laws and Inheritance: Mendel experiments, Mendel Laws and deviations: incomplete dominance and Co dominance Penetration and pleiotropism, Recessive and

Dominant epistatic gene interactions. Concept of multiple alleles.

UNIT IV: 12hrs

Gene mutation- Spontaneous and induced- Point and Frame shift.

DNA Damage and DNA Repair- Excision repair and mismatch repair.

UNIT V 12hrs Cell cycle and Cell division, Apoptosis.

Suggested Books:

1. Karp, G. 2010. Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments. 6th

Edition. John

Wiley & Sons. Inc.

2. Cooper, G.M. and Hausman, R.E. 2009. The Cell: A Molecular Approach. 5th

edition.

ASMPress & Sunderland, Washington, D.C.; Sinauer Associates, MA.

3. Gardner, E.J., Simmons, M.J., Snustad, D.P. (2006). Principles of Genetics.

VIII Edition John

Wiley & Sons.

4. Snustad, D.P., Simmons, M.J. (2009). Principles of Genetics. V Edition.

John Wiley and Sons

Inc.

5. Russell, P. J. (2009). Genetics- A Molecular Approach. III Edition.

Benjamin Cummings.

6. Griffiths, A.J.F., Wessler, S.R., Lewontin, R.C. and Carroll, S.B. IX

Edition. Introduction to

Genetic Analysis, W. H. Freeman & Co.

III B.SC., BIOTECHNOLOGY SEMESTER END EXAMINATIONS PAPER –V

CELL BIOLOGY AND GENETICS PAPER CODE:BT-T51 MODEL PAPER


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PRACTICALS BTP – CELL BIOLOGY AND GENETICS (Elective Lab) 1. Study of different phases of mitosis in onion root tips and meiosis in Allium cepa

flower buds. 2. Karyotyping in Allium or Drosophila. 3. Determination of multiple allele frequencies of leaf scars in Trifolium. 4. Problems and assignments in Mendilian genetics. 5. Determination of linkage and calculation of recombination frequencies (maize/

Drosophila). 6. Induction of chromosomal aberrations by chemical mutagenesis in Allium (or any plant).

7. Isolation of auxotrophic mutants (plants or insects). 8. Repair of DNA by Photo activation of Photolyase in bacteria. 9. Mutation of bacteria by UV. 10. Chemical induced mutation in bacteria

11. Stages in Mitosis

12. Stages in Meiosis.

B. Sc. SEMESTER - V

III B.SC., BIOTECHNOLOGY PAPER-VI

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

UNIT I 12hrs Genome Structure: Watson and Crick model of DNA; Genome organization with specific

reference to prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes; Genome size. Concepts of Genetic Material,

Gene, Chromosome and Genome. Experiments to prove DNA as genetic material (Griffith

experiment, Hershey- Chase experiment)

Unit II 12hrs

DNA Replication: Enzymology of replication (DNA polymerase I, pol II and III, helicases,

topoisomerases, single strand binding proteins, DNA melting proteins, primase. Proof of

semiconservative replication, Replication origins, initiation, elongation, and termination. Rolling

circle replication of DNA

Unit III 12hrs

Transcription :Enzymatic synthesis of RNA: Basic features of transcription, structure of

prokaryotic RNA polymerase (core enzyme and holo enzyme, sigma factor ), concept of

promoter ( Pribnow box, -10 and -35 sequences ), Four steps of transcription (promoter binding

and activation, RNA chain initiation, chain elongation, termination and release). Reverse

transcription.

Unit IV: 12hrs

Genetic Code and Protein Synthesis:

Genetic code: Features of genetic code, Structure of m RNA, brief structure of tRNA, the adaptor

hypothesis, attachment of amino acids to tRNA. Codon-anticodon interaction - the wobble

hypothesis. Initiation, elongation, termination of protein.

Unit V 12hrs

Gene Expression and regulation:

Regulation of gene expression; Clustered genes and the operon concepts - Negative and positive

control of the Lac Operon, trp operon, Control of gene expression. Poly and Mono cistronic m-

RNA.

Suggested Books:

1.Karp, G. (2010). Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments. VI

Edition. John

Wiley & Sons. Inc.

2. De Robertis, E.D.P. and De Robertis, E.M.F. (2006). Cell and Molecular

Biology. VIII

Edition. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia.

3. Becker, W.M., Kleinsmith, L.J., Hardin. J. and Bertoni, G. P. (2009). The

World of the Cell.

VII Edition. Pearson Benjamin Cummings Publishing, San Francisco.

III B.SC., BIOTECHNOLOGY SEMESTER END EXAMINATIONS PAPER –VI

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY PAPER CODE:BT-T MODEL PAPER


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PRACTICALS BTP- MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

1. Effect of UV radiations on the growth of microorganisms. 2. Determination of absorption maxima of DNA and RNA and their quantification 3. Quantitative estimation of RNA 4. Quantitative estimation of DNA 5. Isolation of plasmid DNA from bacteria 6. Isolation of genomic DNA from E.coli 7. Isolation of DNA from sheep liver 8. Isolation of DNA from plant leaves (Rice or Tobacco or any other plant) 9. Separation of DNA by Agarose gel Electrophoresis 10. Purity analysis of the Nucleic acids

III B.SC., BIOTECHNOLOGY SEMESTER VI PAPER –VII

COMPUTER APPLICATIONS, BIOSTATISTICS and BIOIFORMATICS

Unit-1: Computer applications 12hrs

Microsoft office: Introduction and facilities available. Shortcut bar; customizing toolbar; using

common office techniques- Starting an office application.

Microsoft word: starting a new document, opening existing document, moving and copying text

Microsoft excel: Introducing excel worksheet, workbooks, functions and formulae, creating

database.

Microsoft power point: Creating presentations, working with slides, showing slide show,

creating an organization charts and graphs, printing a presentation.

Biostatistics

Unit-II 12hrs

Population, Sample, variable, parameter, primary and secondary data, screening and

representation of data. Frequency distribution, tabulation, bar diagram, histograms, pie diagram,

cumulative frequency curves. Mean median, mode, quartiles and percentiles, measures of

dispersion: range, variance, standard deviation, coefficient of variation

Unit-III 12hrs

Application software: Use of in-built statistical functions for computations of Mean, S.D.,

Correlation, regression coefficients etc. Use of bar diagram, histogram, scatter plots, etc.

graphical tools in EXCEL, sigma plot for presentation of data.

Unit-IV 12hrs

Foundations to bioinformatics – Evolution, similar macromolecular components, constancy of

gene number and core proteome in closely related organisms. Bioinformatics data – nucleic acid

sequence, protein sequence, protein structure, genomic, proteomic and metabolomic information

Unit-V 12hrs

Types of sequence alignments (Global, local and multiple)-Pairwise alignment algorithms–

Needleman and Wunch algorithm and SmithWaterman algorithm. Introduction to BLAST and

FASTA. Applications of Bioinformatics.

Suggested Books:

1. Le CT (2003) Introductory biostatistics. 1st edition, John Wiley, USA

2. Edmondson A and Druce D (1996) Advanced Biology Statistics, Oxford

University Press.

Ghosh Z. and Bibekanand M. (2008) Bioinformatics: Principles and

Applications. Oxford

University Press.

3. Pevsner J. (2009) Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics. II Edition.

Wiley-Blackwell.

4. Campbell A. M., Heyer L. J. (2006) Discovering Genomics, Proteomics and

Bioinformatics. II

Edition. Benjamin Cummings.

III B.SC., BIOTECHNOLOGY SEMESTER END EXAMINATIONS PAPER –VI I

CA, BIOSTATISTICS and BIOIFORMATICS PAPER CODE:BT-T61

MODEL PAPER


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PRACTICALS: CA, BIOSTATISTICS and BIOIFORMATICS

1. Opening of Ms Word and typing the given text by applying the given functions (Page layout, Margins, font, Heading, bulleted list, Creating table etc.) 2. Creating a Spread sheet using MS EXCEL by following the given instructions 3. Creating a Presentation using MS POWER POINT by following the given instructions 4. Collection of data. 5. Histograms. 6. Mean, mode and median. 7. Standard deviation, correlation and regression 8. Introduction to Computers. 9. Hands on experience on NCBI databases 10. Sequence alignment with BLASTA and FASTA 11. Construction of Phylogenetic tree. 12. Demonstration of Protein visualization (if software available)

Cluster Elective-A

B. Sc. III –Semester VI

III B.SC., BIOTECHNOLOGY SEMESTER-VI PAPER –VIII-A

MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY (VIII-A-1)

UNIT-I 14hrs

Heterologous Expression: Expression vectors and hosts Generally Regarded as Safe (GRAS)

organisms. Production of active recombinant proteins of mammalian/Eukaryotic origin in

prokaryotes. Large scale production of proteins from recombinant microorganisms. Principles of

microbial growth – Batch fermentation, feed-batch fermentation – continuous Fermentation, high

density cell cultures – Bioreactors – Large scale fermentation system – tandem Airlift reactors –

Single stirred tank reactors.

UNIT-II 10hrs

Downstream processing: Harvesting microbial cells – Membrane filtration system, high speed

semi continuous centrifugation – disrupting microbial cells. Gram scale purification of

recombinant proteins – Chromatography systems and analytical methods for large scale

purification. Stabilization of the proteins.

UNIT-III 10hrs

Processing technology: Microbial metabolites - Organic solvents (Alcohol), Organic acids (Citric

acid), Wines and beers, Antibiotics (penicillin), Vitamins (Vitamin B12), Amino acids (Aspartic

acid). Production of single cell proteins.

UNIT- IV 15hrs

Environmental pollution – Types of soil and air pollutants, methods for the measurement of air

pollution. Water pollution and its control – Need for water management, sources of water

pollution. Measurement of water pollution. Microbiology of wastewater treatment: Aerobic

process – Activated sludge, oxidation ditches, trickling filter, towers, rotating discs, rotating

drums, oxidation ponds. Anaerobic treatment. Treatment schemes for waste water of sugar

industry. Microbiology of degradation of substituted hydrocarbons (p-nitrophenol), pesticides

(2,4-D). Oil pollution, surfactants. Bioremediation of contaminated sites. Biopesticides in

integrated pest management.

UNIT-V 11hrs

Enzyme technology: Sources production, isolation and purification of enzymes for the industrial

use. Application of enzymes in pharmaceutical, food processing and other industries. Different

techniques of immobilization of enzymes, applications and kinetics of immobilized enzymes.

Design and operation of immobilized enzyme systems and bioreactors. Whole cell

immobilization. Biosensors - principle and types.

Suggested Books:

1.Willey JM, Sherwood LM, and Woolverton CJ. (2008). Prescott, Harley and

Klein’s

Microbiology. 7th edition. McGraw Hill Higher Education.

Reddy SR and Reddy SM. (2005). Microbial Physiology. Scientific Publishers

India.

5. Stanier RY, Ingrahm JI, Wheelis ML and Painter PR. (1987). General

Microbiology. 5th

edition, McMillan Press.

III B.SC., BIOTECHNOLOGY SEMESTER END EXAMINATIONS PAPER –VIII A

MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY PAPER CODE:BT-T

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PRACTICALS: MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY (VIII A)

1. Production of alcohol by S. cerevisiae

2. Production of citric acid by A. niger

3. Production of penicillin by fermentation

4. Production of wine from apples

5. Production aspartic acid

6. Production of glucose isomerase by batch fermentation

7. Production of lysine by Corynebacterium sp.

8. Characterization of microbes useful in degradation of pesticides/hydrocarbons

Cluster Elective-A


III B.SC., BIOTECHNOLOGY SEMESTER-VI PAPER –VIII-A

BTT-rDNA TECHNOLOGY (VIII-A-2) Unit I 10hrs Restriction and Modification: Enzymes used in molecular cloning; Polymerases, ligases,

phosphatases, kinases and nucleases. Classification of restriction endonucleases.

Unit II 14hrs

Cutting and joining DNA (cohesive end ligation, methods of blunt end ligation).Screening

methods (Genetic marker and blue white screening)

Cloning vehicles - Plasmid, Bacteriophage, Construction of genomic and cDNA libraries.

Advantages of cDNA libraries.

Unit III 12hrs Methods of gene sequencing – Maxam - Gilberts and Sanger’s dideoxy chain termination

methods; Polymerase chain reaction technique (Components in PCR and PCR conditions),

Blotting techniques.

Unit IV 12hrs

Methods of gene transfer in fungi, yeast and higher plants using microinjection, microprojectile

bombardment (gene gun method, Electroporation, transformation and Selection of transformed

cells.

Unit V 12hrs

Applications of recombinant DNA technology in Agriculture (Transgenic Plants) Medicine

(production of Insulin, Growth harmone, Tissue plasmogen activator and HBsAg vaccine)

Suggested Books:

1.Brown TA. (2006). Gene Cloning and DNA Analysis. 5th edition. Blackwell

Publishing,

Oxford, U.K.

2. Clark DP and Pazdernik NJ. (2009). Biotechnology-Applying the Genetic

Revolution.

Elsevier Academic Press, USA.

3. Glick, B.R., Pasternak, J.J. (2003). Molecular Biotechnology- Principles

and Applications of

recombinant DNA. ASM Press, Washington

4. Primrose SB and Twyman RM. (2006). Principles of Gene Manipulation and

Genomics, 7th

edition. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, U.K.

5. Sambrook J, Fritsch EF and Maniatis T. (2001). Molecular Cloning-A

Laboratory Manual. 3rd

edition. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.

III B.SC., BIOTECHNOLOGY SEMESTER END EXAMINATIONS PAPER –VIII-A-2

RDNA TECHNOLOGY PAPER CODE:BT-T

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11.a)

OR

b)

12.a)

OR

b)

13.a)

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b)

14.a)

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b)

15.a)

OR

b)

PRACTICALS BTP - RDNA TECHNOLOGY (VIII-A-2)

1. Problem in Genetic engineering. 2. Transformation in Bacteria using plasmid. 3. Restriction digestion of DNA and its electrophoretic separation. 4. Ligation of DNA molecules and their testing using electrophoresis. 5. Activity of DNAase and RNAse on DNA and RNA. 6. Isolation of Plasmid DNA. 7. Demonstration of PCR

Cluster Elective-A


III B.SC., BIOTECHNOLOGY SEMESTER-VI PAPER –VIII-A BTT- PLANT AND ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY(VIII-A-3)

UNIT I 12hrs Cell and tissue culture: Introduction to cell and Tissue culture Laboratory facilities,

Tissue culture media (composition and preparation) Callus and suspension cultures:

initiation and maintenance of callus and suspension cultures; single cell clones. UNIT II: 12hrs Tissue and micro-propagation: Regeneration, production of haploids, protoplast culture and

somatic hybridization. Cloning in plants - Ti plasmid organization. Concept of transgenic plants Bt cotton and other plant applications. UNIT III 12hrs Various techniques of animal cell and tissue culture:

Culture media, growth factors, laboratory facilities.

Characteristics of cells in culture: Contact inhibition, anchorage dependence, cell-cell

communication etc. Cell senescence. Primary culture, immortal cells, types of cell lines.

Maintenance of cell lines in the laboratory.

UNIT IV 14hrs

rDNA products: Brief idea about recombinant DNA products in medicine (insulin, somatostatin, vaccines),

Concept of Gene therapy, Production of recombinant vaccines – hepatitis. Concept of transgenic

animals, agrobacterium mediated transformation.

In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer in humans and farm animals(Dolly).

UNIT V 10hrs Intellectual Property Rights: Patent application, Copy right act, Design act, Trademark act,

Patents and their significance, Socio-ethical issues of patenting in biotechnology.

Suggested Books:

1. Bhojwani, S.S. and Razdan 2004 Plant Tissue Culture and Practice.

2. Reinert, J. and Bajaj, Y.P.S. 1997 Applied and Fundamental Aspects of Plant

Cell, Tissue and

Organ Culture. Narosa Publishing House.

3. Butler, M. (2004). Animal cell culture and technology: The basics. II

Edition. Bios scientific

publishers.

4. Glick, B.R. and Pasternak, J.J. (2009). Molecular biotechnology- Principles

and applications

of recombinant DNA. IV Edition. ASM press, Washington, USA.

5. Watson, J.D., Myers, R.M., Caudy, A. and Witkowski, J.K. (2007).

Recombinant DNAgenes

and genomes- A short course. III Edition. Freeman and Co., N.Y., USA.

III B.SC., BIOTECHNOLOGY SEMESTER END EXAMINATIONS PAPER –VIII-A-3

PLANT AND ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY PAPER CODE:BT-T

MODEL PAPER


SECTION –A



1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7. 8.

SECTION – B



11.a)

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b)

12.a)

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14.a)

OR

b)

15.a)

OR

b)

PRACTICALS: BTP- PLANT AND ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY(VIII-A-3)

1.Establishing a plant cell culture (both in solid and liquid media) – seed germination,

callus culture, suspension cell culture, regeneration from callus cells.

2. Suspension culture.

3.Cell count by hemocytometer.

4.Cytology of callus. 5.Establishing primary cell culture of chicken embryo fibroblasts.

6.Animal tissue culture – maintenance of established cell lines.

7.Animal tissue culture – virus cultivation. 8.Measurement of cell size.

9. Microphotography. 10. IMViC test.

11. 11.Determination of seed viability.

Cluster Elective-B B. Sc. III – Semester VI

III B.SC., BIOTECHNOLOGY SEMESTER-VI PAPER –VIII-B

DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-VIII-B-1

UNIT-I 12hrs

Introduction and overview of animal development; Developemntal control of gene expression,

Cell signaling, Determining cell fate and cell commitment, Fertilization and cleavage,

Gastrulation and Neurulation

UNIT-II 12hrs

Introduction and overview of plant development in Arabdopsis thalliana. Developmental

stratagies of plants; gamete production in plants-gametophytes, microsporogenesis,

megasporogenesis, pollination, fertilization; embryo development-embryogenesis, dormancy,

germination, vegetative growth, development of root, shoot and leaf; vegetative to reproductive

transition; senescence; Plant’s response to environment.

UNIT-III 12hrs

Examples of induction and cell fate determination; Early inductive events in Xenopus: axis

formation, early inductive events in Xenopus: the Nieuwkoop center and the organizer, neyral

fate. Examples of determination of cell fate in the nervous system: the cerebral cortex, the retina.

Consequences of Molecular evolution.

UNIT-IV 12hrs Introduction to developmental genetics: approaches and techniques; Introduction to C.elegans;

Developmental genetics in practice: studying events controlled by maternal transcripts & later

signaling events using C.elegans; epistasis and mosaic analysis to determine gene products;

UNIT-V 12hrs

Developmental genetics in practice: studying early events in Drosophila development; axis

formation, embryonic patterning, segmentation and segment identity in Drosophila. Limb

development.

Suggested Books:

1.Gilbert, S. F. (2006). Developmental Biology, VIII Edition, Sinauer

Associates, Inc.,

Publishers, Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA.

2. Balinsky, B.I. (2008). An introduction to Embryology, International Thomson

Computer

Press.

3. Kalthoff, (2000). Analysis of Biological Development, II Edition, McGraw-

Hill Professional.

III B.SC., BIOTECHNOLOGY SEMESTER END EXAMINATIONS PAPER – VIII –B-1

DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY PAPER CODE:BT-T71A MODEL PAPER


SECTION –A



1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7. 8.

SECTION – B



11.a)

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b)

12.a)

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b)

13.a)

OR

b)

14.a)

OR

b)

15.a)

OR

b)

PRACTICALS:DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY (VIII-B-1)

1. Estimation of acid phosphatase levels in Tad pole tails

2. Types of anthers

3. Types of stigmas

4. Anther development in plants

5. Stages of megasporogenesis

6. Endosperm types

Cluster Elective-B

BTT- ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY (VIII-B-2)

Unit I 12hrs Principles of Ecology, Water and terrestrial ecosystems, Bio-geo chemical cycles - Carbon,

Nitrogen cycles. Role of microbes in bio-geochemical cycles. Unit II 12hrs Inorganic and Organic pollutants of air, land and water; maintenance of standards, Environmental monitoring. Detection, treatment and prevention of pollution. Biological

indicators Unit III 12hrs Biocides, Four stage alternatives, Refuse disposal - Treatment methods, effluent from

pharmaceuticals, fertilizers, pulp and paper industry.

Unit IV 12hrs Waste water management - Aerobic and anaerobic treatment, primary, secondary and tertiary

treatment of municipal wastes, Solid waste management.

Unit V 12hrs

Bioremediation, Biodegradation of recalcitrant compounds and the role of genetically engineered

microbes and genetically modified organisms in the environmental management.

Suggested Books:

1. Environmental Science, S.C. Santra

2. Environmental Biotechnology, Pradipta Kumar Mohapatra

3. Environmental Biotechnology – Concepts and Applications, Hans-Joachim

Jordening and

Jesef Winter

4. Waste Water Engineering, Metcalf and Eddy, Tata McGraw hill

5. Agricultural Biotechnology, S.S. Purohit

6. Environmental Microbiology : Methods and Protocols, Alicia L. Ragout De

Spencer, John

F.T. Spencer

7. Introduction to Environmental Biotechnology, Milton Wainwright

8. Principles of Environmental Engineering, Gilbert Masters

9. Wastewater Engineering – Metcalf & Eddy

III B.SC., BIOTECHNOLOGY SEMESTER END EXAMINATIONS PAPER –VIII-B-2

ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY PAPER CODE:BT-T MODEL PAPER


SECTION –A



1.

2.

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6.

7. 8.

SECTION – B



11.a)

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b)

12.a)

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b)

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b)

14.a)

OR

b)

15.a)

OR

b)

PRACTICALS BTP - ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY(VIII-B-2) 1. Detection of coliforms for determination of the purity of potable water. 2. Determination of total dissolved solids of water 3. Determination of Hardness and alkalinity of water sample. 4. Determination of dissolved oxygen concentration of water sample 5. Determination of biological oxygen demand of sewage sample 6. Determination of chemical oxygen demand (COD) of sewage sample. 7. Isolation of xenobiotic degrading bacteria by selective enrichment technique 8. Estimation of heavy metals in water/soil 9. Estimation of nitrate in drinking water. 10. Preparation and formulation of microbial biopesticide (bacteria, fungi and viruses) 11. In vitro evaluation of medicinal plants against pathogenic microbes. 12. Effect of mycorrhizal fungi on growth promotion of plants. 13. Production of microbial fertilizers (Rhizobium, Azotobacter and AMF).

Cluster Elective-B

BTT- Industrial Biotechnology (VIII-B-3) Unit I 12hrs Isolation, Screening, Preservation and Improvement of Industrially Important Microorganisms. Synthetic and Natural Medium, Precursors, Antifoams, Sterilization Methods

and Inoculum Preparation.

Unit II 12hrs Definition of bioreactor, basic principles of bioreactor. Classification of bioreactors. Analysis

of batch, continuous, fed batch and semi-continuous bioreactors.

Unit III 12hrs Ethanol Production by Fermentation using Molasses, Starchy Substances. Production of

Alcoholic Beverages like Beer and Wine. Production of Citric Acid by Submerged and Solid

State Fermentations.

Unit IV 12hrs Sources of Industrial Enzymes, Production of Microbial Enzymes like Amylase and protease. Backer’s Yeast and SCP Production. Production of Antibiotics : Penicillin .

Unit V 12hrs Biotechnology Products- Production of recombinant proteins having therapeutic and diagnostic

applications( Insulin, Growth hormone, Recombinant vaccines, Monoclonal Antibody).

Suggested Books:

1. Basic Industrial Biotechnology ” by Munawar T Mohammad and Swamy a V N

2. Biotechnology: A Textbook of Industrial Microbiology ” by Wulf Crueger and Anneliese Crueger.

III B.SC., BIOTECHNOLOGY SEMESTER END EXAMINATIONS PAPER –VIII-B-3

Industrial Biotechnology PAPER CODE:BT-T

MODEL PAPER


SECTION –A



1.

2.

3.

4.

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7. 8.

SECTION – B



11.a)

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12.a)

OR

b)

13.a)

OR

b)

14.a)

OR

b)

15.a)

OR

b)

PRACTICALS BTP- Industrial Biotechnology (VIII-B-3) 1. Isolation of industrially important microorganisms from soil.

2. Isolation of amylase producing organisms from soil. 3. Production of α – amylase from Bacillus Spp. by shake flask culture. 4. Production of alcohol or wine using different substrates. 5. Estimation of alcohol by titrimetry. 6. Estimation of alcohol by calorimetric method . 7. Production of citric acid. 8. Citric acid production by submerged fermentation. 9. Estimation of citric acid by titrimetry.

Structure of B.Sc Biotechnology :2018-19 Revised Degree... · Structure of B.Sc Biotechnology :2018-19 ... II III III Bio Analytical Tools 4 100 03 ... Lipid: Types of lipids, ...

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