Structure

Estimados Expositores del II Seminario de Electricidad

Consequences of increasing penetration of distributed generation on transmission and distribution grids

Ulf Häger | San José, September 4th 2012

2Ulf Häger | San José, September 4th 2012

Structure

1. Distributed Generation sources Wind Photovoltaik Hydro Biomass Geothermal CHP

2. Consequences for transmission and distribution grids Balance Power Transmission Grids Distribution Grids


Wind

050

100150200250300350

0 1 2 3 4 5 >6

Am

ount

Nominal Power [MW]

Histogramm of the nominal power of Onshore Wind Power Plants installed in Germany in 2010:

Fact Sheet:• Stand-alone-devices:

• Are usually connected to MV or HV• Parks:

• Small parks are usually connected to MV or HV, while large parks are connected to HV or the transmission system

Off-shore

On-shore

Fact Sheet:• Offshore parks are usually connected to the transmission system• Submarine Cable (AC or DC) is necessary between offshore park

(Ppark usually more than 100 MW) and connection point


Types of Distributed Generation

Photovoltaik

Histogramm of the nominal power of Photovoltaik plants installed in Germany in 2010:

Fact Sheet:• PV plants with nominal power < ~300 kW are connected to LV• PV plants with nominal power between ~300 kW and ~15 MW are

connected to MV• PV plants with nominal power > ~15 MW are connected to HV

0

10

20

30

40

50

10 20 30 40 >50

Am

ount

[thd

.]

Nominal power [kW]



Hydro

Fact Sheet:• Often large power plants connected to the

transmission system• Also smaller distributed generators available which

are connected to LV, MV or HV

Pump-storage

Marine

River

Fact Sheet:• Often large power plants connected to the

transmission system• Also smaller distributed generators available, usually

connected to HV

Fact Sheet:• Different types:

• Tidal power• Marine current power• Wave power• …

• All are still prototypes



Biomass

Histogramm of the nominal power of Photovoltaik plants installed in Germany in 2010:

Fact Sheet:• Fuel types: Firewood, Pellets, Bio oil, Bio gas, Bio ethanol• Can also provide thermal power (CHP)• Can be used as base load

010203040506070

100 200 300 400 >500

Am

ount

Nominal Power [kW]



Geothermal

Fact Sheet:• Exploitation of high water temperatures under ground (>100°C)• Nominal power usually up to 10 MW• Can be used to provide thermal power (CHP)

CHP

Fact Sheet:• Typical devices:

• Stirling motor• Microgasturbine• Piston engine• BHKW


Main sources of distributed generation

WindGeothermal

Biomass

HydroMarine

River

Pump-storage

On-shore

Off-shore CHP

Photovoltaik

Fluctuating Controllable


Structure

1. Distributed Generation sources Wind Photovoltaik Hydro Biomass Geothermal CHP

2. Consequences for transmission and distribution grids Balance Power Transmission Grids Distribution Grids

Szenario 2040+

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Ist-Werte Ref, KKW EE BMU Ref, KKW EE BMU BMU

2007 2020 2030 2040+

jähr

l. St

rom

erze

ugun

g [TW

h]

EE-Import

Photovoltaik

Wind offshore

Wind onshore

Geothermie

Biomasse

Wasser

Last

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Ist-Werte Ref, KKW EE BMU Ref, KKW EE BMU BMU

2007 2020 2030 2040+

jähr

l. St

rom

erze

ugun

g [TW

h]

EE-Import

Photovoltaik

Wind offshore

Wind onshore

Geothermie

Biomasse

Wasser

Last

Electricitydemand

Source: own Studies +BMU: DLR "BMU Leitszenario 2009"

Goal in Germany: 80% renewable Generation until 2050

Balance power between +35 GW and -24 GW by:- Peak load power plants

- Storages- Import of renewable Energy- Demand Side Management

Severe transmission network reinforcement

Reinforcement and operation of distribution networks:

- Smart Market- Smart Grid


Szenario 2040+Goal in Germany: 80% renewable Generation until 2050




Pump storage in Germany today: 7,5 GW, 45 GWh

Demand 2040+: 35 GW => 1.750 GWh




Erneuerbare Energien geprägte ländliche Gebiete

Erneuerbare Energien geprägte ländliche Gebiete

Last- bzw. verbrauchsgeprägte städtische Gebiete

Last- bzw. verbrauchsgeprägte städtische Gebiete

Future scenarios with large amount of renewable energies require flexible loads (storage capability)

Renewable Energy Ressources primarily

in Rural Areas

Load or Consumption Centers in highly Populated Areas

Balanced via European Electricity Marketand Transmission Network

Source: TU Dortmund + ABBUlf Häger | San José, September 4th 2012





Verteilnetzausbau und -betrieb

4

5

3

5

6

4

4

7

4

1

3

4

4

22

2

2

2

2

22

2

2 2

02

22

01

2

2

5

2

6

22

2

2

2

1

2

5

5 6

2

04

2

2

4

2

1

2

2

2

02

4 4

2

2

2

2

6

8

4

22

2 1

4

2

2

6

1

04 (MV)

13 (BE/BR)12 (ST)

24 (RP/SL)

29 (BW) 30 (BW/BY) 31 (BY)

14 (NW)

20 (NW)

28 (BW)

05 (MV)

07 (BR)

19 (BR/SN)

23 (SN)

1

3

3

15 (NW)

2

1

2

Leiter innerhalb Deutschlands (Grundzustand)

Leiter in Nachbarländer (Grundzustand)

Zubauten für 2020

Zubauten für 2030

Zubauten für 2040

Anzahl paralleler Systeme2

1

2

111

1

2

22

1

1

1

2

1

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

02 (NI)03 (HH/SH)

11 (NI)

17 (NI)

18 (ST)

22 (TH)21 (HE)

16 (HE)

10 (NI)

08 (NI)

09 (NI)

25 (HE/RP)

26 (BY)

06 (HB/NI)

01 (SH)

27 (BW/HE/RP)



Source: TU DortmundUlf Häger | San José, September 4th 2012

Load centers

Future offshore wind parks

Transmission network reinforcement (2040+)

at least 3000 km lines (380 kV + maybe HVDC)

costs min 6 - 8 bil Euro 2040+

corresponds to approx. 0,25 - 0,35 ct / kWh

additional wind generation


Vision: WAMS & WACS

PMU

PMU

PMU

PMU

PMU

PMUPMU

PMUPMU

PMU

PMU

PMU

PMU

PMU

PMU

PMUPMU

PMUPMU

PMU

PMU

PMU

PMU

PMU

Dynamic State Model

StabilityInformation

Network Control & System Protection




Increasing share of DG

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

- -- -

- -- -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

-

-

-

-

...

...

...

...

...

...

x x

New loads and load management



- Smart Market- Smart Grid Source: TU Dortmund + RWE + Mennekes


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Distribution grids reach limits of capacity and voltage due to renewable generation and new controllable load applications

Increasing share of DG

...

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

- -- -

- -- -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

-

-

-

-

...

......

...

...

x x

Implementation of innovative devices, grid and operation/control concepts

New loads and load management

Source: TU DortmundRWE Deutschland AG

DG

new LoadsVo

ltage

/ V

Time / h





Demand of network reinforcement results from Smart Grid und Smart Market requirements

Smart Grid Smart Market

Grid / System Operation

Asset Management

(Investment)

Grid planning

The design of future grids must jointly consider Operation, Asset Management und Planning according to the requirements of Smart Grids und Smart Markets.

Demand of network reinforcement and the corresponding regulatory consequences must be investigated for the future based on these boundary conditions.


Coordinated use of voltage control and reactive power management

NS-AVC

MS-AVC

Tap Changer

Tap ChangerTrafo + AVC

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

...

...

xx

HS/MS

MS/NS

...

...

...

...

Q-Management

Q-Management

SVC

STATCOM, Storage

STATCOM, Storage

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

direct voltage control indirect voltage control

Smart Grid


Aggregator bundels loads/gen. and providessystem services or market products

E-Energy Market PlaceAggregator

Demand ResponseDemand Side MgmtSupply Side Mgmt.

Electricity MarketEnergy SupplierEnergy TraderNetwork Restrictions

System Services

Grid Operator

Daten

GasStrom

Data

GasElectricity

-Micro-CHP -

Prosumer (active custromer)-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

...

...

...xx

HS/MS

MS/NS

- - - - -

- - - - -

- - - - -

- -- -

- -

- - - - - - -

...

...

...

...

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

HV/MV

MV/LV

Smart Market







Verteilnetzausbau und -betrieb



Integrated consideration of measures in all fields of power system operation and planning is necessary

Investigations are required to determine the optimum share between network reinforcement or other Smart Grid and Smart Market measures

Integration of Distributed Generation requires modifications to the power system


Ulf Häger | San José, September 4th 2012 21

Thank you for your attention!

Structure

Documents

large power plants

cnominal power

thermal power chpchpfact

thermal power chpcan

hvfact sheet

shorefact sheet

geothermalfact sheet

hydrofact sheet