Structural Wood Design Capstone

Demonstration of Structural

Wood Design Using

Engineered Wood Products

Tyler Blackwell, Jeremy Coate, Ali El Gandour, Eyob

Kebede

CVT Students

Construction Management Option

School of Construction

SAIT Polytechnic

Cover Illustration: “Structural Composite Lumber (SCL),” American Plywood Association (APA), [online]

Available: http://www.apawood.org/structural-composite-lumber. [Accessed: March 25, 2015].

http://www.apawood.org/structural-composite-lumber

http://www.apawood.org/structural-composite-lumber

Demonstration of Structural

Wood Design Using Engineered

Wood Products

Written for: Mark Dann, Design Manager, Akx Lumber Ltd.

Written by:

Tyler Blackwell, Jeremy Coate, Ali ElGandour,

Eyob Kebede CVT Students

Construction Management Option

School of Construction SAIT Polytechnic

Requested by:

Carlo Velcic, CIVL Advisor

Bonnie Brightlee, COMM Instructor SAIT Polytechnic

10 April 2015

ii

Executive Summary This project presents a collaborative approach to designing, verifying and comparing design methods

between industry professionals and JATE Design. This report includes compiled data and information as

a result of structural wood design calculations, an analysis of cost, constructability and floor

performance. All data and calculations were completed in compliance with the Wood Design Manual, a

structural wood design guide published by the Canadian Wood Council.

Structural wood design is a process of selecting individual wood members based on moment resistance,

shear resistance, deflection, and vibration. In today’s wood industry, there are many products that could

be used in the process of design such as conventional lumber and engineered wood products. The

products used in this structural wood design include 110, 230, 360, and 560 TJI joist series, along with

LVL, PSL, and LSL beams. The different joists and beams are designed to withhold a certain loading,

depending on the desired strength. The various TJI series also vary in depth and width.

This report contains a design completed by JATE Design, Akx Lumber Ltd, and a comparison between the

two procedures. The various topics covered in this report include a methodology section which explains

the different methods taken to complete the design. The comparison includes layout, floor

performance, and constructability variances. Along with a cost analysis that involves all material cost.

After completing the design, compiling data, and comparing the different design methods taken by JATE

design and Akx Lumber Ltd., it was found that the techniques used by JATE design to be more cost

effective.

iii

Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................. ii

Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................... iii

Table of Illustrations ................................................................................................................................ v

Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 1

Purpose ............................................................................................................................................... 1

Background ......................................................................................................................................... 1

Scope .................................................................................................................................................. 2

Preview ............................................................................................................................................... 2

Products .................................................................................................................................................. 3

Joists ................................................................................................................................................... 3

Beams ................................................................................................................................................. 3

Methodology ........................................................................................................................................... 4

Architectural Drawings ........................................................................................................................ 4

Forte Software..................................................................................................................................... 7

Forte Assumptions ........................................................................................................................... 7

TJ-Pro Rating Vibration .................................................................................................................... 7

Design Manual Calculations ................................................................................................................. 8

JATE Design ........................................................................................................................................... 11

Supporting Main Floor ....................................................................................................................... 11

Joists.............................................................................................................................................. 12

Beams............................................................................................................................................ 18

Bearing Walls ................................................................................................................................. 23

Steel Post....................................................................................................................................... 23

Supporting Second Floor .................................................................................................................... 24

Joists.............................................................................................................................................. 24

Beams............................................................................................................................................ 31

Bearing Wall .................................................................................................................................. 37

JATE Drawings ................................................................................................................................... 37

AKX Lumber Ltd. Design ......................................................................................................................... 40

Comparison ........................................................................................................................................... 43

Layout Differences ............................................................................................................................. 43

iv

Main Floor ..................................................................................................................................... 43

Upper Floor ................................................................................................................................... 43

Cost ................................................................................................................................................... 44

Joists.............................................................................................................................................. 44

Beams............................................................................................................................................ 45

Floor Sheathing.............................................................................................................................. 46

Concrete ........................................................................................................................................ 47

Floor Performance ............................................................................................................................. 47

Area M-A ....................................................................................................................................... 47

Weighted Average ......................................................................................................................... 48

Vibration Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 48

Constructability ................................................................................................................................. 48

Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................. 49

References ............................................................................................................................................ 50

Appendix A: Beam Resistive Forces Calculations ...................................................................................... A

Appendix B: Main Floor Joists Calculations .............................................................................................. B

Appendix C: Main Floor Joists Calculations .............................................................................................. C

Appendix D: Upper Floor Beams Calculations ..........................................................................................D

Appendix E: Upper Floor Beams Calculations ........................................................................................... E

Appendix F: Bearing Wall Calculations ..................................................................................................... F

Appendix G: Support Post Calculations ................................................................................................... G

v

Table of Illustrations Figure 1: Load Transfer ...................................................................................................................... 2

Figure 2: Architectural Drawings- Main Floor ...................................................................................... 5

Figure 3: Architectural Drawings- Upper Floor ..................................................................................... 6

Figure 4: Floor Vibration ..................................................................................................................... 8

Figure 5: TJ-Pro Rating Vibration ......................................................................................................... 8

Figure 6: Main Floor Joist Areas ...................................................................................................... 12

Figure 7: Upper Floor Joist Areas ...................................................................................................... 24

Figure 8: JATE Main Floor Drawing ...................................................................................................... 38

Figure 9: JATE Upper Floor Drawings ............................................................................................... 39

Figure 10: Main Floor- Akx Lumber Design ....................................................................................... 41

Figure 11: Second Floor- Akx Lumber Design ................................................................................. 42

Table 1: TJI Joist Specifications ................................................................................................................ 3

Table 2: Beam Specifications ................................................................................................................... 4

Table 3: Comparison of Joist Types ........................................................................................................ 13

Table 4: Summary- Joists Section M-A ................................................................................................... 13

Table 5: Forte Solution- Joists Section M-A ............................................................................................ 13

Table 6: Joist Strength- Section M-A ...................................................................................................... 14

Table 7: Joist Deflection- Section M-A .................................................................................................... 14

Table 8: Summary- Joists Section M-B.................................................................................................... 14

Table 9: Forte Solution- Joists Section M-B ............................................................................................ 14

Table 10: Joist Strength- Section M-B .................................................................................................... 15

Table 11: Joist Deflection- Section M-B .................................................................................................. 15

Table 12: Summary- Joists Section M-C .................................................................................................. 15

Table 13: Forte Solution- Joists Section M-C .......................................................................................... 15

Table 14: Joist Strength- Section M-C..................................................................................................... 16

Table 15: Joist Deflection- Section M-C .................................................................................................. 16

Table 16: Summary- Joists Section M-D ................................................................................................. 16

Table 17: Forte Solution- Joists Section M-D .......................................................................................... 16

Table 18: Joist Strength- Section M-D .................................................................................................... 17

Table 19: Joist Deflection- Section M-D .................................................................................................. 17

Table 20: Summary- Joists Section M-E .................................................................................................. 17

Table 21: Forte Solution- Joists Section M-E ........................................................................................... 17

Table 22: Joist Strength- Section M-E ..................................................................................................... 18

Table 23: Joist Deflection- Section M-E .................................................................................................. 18

Table 24: Beam Comparison .................................................................................................................. 18

Table 25: Forte Solution- Beam MB-1 .................................................................................................... 19

Table 26: Moment and Shear- Beam MB-1 ............................................................................................ 19

Table 27: Beam MB-1 Deflection Limits ................................................................................................. 19

Table 28: Beam MB-1 Deflection ........................................................................................................... 19

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Table 37: Bearing Wall- Main Floor ........................................................................................................ 23

Table 38: JATE Post Design .................................................................................................................... 23

Table 39: Summary- Joists Section U-A .................................................................................................. 25

Table 40: Forte Solution- Joists Section U-A ........................................................................................... 25

Table 41: Joist Strength- Section U-A ..................................................................................................... 26

Table 42: Joist Deflection- Section U-A................................................................................................... 26

Table 43: Summary- Joists Section U-B .................................................................................................. 26

Table 44: Forte Solution- Joists Section U-B ........................................................................................... 26

Table 45: Joist Strength- Section U-B ..................................................................................................... 27

Table 46: Joist Deflection- Section U-B ................................................................................................... 27

Table 47: Summary- Joists Section U-C .................................................................................................. 27

Table 48: Forte Solution- Joists Section U-C ........................................................................................... 27

Table 49: Joist Strength- Section U-C ..................................................................................................... 28

Table 50: Joist Deflection- Section U-C ................................................................................................... 28

Table 51: Summary- Joists Section U-D .................................................................................................. 28

Table 52: Forte Solution- Joists Section U-D ........................................................................................... 28

Table 53: Joist Strength- Section U-D ..................................................................................................... 29

Table 54: Joist Deflection- Section U-D .................................................................................................. 29

Table 55: Summary- Joists Section U-E ................................................................................................... 29

Table 56: Forte Solution- Joists Section U-E ........................................................................................... 29

Table 57: Joist Strength- Section U-E...................................................................................................... 30

Table 58: Joist Deflection- Section U-E ................................................................................................... 30

Table 59: Summary- Joists Section U-F ................................................................................................... 30

Table 60: Forte Solution- Joists Section U-F............................................................................................ 30

Table 61: Joist Strength- Section U-F ...................................................................................................... 31

Table 62: Joist Deflection- Section U-F ................................................................................................... 31

Table 63: Forte Solution- Beam UB-1 ..................................................................................................... 31

Table 64: Moment and Shear- Beam UB-1 ............................................................................................. 31

Table 65: Beam UB-1 Deflection Limits .................................................................................................. 32

Table 66: Beam UB-1 Deflection ............................................................................................................ 32





vii

















Table 87: Bearing Wall- Upper Floor ...................................................................................................... 37

Table 88: Total Comparative Costs ......................................................................................................... 44

Table 89: JATE’s Main Floor Joist Costs .................................................................................................. 44

Table 90: Akx’ Main Floor Joist Costs ..................................................................................................... 44

Table 91: JATE’s Upper Floor Joist Costs................................................................................................. 45

Table 92: Akx’ Upper Floor Joist Costs.................................................................................................... 45

Table 93: JATE’s Main Floor Beam Costs ................................................................................................ 45

Table 94: Akx’ Main Floor Beam Costs ................................................................................................... 45

Table 95: JATE’s Upper Floor Beam Costs............................................................................................... 46

Table 96: Akx’ Upper Floor Beam Costs .................................................................................................. 46

Table 97: Floor Sheathing Costs ............................................................................................................. 46

Table 98: Concrete Costs ....................................................................................................................... 47

Table 99: Floor Perfomance Comparison ............................................................................................... 47

Table 100: Weighted Average of TJ-Pro Ratings ..................................................................................... 47

1

Demonstration of Structural Wood Design Using Engineered Wood Products

Blackwell, Coate, ElGandour, Kebede

Introduction This report is a demonstration of structural wood design using engineered wood products.

Purpose This report communicates compiled data and information as a result of structural wood design

calculations, an analysis of cost, constructability, and floor performance. The purpose of this project was

to design the structural layout of a residential home recommended by Akx Lumber Ltd. using Forte®

design software and to verify the results with hand calculations using the Canadian Wood Council Wood

Design Manual 2010 handbook, skills gained in the CIVL 358: Structural Wood Design course, and the

assistance of Carlo Velcic. Upon completion of this design, called the JATE design, it is compared based

on cost, floor performance and industry recommendation to the design completed by the professionals

at AKX Lumber Ltd. using Javelin Software.

Background Structural wood design is a process of selecting individual wood members based on moment resistance,

shear resistance, deflection, and vibration. All individual members must be selected, and linked together

to construct an entire wood arrangement to satisfy a required strength. The required strength in

structural wood is designed to withhold a various scope of loads. These loads include live loads such as

people, and dead loads such as structural members. Understanding the material presented in this report

requires a basic understanding of structural wood design.

The basis of any structural design project is to understand how loads are transferred throughout the

structure and into the soil. A residential home experiences various loads including dead, live, and snow

loads that must be supported. A proper structural wood design must be able to work as a single system

to maintain proper performance.

The roof experiences dead and snow loads that it transfers from the sheathing to the roof trusses, down

the exterior walls, into the foundation, and then transferred into the soil. These loads and load transfers

are not being covered due to time constraints.

The interior of the home experiences dead loads and live loads which must be transferred through the

load path to the soil as well. These are the loads and load transfers which will be discussed through the

report. These loads are first transferred from the floor sheathing, to the floor joists. There are various

paths the joists may transfer the loading to. In the JATE design theses loads are transferred to beams,

bearing walls, or exterior walls. From the beams loads are transferred to bearing walls, exterior walls,

foundation walls, or posts. Bearing walls, exterior walls and posts transfer the load to the foundation.

The foundation then transfers the load to soil to support the structure. Figure 1 illustrates typical load

transfer.

2



Figure 1: Load Transfer Source: [Primary]

Scope

All data, calculations, and information gathered in this report were completed in compliance with the

Wood Design Manual 2010 by Canadian Wood Council. The design completed was based on

architectural drawings received from Akx Lumber Ltd. All product information was gathered from a

binder containing product specifications, which was provided by Carlo Velcic and produced by

Weyerhaeuser.

The topics considered in this report included structural joist, beam, post, and bearing wall designs.

However, due to a time constraint, all structural concrete, roof, and exterior wall designs were excluded.

In addition, a cost analysis was completed; yet, all labour and delivery costs were excluded.

Preview The content covered in this report includes the products used, a methodology section entailing load

transfer, architectural drawings, and various software techniques. This report also contains a design

completed by the JATE team, another design completed by Akx Lumber Ltd, and a comparison between

the two designs. The comparison includes layout, floor performance, and constructability variances,

along with a cost analysis that involves all material cost.

3



Products Many industry professionals may argue on the productivity of conventional lumber when compared to

engineered wood products. In the past, conventional lumber was commonly used; however, the modern

framing materials in today’s society include engineered wood products. Engineered wood products are

constructed of oriented wood fibers held together with glue and resins. The process of engineering

wood provides great strength and consistency, and can be more environmentally friendly than

conventional lumber. The products that are used in this report are Trus-Joist products, which are

manufactured by Weyerhaeuser, including TJI joists, as well as LVL, PSL, and LSL beams. The different

joists and beams, which are explained further in the following subsections, are designed to withhold a

certain loading, depending on the desired strength.

Joists TJI joist engineered wood products are used in the floor system as a joist component. It has great

strength in relation to its size and weight. The major notable difference from dimensional lumber is that

the I-joist carries heavy loads with less lumber than a dimensional solid wood joist. Presently, most of all

wood light framed floors in Calgary use I-joists. I-joists are common because of their span and

performance capabilities and their efficient use of wood fibers. I-joists were designed to help eliminate

typical problems that come with using solid lumber as joists. The advantage of I-joists is they will not

bow, crown, twist, cup, check or split as would a dimensional piece of lumber. Based on many factors

that affect the floor performance such as TJI joist series, depth, spacing, location of partitions on floor

and bearing conditions, it is designed as a TJI 110 series, TJI 210 series, TJI 230 series, TJI 360 series, or a

TJI 560 series. Table 1 shows the difference in weight, maximum moment resistant, maximum vertical

shear and price for each type of TJI series.

Depth TJI series

Joist Weight (lbs/ft)

Maximum Resistive Moment (ft-lbs)

Maximum Vertical Shear (lbs)

Price Floor joist $/ft

11 7/8

110 2.5

5,255 2,460 2.55

230 3.0

7,010 2,610 3.45

360 3.0

10,280 2,690 4.50

560 4.0

15,795 3,235 6.90

Table 1: TJI Joist Specifications Source: [1, 2]

Beams Other Trus-Joist engineered wood products such as Microllam LVL, TimberStrand LSL and Parallam PSL

are chosen for the beams in the floor system. Microllam Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) is a layered

4



composite of wood veneers and adhesive. LVL is mainly used as structural framing for residential and

commercial construction. To reduce handling of heavy beams, LVL can be site built in wider beams

nailing or bolting. Popular applications include beams, headers, columns, joists, studs, and truss chords.

Laminated Strand Lumber (LSL) is made from flaked wood strands. It used in variety of applications from

studs to millwork components. LVL can be particularly useful for vertical members in commercial

applications. Parallel Strand Lumber (PSL) is a high strength structural composite lumber product

manufactured from veneers clipped into long strands laid in parallel formation and bonded together

under pressure. Like LVL and LSL, PSL is well suited for use as beams and columns for post and beam

construction, and header applications where high bending strength is needed. PSL also has a unique

grain that is perfect for applications where beams are exposed. Table 2 shows the design properties of

LVL, LSL, and PSL beams along with the beam weight, depth and width, maximum moment resistance

and maximum vertical shear.

Microllam LVL Timberstrand LSL Parallam PSL

Size (width) 1 ¾” 1 ¾” or 3 ½” 1 ¾”, 3 ½”, 5 ¼”, or 7”

Cost Most economical Midrange Most expensive

Strength Mr Up to 14,845 ft.-lbs. Up to 26,525 ft.-lbs. Up to 66,215 ft.-lbs.

Vr Up to 6,610 lbs. Up to 14,340 lbs. Up to 26,935 lbs. Table 2: Beam Specifications Source: [2]

Methodology This section explains the design process that is followed in JATE’s design. It includes an explanation of

the different software used and the assumptions made with the software, as well as an explanation of

the manual calculations completed.

Architectural Drawings In order to begin the structural design process, JATE first received architectural drawings from JATE’s

industry contact Mark Dann at Akx Lumber. The architectural drawings contained information about

where beams and bearing walls were located, but gave us no information on what products were used

in each location, or the direction the joists span. Figures 2 and 3 show the Main and Upper floor

drawings our design was based on.

5



Figure 2: Architectural Drawings- Main Floor Source: [4]

6



Figure 3: Architectural Drawings- Upper Floor Source: [4]

7



Forte Software Once the JATE team determined where joists, beams and bearing walls would be located we then

selected products to be used in each location. Products for the beams and joists were selected using

Forte® v4.6 design software by Weyerhaeuser. Forte® is a program which aids the user in selecting

various structural products produced by Weyerhaeuser. Products were selected based on passing

minimum resistive moment, shear force, deflection and vibration. In order to keep costs at their lowest

the lightest product to satisfy these criteria was selected for each application.

Forte Assumptions

While performing design using the Forte software, there were various design constants we used for

consistency in our results. First, out-to-out measurements were used for the joist and beam lengths.

Bearing lengths were assumed as 104mm over exterior walls, 144mm over bearing walls, and 89mm on

hangers.

Another assumption that was made was to avoid the use of blocking to decrease floor vibration. In

order to decrease vibration without the use of blocking, JATE designed using 1-1/8” sheathing on the

joists instead of the 23/32” sheathing as used by Akx Lumber Ltd. This pricing difference of the

sheathing is included in the comparison. The sheathing was also assumed to be glued and nailed. The

gypsum sealing was excluded as a factor in the JATE design process.

The design loads that are inputted into Forte are consistent with industry standards in residential

construction. A dead load of 15PSI [5] is converted to 0.57 kN/m2 and input into each design. A live load

of 1.9kN/m2 is used, stated in Division B 4.1.5.3 of the National Building Code of Canada [6]. These are

also used in the Design Manual Calculations which are completed to verify the Forte results.

The maximum allowable deflections are held constant as well. The maximum allowable total load

deflection was set to L/240 and a maximum live load deflection of L/360. These maximums are common

to the design manual verification.

TJ-Pro Rating Vibration

Traditionally, floor rating was established only on live load deflection. Vibration in floors depends on

multiple factors, not just deflection. When one walks perpendicular to floor joists in a typical residential

home, they transfer force through the sheathing, deflecting the joist. When the person walking transfers

their weight on their next foot stepping forward they deflect the next joist and the other pushes back up

into its original position. As one continues to walk across the floor a wave effect is caused by the

continuous transfer of forces. This causes vibration in the floor, which can lead to dissatisfied customers.

This effect is illustrated in Figure 4.

8



Figure 4: Floor Vibration Source: [Primary]

TJ-Pro Rating is a floor vibration rating system which has been incorporated into Forte and other

structural design programs such as Javelin®.

Factors which affect a floor’s TJ-Pro Rating are joist size, spacing, and depth.[5] To help quantify the TJ-

Pro rating, Figure 5 shows the percentage of customers satisfied with floors at different rating.

Figure 5: TJ-Pro Rating Vibration Source: [7]

The JATE design used a minimum TJ-Pro Rating of 45 when selecting joists. The TJ-Pro rating is often

taken as an average for an entire floor system to give it an overall vibration performance rating.

Design Manual Calculations The first step of designing joists and beams is finding the strengths of each joist or beam. To do this, we

use formulas from the Canadian Standards Association in the Canadian Wood Design Manual and

calculate them using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet.

9



To find the strengths of each beam, we used an Excel spreadsheet. First, Equation 1 and Equation 2 were

used to calculate the moment resistance, Mr. Next, the shear resistance is calculated using Equation 3

and Equation 4. Since each of the beams has different dimensions and properties, this process is

repeated for each type of beam.

Equation 1: Where:

= factor of safety = 0.9 S = section modulus (mm3) =

KZb = size factor KL = lateral stability factor

Equation 2: Where: fb = specified strength (MPa) KD = load duration factor KH = system factor KSb = service condition factor KT = treatment factor

Equation 3:

Where: = factor of safety = 0.9 AN = cross-sectional area (mm2) KZv = size factor

Equation 4: Where: fv = specified strength (MPa) KSv = service condition factor

Next, the factored line loads for each beam and joist are calculated using Equations 5 and 6. Using these

loads, the factored moment and shear values can be calculated using Equations 7 and 8.

Equation 5:

Where: D = dead load (kPa), L = live load (kPa)

Equation 6:

Equation 7:

Equation 8:

The second part of the hand calculation process checks the deflection against the deflection limits.

There are two different limits set: the first limit is for the deflection caused by the total unfactored load,

and the second limit is for deflection caused by only the unfactored live load. The first deflection limit is

10



equal to the span length divided by 240 (L/240), and the second limit is equal to L/360. Once the limits

are calculated, the actual deflections of the beams (Δ) are calculated using Equation 9 and Equation 10.

Equation 9:

Where: Δ = deflection (mm) w = unfactored total or live load Es = factored modulus of elasticity I = moment of inertia

Equation 10: Where: E = modulus of elasticity KSE = service condition factor

The joists require a different calculation for simple span joists. Engineered TJI joists experience shear

deflection at the bearing location which must be added to the moment deflection. Equation 11 includes

deflection experienced at the supports. Weyerhaeuser tested 110, 210, 230, 360 joists to derive the

equation. The units are left in imperial because of the complexity of the equation. [2]

Equation 11:

Where: Δ = deflection (in) w = unfactored total or live load (lbs/ft)

L= Span (ft) d= out-to-out depth (11- 7/8” for all) EI= modulus of elasticity x moment of inertia factor (from “Design

Properties” Table (lbs·in2)

Vibration in the floor was not checked with any hand calculation. The calculation is far too complex to

verify by hand calculations. As it is not a structurally integral factor, the Canadian Wood Design Council

does not include a calculation in the Code Book.

Forte does not include bearing wall design options. As a result the bearing walls which were required for

the JATE design were selected using resistive calculations in Equation 12 from Clause 5.5.6.2.3 of

Canadian Wood Design Council Design Manual. [8]

Equation 12:

Where: = Factored compressive resistance (kN) = 0.8

= fc(KDKHKScKT) (MPa) A= Cross Sectional Area (mm2) Slenderness factor

11



A post was required in the basement of the JATE design. This post was selected based on the factored

shear force on the post. Once the shear force was known a post was selected based on length and

STEMCO Inc. design tables. [9]

Some beams in the flooring systems experienced complex load pattern. These beams could not have

the factored shear force or moment calculated using the simple span formulas. In order to overcome

this obstacle we used SAFI 3D Structural Design Software v6.5.1. This software calculated the factored

shear force and moment based on the loads we input

JATE Design Upon reviewing the architectural drawings the JATE team selects a joist layout pattern for each floor.

The location and direction of the joists determines the beams and bearing wall location. It is desirable

for construction purposes to run joists in the same direction, and at a constant spacing. These guidelines

were relaxed in an attempt to improve performance and lower costs.

Supporting Main Floor Minimal modifications are made to the main floor layout. The post supporting the large beam was

moved to under the point load from the bearing wall above. This is done to attempt and minimize the

moment occurring in the long spanning beam. The pad footing is also moved under the post in order to

more efficiently transfer the load to the soil.

12



Joists

With these modifications made to the main floor design JATE began selecting joists for the various areas.

These areas are illustrated in Figure 6. More detailed calculations are shown in Appendix B.

Figure 6: Main Floor Joist Areas Source: Primary

Now that we have these areas we can select joists based on the Forte results. The appropriote out-to-

out span and bearing lengths are input for each area. The lightes product to pass the Forte test for

resistive moment, shear resistance, deflection and vibration is selected for that area.

These results are then verified to pass all CSA requirements using the formulas from the Canadian Wood

Design Handbook, and Microsoft Excel to perform the calculations (excluding checking vibration). Simple

span formulas are used to calculate the Mf and Vf for each span. An appropriate joist is selected based

on selecting a joist with Mr and Vr greater than Mf and Vf. The resistive values for the available floor joists

is illustrated in Table 3.

13



TJI Series 110 230 360 560

Flange Size in. 1 3/4 x 1 3/8 2 5/16 x 1 3/8 2 5/16 x 1 3/8 3 1/2 x 1 3/8

Strength Mr ft-lbs 5,255 7,010 10,280 15,795

Vr lbs 2,460 2,610 2,690 3,235 Table 3: Comparison of Joist Types Source: [2]

The deflection of each is calculated using the formula provided by Weyerhaeuser, and checked against

the maximum deflection described in the methodology.

Section M-A

Section M-A supports the kitchen and living room area. It is supported over the west foundation wall

and above a beam. This is the longest spanning joist section in the design, making it most vulnerable to

vibration. The 560 series joists could be placed at 19.2” on-centre and be acceptable in this area. In an

effort to reduce costs, 360 series were placed at a narrower 16” on-centre. The details of the joist

selection are shown below.

Summary Units

Length 20' 2-3/4" ft-in

Series 360

Spacing 16 In

Number 21

Tot. Length 424.81 Ft Table 4: Summary- Joists Section M-A Source: [Primary]

Forte® 4.6 Software Solution

Below is a summary of the results from the Forte software

Table 5: Forte Solution- Joists Section M-A Source: [Primary]

Design Manual Solution

Below is a summary of the verifying that the Forte Software meets CSA standards.

14



Strength

Joist Series Vr (kN) Vf (kN) Mr (kN-m) Mf (kN-m)

360 11.97 > 4.47 13.94 > 6.89 Table 6: Joist Strength- Section M-A Source: [Primary]

Performance

Deflection Check (mm)

Tot Δ= 20.79

Max Tot 25.69

Live Δ= 16.00

Max Live 17.13 Table 7: Joist Deflection- Section M-A Source: [Primary]

Section M-B

Section M-B supports the flex room and west portion of the front entry. It is supported by a beam on

the west side, and by a beam and bearing wall on the east side (varies). The length is constant through

the bearing change. A summary of the results is shown below.

Summary Units

Length 17'5-1/4" ft-in

Series 230

Spacing 19.2 In

Number 13

Tot. Length 209.28 Ft Table 8: Summary- Joists Section M-B Source: [Primary]


Below is a summary of the Forte software results for Section M-B.

Table 9: Forte Solution- Joists Section M-B Source: [Primary]



15



Strength


230 11.97 > 4.62405 9.5 > 6.14 Table 10: Joist Strength- Section M-B Source: [Primary]

Performance


Tot Δ= 14.02 Max Tot 14.77 Live Δ= 10.78 Max Live 22.15

Table 11: Joist Deflection-Section M-B Source: [Primary]

Section M-C

Section M-C supports the remainder of the entry way. It is supported by a beam on the west end and

the foundation wall on the east end. A summary of the results is shown below.

Summary Units

Length 6'-4" ft-in

Series 110

Spacing 19.2 In

Number 8

Tot. Length 53.336 Ft Table 12: Summary- Joists Section M-C Source: [Primary]


Below is a summary of the Forte software results for section M-C.

Table 13: Forte Solution- Section M-C Source: [Primary]



16



Strength


110 10.94 > 1.68 7.12 > 0.81 Table 14: Joist Strength- Section M-C Source: [Primary]

Performance



Table 15: Joist Deflection- Section M-C Source: [Primary]

Section M-D

Section M-D supports the remainder of the east end of the kitchen. It is supported by a beam on the

west side and a bearing wall on the east side. A summary of the selection is shown below.

Summary Units


Series 360

Spacing 19.2 In

Number 6

Tot. Length 22.752 Ft Table 16: Summary- Joists Section M-D Source: [Primary]


Below is a summary of the Forte software results for Section M-D

Table 17: Forte Solution- Joists Section M-D Source: [Primary]



17



Strength


230 10.94 > 1.01 7.12 > 0.29 Table 18: Joist Strength- Section M-D Source: [Primary]

Performance



Table 19: Joist Deflection- Section M-D Source: [Primary]

Section M-E

Section M-E supports the washroom. It should be noted that the exact location of the toilet is unknown

to JATE. The drain from the toilet must be noted to avoid cutting joists. It is supported by a bearing wall

on the west side and the foundation wall on the east side. A summary of the selection is shown below.

Summary Units


Series 110

Spacing 19.2 In

Number 6

Tot. Length 34.752 Ft Table 20- Summary- Joists Section M-E Source: [Primary]


Below is a summary of the Forte software results for section M-E.

Table 21: Forte Solution- Section M-E Source: [Primary]



18



Strength


230 11.94 > 1.54 7.12 > 0.68 Table 22: Joist Strength- Section M-E Source: [Primary]

Performance



Table 23: Joist Deflection- Section M-E Source: [Primary]

Beams

This house’s design uses beams made by Weyerhaeuser, the same manufacturer as the floor joists. This

results in an easier material procurement process and less delivery costs. Weyerhaeuser manufactures

three different types of beams: Microllam LVL (laminated veneer lumber), Timberstrand LSL (laminated

strand lumber), and Parallam PSL (parallel strand lumber) beams. A comparison is shown in Table 4. LVL

beams are the smallest and least strong, but are the most economical beams. PSL beams are the

strongest beams, but are also the most expensive beams. LSL beams are a midrange beam, with

strengths and costs between LVL and PSL beams. [3]

Microllam LVL Timberstrand LSL Parallam PSL

Size (width) 1 ¾” 1 ¾” or 3 ½” 1 ¾”, 3 ½”, 5 ¼”, or 7”

Cost Most economical Midrange Most expensive

Strength Mr Up to 14,845 ft.-lbs. Up to 26,525 ft.-lbs. Up to 66,215 ft.-lbs.

Vr Up to 6,610 lbs. Up to 14,340 lbs. Up to 26,935 lbs. Table 24: Beam Comparison Source: [2]

The architect of this house decided to use all flush beams in the house, opposed to using drop beams.

Using flush beams improves the aesthetics of the house by creating flat ceilings, but also makes

structural designing more difficult. When using flush beams, the designer must consider where the

heating ducts in the house will be placed. A heating duct can go through floor joists by drilling a hole

and passing the duct through the hole. Due to the large loads on beams however, a hole this size is not

structurally feasible in beams. A heating duct could be placed in a bulkhead that drops below the beam,

but this is impacts the aesthetics of the house. The best floor design does not have any places where a

heating duct intersects a beam, eliminating the need for drilling holes in the beam or placing any

bulkheads for the heating system, maintaining the aesthetics and the structural capacity of the house.

The use of flush beams also reduces the number of beams that can be used. To create a flat ceiling, the

beams have to be the same depth as the joists. This means all of the beams used must be 11 ⅞” deep.

More detailed calculations are shown in Appendices A and C.

19



Beam MB-1

This simple span beam spans from foundation wall to foundation wall, and supports the main floor joists

M-B and M-C. Because it is simply supported, it can be designed using the Excel spreadsheet as

described in the Methodology section.

For this beam, a Microllam LVL 1-¾” beam is chosen to be used.


Table 25: Forte Solution- Beam MB-1 Source: [Primary]


Mr & Vr Mf Mr Vf Vr

kN-m kN-m kN kN

LVL 1-3/4" 11.354 19.666 17.192 28.765 OK

LSL 1-3/4" 11.360 17.579 17.202 31.209 OK

3-1/2" 11.463 38.750 17.358 68.797 OK

PSL 1-3/4" 11.360 21.937 17.202 29.310 OK

3-1/2" 11.463 48.358 17.358 64.609 OK

5-1/4" 11.567 72.538 17.515 96.914 OK

7" 11.670 96.717 17.672 129.218 OK Table 26: Moment and Shear- Beam MB-1 Source: [Primary]

Δtotal Δ-TL Δ-LL

mm mm

LVL 1-3/4" 4.088 3.113 OK

LSL 1-3/4" 5.278 4.017 OK

3-1/2" 2.667 2.009 OK

PSL 1-3/4" 4.545 3.459 OK

3-1/2" 2.296 1.730 OK

5-1/4" 1.547 1.153 OK

20



Table 28: Beam MB-1 Deflection Source: [Primary]

Beam MB-2 (Big Basement Beam)

The big beam supporting the main floor spans from one foundation wall to the other, with a post

supporting it in the middle. On the architectural drawings, this post is positioned adjacent to the post at

the bottom of the stairs. However, it was decided to move the post and its pad footing to another

position that would reduce the load on the beam, which in turn reduces the size and cost of the beam.

There are two point loads on the beam coming from the floor above: one coming from the end of beam

UB-1, and the second coming from the end of beam UB-3. The post is positioned as close to mid-span as

possible to reduce the span lengths of the beam, so the post is positioned underneath the point load

from beam U-3. This beam has two different spans with different loads, so each span was designed

separately. This section focusses on designing the span from the post to the foundation wall on the side

away from the stairs.

This beam is simply supported so the same Excel spreadsheet can be used to design the beam. This

beam supports the joists M-A and M-B, the line load from the bearing wall above, as well as the point

load from the beam U-1. Due to the added point load, the factored moment and shear values are equal

to the sum of the values as calculated before from the line load plus the values from the point load. The

moment and shear values are calculated using Equations 12 and 13. The deflection values also must

include the deflection due to the point load, as calculated in Equation 14.

Equation 12:

Equation 13:

Equation 14:

Where: P = point load (N), a = distance from left support to point load (mm)

b = distance from right support to point load (mm)

When designing the beam, the 11-7/8” deep beams were not strong enough, so the beam depth is

increased to 14” deep. For this beam, a Parallam PSL 7” x 14” beam is chosen to be used.

7" 1.172 0.865 OK Deflection Limits

Total L/240 = 11.01 mm

Live L/360 = 7.34 mm

Table 27: Beam MB-1 Deflection Limits Source: [Primary]

21






Mr & Vr Mf max Mr Vf max Vr

kN-m kN-m kN kN

LVL (11-7/8" deep) 1-3/4" 80.217 19.666 83.625 28.765 FAILS

LSL (11-7/8" deep) 1-3/4" 80.231 17.579 83.639 31.209 FAILS

3-1/2" 80.461 38.750 83.873 68.797 FAILS

PSL (11-7/8" deep) 1-3/4" 80.231 21.937 83.639 29.310 FAILS

3-1/2" 80.461 48.358 83.873 64.609 FAILS

5-1/4" 80.691 72.538 84.106 96.914 FAILS

7" 80.921 96.717 84.340 129.218 OK

PSL (14" deep) 5-1/4" 80.815 91.474 84.232 103.663 OK

7" 81.083 121.965 84.505 138.217 OK Table 30: Moment and Shear- Beam MB-2 Source: [Primary]

Δtotal Δ-TL Δ-LL

mm mm

LVL (11-7/8" deep) 1-3/4" 62.92 48.99 FAILS

LSL (11-7/8" deep)

1-3/4" 81.20 63.21 FAILS

3-1/2" 40.74 31.60 FAILS

PSL (11-7/8" deep)

1-3/4" 69.92 54.43 FAILS

3-1/2" 35.08 27.21 FAILS

5-1/4" 23.46 18.14 FAILS

7" 17.66 13.61 FAILS

PSL (14" deep)

5-1/4" 14.35 11.07 FAILS

7" 10.80 8.30 OK

Table 31: Beam MB-2 Deflection Source: [Primary]

22



Beam MB-3

This beam is a simple span beam which spans from the post to the foundation wall near the stairs. This

beam is designed using the simple span Excel spreadsheet, with a TimberStrand LSL 3-1/2” beam being

chosen.




Mr & Vr Mf Mr Vf Vr

kN-m kN-m kN kN

LVL 1-3/4" 25.973 19.666 26.051 28.765 FAILS

LSL 1-3/4" 25.987 17.579 26.065 31.209 FAILS

3-1/2" 26.223 38.750 26.302 68.797 OK

PSL

1-3/4" 25.987 21.937 26.065 29.310 FAILS

3-1/2" 26.223 48.358 26.302 64.609 OK

5-1/4" 26.458 72.538 26.538 96.914 OK

7" 26.694 96.717 26.775 129.218 OK

Deflection Limits

Total L/240 = 16.40 mm

Live L/360 = 10.94 mm


Table 34: Moment and Shear- Beam MB-3 Source: [Primary]

23



Δtotal Δ-TL Δ-LL

mm mm

LVL 1-3/4" 21.312 16.233 FAILS

LSL 1-3/4" 27.517 20.946 FAILS

3-1/2" 13.902 10.473 OK

PSL

1-3/4" 23.695 18.037 FAILS

3-1/2" 11.971 9.018 OK

5-1/4" 8.063 6.012 OK

7" 6.110 4.509 OK Table 36: Beam MB-3 Deflection Source: [Primary]

Bearing Walls

The JATE design contains bearing walls which are used to transfer vertical loads from joists and beams to

the foundation below. The factored axial load in compression strength of the bearing wall is dependent

on the size of the members used, the spacing of studs, and the height of the member. SPF No. 2 or

better was used for the design.

Two of these bearing walls are supporting the joist areas M-D and M-E, along the staircase. For

construction purposes these walls will be kept similar, therefore only the more critical of the two cases

is designed. The equations can be found in the methodology section. Full calculations can be found in

Appendix F. Table 37 illustrates the members selected and the resistive strength and factored forces.

Member size Spacing Pr (kN) Pf (kN)

2” x 4” 24” o/c 9.63 > 3.30 Table 37: Bearing Wall- Main Floor Source: [Primary}

Steel Post

A steel post is also used to transfer vertical forces. The post aids to support MB-2. The post was selected

from Stem-Co telescoping posts based on the height and vertical loading on the post. The loading on

the post is found in the SAFI results from BM-1. Using the product design ratings provided by STEM-CO

the lightest post to satisfy this loading is selected. In this case a STM2-8.5 post is selected. [9] These

values are shown in Table 38. Full calculations are shown in Appendix G.

Post Selected Pr (kN) > Pf (kN)

STM2-8.5 45,000lbs > 33,416 lbs Table 38: JATE Post Design Source: [Primary, 9]

Deflection Limits

Total L/240 = 16.40 mm

Live L/360 = 10.94 mm


24



Supporting Second Floor The design process for the second floor is similar to the first floor. More modifications were made to the

layout of the second than the first. This increase in modifications allows for a greater chance of

improvement in the design.

The first modification made to the provided layout is to remove the large beam running east- west

supporting the upper floor. The reasoning for this modification is the assumption the joists run east-

west on the south side of the beam, and run north-south on the north side of the beam. This is an

undesirable location for the joists to change direction, as this would cause a straight “seam” in the

sheathing. A seam can cause the sheathing to turn up over time, creating a ridge in the floor.

Joists

The joists for the upper floor are selected as on the main floor. The areas for layout of the joists after

modification are illustrated in Figure 7. Full calculations for these joists are shown in Appendix D.

Figure 7: Upper Floor Joist Areas Source: [Primary]

25



Section U-A

Section U-A is the longest span on the second floor. It supports the master bedroom and bath. The joists

supported the bearing wall are marginally more critical. As with the other toilets the exact location is

unknown and would need to be accounted for to avoid conflict. The joists in this span are supported by

the exterior wall on the west end and a flush beam and bearing wall on the east end (varies). The length

of the joists does not change with the bearing. Therefore the results of the joists on the bearing wall are

excluded. A summary of the joists is shown below.

Summary Units

Length 20' ft-in

Series 360

Spacing 16 In

Number 21

Tot. Length 420 Ft Table 39: Summary- Joists Section U-A Source: [Primary]

Forte® 4.6 Software Solution (over bearing wall). More critical of two

Below is a summary of the Forte software results for section U-A.

Table 40: Forte Solution- Joists Section U-A Source: [Primary]



26



Strength


360 11.97 > 4.42 9.5 > 6.74 Table 41: Joist Strength- Section U-A Source: [Primary]

Performance


Tot Δ= 19.91

Max Tot 25.4

Live Δ= 15.32

Max Live 16.93 Table 42: Joist Deflection- Section U-A Source: [Primary]

Section U-B

Section U-B joists run north-south and supports the master closet. They are supported on the north end

by the exterior wall and on the south side by a flush beam. A summary of the joists is shown below.

Summary Units

Length 9'7" ft-in

Series 110

Spacing 19.2 In

Number 2

Tot. Length 19.166 Ft Table 43: Summary- Joists Section U-B Source: [Primary]


Below is a summary of the Forte software results for section U-B.

Table 44: Forte Solution- Section U-B Source: [Primary]



27



Strength


110 10.94 > 2.54 7.12 > 1.86 Table 45: Joist Strength- Section U-B Source: [Primary]

Performance


Tot Δ= 1.92

Max Tot 12.17

Live Δ= 1.48

Max Live 8.11 Table 46: Joist Deflection- Section U-B Source: [Primary]

Section U-C

Section U-C supports a washroom. With the joists running north-south the toilet location should not be

an issue with the location of the joists. They are supported on the north end by the exterior wall and on

the south side by a flush beam. A summary of the joists is shown below.

Summary Units

Length 9' 7" ft-in

Series 110

Spacing 19.2 In

Number 4

Tot. Length 38.332 Ft Table 47: Summary- Joists Section U-C Source: [Primary]


Below is a summary of the Forte software results for section U-C.

Table 48: Forte Solution- Section U-C Source: [Primary]



28



Strength


110 10.94 > 2.54 7.12 > 1.86 Table 49: Joist Strength- Section U-C Source: [Primary]

Performance



Table 50: Joist Deflection- Section U-A Source: [Primary]

Section U-D

Section U-D supports the bonus room above the garage. The joists are supported on the north and

south ends by the exterior wall. A summary of the joists is shown below.

Summary Units

Length 20' ft-in

Series 360

Spacing 19.2 In

Number 11

Tot. Length 220 Ft Table 51: Summary- Joists Section U-D Source: [Primary]


Below is a summary of the Forte software results for section U-D.

Table 52: Forte Solution- Section U-D Source: [Primary]



29



Strength


360 11.97 > 5.30 9.5 > 8.08 Table 53: Joist Strength- Section U-D Source: [Primary]

Performance



Table 54: Joist Deflection- Section U-D Source: [Primary]

Section U-E

Section U-E supports bedroom areas. The joists are supported on the north end by a flush beam and

south ends by the exterior wall. A summary of the joists is shown below.

Summary Units

Length 10’ ft-in

Series 360

Spacing 19.2 In

Number 15

Tot. Length 150 Ft Table 55: Summary- Joists Section U-E Source: [Primary]


Below is a summary of the Forte software results for section U-E.

Table 56: Forte Solution- Section U-E Source: [Primary]



30



Strength


110 10.94 > 2.65 7.12 > 2.02 Table 57: Joist Strength- Section U-E Source: [Primary]

Performance



Table 58: Joist Deflection- Section U-E Source: [Primary]

Section U-F

Section U-F supports the upper hallway. The joists are supported on the north and south ends by flush

beams. A summary of the joists is shown below.

Summary Units

Length 7' ft-in

Series 360

Spacing 19.2 In

Number 12

Tot. Length 84 Ft Table 59: Summary- Joist Section U-F Source: [Primary]


Below is a summary of the Forte software results for section U-F.

Table 60: Forte Solution- Section U-F Source: [Primary]



31



Strength


110 10.94 > 1.86 7.12 > 0.99 Table 61: Joist Strength- Section U-F Source: [Primary]

Performance



Table 62: Joist Deflection- Section U-F Source: [Primary]

Beams

Shown in this section are the results of our design of the beams supporting the upper floor. Full

calculations are shown in Appendix E.

Beam UB-1

This simple span beam spans from an exterior wall to the bearing wall, spanning over the entry and the

flex room. It is designed using Excel, with a Parallam 5-1/4” beam being chosen.


Table 63: Forte Solution- Beam UB-1 Source: [Primary]


Mr & Vr Mf Mr Vf Vr

kN-m kN-m kN kN

LVL 1-3/4" 34.078 19.666 24.676 28.765 FAILS

LSL 1-3/4" 34.105 17.579 24.696 31.209 FAILS

3-1/2" 34.558 38.750 25.023 68.797 OK

PSL 1-3/4" 34.105 21.937 24.696 29.310 FAILS

3-1/2" 34.558 48.358 25.023 64.609 OK

5-1/4" 35.010 72.538 25.351 96.914 OK

7" 35.462 96.717 25.678 129.218 OK Table 64: Moment and Shear- Beam UB-1 Source: [Primary]

32



Beam UB-2

This simple span beam spans from an exterior wall to the UB-3 beam. On one side of the beam, it

supports the U-MID joists. On the other side, it supports two joists U-B and U-C along part of its length

as well as the stairs. Due to its complexity, the moment and shear values were calculated using SAFI

software. Deflection was calculated by hand, where the total deflection equals the sum of the deflection

from the U-MID joists, the deflection from joists U-B and U-C (Equation 15), and the deflection due to

the stairs (Equation 16)

Equation 15:

Equation 16:



Δtotal Δ-TL Δ-LL

mm mm

LVL 1-3/4" 53.69 40.70 FAILS

LSL 1-3/4" 69.34 52.52 FAILS

3-1/2" 35.20 26.26 FAILS

PSL 1-3/4" 59.71 45.23 FAILS

3-1/2" 30.31 22.61 FAILS

5-1/4" 20.51 15.08 OK

7" 15.61 11.31 OK

Deflection Limits

Total L/240 = 23.02 mm

Live L/360 = 15.34 mm

Table 66: Beam UB-1 Deflection Limits Source: [Primary]

Table 65: Beam UB-1 Deflection Source: [Primary]

33





kN-m kN-m kN kN

LVL 1-3/4" 24.960 19.666 20.440 28.765 FAILS

LSL 1-3/4" 24.990 17.579 20.460 31.209 FAILS

3-1/2" 25.430 38.750 20.790 68.797 OK

PSL 1-3/4" 24.990 21.937 20.460 29.310 FAILS

3-1/2" 25.430 48.358 20.790 64.609 OK

5-1/4" 25.880 72.538 21.110 96.914 OK

7" 26.320 96.717 21.440 129.218 OK

Beam UB-3

This simple span beam spans from an exterior wall to the bearing wall. It supports the U-A joists as well

as beam UB-2. Its moment, shear and deflection values are calculated using the same Excel spreadsheet

as Beam MB-2. A Parallam 7” beam is used here.



Δtotal Δtotal- TOTAL Δtotal- LIVE

mm mm

LVL 1-3/4" 38.87 29.33 FAILS

LSL 1-3/4" 50.23 37.85 FAILS

3-1/2" 25.64 18.92 FAILS

PSL 1-3/4" 43.25 32.59 FAILS

3-1/2" 22.08 16.29 FAILS

5-1/4" 15.02 10.86 OK

7" 11.49 8.15 OK

Deflection Limits

Total L/240 = 22.96 mm

Live L/360 = 15.31 mm

Table 68: Moment and Shear- Beam UB-2 Source: [Primary]



34





kN-m kN-m kN kN

LVL 1-3/4" 33.840 19.666 37.590 28.765 FAILS

LSL 1-3/4" 33.850 17.579 37.610 31.209 FAILS

3-1/2" 34.070 38.750 37.840 68.797 OK

PSL 1-3/4" 33.850 21.937 37.610 29.310 FAILS

3-1/2" 34.070 48.358 37.840 64.609 OK

5-1/4" 34.290 72.538 38.080 96.914 OK

7" 34.520 96.717 38.310 129.218 OK

Beam UB-4

This simply supported beam spans from one garage wall to the other. It supports the exterior wall of the

bonus room as well as part of the upper roof and part of the roof over the garage door. Using Excel, a

Parallam PSL 5-1/4” beam is chosen.



Deflection Limits

Total L/240 = 16.62 mm

Live L/360 = 9.44 mm

Δtotal Δ-TL Δ-LL

mm mm

LVL 1-3/4" 35.90 30.00 FAILS

LSL 1-3/4" 46.34 38.71 FAILS

3-1/2" 23.37 19.35 FAILS

PSL 1-3/4" 39.90 33.33 FAILS

3-1/2" 20.12 16.66 FAILS

5-1/4" 13.53 11.11 FAILS

7" 10.23 8.33 OK




35




Mr & Vr Mf Mr Vf Vr

kN-m kN-m kN kN

LVL 1-3/4" 23.743 19.666 15.579 28.765 FAILS

LSL 1-3/4" 23.777 17.579 15.601 31.209 FAILS

3-1/2" 24.327 38.750 15.963 68.797 OK

PSL 1-3/4" 23.777 21.937 15.601 29.310 FAILS

3-1/2" 24.327 48.358 15.963 64.609 OK

5-1/4" 24.878 72.538 16.324 96.914 OK

7" 25.429 96.717 16.686 129.218 OK

Deflection Limits

Total L/240 = 25.40 mm

Live L/360 = 16.93 mm


Beam UB-5

This simply supported beam spans over the garage door, and supports part of the roof over the garage

door. Using Excel, a Microllam LVL 1-3/4” beam is used.


Table 79: Forte Solution: Beam UB-5 Source: [Primary]

Δtotal Δ-TL Δ-LL

mm mm

LVL 1-3/4" 47.44 22.30 FAILS

LSL 1-3/4" 61.31 28.77 FAILS

3-1/2" 31.44 14.38 FAILS

PSL 1-3/4" 52.79 24.77 FAILS

3-1/2" 27.07 12.39 FAILS

5-1/4" 18.50 8.26 OK

7" 14.21 6.19 OK



36




Mr & Vr Mf Mr Vf Vr

kN-m kN-m kN kN

LVL 1-3/4" 7.078 19.666 5.716 28.765 OK

LSL 1-3/4" 7.100 17.579 5.734 31.209 OK

3-1/2" 7.464 38.750 6.028 68.797 OK

PSL 1-3/4" 7.100 21.937 5.734 29.310 OK

3-1/2" 7.464 48.358 6.028 64.609 OK

5-1/4" 7.827 72.538 6.321 96.914 OK


Deflection Limits

Total L/240 = 20.64 mm

Live L/360 = 13.76 mm Table 81: Beam UB-5 Deflection Limits Source: [Primary]


Beam UB-6

This simply supported beam spans from the exterior garage wall to a post, spanning over the porch. It

supports part of the roof over the front door. Using Excel, a Microllam LVL 1-3/4” beam is selected.


Table 83: Forte Solution: Beam UB-6 Source: [Primary]

Δtotal Δ-TL Δ-LL

mm mm

LVL 1-3/4" 8.93 6.97 OK

LSL 1-3/4" 11.56 9.00 OK

3-1/2" 6.12 4.50 OK

PSL 1-3/4" 9.96 7.75 OK

3-1/2" 5.27 3.87 OK

5-1/4" 3.71 2.58 OK

7" 2.93 1.94 OK

37




Mr & Vr Mf Mr Vf Vr

kN-m kN-m kN kN

LVL 1-3/4" 2.680 19.666 3.517 28.765 OK

LSL 1-3/4" 2.689 17.579 3.529 31.209 OK

3-1/2" 2.826 38.750 3.709 68.797 OK

PSL 1-3/4" 2.689 21.937 3.529 29.310 OK

3-1/2" 2.826 48.358 3.709 64.609 OK

5-1/4" 2.964 72.538 3.890 96.914 OK


Deflection Limits

Total L/240 = 12.70 mm

Live L/360 = 8.47 mm Table 85: Beam UB-6 Deflection Limits Source: [Primary]


Bearing Wall

There is one bearing wall supporting the second floor. This bearing wall requires the assistance of SAFI

to design because of the complex loading of the beams as well as the joists. The SAFI report and

calculations can be found in Appendix F

Member size Spacing Pr (kN) > Pf (kN)

2”x6” 0.488m 29.5 > 10.58 Table 87: Bearing Wall- Upper Floor Source: [Primary]

JATE Drawings Once each of the building elements were designed, they were put together in a drawing made on

AutoCAD. Figures 8 and 9 show JATE’s final design drawings.

Δtotal Δ-TL Δ-LL

mm mm

LVL 1-3/4" 1.28 1.00 OK

LSL 1-3/4" 1.66 1.29 OK

3-1/2" 0.88 0.65 OK

PSL 1-3/4" 1.43 1.11 OK

3-1/2" 0.76 0.56 OK

5-1/4" 0.53 0.37 OK

7" 0.42 0.28 OK

38



Figure 8: JATE Main Floor Drawings Source: [Primary]

39



Figure 9: JATE Upper Floor Drawings Source: [Primary]

40



AKX Lumber Ltd. Design Once JATE’s design was complete, Akx Lumber Ltd. presented their drawings, which are shown in

Figures 10 and 11. Akx Lumber Ltd. designs their houses using a software called Javelin, which is a BIM

(building information modelling) software developed by Weyerhaeuser. This software requires the user

to draw the shape and size of the entire house, and then the software designs the floor system.

One large advantage of using Javelin software is that the house is designed as one single system. This is

compared to JATE’s method of designing each member separately. Floors work as a balloon system with

multiple, light-weight members working together as a whole. Floors should thus be designed as a

system, instead of designing each member separately. [10]

A second advantage that Javelin provides is the amount of time spent designing. A professional at Akx

Lumber Ltd. can design a house in 3-4 hours, compared to the dozens of hours spent by JATE members

designing.

Another advantage of using Javelin is the capacity to make changes and to compare members. If a

change needs to be made to one member, many other members may be affected and need redesigned.

Using JATE’s methodology, each affected member must be redesigned individually. This makes changes

and comparisons very difficult and time consuming. Javelin makes this process much easier and faster. If

one member is changed or a comparison is needed, Javelin can redesign the many members

automatically and quickly. This creates a much simpler design process, and the ease of comparing

different designs leads to more cost-effective and efficient designs.

41



Figure 10: Main Floor- Akx Lumber Design Source: [10]

42



Figure 11: Second Floor- Akx Lumber Design Source: [10]

43



Comparison Once both designs were complete, JATE compared the two designs. JATE’s design uses Forte Software to

design each floor member individually, which was checked by hand calculations. Akx Lumber Ltd.

Lumber uses Javelin to design the house, which designs the house as one balloon system.

In this section, JATE compares the layout, the cost, the floor performance, and the constructability of

the two designs.

Layout Differences To aid in the learning process for this project, the layouts of the floor systems are changed from the

original architectural drawings before the completion of JATE’s design. With Carlo Velcic’s help, the

position and orientation of the floor joists and beams are changed. The following sections explain the

differences made to the main and upper floor layouts.

Main Floor

The first thing that is different in the main floor system is the position of the post supporting the beams

MB-2 and MB-3. The post is adjacent to the bottom of the stairs in Akx Lumber Ltd.’s design, but it is

moved towards the middle of the span in JATE’s design. In JATE’s design, there is a point load coming

from beam UB-1, so the post is positioned under this load to decrease the amount of load on the beam.

This position also decreases the span length of the beam.

Another difference is around the stairs. JATE’s design uses two bearing walls along the sides of the

stairs, with a strip footing under each wall. JATE uses a double joist spanning east-west between the

bearing walls to support the weight of the stairs. Akx Lumber Ltd.’s design uses a beam instead of the

bearing wall BW-2 to support the M-D joists. This beam needs a post at one end complete with a pad

footing, and spans from this post to the foundation wall. On the other side of the stairs, Akx Lumber Ltd.

uses a joist to support the M-E joists. To support this joist and the stairs, Akx Lumber Ltd. uses another

joist that spans east-west from the post to the foundation wall.

Upper Floor

The biggest difference in layout for the upper floor system is the orientation of the joists. Akx Lumber

Ltd. uses joists running east-west, and JATE’s joists mostly run north-south, with one section running

east-west. This creates two very different layouts, with different joist spans and different beam

placement.

Over the great room, both Akx Lumber Ltd. and JATE span joists east-west from the exterior wall to the

bearing wall BW-1. Over the kitchen, the layouts differ. Akx Lumber Ltd. uses joists spanning east-west

from the exterior wall to a bearing wall next to the stairs. In the hallway where there are no bearing

walls, Akx Lumber Ltd. uses a two beam system to support the joists. In JATE’s design, there is a beam

running north-south from the bearing wall BW-1 to the exterior wall. The joists over the kitchen run

east-west and span from the exterior wall to this beam.

44



The rest of the upper floor system is very different. Akx uses joists running east-west, while JATE uses

joists running north-south. Akx Lumber Ltd.’s floor design uses two bearing walls and two beams in

total, whereas JATE uses only one bearing wall and three beams. Orienting all the joists in the same

direction results in Akx Lumber Ltd.’s design being easier to build, but it also uses joists that have longer

spans and therefore uses more expensive joists.

Cost One major component of a structural design is the cost of the design. An effective structural design

should be structurally safe, but should also be cost effective. In Table 88, the total cost of the floor

systems of each design are calculated. Each of the costs in the table are broken down in the following

sections.

This cost analysis does not represent the actual cost of either floor system. This uses costs found from a

variety of sources from many different locations which only serve as a comparison between the two

designs. If this floor was to be built in Calgary, local and actual prices would be used. This comparison

only looks at the relative difference in prices between the joists, beams, sheathing and concrete used. It

does not include differences in mechanical or plumbing costs, material waste, post or bearing wall costs,

or material procurement costs. Since labour differences will be minimal, labour costs are also not

included.

Item JATE Akx Lumber Ltd.

Joists Main Floor $ 2645.09 $ 3933.00

Upper Floor $ 3417.83 $ 7462.35

Beams Main Floor $ 480.52 $ 182.21

Upper Floor $ 1228.59 $ 275.58

Sheathing & Blocking $ 3039.84 $ 1054.32

Concrete $ 157.50 $ 148.20

Total Cost $ 10,969.37 $ 13,055.66 Table 88: Total Comparative Costs Source: [Primary]

Joists

The design areas for the main floor were the same for the JATE and Akx Lumber Ltd. designs, but joist

selection varied in areas. Tables 89 – 92 break down the cost of the joists for each design, which are

broken up into the two floor systems.

Main Floor JATE Akx Lumber Ltd.

TJI Series

Unit Cost $/ft

Total Length ft.

Material Cost

110 2.55 75.92 $ 193.60

230 3.45 209.25 $ 721.91

360 4.50 384.35 $ 1729.58

560 6.90 0.00 $ 0.00

Total $ 2,645.09

TJI Series Unit Cost $/ft

Total Length ft.

Material Cost

110 2.55 0.00 $ 0.00

230 3.45 108.00 $ 372.60

360 4.50 0.00 $ 0.00

560 6.90 516.00 $ 3560.40

Total $3,933.00

45



Table 89: JATE's Main Floor Joist Cost Source: [1]

Table 90: Akx' Main Floor Joist Cost Source: [1]

Upper Floor

JATE Akx Lumber Ltd.

TJI Series

Unit Cost $/ft

Total Length ft.

Material Cost

110 2.55 281.50 $ 717.83

230 3.45 0.00 $ 0.00

360 4.50 600.00 $ 2,700.00

560 6.90 0.00 $ 0.00

Total $ 3,417.83 Table 91: JATE's Upper Floor Joist Cost Source: [1]

TJI Series

Unit Cost $/ft

Total Length ft.

Material Cost

110 2.55 0.00 $0.00

230 3.45 121.00 $417.45

360 4.50 0.00 $0.00

560 6.90 1021.00 $7044.90

Total $7,462.35 Table 92: Akx' Upper Floor Joist Cost Source: [1]

Beams

Tables 93 – 96 break down the cost of the beams which support the main floor system for JATE’s design

and Akx Lumber Ltd.’s design.

Main Floor

JATE Akx

Beam Type Unit Cost

Total Length

Material Cost

Microllam LVL 1-3/4” x 11-7/8”

4.82 $/ft

8.58 ft.

$ 41.36

TimberStrand LSL

3-1/2” x 11-7/8”

9.72 $/ft

13.08 ft.

$ 127.14

Parallam PSL 5-1/4” x 14”

24.15 $/ft

12.92 ft.

$ 312.02

TOTAL COST $ 480.52 Table 93: JATE's Main Floor Beam Cost Source: [11, 12]

Akx Lumber Ltd.

Beam Type Unit Cost

Total Length

Material Cost

Microllam LVL

1-3/4” x 9”

3.18 $/ft

21 ft

$ 66.78

1-3/4” x 16”

6.79 $/ft

17 ft

$ 115.43

TOTAL COST $ 182.21

Table 94: Akx' Main Floor Beam Cost Source: [11, 12]

46



Upper Floor

JATE Akx

Beam Type Unit Cost

Total Length

Material Cost

Parallam PSL 3-1/2” x 11-7/8”

13.75 $/ft

31.16 ft.

$ 428.45

5-1/4” x 11-7/8”

20.99 $/ft

38.12 ft. $ 800.14

TOTAL COST $ 1,228.59 Table 95: JATE's Upper Floor Beam Cost Source: [11, 12]

Akx Lumber Ltd.

Beam Type Unit Cost

Total Length

Material Cost

Microllam LVL

1-3/4” x 11-7/8”

4.82 $/ft

29 ft

$ 139.78

1-3/4” x 16”

6.79 $/ft

20 ft

$ 135.80

TOTAL COST $ 275.58 Table 96: Akx' Upper Floor Beam Cost Source: [11, 12]

Floor Sheathing

In Akx Lumber Ltd.’s design, 23/32” OSB floor sheathing is used. This sheathing is too thin to prevent

floor vibrations, so Akx Lumber uses I-joists as blocking to increase the stability of the floor. JATE’s

design uses 1-1/8” thick floor sheathing. This thicker sheathing prevents floor vibration, so no blocking is

required in JATE’s design. The difference in price is outlined in Table 97.


Amount Unit Price Subtotal Price Amount Unit Price Subtotal Price

23/32” OSB Sheathing

0 0.36 $/ft2 $ 0.00 2111 ft2 0.36 $/ft2 $ 750.72

1-1/8” OSB Sheathing

2111 ft2 1.44 $/ft2 $ 3039.84 0 1.44 $/ft2 $ 0.00

Blocking 0 3.45 $/ft $ 0.00 88 ft. 3.45 $/ft $ 303.60

Total $ 3,039.84 $ 1,054.32 Table 97: Floor Sheathing Costs Source: [1, 13]

In addition to cost, the amount of labour required to construct the two floor systems varies. With Akx

Lumber Ltd.’s design, each piece of blocking must be cut and installed, while JATE’s design does not

require any blocking installation.

47



Concrete

Overall, the concrete foundation is very similar between the two designs. However, around the stairwell,

the layout changes. In JATE’s design, there is a strip footing under each stairwell wall, and one pad

footing under the main beam. In Akx Lumber Ltd.’s design, there are only two pad footings: one under

the beam and one under the corner of the stairs. A comparison of this difference in footings is shown in

Table 98. This comparison only compares the price of concrete, using a value of $150 per cubic yard

[14]. This does not compare any labour, formwork, rebar, delivery or placement costs.


Pad Footing Strip Footing Pad Footing Strip Footing

Number of Footings 1 2 2 0

Dimensions 48” x 48” x 10” 9’ x 20” x 6” 48” x 48” x 10” 0

Volume (cu. yards) 0.494 0.556 0.988 0

Cost $74.10 $83.40 $148.20 0

Total Cost $157.50 $148.20 Table 98: Concrete Costs Source: [Primary]

Floor Performance A comparison of the TJ- Pro Ratings of each floor design can be completed to compare floor

performance. In this report TJ- Pro Ratings are compared in the U-A joist area, as this has the largest

variation in design. A weighted average for each floor is also compared and the results are shown

below.

Area M-A

The joist layout varied most in the M-A area of the house. This area supports the kitchen and living

rooms which people spend much of their time. This area also sees lots of foot traffic which can cause

vibration.

In order to make a comparison of the area, JATE compared the joist layouts in Forte. The JATE design

used TJI 360 Series joist spaced at 16” on-centre (408mm) with 1- 1/8” sheathing. The Akx Lumber Ltd.

design called for the more expensive TJI 560 Series spaced further apart at 19.2” on-centre (488mm)

with 23/23” sheathing. The results are shown below in Table 99.

Design TJ-Pro Rating

JATE 48

Akx Lumber Ltd. 43 Table 99: Floor Performance Comparison Source: [Primary]

The JATE design outperformed the Akx Lumber Ltd. design by 5 points in the TJ-Pro Rating. The JATE

design would result in less vibration than the Akx Lumber Ltd. design. According the Weyerhaeuser’s TJI-

Pro Rating chart this would result in an approximate increase of 10% in customer satisfaction.

48



The Akx Lumber Ltd. design may have had a lower TJ-Pro Rating requirement of 40, as their result in this

area is less than the 45 requirement set by Akx Lumber Ltd. If ½” gypsum board is placed on the

underside of the joist, the Akx Lumber Ltd. design reaches 45, but was excluded from each to make an

even comparison.

Weighted Average

A weighted average was also made between the designs. The JATE design calculated a weighted

average for each floor using the results from each individual area. The Akx Lumber Ltd. design weighted

average was given as output from the Javelin file and can be found on their design drawings. Because of

this the exact criteria for the calculation cannot be known. The results are shown below in Table 100.

Design TJ-Pro Rating

Main Upper

JATE - Main 50 54

Akx Lumber Ltd. - Main 52 45 Table 100: Weighted Average of TJ-Pro Ratings Source: [Primary]

When taken as a weighted average, the Akx Lumber Ltd. design has the higher vibration rating on the

main floor by 2 points, while the JATE design is higher by 9 points in the upper floor.

Vibration Conclusion

Although the Akx Lumber Ltd. design was able to outperform the JATE design by 2 points on main floor

weighted average, the JATE design produces higher TJI-Pro ratings 8 points higher in the M-A area. This

area holds the kitchen and living room areas where people spend their time and store dishes. This area

in turn requires a higher TJI-Pro Rating to increase customer satisfaction. The JATE design is 9 points

higher in the upper floor as well. As a result we conclude the JATE design provides slightly superior

performance.

Constructability The differences in the two layouts impact the constructability of the house. Builders would prefer to

build Akx Lumber Ltd.’s design over JATE’s design due to the orientation of the joists. It is simpler to

build when all the joists run in the same direction rather than changing direction in the middle of a floor.

Sheathing the floor also becomes much easier when the joists run the same direction. When sheathing a

floor, the strong axis of the sheathing should be perpendicular to the joist span. If the joists change

direction in the middle of a floor, the sheathing also has to change direction. Although this is not difficult

to do, it takes much longer and takes more effort to build. Changing the direction of the sheathing

creates another complication; when the sheathing stops mid-floor and changes direction, a seam is

created between the two areas of sheathing. This creates a weak spot in the floor system and does not

allow the floor system to work as a whole, but rather as two separate systems.

Another complication that is created when changing the direction of the joists is running the heating

ducts from the furnace to the upper floor. When the joists run the same direction, a heating duct can

run vertically without many issues. When the joists change direction however, the heating duct will

49



usually have to bend or move to fit between the joists. This also increases the complexity and effort

required to construct the house.

Akx Lumber Ltd.’s design is also easier to construct due to the spacing of the joists. To be more cost

effective, JATE’s design uses joists at different spacings to reduce the size or the number of joists. This is

more difficult to construct, both with laying out the joists, and with the sheathing process.

Conclusion There are various methods which may be used in structural wood design. The JATE design team was able

to design a flooring system for a two story house in Calgary, provided by Akx Lumber Ltd. The design is

completed using Weyerhaeuser engineered wood products, industry standards for loading, Forte design

software, and The Wood Design Manual. Upon completing the design a comparison to the design

completed by the professionals Akx Lumber Ltd. follows. The scope of the comparison includes

materials costs, floor performance, and constructability.

Based on general available pricing the JATE design materials costs $2086.29 less than the Akx Lumber

Ltd. design. Due to confidentiality reasons the JATE team does not have access to Akx Lumber Ltd.

pricing. Labour differences were ignored as the addition joists in the JATE design would add time, while

the exclusion of blocking would decrease the labour time.

The floor performance of the JATE design marginally outperforms the Akx Lumber Ltd. design based on

comparison criteria. The JATE design greatly outperforms on the upper floor, while the Akx Lumber Ltd.

design marginally outperforms on main floor. The M-A joist area of the home was compared as well.

This area is chosen for comparison as it contains the greatest design difference between the two

designs. The JATE design greatly outperformed Akx Lumber Ltd. design.

The constructability of the JATE design is lower than the Akx Lumber Ltd. design. The JATE design varies

in spacing and joist orientation making it less desirable. Less experienced labourers may make errors

causing time delays. The changing of joist directions also results in the sheathing having to change

direction which is not desirable. The joists running in various directions also result in difficulty running

ventilation through the home. Bulk heads would be required, but this factor was not considered during

the JATE design.

The comparison criteria used by JATE may be missing factors faced in a real life design scenario. Based

on the simplified comparison criteria and results of the cost and performance comparison JATE is able to

conclude their design outperforms that of Akx Lumber Ltd.

50



References [1] L. L. Co, "TJI Floor Joists," Limback, 28 10 2014. [Online]. Available:

http://www.limbacklumber.com/tji-plywood_supply.pdf. [Accessed 29 03 2015]. [2] #TJ-4500 Specifier’s guide, Trus joist, Engineered Wood Product. Canada: Weyerhaeuser, 2012. [3] Weyerhaeuser, "Headers, Beam, And Columns," in Trus Joist Engineered Wood Products,

Canada, Weyerhaeuser , 2012. [4] Jagerhaus, “The Orchid ‘B’ Model,” Architectural Drawings. [5] Partnership for Advancing Technology in Housing, Residential Structural Design Guide, 2000 ed.

Maryland: NAHB Research Center Inc, 2000. [6] National Research Council of Canada, National Building Code of Canada 2005, 12th ed. Ottawa:

National Research Council of Canada, 2005. [7] “TJ ProTM Ratings System,” Weyerhaeuser, [online] Available:

http://www.woodbywy.com/software/tj-pro-rating-system/. [Accessed: March 25, 2015]. [8] Canadian Wood Council, Wood Design Manual, 2010 ed. Ottawa: Accurate, 2010. [9] “Stemco Inc. Engineered Columns,” Stemco Inc., [online] Available:

http://www.stemco.ca/prod.html. [Accessed: March 25, 2015]. [10] Mark Dann, Design Manager, Akx Lumber Ltd. In person interview. March, 24, 2015 [11] “Engineered Products,” Ashby Lumber, [online] Available:

https://store.ashbylumber.com/inet/storefront/store.php?mode=browsecategory&department=17. [Accessed: March 29, 2015].

[12] “Sizing Engineered Beams and Headers,” University of Massachusetts, Amherst, [online]

Available: http://bct.eco.umass.edu/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/engbeams.pdf. [Accessed: March 29, 2015].

[13] “1 1/8” x 4’ x 8’ Tongue & Groove OSB Sturdifloor,” Menards, [online] Available:

http://www.menards.com/main/osb/1-1-8-x-4-x-8-tongue-groove-osb-sturdifloor/p-1934588.htm. [Accessed: March 29, 2015].

[14] “The Average Cost of a Cubic Yard of Concrete,” eHow, [online] Available:

http://www.ehow.com/about_5869747_average-cost-cubic-yard-concrete.html. [Accessed: April 15, 2015].

http://www.woodbywy.com/software/tj-pro-rating-system/

http://www.stemco.ca/prod.html

https://store.ashbylumber.com/inet/storefront/store.php?mode=browsecategory&department=17

https://store.ashbylumber.com/inet/storefront/store.php?mode=browsecategory&department=17

http://bct.eco.umass.edu/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/engbeams.pdf

http://www.menards.com/main/osb/1-1-8-x-4-x-8-tongue-groove-osb-sturdifloor/p-1934588.htm

http://www.menards.com/main/osb/1-1-8-x-4-x-8-tongue-groove-osb-sturdifloor/p-1934588.htm

http://www.ehow.com/about_5869747_average-cost-cubic-yard-concrete.html

A-1

Demonstration of Structural Wood Design Using Engineered Wood Products: Blackwell, Coate, ElGandour, Kebede

Appendix A: Beam Resistive Forces Calculations

A-2


Appendix: A

Beam Resistive Moment Check

Microllam LVL 1-3/4" x 11-7/8"

TimberStrand LSL 1-3/4" x 11-7/8"

A-3


TimberStrand LSL 3-1/2" x 11-7/8"

A-4


Parallam PSL 1-3/4" x 11-7/8"

A-5




A-6


Parallam PSL 7" x 11-7/8"

A-7


B-1


Appendix B: Main Floor Joists Calculations

B-2


Appendix B

M-A Joists

Forte Report

Hand Calculations

B-3


Performance

Total Load Deflection

Total Load Allowable Deflection

Live Load Deflection

Live Load Allowable Deflection

B-4


M-B Joists

Forte Report

Hand Calculations

B-5






M-C Joists

Forte Report

B-6


Hand Calculations



B-7




M-D Joists

Forte

Hand Calculations

B-8






B-9


M-E

Forte

Hand Calculations

B-10






C-1


Appendix C: Upper Floor Beam Calculations

C-2


Appendix C

MB-1

Forte Report

Hand Calculations using 1-3/4” LVL

C-3


Deflection Loads



C-4


MB-2 Forte Report

Hand Calculations using 5-1/4” x 14” Parallam Beam

C-5


Deflection


C-6



PASSES

C-7


MB-3 Forte Report

Hand Calculations using 3-1/2” TimberStrand LSL Beam

C-8


Deflection



PASSES

D-1


Appendix D: Upper Floor Joists Calculations

D-2


Appendix D

U-A

Forte (on bearing wall)

Hand Calculations

D-3






D-4


U-B

Forte

Hand Calculations

D-5






U-C

Forte

D-6


Hand Calculations



D-7




U-D

Forte

D-8


Hand Calculations





D-9


U-E

Forte

Hand Calculations

D-10






D-11


U-F

Forte

Hand Calculations

D-12






E-1


Appendix E: Upper Floor Beams Calculations

E-2


Appendix E Beams supporting Upper Floor

UB-1 Forte Report

Hand Calculations using 5-1/4” PSL

E-3


Deflection



PASSES

E-4


UB-2 Forte Report


Mf and Vf values from SAFI.

U-MID Load Deflection

E-5


Stairs Load Deflection (replaced uniform line load with an equivalent point load for deflection

calculations)

E-6


U-C Load Deflection

U-B Load Deflection

E-7


Total Deflection

E-8


PASSES

UB-3 Forte Report

Hand Calculations using 7” PSL

Mf and Vf values from SAFI.

E-9


U-A Deflection

Point Load Deflection

Total Deflection

E-10


PASSES

UB-4 Forte Report

E-11





E-12


PASSES

UB-5 Forte Report

Hand Calculations using LVL 1-3/4”

E-13




E-14


PASSES

UB-6 Forte Report

Hand Calculations using LVL 1-3/4”

E-15




PASSES

F-1


Appendix F: Bearing Wall Calculations

F-2


Appendix F Below are the calculations for the bearing walls used in the JATE design. These calculations are based on

the Wood Design Manual 2010.

Bearing Wall Main

kN

F-3


Bearing Wall Upper

kN

kN

F-4


Connections Below Beams UB-1 and U-B-2

-1

Double studs below beam connections


Appendix G: Support Post Calculations


Appendix G Post supporting beams MB-2, MB-3, and the point load from beam UB-3.

Post selection is made using STEMCO product information shown below.

[9]


A STM2-8.5 post is selected to be used.

Structural Wood Design Capstone

Documents

jate design

wood design manual

process of design

structural wood design

design manager

different design methods

todays wood industry

individual wood members