Structural Design I - ETH Z engl_1444848320.pdf · Structural design I Structural design II Structural design I+II 1. Introduction 2. Equilibrium and graphic static 3.+4. Cables 5.

Structural Design I

15.10.2015

2

Course overview

Structural design I Structural design II

Structural design I+II

1. Introduction

2. Equilibrium and graphic static

3.+4. Cables

5. Cable-net and membrane struc-tures

7. Arches

8.+9. Vaults, domes and shells

11. Spatial arch-cable-structures

10. Arch-cable-structures

6. Materials and dimensioning

12. +13. Trusses 15.+16. Beams and frames

17. Spatial beams14. Spatial trusses

19. Columns

18. Bending

3

Cable-net and membrane structures

Static behavior of cable-net and membrane structuresFrei Otto’s physical form-finding experimentsTypes of tensioned roof systemsConstruction detailing Retractable membrane structuresPneumatic membrane structuresMembrane materials

4Static behavior of cable-net and membrane structures

Tensile tree tent

A B

C

B

A

C prestressed state


Q

P >> Q

Q

A

B

C

A

B

C

BA

C prestressed state


A

Q C

Q

A

B

C

C

A

B

C

BA

Q

P > Q

B

prestressed state


B

A

Q

B

A

Q C

Q

Q

A

P = Q

B

C

C

A

B

BA

prestressed state


A

B

A

Q

B

B

B

A

Q

B

A

A

Q C

Q

A

B

C

Q

C

P < Q

prestressed state


D

CB

A

A B

CD


B

P

BA

CD

P

P

P

C

DA

+


m

m

D C

A B

B

A D

C

+

P

P

P P


B C

m n

DA

n

+

m

C

DA

B

m

n

B

A

C

D

P

P P

P


C

DA

B

m n

A D

nm

CB

n

m

C

D

B

A


m

n

A

B

D

C

Q m n

nm

A

BC

D

Q

C

DA

B

P > Q

prestressed state


m

n

A

B

Q

m

m n

nm

Q

A

B

A

BC

D

Q

C

DA

B

P = Q

prestressed state


B

A D

C

Q

D

CB

A

B

A

Q

A

B

Q

m n

nm

m

m

Q

B

A

n

m

P < Q

prestressed state


B

CB

A D

A

D

C

E

D

E

FA

BC

m

m

nm

B

A

D

C

m

n n1

2n

F

n1-2


mm 1-3 n

n

11

mm

n2

nn2

n

3n3

4n

n 1-4


P

P

P

B

m

n

A

BA

D C

C

Dn

mA

PPPP

P P PP

PP P P P P P

P

PPPP

PPPP

PPPP

PPPP

B

D

C

P


mm nn


Q

m m

QQ

Q

nn


mn

Q

Q

Q

m nQ



Anatole Kopp, R. Sager: Stade de Saint-Ouen, Nanterre, 1971







l

b

P = p b

P

.

1P

.

2

3

P = p l

1

m

P3

4

4P

.

.

3 PP

P = p l2

2

n

P 4P

P = p b

1

p

p

p

p



B

B

A

D

C AE

D

C

F


C

E F

D

BA

P

P P

A

n

m

P

mn

+D

C

E

FB


D

E

D

E

BF

CA mn

C

A

BF


B

D

A

C

F

C

n

F

m

B

A

C

C

D

BF

E

AE

D

BF

D

EA

E






38



39Frei Otto’s physical form-finding experiments

Frei Otto, Pritzker Prize Winner 2015




Frei Otto: Study „Membraneforms“, Germany, 1986


Frei Otto: Study „Membraneforms“, Germany, 1986




Frei Otto: Soap film machine


Frei Otto: Model, soap film


Frei Otto: Humped tent, Aberdeen and Hyde Park, 1975

49



50Types of tensioned roof systems


Foster + Partners, Arup: Bishop Square, London, 2005


Foster + Partners, Arup: Bishop Square, London, 2005



Günter Behnisch, Frei Otto: Olympic stadium, Munich, 1972















Ackermann and Partner, Schlaich Bergermann and Partner: Ice rink, Munich, 1983








Philippe Samyn: Research laboratory of M&G Group, Venafro, 1991





Circus tent, Taupo


Frei Otto: Model for Institute for Lightweight Structures, Stuttgart, 1966


Frei Otto: Model for Institute for Lightweight Structures, Stuttgart, 1966


Frei Otto: Institute for Lightweight Structures, Stuttgart, 1966


Frei Otto: Montreal Pavilion, Montreal, 1967


Frei Otto: Institute for Lightweight Structures, Stuttgart, 1966


SOM: Hajj-Terminal, Jeddah, 1981







80



81Construction detailing

Ackermann and Partner, Schlaich Bergermann and Partner: Waste management, Munich, 1999

A

CD

B A B

D C

A

B C

D D

CB

A



Connection of membranes


Detail of membrane












Curtis Fentress, Horst Berger: Denver International Airport, Denver, 1995



CAD model formfinder


Curtis Fentress, Horst Berger: Denver International Airport, Denver, 1995


Günter Behnisch, Frei Otto: Olympia Park, Munich, 1972


Günter Behnisch, Frei Otto: Olympia Park, Munich, 1972

99



100Retractable membrane structures

Frei Otto: Prototype Umbrella, Red Sea Coast, 1987


Frei Otto: Prototype Umbrella, Red Sea Coast, 1987


Bodo Rasch, Frei Otto: Project study, multimedia stadium for Farbwerke Hoechst, Germany, 1971


Frei Otto: Open-air theater, Bad Hersfeld, Germany, 1969


Frei Otto: Open-air theater, Bad Hersfeld, Germany, 1969


Bodo Rasch: Quba Mosque, roof over courtyard, Madhina, 1987


Bodo Rasch, BuroHappold: Prophet‘s Holy Mosque, Medina, 1992


Bodo Rasch: foldable umbrella, 2003


University of Stuttgart, Bending active membrane roofing, marrakech itke, 2011

109



110Pneumatic membrane structures

Air hall

b

l

P4

P3

P2

P1

q

nm

1P

P3

P2

P4

R

R P = p b.3

P = p l4.

P = p b.1

2.P = p l

R

p

p

p

p



Earth station, Raisting, Germany, 1964

Pin

A B

atmP



Studio Philips Barrett: BC Place Stadium, Vancouver, 1983


Fuji-Pavilion at world exposition in Osaka, 1970, Arch. Y. Murata, Ing. M. Kawaguchi

inP

Patm



Herzog & de Meuron, ARUP: Allianz Arena, Munich, 2005


PTW, ARUP: Swimming Centre, Peking, 2008


Sir Nicholas Grimshaw, Anthony Hunt: Eden Project, Cornwall, 2001

A

1A 1

in,2

A

B

B

P

in,1P

2

33

2

B

P

atmP

atm














127



128Membrane materials

Polyvinylchlorid / PVC

- less buckling sensitive- hardly inflammable- cheaper

Glas fibre / PTFE

- buckling sensitive- non flammable- more durable

Structural Design I - ETH Z engl_1444848320.pdf · Structural design I Structural design II Structural design I+II 1. Introduction 2. Equilibrium and graphic static 3.+4. Cables 5.

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